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Garrepalli, Saritha. "Global Patterns of Lung Cancer Incidence." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/027.
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Introduction It is well known that smoking is injurious to health which causes lung cancer. Although not all smokers develop lung cancer, fraction of lifelong non-smokers will die from lung cancer. Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer related death in developed countries with extremely poor overall survival rate. In present study we set out epidemiological pattern with clinical profile of lung cancer patients in northern india population. Aim:We evaluate the effect of smoking with age distribution on histopathology in lung cancer patients. Material & Methods: We enrolled 218 patients after confirmation of histopathology and also collected demographic data. Results: Out of 218 patients of lung cancer, having median age of 56 years, we found 149 (68.3%) were smokers and 69 (31.6%) were nonsmokers. In histopathology 54.1% patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 29.2% adenocarcinoma, 12.4% Mixed cell, 3.7% Small cell. We also found 63.1% smoker to have squamous cell carcinoma and 50.7% non-smoker have adenocarcinoma.In our study middle age group patients were more frequent in smoking group. While higher age group patients has squamous cell and middle group have adenocarcinoma. Therefore patients group with high smoking are found to develop have more risk to develop small cell carcinoma rather than in case of non-smoker higher age groups have sqamous cell carcinoma type. Conclusion: In this study we found middle age group subjects of smoker having more squamous cell and nonsmoker having adenocarcinoma.
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Schouten, L. J., J. M. de Rijke, J. A. M. Huveneers, and A. L. M. Verbeek. "Rising incidence of breast cancer after completion of the first prevalent round of the breast cancer screening programme." Journal of Medical Screening 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jms.9.3.120.
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OBJECTIVES: After completion of the prevalent screening round of the breast cancer screening programme in Limburg, The Netherlands, incidences started rising once again. This increase was contrary to expectations, which had predicted a slightly higher, but stable, incidence after the first screening round. The trends in incidence were studied to find explanations for the observed rise in incidence. SETTING: Breast cancer screening programme in mid-Limburg and southern Limburg, the Netherlands. METHODS: The data files of the breast cancer screening programme and the Maastricht cancer registry were linked to evaluate the effect of breast cancer screening. Only the first primary breast tumour was included in the evaluation. RESULTS: The second peak of incidence after the prevalent screening round was 45% higher than the incidences before the start of the screening. Also, the decrease in incidence of large and node positive tumours was interrupted. Compared with national detection rates, the number of screen detected cancers was lower before 1995 and higher after that year. After 1997, incidence decreased again of all breast cancers, but also of large and node positive tumours. The incidence of node positive tumours showed large fluctuations, probably due to the introduction of the sentinel node procedure and immunohistochemistry. In 1999, incidence of large tumours and node positive tumours was 18% and 28%, respectively, lower than before the start of the screening. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the background incidences and improved detection in the screening programme most likely explain this trend. The improved detection after 1995, and the lower than desirable decrease in large tumours, indicate that the screening performance was not optimal before 1996. The incidence of node positive tumours cannot be used any more as an indicator of the success of the screening programme because of detection bias.
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Ayman, Rasmy, Ameen Amal, and AbdMonem Amira. "Lung Cancer Treatment: Incidence and Survival: SEER Database." Cancer Medicine Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1011.
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Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year. Nearly 85% of cases have a different histological groups jointly recognized as “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer of which lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma are the most common subtypes”.
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Rahib, Lola, Mackenzie Wehner, Lynn McCormick Matrisian, and Kevin Thomas Nead. "Projection of cancer incidence and death to 2040 in the US: Impact of cancer screening and a changing demographic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1566.
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1566 Background: Coping with the current and future burden of cancer requires an in-depth understanding of cancer incidence and death trends. As of 2020, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer are the most incident cancers, while lung, colorectal, pancreas, and breast cancer result in the most deaths. Here we integrate observed cancer statistics and trends with observed and estimated US demographic data to project cancer incidences and deaths to the year 2040. Methods: Demographic cancer-specific delay-adjusted incidence and death rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2014-2016) were combined with US Census Bureau population growth projections (2016) and average annual percentage changes in incidence (2011-2015) and death (2012-2016) rates to project cancer incidences and deaths through the year 2040. We examined the 10 most incident and deadly cancers as of 2020. We utilized Joinpoint analysis to examine changes in incidence and death rates over time relative to changes in screening guidelines. Results: We predict the most incident cancers in 2040 in the US will be breast (322,000 diagnoses in 2040) and lung (182,000 diagnoses in 2040) cancer. Continuing decades long observed incident rate trends we predict that melanoma (173,000 diagnoses in 2040) will become the 3rd most common cancer while prostate cancer (63,000 diagnoses in 2040) will become the 5th most common cancer after colorectal cancer (139,000 diagnoses in 2040). Lung cancer (61,000 deaths in 2040) is predicted to continue to be the leading cause of cancer related death, with pancreas (45,000 deaths in 2040) and liver & intrahepatic bile duct (38,000 deaths in 2040) cancer surpassing colorectal cancer (34,000 deaths in 2040) to become the second and third most common causes of cancer related death, respectively. Breast cancer deaths (29,000 in 2040) are predicted to continue to decrease and become the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Joinpoint analysis of incidence and death rates supports a significant past, present, and future impact of cancer screening programs on the number of cancer diagnoses and deaths, particularly for prostate, thyroid, melanoma incidences, and lung cancer deaths. Conclusions: We demonstrate marked changes in the predicted landscape of cancer incidence and deaths by 2040. Our analysis reveals an influence of cancer screening programs on the number of cancer diagnoses and deaths in future years. These projections are important to guide future research funding allocations, healthcare planning, and health policy efforts.
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Shetty, Priya B., Philip J. Lupo, and Michael E. Scheurer. "Abstract 5223: Pediatric cancer incidence among racial/ethnic groups living in rural/urban areas of the United States." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5223.
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Abstract Background: The impact of urban/rural residence on pediatric cancer incidence has not been well studied. Additionally, the impact of race/ethnicity on pediatric cancer incidence by urban/rural status has not been evaluated, which could inform our understanding of the roles of shared genetic and environmental causes of these malignancies. Methods: Using SEER18, we calculated pediatric cancer incidences for individuals diagnosed 2000-2018 by residence (urban/rural). Next we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) to evaluate the role of race/ethnicity on incidence stratified by urban vs. rural status. Results: See Table. Overall, most incidences were similar by residence, i.e., lower or equal in rural versus urban areas, except the rural group having significantly lower incidences of leukemias and germ cell tumors (GCTs). Additionally, the incidence of most pediatric cancers was consistently higher among NHW in both urban and rural areas. Yet, incidence of some cancers differed by urban/rural residence within race/ethnicity: retinoblastoma (NHB, Hispanic, and API); soft tissue sarcomas (NHB and AI/AN); hepatic tumors (AI/AN); and GCTs (API). Conclusions: In general, Hispanic, NHB, and AI/AN populations have similar incidence of pediatric cancers in urban or rural areas. These groups have some shared bio-geographical ancestry, suggesting a possible effect of genetics on risk. Further, differences in incidence by urban/rural residence within race/ethnicity suggest a possible role of environment for some cancers. Interestingly, for GCTs, NHB had a lower IRR in urban and rural areas, but Hispanic populations had a significantly higher IRR. This finding, consistent with a recent study in adults, suggest that African ancestry may confer a protective effect on risk of GCTs. Further, the GCT effect sizes were more protective in the rural group for each race/ethnicity group, suggesting the possible role of environmental factors and interactions of environment with ancestry. Pediatric cancer incidence by race/ethnicity group and urban/rural residence Citation Format: Priya B. Shetty, Philip J. Lupo, Michael E. Scheurer. Pediatric cancer incidence among racial/ethnic groups living in rural/urban areas of the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5223.
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Yan, Kimberly L., Shanpeng Li, Chi-Hong Tseng, Jiyoon Kim, Dalena T. Nguyen, Nardeen B. Dawood, Masha J. Livhits, Michael W. Yeh, and Angela M. Leung. "Rising Incidence and Incidence-Based Mortality of Thyroid Cancer in California, 2000-2017." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa121.
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Abstract Context The increased incidence of thyroid cancer globally over the past several decades is principally attributed to small, indolent papillary thyroid cancers. A possible concomitant increase in thyroid cancer-specific mortality remains debated. Objective The changes in thyroid cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality were assessed using a large population-based cohort over an 18-year period. Design & Patients A retrospective analysis of all thyroid cancers reported in the California Cancer Registry was performed (2000–2017). Age-adjusted incidence and incidence-based mortality rates were analyzed using a log-linear model to estimate annual percent change. Results We identified 69 684 individuals (76% female, median age 50 years) diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased across all histological subtypes (papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic) and all tumor sizes. The incidence increased from 6.43 to 11.13 per 100 000 person-years (average increase 4% per year; P < 0.001) over the study period. Thyroid cancer-specific mortality rates increased on average by 1.7% per year (P < 0.001). The increased mortality rates were greater in men (2.7% per year, P < 0.001) and patients with larger tumors (2-4 cm) (3.4% per year, P < 0.05). Conclusions Data from this statewide registry demonstrate that the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, and that this phenomenon is not restricted to small papillary thyroid cancers. Rising incidence in thyroid cancers of all sizes with concurrent increase of incidence-based mortality in men and those with larger tumors suggest a true increase in clinically significant disease.
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Abood, Rafid A., Kareem A. Abdahmed, and Seena S. Mazyed. "Epidemiology of Different Types of Cancers Reported in Basra, Iraq." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.03.008.
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Objectives: This study aimed to report the incidence and pattern of various types of cancers and their distribution across various demographic groups in Basra, Iraq. Methods: Cancer cases recorded during 2017 at the Basra Cancer Control Centre, the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, the Basra Oncology and Hematology Centre, the Basra Children’s Hospital and at private laboratories were included in the study. Patients’ records were analysed for information related to age, gender, residence and type of cancer. Incidences for different geographical regions and distribution of incidences across age groups were recorded as percentages. The mean age was recorded for patients of different genders and age groups. Incidence rates per 100,000 were calculated for different types of cancer. Results: A total of 2,163 cancer cases were identified of which 2,020 were in adults (93.4%) and 143 were in children (6.6%). Among adults, most cancers were found in females (59%). Patients’ mean age at diagnosis was 51.4 ± 19.6 years for adults and 6.4 ± 4.23 years for children. Cancer incidence rates per 100,000 people increased with age. Breast cancer was the most frequent cancer type found in adult females, with an incidence rate of 60.64 per 100,000 people. The most common types of cancer found in adult males were urinary bladder and lung and bronchus cancers; leukaemia was the most common cancer in children. Conclusion: The findings from this study can be used for predicting cancer epidemiology in Basra, Iraq, and to identify subsets of the population at high risk of cancer incidence. This information will help healthcare providers to adequately respond to the demands of diagnosis, treatment and palliative care for such patients.Keywords: Neoplasms; Incidence; Epidemiology; Demography; Iraq.
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Rohatgi, Atharva, Cheng-I. Liao, Michelle Ann Caesar, Caitlin Ruth Johnson, Joshua Elbridge Chan, Daniel Stuart Kapp, and John K. Chan. "The increasing incidence of alcohol-related cancers in young adults in the United States: Who is most at risk?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 10563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.10563.
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10563 Background: To evaluate incidences and trends of alcohol-associated cancers in United States adults over the last 18 years. Methods: Data was extracted from the United States Cancer Statistics database from 2001 to 2018. SEER*Stat Joinpoint Regression program 4.8.1 was used to calculate incidences and trends. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to describe trends. Based on the ICD-O-3 criteria, liver, colon, oral cavity, esophagus, and pharynx cancers were classified as alcohol-related cancers. Results: Over the last 18 years, the incidence of alcohol-associated cancers decreased overall in males and females by 0.9% every year (p < 0.001). Alcohol-associated cancers increased significantly in younger patients under the age of 39 years old (p < 0.001). Based on race, Black men and women had the highest incidence at 135.17/100,000 followed by 132.50 in White individuals, 105.84 in Hispanic individuals, and 104.28 in Asian individuals. By region, the incidence was found to be the highest in the Midwest at 132.89/100,000 and lowest in the West at 120.33. Based on cancer types, the most common alcohol related cancer was colorectal cancer with an incidence at 36.49/100,000 in 2018, followed by oral cavity cancers at 11.69, liver cancer at 6.76, esophagus cancer at 4.51, and larynx cancer at 2.92. Of all these types of cancers, liver cancer had the highest annual increase at 2.43% (p < 0.001). Using a projection model, we found that liver cancer is estimated to surpass colorectal cancer by the year 2035. On intersectionality analysis, White men and women in the Northeast between the ages of 75-79 had the highest incidence of alcohol-associated cancers at 584.10/100,000 in 2018. However, over the last 18 years, White men and women in the South between the ages of 20-24 had the highest annual increase at 4.08% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over the last 18 years, alcohol-related cancers increased in the younger patients, particularly those residing in the South. Liver cancer is increasing at the highest rate.
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Bukya, Sheela. "Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Tertiary Health Care Centre-Hyderabad." Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijcer.2321.9815.5217.9.
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Hemminki, Kari, Jan Sundquist, and Andreas Brandt. "Familial Mortality and Familial Incidence in Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 6 (February 20, 2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.30.5664.
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Purpose An overwhelming majority of data on familial risk in cancer is based on incident cancer, whereas familiality in cancer mortality is largely unknown. If fatal form of cancer was a highly familial subtype, then familial risk for mortality may exceed that of incidence, which would be particularly relevant for clinical decision making and counseling. Patients and Methods The individuals in the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database were classified according to family history of fatal and nonfatal cancer. Familial risks of incident and fatal concordant cancer were calculated for offspring based on their parental family history using a Cox model with hazard ratio (HR); offspring without family history were the reference. Results Most HRs for offspring incident cancers were somewhat higher for fatal compared with nonfatal parental family history. For breast (HR, 1.87 fatal v 1.66 nonfatal; P < .001) and prostate (HR, 2.30 fatal v 1.84 nonfatal; P < .001) cancers, 51.0% of patients with familial breast cancer and 56.6% of patients with prostate cancer had fatal family history. HRs for death in offspring according to a fatal compared with nonfatal family history were significantly increased for colorectal (HR, 1.76 v 1.47, respectively; P = .02), breast (HR, 1.97 v 1.51, respectively; P = .002), and prostate (HR, 2.03 v 1.59, respectively; P = .002) cancers. TNM classification did not seem to differ between the family histories. We showed also that an overwhelming proportion of offspring were diagnosed after the parental death. Conclusion Familial breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers might have a yet unidentified genetic component associated with poorer survival. It may be useful to record survival data in family history records.
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Ron, Elaine, Jay Lubin, and Arthur B. Schneider. "Thyroid cancer incidence." Nature 360, no. 6400 (November 1992): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/360113a0.
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Morris, Joan K. "Incidence Oftesticular Cancer." Journal of Medical Screening 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914139600300312.
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Swift, M. "Breast cancer incidence." Science 261, no. 5119 (July 16, 1993): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8332892.
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Jongbloet, Piet Hein. "Incidence of cancer." Lancet 358, no. 9287 (September 2001): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06210-9.
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Boyle, P. "Cancer incidence registration." European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 27, no. 2 (January 1991): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(91)90463-n.
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Gultekin, Murat, Irem Kucukyildiz, Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca, Selin Dundar, Guledal Boztas, Semra Hatice Turan, Ezgi Hacikamiloglu, and Bekir Keskinkilic. "Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia?" International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 27, no. 7 (September 2017): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000001026.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate nationwide gynecological cancer trends in Turkey.MethodsNational cancer registry data (2009–2013) of Turkish Ministry of Health were evaluated. Ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and tubal cancers are evaluated with respect to age of diagnosis, incidence rates within years, stage, histological distributions, and mortality rates. Data were collected from active cancer registry centers, which increased from 23% in 2009 to 47.5% coverage of the whole population by 2012, and mortality data (2010–2015) were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute.ResultsA total of 16,023 gynecological cancers were evaluated among 116,940 female patients with cancer (13.7%). Average incidence for gynecological cancers was 22.7 of 100,000, representing 8437 total new cases annually. Incidence changes within time were not statistically significant, when evaluated for each tumor type. Estimated risk of gynecological cancer development before the age of 80 years was 3.08% (95% confidence interval, 3.07–3.09). The most common gynecological cancers were uterine corpus cancers, which were followed by ovarian and cervical carcinomas. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidences were closer to European levels rather than Asian countries, whereas cervical cancer incidence was extremely low. Gynecological cancers constituted an important fraction of cancer-related mortality in women by comprising approximately 10.35% of cancer-related deaths. Mortality rates due to gynecological cancers did not show a statistically significant increase within years.ConclusionsThis is the first national cancer registry report to be published for gynecological cancers by the Turkish Governmental Department. As a result, Turkish gynecological cancer epidemiological data were consistent with the data obtained from European and developed countries rather than Asian countries, except for cervical cancer incidence, which is extremely low.
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Gultekin, Murat, Irem Kucukyildiz, Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca, Selin Dundar, Guledal Boztas, Semra Hatice Turan, Ezgi Hacikamiloglu, and Bekir Keskinkilic. "Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia?" International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 27, no. 8S (October 2017): S1—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-201710001-00001.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate nationwide gynecological cancer trends in Turkey.MethodsNational cancer registry data (2009–2013) of Turkish Ministry of Health were evaluated. Ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and tubal cancers are evaluated with respect to age of diagnosis, incidence rates within years, stage, histological distributions, and mortality rates. Data were collected from active cancer registry centers, which increased from 23% in 2009 to 47.5% coverage of the whole population by 2012, and mortality data (2010–2015) were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute.ResultsA total of 16,023 gynecological cancers were evaluated among 116,940 female patients with cancer (13.7%). Average incidence for gynecological cancers was 22.7 of 100,000, representing 8437 total new cases annually. Incidence changes within time were not statistically significant, when evaluated for each tumor type. Estimated risk of gynecological cancer development before the age of 80 years was 3.08% (95% confidence interval, 3.07–3.09). The most common gynecological cancers were uterine corpus cancers, which were followed by ovarian and cervical carcinomas. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidences were closer to European levels rather than Asian countries, whereas cervical cancer incidence was extremely low. Gynecological cancers constituted an important fraction of cancer-related mortality in women by comprising approximately 10.35% of cancer-related deaths. Mortality rates due to gynecological cancers did not show a statistically significant increase within years.ConclusionsThis is the first national cancer registry report to be published for gynecological cancers by the Turkish Governmental Department. As a result, Turkish gynecological cancer epidemiological data were consistent with the data obtained from European and developed countries rather than Asian countries, except for cervical cancer incidence, which is extremely low.
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Phillips, A. A., J. S. Jacobson, C. Magai, N. Consedine, N. C. Horowicz-Mehler, and A. I. Neugut. "Cancer incidence and mortality in the Caribbean." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 21110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21110.
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21110 Background: Nearly 10% of immigrants to the United States come from the Caribbean region. In this paper, we analyzed incidence and mortality rates of the major cancers in the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad and Tobago, and compared them with US patterns. Methods: We obtained age-standardized, sex-specific cancer incidence and mortality rates for cancers of the bladder, breast, cervix, esophagus, large bowel, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate, and stomach for eight Caribbean countries and the US from the GLOBOCAN program of the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) and for the US population from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the NCI. Results: GLOBOCAN incidence and mortality rates for the overall US were lower than but correlated with overall SEER rates. Based on GLOBOCAN data, the incidence and mortality rates of cancers of the breast, prostate, large bowel, and lung, and, among males, bladder cancer were lower in the Caribbean countries than the US. Caribbean countries had higher rates of cancers of the cervix, esophagus, liver, and stomach. Haiti had the highest incidence and mortality rates of cervix and liver cancers. Jamaica and Haiti had the highest rates of stomach cancer. Conclusions: Cancer incidence and mortality in the Caribbean generally follow known patterns of association with economic development, infectious agents, and racial/ethnic origin. Studying these patterns and how immigration changes them may yield clues to cancer etiology. A better understanding of cancer incidence and mortality rates may help health policymakers to implement state-of-the-art treatment and preventive services for people of Caribbean descent both in their native countries and in immigrant communities in the US. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Walia, Anuj, Xuan Wang, Martha Nicholson, Lucy Sun, Jessica R. Wong, Jennifer Eriksson, Smita Kothari, and Edith Morais. "Epidemiological trends of HPV-related anal cancers amongst males globally: A systematic literature review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.492.
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492 Background: Anal cancer is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, which can be prevented by the HPV vaccination. Few countries do recommend vaccination for the male population, but all males are at risk of contracting HPV. This study aimed to identify the latest evidence on the incidence of anal cancer and pre-cancer related to HPV in males globally and to analyze the epidemiological trends. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline and EMBASE. Studies containing original anal cancer incidence data in males published between January 1, 2008 and March 23, 2018 in English were included. Results: The global incidence of anal cancers and pre-cancers among the general male population was identified in 25 studies with observations ranging between 1968 and 2014. Incidence over time was reported in Australia and Europe. In an Australian national study, anal cancer incidence increased from 0.77 to 1.3 per 100,000 persons from 1982-2005, and in the UK from 0.79 to 1.06 per 100,000 persons from 1962-2002. In Denmark, the anal cancer range increased from 0.20-0.41 to 0.69-1.3 per 100,000 person-years (PYs) from pre-2000 to post-2000, and in France from 0.2 to 0.5 per 100,000 PYs from 1982-2012. In two national US studies, the mean incidence of pre-cancers was 1.5 in the period 1997-2009, and 0.41 from 1978-2007 per 100,000 PYs. The burden of anal cancers and pre-cancers increased the most among high-risk males reported in US studies. For HIV-positive males, mean incidence of cancer increased from 10.5 during 1980-1989 to 42.3 in 1996-2004 per 100,000 PYs, and for HIV-positive MSM, incidence increased from 47 to 270 per 100,000 PYs between 1984 and 2013. The mean pre-cancer incidence among HIV-positive males increased from 1.7 during 1980-1989 to 29.5 in 1996-2004 per 100,000 PYs. Conclusions: This systematic literature review demonstrates the increase in anal cancer and pre-cancer incidences over time in men, especially in high-risk male populations. The burden of anal cancers and pre-cancers increase over time in all male populations highlights the unmet medical need and the importance of preventative interventions such as HPV gender-neutral vaccinations.
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Sassolas, Geneviève, Zakia Hafdi-Nejjari, Anne Marie Schott, Claire Bournaud, Jean Louis Peix, Jacques Orgiazzi, Nicole Dutrieux-Berger, Françoise Borson-Chazot, and _. _. "Geographical correlation between incidence of benign disease and that of cancer of the thyroid among the population of the Rhône-Alpes région of France." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 1 (January 2010): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0570.
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ObjectiveTo analyze, at a population level, the relation between the incidences of benign thyroid diseases in patients submitted to surgery and that of thyroid cancers based on their respective geographical distributions.MethodsThe study included 3169 cases (691 cancers and 2478 benign diseases) operated on in 2002 in the Rhône-Alpes région, which is subdivided into eight départements and 311 cantons.ResultsThe total thyroid intervention rate was 54.6/100 000 (23.4 and 86.4), and the annual cancer incidence was 11.9/100 000 (4.7 and 13.8) for men and women respectively. The prevalence of cancer among thyroid surgery was 21.8% and that of cancer discovered in goiters increased with age (44% at 60 years). Intervention rates varied from départment to département. In women, the incidence of microcancers was correlated to the thyroid intervention for benign pathologies rate. In men, the incidence of supracentimetric cancers was related to the TIBR. At the canton level, the relative risk of benign diseases was correlated to that of cancers. TIBR and incidence of cancers were higher in urban cantons than in nonurban ones. The density of endocrinologists influenced the prevalence of cancers among all the cases submitted to surgery.ConclusionIn the Rhône-Alpes population with high rates of thyroid cancer incidence and of thyroid surgery, a number of correlations were found according to gender and tumor size. However, the general incidence of cancer was not directly related to surgical activity. Geographical variability may be related to the heterogeneous medical and pathological practices.
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Tsimafeyeu, Ilya, and Lola Rahib. "The future landscape of cancer incidence and mortality until 2036 in the Russian Federation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e22518-e22518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e22518.
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e22518 Background: Understanding the future of the burden of cancer is important to plan for future research funding, allocations of resources and other efforts. In 2019, the most incident solid tumors in Russia were colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, and gastric cancers; most deaths were lung, colorectal, gastric, breast, and pancreas cancers. We project cancer incidences and death to the year 2036 utilizing population growth estimates and observed current rates and trends in Russia. Methods: Average annual percent change (AAPC) adjusted estimations of cancer incidences and death to 2036 were calculated for the 10 most incident and deadly cancers for male and female individuals. We combined the most recent sex and cancer-specific delay-adjusted incidence rates from the Herzen Russian Cancer Statistics (official Russian cancer statistics) and GLOBOCAN database with existing Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) demographic population growth projections by sex to calculate estimated incidences and death to 2036. Calculations assume that the annual percent change in the incidence and death rates observed will remain constant through 2036. Results: We project that by 2036 the incidence will increase by 19.5% and the most incident cancers in Russia will be different than the current rankings. Excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, breast is projected to be the most incident cancer with 99,700 diagnoses (currently second most incident; 73,918 diagnoses in 2019), colorectal is projected to be second with 95,200 diagnoses (currently first, 77,062 diagnoses in 2019). Lung (60,113 diagnoses in 2019) and prostate (45,763 diagnosis in 2019) will drop from fourth and third place to third and fourth place with 85,400 and 53,100 diagnoses in 2036 respectively. Despite the increase in incidence, cancer deaths will decline by 18% by 2036. Lung and colorectal cancer are projected to continue to be the top 2 leading causes of cancer related death with 35,800 deaths in 2036 due to lung cancer and 32,100 deaths due to colorectal cancer. Pancreas cancer is projected to surpass breast and gastric cancer to become the 3rd leading cause of cancer related deaths in 2036 (21,800 deaths in 2036). Breast cancer is projected to move from the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths to fifth and gastric cancer will no longer be one of the top 5 causes of cancer deaths. Conclusions: We present projections on cancer incidence and deaths to 2036 in Russia. We show a shift in the rankings of the top 5 most common cancers and most markedly we show that pancreas cancer will be the third leading (currently fifth) cause of cancer related deaths by 2036. These projections can guide future research focus and planning.
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Uchendu, Obiora Jude. "Cancer Incidence in Nigeria: A Tertiary Hospital Experience." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2020.5.1.27-32.
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Background: Cancer is a poorly addressed major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.Aim: The study aims at analyzing the age, gender and topography of cancer in Delta State, Nigeria.Setting: The research was conducted in the State tertiary health care center, the major referral center in Delta State, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This is a 6-year (2014-2019) descriptive retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed cancer cases in the department of Histopathology, DELSUTH.Results: Cancer accounted for 668 (28.9%) of the 2300 histologically diagnosed cases, involving 461 females and 207 males with mean ages of 48.40 and 54.14 respectively. The combined sex mean age and age range were 50.17 and 1-98 years respectively. The peak occurred in the 7th decade for males and the 6th decade for females. The most common cancers are breast (36.5%), colorectal (11.7%), prostate (8.1%) cervical (7.2), soft tissue (6%), non-melanoma skin (5.2%), ovarian (4%),metastatic (4%), gastric (2.6%), thyroid (1.8%), and salivary gland (1.4%) cancers. The peak incidence for breast and thyroid cancers; lymphomas; colorectal and cervical cancers; ovarian; and prostate cancers occurred in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th decades respectively.Conclusion: Cancer constitute a major disease burden, increases in incidence with age, and affects more females than males with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers as most common cancers. Understanding the local epidemiological characteristic is fundamental to planning for proper preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Bashash, Morteza, Amil Shah, Greg Hislop, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Nhu Le, and Chris Bajdik. "Incidence and Survival for Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Diagnosed in British Columbia, 1990 to 1999." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 2 (2008): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/645107.
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BACKGROUND: Geographical variation and temporal trends in the incidence of esophageal and gastric cancers vary according to both tumour morphology and organ subsite. Both diseases are among the deadliest forms of cancer. The incidence and survival rates for gastric and esophageal carcinoma in British Columbia (BC) between 1990 and 1999 are described.METHODS: Incidence data for the period 1990 to 1999 were obtained from the BC Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence and survival rates were computed by anatomical subsite, histological type and sex. All rates were standardized to the 1996 Canadian population. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to measure incidence changes over time. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to show survival rates, and log-rank tests were used to test for differences in the curves among various groups.RESULTS: Between 1990 and 1999, 1741 esophageal cancer cases and 3431 gastric cancer cases were registered in BC. There was an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus over time (EAPC=9.6%) among men, and of gastric cardia cancer among both women (EAPC=9.2%) and men (EAPC=3.8%). Patients with proximal gastric (cardia) cancer had significantly better survival rates than patients with cancer in the lower one-third of the esophagus. Among gastric cancers, patients with distal tumours had a significantly better survival rate than patients with proximal tumours.DISCUSSION: The incidences of proximal gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma are increasing, and their survival patterns are different. Examining these cancers together may elucidate new etiological and prognostic factors.
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Garau, Mariela, Rafael Alonso, Carina Musetti, and Enrique Barrios. "Cancer incidence and mortality in Uruguay: 2013-2017." Colombia Medica 53, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): e2014966. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v53i1.4966.
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Background: Uruguay has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates in Latin America. The National Cancer Registry of Uruguay, which has been in operation since 1992, provides epidemiological information on incidence and mortality at the country level.
Objective: The objective of this article is to update the incidence and mortality figures by reporting the information for the period 2013-2017.
Methods: All incident cases of invasive neoplasias except non-melanoma of the skin and all cancer deaths that occurred from 2013 to 2017 were analyzed. Age-standardized rates were calculated by the direct method, using the world standard population. Complementary, incidence (2002-2017) and mortality (1990-2017) trends were studied for the leading sites.
Results: Among females, the most common cancers are breast, colon and rectum, lung, cervix and thyroid. The most frequent cancers in males are prostate, lung, colon and rectum, bladder and kidney. Lung, prostate and colorectal cancer are the leading causes of cancer death in males while breast cancer is the first cause of cancer death among females.
Conclusions: Although cancer mortality has declined monotonously since 1990, cancer control is a challenge for Uruguay, wherein breast, lung and prostate cancer have very high incidence while the country must still make an effort to reduce other cancers that are very common in economically less favored countries.
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Khanali, Javad, and Ali-Asghar Kolahi. "National and Subnational Cancer Incidence for 22 Cancer Groups, 2000 to 2016: A Study Based on Cancer Registration Data of Iran." Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6676666.
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Background. Cancer is an increasing public health concern, and detailed knowledge of the cancer incidence is required for developing effective cancer control plans. The objective of this study is to present the cancer incidence of 22 cancer groups in Iran and all 31 provinces of the country from 2000 to 2016, for both sexes across different age groups. Method. To study the national and provincial cancer incidence in Iran, we extracted data from the Cancer Project, which collects the Iranian cancer registry data and visualizes it in the VIZIT data visualization system. The methodology and statistical analysis that is used in this study follow the cancer project study protocol. Joinpoint analysis was performed to calculate the average annual percent change of the crude rates and age-standardized rates from 2000 to 2016. Results. Cancer incidence was 126,982 patients in 2016, and the crude rate (CR) of cancer in both sexes and all ages was 155 per 100,000 people. Cancer incidence approximately doubled between 2000 and 2016; however, the age-standardized rate (ASR) had a less drastic increase. The most incident cancers in 2016 were breast, skin, and colorectal cancers; however, the ranking of cancer groups by incidence was different in different age and sex groups and provinces. Some cancers exhibited a unique distribution pattern in the country with high-incidence local areas. Discussion. The study showed that cancer incidence, crude rate, and age-standardized rate (ASR) in Iran had increased in 2000-2016 with vast heterogeneity by cancer type, province, and sex. Moreover, it was shown that the crude rate of cancer in Iran was much less than the global cancer crude rate. Providing such data helps to allocate resources and develop effective national cancer control plans appropriately.
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Jung, Yun Kyung, Junghyun Yoon, Kyeong Geun Lee, Han Joon Kim, Boyoung Park, and Dongho Choi. "De Novo Cancer Incidence after Cholecystectomy in Korean Population." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071445.
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Background: Cancer development after cholecystectomy remains debatable. We estimated the major cancer incidence rates after cholecystectomy stratified by age and sex. Methods: The records of 408,769 subjects aged >20 years were extracted from the National Health Insurance database from 2008 to 2016. The risks of major cancers were compared between the cholecystectomy and general populations using standardised incidence ratios (SIR). Results: The overall cancer incidence was comparable between cholecystectomy patients and the general population. However, patients aged <65 years who underwent cholecystectomy had a higher cancer risk than those aged ≥65 years and the general population (SIR 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15–3.08; SIR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32–1.40; and SIR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.92 in men and SIR 1.91; 95% CI 1.71–2.10; SIR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03–1.10; and SIR 0.90; 95% CI 0.87–0.94 in women aged 20–34, 35–64, and ≥65 years at cholecystectomy). Colorectal and liver cancer incidences after cholecystectomy were higher than those in the general population regardless of age group and sex (SIR, 1.55 for colorectal cancer in men and women; SIR, 1.25 and 1.51 for liver cancer in men and women, respectively). However, for other major cancers, the risk was higher in patients who underwent cholecystectomy at a younger age than in those who underwent cholecystectomy at an age ≥65 years. Conclusion: Patients with cholecystectomy, especially those undergoing cholecystectomy at a younger age, need preventive strategies based on the cancer type.
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Misono, Stephanie, Noel S. Weiss, Jesse R. Fann, Mary Redman, and Bevan Yueh. "Incidence of Suicide in Persons With Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 29 (October 10, 2008): 4731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.13.8941.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize suicide rates among patients with cancer in the United States and identify patient and disease characteristics associated with higher suicide rates. Prior studies, mostly in Europe, have suggested that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for suicide, but large cohort studies comparing patients with cancer with the general population have not been performed in the United States. Methods Patients in the study were residents of geographic areas served by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program who were diagnosed with cancer from 1973 to 2002. Comparisons with the general US population were based on mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. This was a retrospective cohort study of suicide in persons with cancer. Results Among 3,594,750 SEER registry patients observed for 18,604,308 person-years, 5,838 suicides were identified, for an age-, sex-, and race-adjusted rate of 31.4/100,000 person-years. In contrast, the suicide rate in the general US population was 16.7/100,000 person-years. Higher suicide rates were associated with male sex, white race, and older age at diagnosis. The highest suicide risks were observed in patients with cancers of the lung and bronchus (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 5.74; 95% CI, 5.30 to 6.22), stomach (SMR = 4.68; 95% CI, 3.81 to 5.70), oral cavity and pharynx (SMR = 3.66; 95% CI, 3.16 to 4.22), and larynx (SMR = 2.83; 95% CI, 2.31 to 3.44). SMRs were highest in the first 5 years after diagnosis with cancer. Conclusion Patients with cancer in the United States have nearly twice the incidence of suicide of the general population, and suicide rates vary among patients with cancers of different anatomic sites. Further examination of the psychological experience of patients with cancer, particularly that of patients with certain types of cancer, is warranted.
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Medenica, Milic, Miras Medenica, Olivera Bojovic, Ivan Soldatovic, and Ivana Durutovic. "Changing trends in incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Montenegro." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, no. 1-2 (2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1402023m.
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Introduction. Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, as well as the most common cause of death cancer. Most lung cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. Objective. Examining changes in trends of lung cancer incidence in Montenegro by histological type during a 15-year period, from 1997 to 2011. Methods. During the study period, histopathological confirmation was obtained for all primary lung cancer cases in the only hospital for lung diseases in the country. Based on the data from medical records, patients were classified by time period, sex, age groups and smoking history. Descriptive method was used. Results. Ratio between incidences of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma changes in males, with a significant increase in the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma and drop in the rate of squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.001). In addition, statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the incidence of NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) and an increase in the incidence of SCLC (small cell lung cancer) was found. A statistically significant increase in linear trend in the incidence of small cell carcinoma was noted in females (p<0.005). Conclusion. Incidence rates of adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma have increased during the study period.
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Capocaccia, Riccardo, Carlotta Buzzoni, Enrico Grande, Riccardo Inghelmann, Francesco Bellù, Tiziana Cassetti, Margherita de Dottori, et al. "Estimated and Observed Cancer Incidence in Italy: A Validation Study." Tumori Journal 93, no. 4 (July 2007): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160709300410.
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Aims and background The study aimed to validate model-based incidence estimates by means of observed incidence rates provided by Italian cancer registries, for five major cancer sites (stomach, colon and rectum, lung, breast and prostate cancers) and for all cancers together. Methods Recent incidence rates observed by Italian population-based cancer registries were extracted from the data base of the Italian Association of Cancer Registries. Regional estimates of incidence rates for the same cancers were obtained by the MIAMOD method. Observed and estimated crude incidence rates and incidence trends were compared for the period of diagnosis 1985-2000. Eight Italian cancer registries and seven regions were selected for the analysis since they had incidence data available during the entire selected period. Results and conclusions An excellent agreement between estimated and observed crude incidence rates was found for all single cancer sites, regarding absolute incidence levels and time trends. A partial exception was breast, where empirical data showed a sudden increase in the last three years of observation, perhaps due to organized screenings in some Italian regions, and not captured by statistical models. Substantial underestimation of model-based incidence rates was found for all cancers combined, where the difference tended to increase with calendar year, up to a maximum of 20% in recent years. The greatest part of the discrepancy can be attributed to multiple cancers, which were included in cancer registries statistics but were not accounted for in MIAMOD estimates.
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Heath, John A., Elizabeth Smibert, Elizabeth M. Algar, Gillian S. Dite, and John L. Hopper. "Cancer Risks for Relatives of Children with Cancer." Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/806076.
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We determined the extent and distribution of cancers in relatives of 379 children newly diagnosed with cancer. Family history was collected from 1,337 first-degree and 3,399 second-degree relatives and incidence compared with national age- and gender-specific rates. Overall, 14 children (3.7%) had a relative with a history of childhood cancer and 26 children (6.9%) had a first-degree relative with a history of cancer, with only one of these having an identifiable familial cancer syndrome. There was a higher than expected incidence of childhood cancer among first-degree relatives (parents and siblings) (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.43; 95% CI 0.54–5.08). There was also a higher than expected incidence of adult cancers among first-degree relatives (SIR 1.45; 95% CI 0.93–2.21), particularly in females (SIR 1.82; 95% CI 1.26–3.39). The increased family cancer history in first-degree females was largely attributable to an effect in mothers (SIR 1.78; 95% CI 1.27–3.33). The gender-specific association was reflected in higher than expected incidence rates of breast cancer in both mothers (SIR 1.92; 95% CI 0.72–6.83) and aunts (SIR 1.64; 95% CI 0.98–2.94). These findings support the hypothesis that previously undetected familial cancer syndromes contribute to childhood cancer.
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Stojanovic, Miodrag M., Natasa K. Rancic, Marija R. Andjelković Apostolović, Aleksandra M. Ignjatović, Dijana R. Stojanovic, Vesna R. Mitic Lakusic, and Mirko V. Ilic. "Temporal Changes in Incidence Rates of the Most Common Gynecological Cancers in the Female Population in Central Serbia." Medicina 58, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020306.
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Background and Objectives: There were 1,335,503 newly diagnosed cases of the most common gynecological cancers in women (cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer) worldwide in 2020. The main objective of this paper was to assess temporal changes in incidence rates of the most common gynecological cancers and to determine the age group with the greatest increase in incidence in the Serbian female population in the period 2003–2018. Material and Methods: Trends and annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Joinpoint regression analysis. The trend was considered to be significantly increasing (positive change) or decreasing (negative change) when the p-value was below 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: The total number of newly registered cancer cases from 2003 to 2018 was 35,799. There was a significant increase of age standardized rate (ASR) for all cancer incidences in women from 2012 to 2018 with APC 6.9% (95% CI from 0.9 to 13.3, p = 0.028) and for uterine cancer during the 2014–2018 period with APC of 16.8% (95% CI: from 4.0 to 31.1, p = 0.014), as well as for ovarian cancer incidence in the 2012–2018 period with APC of 12.1% (95% CI: from 6.7 to 17.8, p < 0.001). A non-significant decrease of ASRs of incidence for cervical cancer was determined from 2003 to 2015 with APC of −0.22% (95% CI: from −3.4 to 3.1, p = 0.887) and a non-significant increase of ASRs incidence from 2015 to 2018 with APC of 14.21% (95% CI: from −13.3 to 50.5, p = 0.311). The most common gynecological cancers were present in all age groups and only ovarian cancer was registered in the youngest age group (0–4 years). Cervical cancer showed a typical increase after the age of 30, with peak incidence in women aged 40–44 and 65–69 years. The increased incidence trend regarding age for cervical cancer (y = 1.3966x + 0.3765, R2 = 0.3395), uterine cancer (y = 1.7963x − 5.4688, R2 = 0.5063) and ovarian cancer (y = 1.0791x − 0.8245, R2 = 0.5317) is statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on our presented results, a significant increase of incidence trend for the most common gynecological cancers in the Serbian female population from 2012 to 2018 was determined. There has been a significant increase in the incidence of uterine cancer from 2014 up to 2018, as well as for ovarian cancer from 2012 up to 2018, while cervical cancer showed a non-significant decrease of incidence trend from 2003 until 2015 and then a non-significant increase. In women below 20 years of age, ovarian cancer was significantly more prevalent, while cervical cancer was significantly more prevalent in the age groups 20–39 and 40–59 years. In the age group of 60–79, uterine cancer had a significantly higher incidence than the other two cancers. Measures of primary prevention, such as vaccination of children against Human Papilloma Virus and screening measures of secondary prevention, for the female population aged 25 to 64 years of age are needed, as well as educating females about healthy lifestyles via media and social networks to help prevent the most common gynecological cancers.
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Yuan, Shuai, and Shao-Hua Xie. "Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e042762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042762.
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ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.
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Huang, Yu-Ching, and Yu-Hung Chen. "Cancer Incidence Characteristic Evolution Based on the National Cancer Registry in Taiwan." Journal of Oncology 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1408793.
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Introduction. Taiwan has committed itself to cancer prevention. This study investigates the impact of cancer prevention on cancer incidence in Taiwan. Objective. This study describes the secular trends and present status of cancer incidence in Taiwan during the years of 1988 to 2016. Methods. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs), age-specific incidence, and sex ratios for all cancers were calculated using data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry System for the years 1988 to 2016. Results and Conclusions. ASRs of cancer for males increased from 150.93 per 105 individuals in 1988 to 330.03 per 105 individuals in 2016, and, for females, they increased from 124.18 per 105 individuals in 1988 to 269.5 per 105 individuals in 2016. We found that cancer incidence has begun at younger ages and that the rates of cancer incidence are increasing faster. This study shows that the incidence of cancer in males has decreased slightly in recent years, while the incidence of cancer in females has continued to increase. The continuous promotion of health literacy, lifestyle modification, HBV and HPV vaccination, and cancer early screening can improve the effectiveness of cancer prevention.
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Chen, L. Y. "Cancer incidence in young and middle-aged people with schizophrenia: Nationwide cohort study in Taiwan, 2000–2010." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.530.
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AimsThe relationship between cancer and schizophrenia requires re-examination. We investigated the cancer risk among young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia.MethodsRecords of newly admitted patients with schizophrenia (n = 32.731) from January 2000 through December 2008 were retrieved from the Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claims database in Taiwan, and the first psychiatric admission of each patient during the same period was defined as the baseline. Five hundred and fourteen incident cancer cases were identified and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare the risk of cancer between those with schizophrenia and the general population. Stratified analyses of cancer incidences were performed by gender, site of cancers, and duration since baseline.ResultsThe incidence of cancer for all sites was slightly higher than that of the general population for the period (SIR = 1.15 [95% CI 1.06–1.26], P = 001). Men had a significantly higher incidence of colorectal cancer (SIR = 1.48 [95% CI 1.06–2.06], P = 0.019). Women had a higher incidence of breast cancer (SIR = 1.47 [95% CI 1.22–1.78], P < .001). Intriguingly, the risk for colorectal cancer was more pronounced 5 years after the first psychiatric admission rather than earlier (SIR = 1.94 [1.36–2.75], P < .001), and so was the risk for breast cancer (SIR = 1.85 [1.38–2.48], P < .001). The cancer incidence was higher in schizophrenic patients contradicting the belief that schizophrenia was protective of cancers.ConclusionsMen and women with schizophrenia were more vulnerable to certain types of cancers, which indicate the need for gender-specific cancer screening programs.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Mathew, Aleyamma. "Cancer in Women." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 52, no. 04 (October 2016): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712735.
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ABSTRACTCancer is emerging as a public health problem among an array of non-communicable diseases. The common cancers in women are breast, cervix uteri, colo-rectum, ovary, corpus uteri, lung and oral cavity. Breast cancer (BC) is the common cancer (20-30% of all cancers in women) and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About half of the BCs and 60% of the deaths are estimated to occur in economically developing countries. In most of the registries in India, BC is the commonest cancer with the highest incidence of nearly 50 per 100,000 women in Trivandrum. Half of this cancer is reported in <50 years of age and it exercises adverse influence on the productive role of women in the society. The factors that contribute to the international variation in BC incidence rates are largely due to the differences in reproductive and hormonal factors and the availability of early detection services.Gynecological cancers account 15-30% of all cancers in women. Cervix uteri cancer (CC) is the 3rd most common cancer affecting women worldwide, the most common cancer among women in several less developed countries and 2nd common cancer in India. During last few decades, this cancer incidence has been decreased in India. Significant declines in CC are likely due to changes in marriage and family planning, supported by underlying improvements in education and socioeconomic status. In spite of decreasing incidence of this cancer, gynecologic cancers have increased in India. Among these, ovary and corpus uteri cancers are the major contributors. Ovarian cancer (OC) has emerged as one of the common malignancies affecting women in India and is the 5th common cancer in India (4th common in Trivandrum). A steady increase has been observed in OC incidence in several registries including Trivandrum. More than 50% of women with OC are under the age of 50 years. The risk of it increases in women who have ovulated more over their lifetime. This includes those who begin ovulation at a younger age or reach menopause at an older age. Other risk factors include hormone therapy after menopause, fertility medication and obesity. Factors that decrease risk include hormonal birth control, tubal ligation, and breast feeding. Efforts are to be made to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage by educating population about the risk factors. Corpus uteri cancers (CUC) are most common in western countries but are becoming more common in Asia. In India, the highest CUC incidence rates are observed in Trivandrum and its incidence has been increasing. Presently, it is the 5th common cancer among women in Trivandrum, 75% of women are over the age of 50 years. The risk factors of CUC include obesity, diabetes mellitus, BC, use of tamoxifen, never having had a child, late menopause and high levels of estrogen.Colo-rectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd most common cancer in women world-wide. The burden of CRC has risen rapidly in some economically developed Asian countries like Japan, South Korea and Singapore. In India, the highest CRC incidence rates are observed in Trivandrum and its incidence has been increasing. Presently, it is the 5th common cancer among women in Trivandrum. The major factors include certain dietary practices and family history of cancer. Individuals with a family history of colon cancer, especially if more than one relative has had the disease, are at increased risk of CRC. Other common cancers in women are tobacco-related cancers such as oral cavity (lip, tongue and mouth) and lung. Declining trends in mouth cancer has been reported in India.Results on the burden, trends in incidence & mortality, risk factors of breast, cervix uteri, ovary and corpus uteri colo-rectal, lung and oral cavity cancers will be presented.
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Vithana, Palatiyana V. S. C., Dompeyalage S. A. F. Dheerasinghe, Hadagiripathira M. I. Handagiripathira, Shreeni Alahapperuma, Irosha Nilaweera, and Suraj Perera. "Sri Lankan Patterns of Female Cancers: Incidence and Mortality Over 1995-2010." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 6, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2021.6.1.27-33.
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Background: Neoplasms are the second leading cause of deaths in Sri Lanka. Present study analysed the trends in incidence and mortality of all cancers, breast cancer, cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers among Sri Lankan females over 1995-2010. Methods: Cancer incidence was obtained from national hospital-based cancer registries. Cancer mortality was abstracted from World Health Organization database and Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka. Number of new cases and deaths were obtained by five-year age group for all cancers by sex and breast, cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers for females. Particular cancer specific incidence and mortality rates were directly age-standardised to the Segi-Doll world standard population. Age-standardised incidence and mortality for young adults (20-34 years), adults (35-64 years) and older adults (over 64 years) by the type of the female cancer over 1995-2010 were calculated. Results: Age-standardised rates for incidence for all cancers among females rose from 63.3 to 87.5 per 100 000 population during 1995-2010 and its morality increased from 44.5 to 53.5 per 100 000 population. In spite of having similar trends in both sexes, cancer incidence among females remained higher while mortality persisted lower than males. Breast cancer was the commonest cancer among females with its incidence and mortality increasing through-out. Cervical cancer incidence increased during 1995-2000, declined slightly in 2005 and remained stable over 2006-2010.Cervical cancer mortality remained stable over 1995-1999, declined in 1999-2003, increased slightly throughout 2003-2006 and remained stable during 2007-2010. Ovarian cancer incidence remained stable over 1995-2010. Its mortality remained stable over 1995-2000, declined slightly during 2000-2003 and increased in 2003-2010. Uterine cancer incidence and mortality increased steadily throughout 1995-2010. For all these cancers, incidence and mortalityin 0-34 years remained low.Conclusions: Increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality among females over 1995-2010, directs the need of revisiting female cancer control programmes.
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Baba, Isa Abdullahi, and Evren Hincal. "Cancer Incidence in Nigeria and Border Countries." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.442.
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Many inequalities in cancer incidence exist between Nigeria and border countries. This information is absent or largely unavailable.
Benin, Cameroun, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria cover a population of more than 224,922,000. Globocan data base supplied incidence for 132,939cases of cancer for these countries. The prevalence of Bladder, Colorectum, Kaposi sarcoma, Larynx, Leukaemia, Lip, oral cavity, Liver, Lungwas estimated for the year 2012.The prevalence of Nasopharynx, Non – Hodgkin, Lymphoma, Pancrease, Prostrate, Stomach combined was also estimated for the same year.
The most common male cancer found in Nigeria and border countries is Prostate cancer, seconded by Liver. In this study also we found Breast cancer to be the most common in females, followed by Cervical Cancer. Larynx and Kaposi sarcoma are found to be the least common cancer for both males and females in the population.
In conclusion, the findings of this study gave lights to some guidelines to aid the design of cancer control programs in Nigeria and border countries. The spectrum of the cancers is dominated by the breast & Cervix uteri for females, while Prostate & Liver for males.
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Li, Jun, Joseph A. Djenaba, Ashwini Soman, Sun Hee Rim, and Viraj A. Master. "Recent Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence by Age, Cancer Stage, and Grade, the United States, 2001–2007." Prostate Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/691380.
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Objective. To examine prostate cancer trends by demographic and tumor characteristics because a comprehensive examination of recent prostate cancer incidence rates is lacking.Patients and Methods. We described prostate cancer incidence rates and trends using the 2001–2007 National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data (representing over 93% of US population). Because of coding changes in cancer grade, we restricted analysis to 2004–2007. We conducted descriptive and trend analyses using SEER*Stat.Results. The overall prostate cancer incidence rate was stable from 2001 to 2007; however, rates significantly increased among men aged 40–49 years (APC = 3.0) and decreased among men aged 70–79 years (APC = 2.3), and 80 years or older (APC = −4.4). About 42% of localized prostate cancers diagnosed from 2004 to 2007 were poorly differentiated. The incidence of poorly differentiated cancer significantly increased among localized (APC = 8.0) and regional stage (APC = 6.1) prostate cancers during 2004–2007.Conclusions. The recent trend in prostate cancer incidence was stable but varied dramatically by age. Given the large proportion of poorly differentiated disease among localized prostate cancers and its increasing trend in more recent years, continued monitoring of prostate cancer incidence and trends by demographic and tumor characteristics is warranted.
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Pang, Hee-Nee, and Chung-Ming Chen. "Incidence of Cancer in Nodular Goitres." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 36, no. 4 (April 15, 2007): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v36n4p241.
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Introduction: Nodular goitres occur commonly in the population and this paper aims to determine the incidence of thyroid cancer found in these goitres. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, consecutive analysis of the histology of 268 nodular goitres that had been operated on, from 2002 to 2004, in a single tertiary hospital in Singapore. Results: Fifty-seven goitres (21.2%) with multiple nodules were found to contain a malignancy. Forty-four thyroid cancers (77%) were of the papillary type. The mean age of presentation for benign nodular goitres was 47.9 years. The mean age of presentation for malignant thyroid tumours was 49.25 years. Conclusion: The incidence of cancer is significant in nodular goitres and these malignant tumours are usually of the papillary type. Key words: Goitres, Malignancy, Thyroid
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Kachuri, L., P. De, LF Ellison, and R. Semenciw. "Cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Canada, 1970–2007." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 33, no. 2 (March 2013): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.2.03.
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Introduction Monitoring cancer trends can help evaluate progress in cancer control while reinforcing prevention activities. This analysis examines long-term trends for selected cancers in Canada using data from national databases. Methods Annual changes in trends for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates between 1970 and 2007 were examined by sex for 1) all cancers combined, 2) the four most common cancers (prostate, breast, lung, colorectal) and 3) cancers that demonstrate the most recent notable changes in trend. Five-year relative survival for 1992–2007 was also calculated. Results Incidence rates for all primary cancer cases combined increased 0.9% per year in males and 0.8% per year in females over the study period, with varying degrees of increase for melanoma, thyroid, liver, prostate, kidney, colorectal, lung, breast, and bladder cancers and decrease for larynx, oral, stomach and cervical cancers. Mortality rates were characterized by significant declines for all cancers combined and for most cancers examined except for melanoma and female lung cancer. The largest improvements in cancer survival were for prostate, liver, colorectal and kidney cancers. While the overall trends in mortality rates and survival point to notable successes in cancer control, the increasing trend in incidence rates for some cancers emphasize the need for continued efforts in prevention.
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Shin, Hai Rim, Yoon Ok Ahn, Jong Myon Bae, Myung Hee Shin, Duk Hee Lee, Choong Won Lee, Hee Choul Ohrr, et al. "Cancer Incidence in Korea." Cancer Research and Treatment 34, no. 6 (December 31, 2002): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.405.
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Pinheiro, Thiago Cerizza, Maissa Marçola Scandiuzzi, André Afonso Nimtz Rodrigues, Fernando Antônio Maria Claret Alcadipane, Ricardo Iwakura, Bruno Vallim Monazzi, and Luiz Carlos Conti de Freitas. "Retrosternal Goiter – Cancer Incidence." Medicina (Ribeirao Preto. Online) 50, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v50i1p47-52.
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O bócio retroesternal é uma afecção rara da glândula tireóide, que acomete principalmente mulheres acima de 60 anos, caracterizada por tireóide aumentada de tamanho, peso e volume, que invade a cavidade torácica total ou parcialmente. A não realização do ato cirúrgico tem sido preconizada em alguns casos como forma alternativa de melhoria da qualidade de vida, sobretudo em pacientes idosos assintomáticos. Todavia, existe uma incidência de câncer nos bócios retroesternais, associado a um índice maior de complicações, que justifica a abordagem cirúrgica precoce, principalmente em pacientes jovens, mesmo que assintomáticos. Este trabalho resulta de um relato de caso e revisão de literatura, sobre bócio retroesternal e incidência de câncer em uma paciente de 62 anos, submetida a tireoidectomia total, com achados histopatológicos de pós operatório, de carcinoma papilífero, carcinoma folicular e adenoma folicular. Esses achados nos alerta para a possibilidade de incidência de câncer nesses pacientes, devendo ser aventado o tratamento cirúrgico precoce
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Lee, Yu-Sung, Chien-Chin Hsu, Shih-Feng Weng, Hung-Jung Lin, Jhi-Joung Wang, Shih-Bin Su, Chien-Cheng Huang, and How-Ran Guo. "Cancer Incidence in Physicians." Medicine 94, no. 47 (November 2015): e2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000002079.
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Hindle, I., and F. Nally. "Incidence of oral cancer." British Dental Journal 170, no. 12 (June 1991): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807580.
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Hulvat, Melissa C. "Cancer Incidence and Trends." Surgical Clinics of North America 100, no. 3 (June 2020): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.01.002.
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McCormick, J. "Incidence of breast cancer." BMJ 307, no. 6908 (October 2, 1993): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6908.870-d.
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Nannavecchia, Anna M., Ivan Rashid, Francesco Cuccaro, Antonio Chieti, Danila Bruno, Maria G. Burgio Lo Monaco, Cinzia Tanzarella, and Lucia Bisceglia. "Cancer incidence estimation method." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 26 (September 2017): S153—S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0000000000000374.
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Makimbetov, E. K. "Cancer incidence in Kyrgyzstan." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 16_suppl (June 2005): 9699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9699.
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Buck, Carol, and Allan Donner. "Cancer incidence in hypertensives." Cancer 59, no. 7 (April 1, 1987): 1386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19870401)59:7<1386::aid-cncr2820590726>3.0.co;2-b.
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Harwell, Todd S., Susan H. Miller, Debbi L. Lemons, Steven D. Helgerson, and Dorothy Gohdes. "Cancer Incidence in Montana." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30, no. 6 (June 2006): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.02.002.
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