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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer incidence'
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1
Hornsby, C. "The population incidence of cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14896/.
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In this thesis stochastic techniques are used in attempts to understand cancer risk, its relationship to patient age and genotype, as well as its distribution in human populations. The starting point for the thesis is the general observation that cancer incidence grows in approximate proportion to an integer power of age. Quasi-mechanistic mathematical models of cancer incidence have suggested that the integer power in a given case is related to the number of crucial cellular events that must occur for a malignant tumour to evolve from a healthy tissue. This idea and its limitations are explored. Further applications of cancer incidence models are then evaluated and developed. Specifically, a critical examination is presented of the notion that increases in risk associated with a particular predisposing germline gene mutation, can provide information about the disease-associated activity of that gene. Finally, there is a discussion of heterogeneity in liability to cancer. Methods for quantifying this heterogeneity and its effect on incidence patterns are investigated.
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Jégu, Jérémie. "Cancer ultérieur chez les survivants d'un premier cancer : incidence et impact sur la survie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ006/document.
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Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’étudier les tendances du risque de second cancer primitif (SPC) selon l’année de diagnostic d’un premier cancer des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS) dans le Bas-Rhin, de produire les premières estimations de l’incidence des SPC à l’échelle nationale en France et d’estimer la survie des patients atteints d’un cancer des VADS selon la présence d’antécédents de cancer. Ce travail a montré que : 1) L’excès de risque de SPC des VADS et de l’œsophage a diminué de 53% entre 1975 et 2006 dans le Bas-Rhin, mais que le risque de SPC du poumon est resté stable ; 2) Le risque de SPC en France est augmenté de 36% chez les patients atteints de cancer par rapport à la population générale ; 3) La survie des hommes atteints d’un cancer des VADS était fortement associée à la présence d’antécédents de cancer. Des perspectives se dégagent de ce travail en termes de recherche épidémiologique, de recherche clinique et de politiques de santé publiqueThe objectives of this PhD thesis were: to study the trends of the risk of second primary cancer (SPC) among patients with a head and neck (HNSCC) cancer in Bas-Rhin, to provide first nationwide estimates of the risk of SPC in France and to assess the survival of patients with a HNSCC depending on their history of cancer. This work showed that : 1) The excess risk of SPC of head and neck and esophagus sites decreased by 53% over three decades among patients with a HNSCC, and that the excess risk of SPC of the lung did not change significantly. 2) The risk of SPC among cancer survivors in France was increased by 36% compared to the general population. 3) History of cancer was strongly associated with survival among HNSCC patients. Several epidemiological and clinical research perspectives can be established based on this work. These results also present an interest in a public health perspective in the framework of the third cancer plan
3
Lepage, Côme. "Epidémiologie des cancers digestifs rares : incidence, tendances chronologiques, pronostic." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU01.
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L’objectif principal de ce travail était d’améliorer les connaissances épidémiologiques des tumeurs digestives rares jusqu’alors parcellaires puisque essentiellement basées sur des données hospitalières. Nous avons pu montrer qu’à l’image des autres cancers digestifs, leur incidence est en constante augmentation, et concernant adénocarcinomes de l’oesophage que cette hausse était en passe de devenir préoccupante. Ce travail réunit des données épidémiologiques sur les cancers digestifs rares à partir de bases de population qui pour la plupart étaient inexistantes. Ces données sont précieuses pour estimer la prise en charge médicale ou les besoins de surveillance de ces cancers, pour concevoir et analyser des enquêtes à visée étiologique, définir une politique de prévention et éventuellement de dépistage. Nous avons pu prouver que les données de registres avaient non seulement un intérêt dans l’étude des caractéristiques épidémiologiques des tumeurs digestives rares, mais qu’elles étaient incontournablesImportant changes have occurred in the epidemiology of rare digestive cancers. It is difficult to obtain unbiased data to study the epidemiology of those cancers. Population-based studies recording all cases in a well-defined population represent the only way to assess this disquieting situation. Thus the objective of this study was to examine trends in incidence prognosis and socio economical disparities to improve the epidemiological knowledge of these cancers. The prognosis in the general population is considerably worse than is often reported from small hospital case series. Early diagnosis is difficult: new therapeutic options appear to represent the best approach to improved prognosis. All cancers were characterised by a sharp increase of incidence over the past years, both by period and birth cohort, but the most important rise was for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Etiological studies still necessary to understand the reasons of such a rise
4
Seigneurin, Arnaud. "Evaluation du dépistage du cancer du sein par mammographie : estimation du surdiagnostic, de la participation des femmes après un résultat faux positifs et de l'incidence des cancers de l'intervalle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637175.
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L'intérêt du programme de dépistage du cancer du sein par mammographie résulte de la balance entre la réduction de la mortalité et les effets indésirables du programme. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer trois aspects du programme de dépistage dans le département de l'Isère. Nous avons utilisé une méthode Approximate Bayesian Computation pour estimer le surdiagnostic lié au dépistage par mammographie de cancers non évolutifs. Ils représentaient respectivement 1,5% (IC95% : 0,3% - 2,9%) et 28,0% (IC95% : 2,2% - 59,8%) des cancers invasifs et in situ diagnostiqués. Nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature des méthodes d'estimation du surdiagnostic et montré sur des données simulées que les méthodes basées sur les taux d'incidence annuels étaient les moins sensibles aux biais. Par ailleurs, l'incidence des cancers de l'intervalle était inférieure lorsque les mammographies étaient réalisées avec deux clichés par sein au lieu d'un seul, aussi bien à 12 que à 24 mois. Enfin, l'exclusion du diagnostic de cancer après la réalisation d'une imagerie supplémentaire, d'une biopsie ou un suivi radiologique diminuait la participation lors de la prochaine invitation au dépistage organisé. En conclusion, l'intérêt du programme de dépistage du cancer du sein par mammographie n'est pas remis en cause avec 1,4 décès évité pour un cancer surdiagnostiqué (in situ ou invasif).
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Burrus, Kimberly J. "Cancer incidence by immigrant status in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54683.
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Introduction:
Cancer differentially affects populations and geographical regions. Given the ethnic diversity and growing population of immigrants in Canada and British Columbia in particular, it is important to understand how the risk of cancer is distributed according to where in BC immigrants live, given that this population may experience distinct cancer risks.
Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to understand how cancer incidence rates in BC vary by the regional proportion of immigrants and to explore how these rates are associated with duration of residence (recent versus well established), age at immigration, and country of origin.
Methods:
Analyses were conducted using a dataset of adult incident cancers diagnosed in BC (2000 to 2009) collected by the BC Cancer Registry. Regional-level estimates of the proportion of immigrants, as well as the socioeconomic and ethnic profiles of the BC population, were obtained from the Statistics Canada 2006 Census (defined by Local Health Area) and linked to the Cancer Registry data. Poisson and Negative Binomial regression models were used to estimate the rate ratios (RR) of cancer incidence by proportion of immigrants.
Results:
Overall, regional immigrant density significantly predicted lower cancer incidence rates for all-cancers and the most common cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and lung. However, for less common cancers of the liver, stomach and pharynx, proportion of immigrants significantly predicted higher cancer risk. This association was seen for recent and established immigrants, although cancer rates were higher among established immigrants. The proportion of immigrants at a younger age at immigration and from European origin were associated with increased risk for all-cancers and common cancers, but decreased risk of less common cancers. The proportion of immigrants at an older age at arrival (particularly 45 years and older) and from Asian origin were associated with decreased all-cancer risk and the risk of common cancers, but increased risk of less common cancers.
Conclusion:
Regional-level concentration of immigrants predicted cancer incidence rates in BC. Regional data on cancer incidence is important for developing effective health promotion strategies and public health planning by various Local Health Areas and health authorities in BC.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Fink, Brian N. Gammon Marilie D. "Flavonoid intake and breast cancer incidence and survival." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1280.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Kim, Yo-Eun. "Geography of colo-rectal cancer : incidence and survival." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287101.
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Smith, Sarah Jane. "Cancer in Trent region : incidence, mortality and survival." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312199.
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Bedford, Ronald L. Field R. William. "Utility of death certificate data in predicting cancer incidence." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/336.
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Pham, Tu Lan. "Incidence des cancers dans les thromboses veineuses." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11068.
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Stenning, Persivale Karoline Andrea, Franco Maria Jose Savitzky, Alejandra Cordero-Morales, José Cruzado-Burga, Ebert Poquioma, Nava Edgar Díaz, and Edouardo Payet. "The mortality-incidence ratio as an indicator of five-year cancer survival in metropolitan Lima." Cancer Intelligence, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622636.
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Introduction: The Mortality–Incidence Ratio complement [1 – MIR] is an indicator validated in various populations to estimate five-year cancer survival, but its validity remains unreported in Peru. This study aims to determine if the MIR correlates directly with five-year survival in patients diagnosed with the ten most common types of cancer in metropolitan Lima. Materials and methods: The Metropolitan Lima Cancer Registry (RCLM in Spanish) for 2004–2005 was used to determine the number of new cases and the number of deaths of the following cancers: breast, stomach, prostate, thyroid, lung, colon, cervical, and liver cancers, as well as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and leukaemia. To determine the five-year survival, the five-year vital status of cases recorded was verified in the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC in Spanish). A linear regression model was used to assess the correlation between [1 – MIR] and total observed five-year survival for the selected cancers. Results: Observed and estimated five-year survival determined by [1 – MIR] for each neoplasia were thyroid (66.7%, 86.7%), breast (69.6%; 68%), prostate (64.3%, 63.8%) and cervical (50.1%, 58.5%), respectively. Pearson’s r coefficient for the correlation between [MIR – 1] and observed survival was = 0.9839. Using the coefficient of determination, it was found that [1 – MIR] (X) captures the 96.82% of observed survival (Y). Conclusion: The Mortality–Incidence Ratio complement [1 – MIR] is an appropriate tool for approximating observed five-year survival for the ten types of cancers studied. This study demonstrates the validity of this model for predicting five-year survival in cancer patients in metropolitan Lima.
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Coebergh, Johannes Wilhelmus Willebrordus. "Incidence and prognosis of cancer in the Netherlands studies based on cancer registries /." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10477.
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Smith, Elizabeth Brooks. "Skin cancer detection by oblique-incidence diffuse reflectance spectroscopy." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1047.
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Luo, Wei. "Cancer incidence patterns among Chinese immigrant populations in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ36715.pdf.
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Lundgren, Catharina Ihre. "Incidence and prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer in Sweden /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-577-1/.
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Nyberg, Ullakarin. "Mortality and cancer incidence following cerebral angiography with thorotrast /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-310-4.
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Brown, Terry P. "Mortality and cancer incidence among biological research laboratory workers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363929.
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Movahedi, Mohammad. "Socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer incidence by anatomical subsite." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413194.
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Zoltick, Emilie Sela. "Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors for Cancer Incidence and Survival." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32644537.
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Background: The association between meat consumption and breast cancer risk and the relationship between vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk have been examined in numerous studies, but questions still remain. For colorectal cancer survival, research into diet has been sparse.
Methods: Chapter one is a pooled analysis of 22 prospective cohort studies examining meat and egg consumption and breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate study-specific relative risks which were then pooled using random effects models. Chapter two is a pooled analysis of 17 prospective cohort studies in which the relationship between prediagnostic circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and colorectal cancer risk was explored using conditional logistic regression to calculate study-specific relative risks which were then pooled using random effects models. In Chapter three, the association between pre- and post-diagnosis sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and sugar intake and mortality among colorectal cancer patients was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks in two prospective cohort studies.
Results: There were no significant associations between red and processed meat, seafood, and egg consumption and breast cancer risk, regardless of hormone receptor status. For poultry intake, there was a marginally statistically significant increased risk of ER+ and ER+PR- breast cancers only. We found that 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, with significant decreased risks for levels beyond current recommendations. These inverse associations were stronger in women than men. Pre-diagnosis total fructose, glucose, sucrose, and added sugar intakes were positively associated with mortality, but no association was observed for SSBs. In post-diagnosis analyses, there were marginally significant increases in all-cause mortality with higher intakes of fructose and glucose only.
Conclusion: The results of the pooled analysis of meat and egg consumption and breast cancer risk provide some clarification on the inconsistent findings for these associations in individual studies, while the findings of the pooled analysis of 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer risk should be considered in developing public health guidelines on vitamin D. For colorectal cancer survival, future studies should explore pre- and post-diagnosis sugar intake and mortality.
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Bedford, Ronald L. "Utility of death certificate data in predicting cancer incidence." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/336.
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Benhamiche, Anne-Marie. "Épidémiologie descriptive des cancers digestifs : incidence, prévalence, tendances chronologiques." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU05.
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Par leur fréquence et leur gravité, les cancers digestifs posent un réel problème de santé publique. Le Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs a été crée avec l'idée que la recherche épidémiologique et la recherche en santé publique permettent de concevoir de nouvelles modalités de lutte contre ces cancers. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail est de souligner l'intérêt de l'épidémiologie descriptive. Les données collectées localement et dans le cadre du réseau FRANCIM ont modifié nos connaissances sur la fréquence des cancers digestifs qui reposaient auparavant sur les statistiques de mortalité. En France, le cancer colorectal se situe au premier rang des cancers, avec le cancer du sein. Le nombre estimé de nouveaux cas était de 33400 en 1995. L'estimation de l'incidence des cancers digestifs, à la fois sur le plan national et sur le plan régional fournit des données utiles aux décideurs sur la fréquence de ces cancers en France. L'estimation du risque cumulé de cancer colorectal dans les groupes à risque élevé (antécédants familiaux de tumeur colorectale) suggère des recommandations pratiques pour une stratégie de dépistage dans ces groupes. L'étude des tendances évolutives, fondées sur des techniques de modélisation tenant compte de l'âge, de la période de diagnostic et de la cohorte de naissance, permet une meilleure connaissance des variations temporelles et suggère des hypothèses sur le rôle des facteurs environnementaux ou alimentaires dans l'évolution de l'incidence. Au 31 décembre 1995, le nombre estimé de personnes ayant eu un cancer colorectal était de 186000. Ces données sont précieuses pour déterminer les besoins de prise en charge médicale ou de surveillance de ces cancers, concevoir et analyser des enquêtes à visée étiologique, définir ou évaluer une politique de prévention ou de dépistage.
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Brown, Antony Clark. "Multilevel regression modelling of melanoma incidence." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/265992.
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This thesis is concerned with developing and implementing a method for modelling and projecting cancer incidence data. The burden of cancer is an increasing problem for society and therefore, the ability to analyse and predict trends in large scale populations is vital. These predictions based on incidence and mortality data collected by cancer registries, can be used for estimation of current and future rates, which is helpful for public health planning. A large body of work already exists on the use of various modelling strategies, methods and fitting techniques. A multilevel method of preparing the data is proposed, fitted to historical data using regression modelling, to predict future rates of incidence for a given population. The proposed model starts with a model for the total incidence of the population, with each successive level stratifying the data into progressively more specific groupings, based on age. Each grouping is partitioned into subgroups, and each subgroup is expressed as a proportion of the parent group. Models are fitted to each of the proportional age-groups, and a combination of these models produces a model that predicts incidence for a specific age. A simple, efficient implementation of the modelling procedure is described, including key algorithms and measures of performance. The method is applied to data from populations that have very different melanoma incidence (the USA and Australia). The proportional structure reveals that the proportional age trends present in both populations are remarkably similar, indicating that there are links between causative factors in both populations. The method is applied fully to data from a variety of populations, and compared with results from existing models. The method is shown to be able to produce results that are reliable and stable, and are generally significantly more accurate than those of other models.
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Teppo, H. (Heikki). "Incidence, survival, diagnostic delays and prognostic factors in laryngeal cancer." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514271262.
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Abstract
Incidence trends of laryngeal cancer in Finland were analyzed, especially in relation to survival, in a patient series of 5766 patients diagnosed in 1956–1995 and identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. The age-adjusted incidence rate decreased from 6.5 to 3.5 per 100 000 person-years in males and remained unchanged among females. Only minor improvement occurred in survival. In a hospital-based material from Northern Finland (353 patients with laryngeal squamocellular carcinoma, LSCC, diagnosed in 1976–1995), the incidence among males decreased only for supraglottic cancer, diminishing the supraglottic to glottic incidence ratio from 1.4:1 to 0.5:1.
Evaluation of diagnostic delays and their impact on survival and risk of recurrence was undertaken in a sample of 66 LSCC patients. In only 38% of the patients was malignancy suspected at the initial visit to a physician; infection was the most common misdiagnosis (41%). Half of the first consultations resulted in referral, whereas 17% of the patients were neither referred nor controlled. The median patient delay was 2 months and median professional delay 3 months. The latter exceeded 12 months in 17% of the patients. The delays were not significantly related to any other clinical parameter, nor were they interrelated. Professional delay of 12 months or more resulted in increased relative hazard of death (HR = 4.74, p = 0.05), equalling the effect of advanced stage (stage IV).
One-third of the patients developed a recurrence. In univariate analysis, professional delay of 12 months or more increased the risk of local (p = 0.019) and neck (p = 0.019) recurrence. In a multivariate model, professional delay of 12 months or more indicated an adjusted relative hazard ratio (HR) of 4.6 for local recurrence (p = 0.02) and 9.5 for neck recurrence (p = 0.015).
Immunohistochemical factors p53, apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation were included in a multivariate model evaluating prognostic factors of LSCC in addition to clinical and sociodemographic factors. Advanced stage (stages III–IV) (relative hazard ratio of death (HR) 8.9, p = 0.01), supraglottic site (HR 5.6, p = 0.02) and high apoptotic index (≥ 0.3) (HR 11.1, p = 0.05) were the best indicators of impaired prognosis.
Professional delay and enhanced apoptotic rate could be helpful in selecting LSCC patients for more aggressive primary treatment.
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Mountford-Lister, Paul Graeme. "Plutonium exposure in utero : distribution, kinetics and resultant cancer incidence." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265699.
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Golden, Ann Maeve. "Psychological distress and cancer incidence in the Whitehall II study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401734.
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Ghazali, Anis Kausar. "Modelling of survival and incidence for colorectal cancer in Malaysia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/129777/.
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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 1.36 million new cases and 694,000 deaths recorded in 2012. This number is expected to increase by 80% reaching approximately 2.4 million cases in 2035, and contributing to 1.3 million deaths globally per year. In Malaysia, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer, in both men and women, behind lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women respectively. The most recent estimate gives the incidence of colorectal cancer in Malaysia as 21.3 cases per 100,000 population and 9.8 deaths per 100,000 population for the six years period reported between 2008 and 2013. The incidence of colorectal cancer is known to vary by place and by time period. However, most research on the spatial and variation in cancer incidence has taken place outside South East Asia, and such research on this is still scarce in Malaysia. The research presented in this thesis investigates individual factors affecting survival, and the spatial variation in incidence and survival of colorectal cancer in Malaysia. This has not been done before in Malaysia. There are three objectives addressed in this thesis: (1) to investigate the individual characteristics that affect survival of colorectal cancer in Malaysia, (2) to investigate and model the spatial variation of survival in colorectal cancer in Malaysia, (3) to investigate and model the spatial variation in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Malaysia. The research was involved 4412 of colorectal cancer patients in Malaysia with histologically verified primary colorectal cancer who were diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 (ICD-10, C18-C20), recorded in the database of National Cancer Patient Registry- Colorectal Cancer (NCPR-CC) Malaysia. We investigated the effect of individual characteristics such as age, gender, education as well as clinical characteristics such as cancer staging, cancer site and treatment modalities on survival prognosis after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer using a Cox regression model. The analysis was then been extended to model the spatial variation in survival for colorectal cancer patients in Malaysia, accounting for individual and socioeconomic characteristics using a spatial survival model. We then applied a Generalized Linear Mixed Effects model, which is derived from the log-Gaussian Cox Process, in order to model the incidence of colorectal cancer in Peninsular Malaysia. Our findings show that the severity of disease at diagnosis as measured by cancer staging, tumour grading and the presence of distant metastases, plays an important role in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer in Malaysia, and that this remains even after controlling for spatial correlation on space. Our research allows us to shows the geographical variation in survival of colorectal cancer in Malaysia, and what variation persists once individual and socioeconomic characteristics are taken into account. Our model that developed to predict the colorectal cancer incidence found that that some places had greater risk of an incidence exceeding the national average. The map for probability of exceedance relative risk of colorectal cancer incidence in the North West of Peninsular Malaysia shows variation in the risk for colorectal cancer cases across the region. We noted that town areas are highly likely to exceed the threshold of relative risk of increased number of colorectal cancer cases, and this effect is present even though we account for the additional population there. Spatial variation in survival and incidence of colorectal cancer in Malaysia needs to be investigated further. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research that uses spatial modelling to identify potential factors affecting the incidence and survival for colorectal cancer in Malaysia, as well as to map the risks in survival and incidence. Our findings can help public health authorities to plan better management of the resources used to prevent and treat this disease.
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Dyba, Tadeusz. "Precision of cancer incidence predictions based on poisson distributed observations." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/tilas/vk/dyba/.
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Thomas, Akesh, zainab Fatima, and Girendra resident Hoskere. "Lung Cancer in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/69.
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Introduction
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States (US). Tobacco smoking is a well-recognized cause of lung cancer. About 2% of the United States (US) population lives in Tennessee (TN). Nearly 21 % of TN adults are current smokers as per 2019 data, compared to 14% across the US. The percentage of smokers has historically been high in TN and its surroundings. This can be attributed to the area's socio-economic and cultural characteristics, along with large areas of tobacco farming in the region. This increases the risk of lung cancer in the TN population. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) is a collection of cancer registries across the US, covering about 35% of the US population (TN cancer registry is not a part of SEER). Our study compares lung cancer incidence and characteristics in the TN cancer registry with the SEER 18 registry.
Materials and Methods
Data were collected from the TN cancer registry and SEER separately for lung and bronchial cancer. Data was analyzed for different histological subtypes, age groups, gender, stage at diagnosis, and rural/urban residence. Stata and Microsoft Excel were used in data analysis. A Chi-square test was used to calculate the statistical significance.
Results
From 2008 to 2017, 58644 cases of lung cancer were reported in the Tennessee cancer registry. During the same period, 519112 cases were reported in the SEER registry. The most frequent histological subtype of lung cancer in TN and SEER was adenocarcinoma (frequency of 17,503 Vs. 182346), followed by squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Most cancers in TN and SEER were diagnosed at stage of distant metastasis (46% vs. 52% ), followed by regional metastasis, localized, and in situ (Image1). The frequency of lung cancer diagnosis was high among those older than 65 in TN and SEER (64% vs. 69%). Males had a higher incidence of lung cancer in both registries. Most lung cancers were reported in the urban area in both registries. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the most commonly reported secondary diagnosis (3,099), followed by pleural effusion in the TN database; the comparable data were not available in SEER. Relative survival at 12 months and five years for lung cancer in TN were 46.6 % and 19.5 % (Vs. 46.4% and 19.9% in SEER)
Discussion and Conclusion
If both registries were perfect, then lung and bronchial cancer incidence will be 9241 and 6048 per million in ten years in TN and SEER, respectively. But after careful analysis, we conclude that such analysis will be erroneous. The proportion of different histological types, stage at diagnosis, age groups, and gender were in the same order in both groups. Although chi-square test values are significant for all the variables, we infer no conclusion considering the data's inherent bias. Further in-depth analysis of the data is required.
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Wulaningsih, Wahyu. "Inflammation and breast cancer : clinical markers and impact on breast cancer incidence, severity and survival." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/inflammation-and-breast-cancer(d98e1522-bc00-488a-8010-33ba59ed4ee4).html.
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This thesis investigated whether inflammation is implicated in breast cancer aetiology and survival. For this purpose, circulating markers of inflammation and inflammatory clinical disorders were studied in relation to the risk, severity, and survival of breast cancer in a large Swedish cohort, the Apolipoprotein MORtality RISk Study (AMORIS), which includes >800,000 participants in Greater Stockholm area. Common inflammatory markers: serum C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin and white blood cells (WBC) were examined in relation to breast cancer risk and survival using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Proportional odds models were employed to assess these markers with regards to breast cancer severity. Systemic inflammation was shown to be weakly associated with breast cancer risk and survival. Allergy, which has been increasingly linked to cancer in part through inflammation, was also evaluated using serum allergen-specific IgE against inhalant allergens. Overall, serum specific IgE was inversely associated with the risk of cancer particularly in women. A similar but weaker trend was seen for breast cancer. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of inflammation and metabolic alterations in cancer, was studied in relation to cancer survival. Among breast cancer patients, women with higher serum LDH were associated with worse overall survival, suggesting its relevance in breast cancer growth and progression. Associations between components of metabolic syndrome, which has often been linked to inflammation, and breast cancer survival were evaluated using prediagnostic serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. In a competing risk analysis using latent class proportional hazard models, this association differed by patients characteristics, indicating a complex link where competing outcomes are involved. In summary, findings derived from this thesis contribute to a further understanding of the role of inflammation in breast cancer, and may provide directions towards future mechanistic and clinical research.
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Ndui, Mary K. "Epidemiology of oral cancer in South Africa 1996-2002." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8665_1367481245.
Full textAbstract:
Oral cancer is characterised by marked geographical differences in frequency and site preference as reported by various studies. In South Africa, a few studies have been reported on the patterns and aetiology of oral cancer, and age standardised incidence rates (ASIR). Studies in several countries have shown an increase in oral cancer incidence among younger people. Title:
Epidemiology of oral cancer in South Africa 1996-2002.
Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the age standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of oral cancer by age, gender, race
and site in South Africa for a consecutive period of seven years. Method: Pathology case records of oral cancer diagnosed over a seven-year period from 1996 to 2002 and reported to the National
Cancer Registry (NCR) were analysed for age, sex, race, and date of diagnosis, basis of diagnosis, topography and tumour type. The data was tabulated and categorised using Microsoft Excel. The South African population size for each year of the study was estimated by linear extrapolation using the 1996 and 2001 census results. Age standardisation incidence rates against the world
population were calculated by the standard direct method. Results: The total number of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases over the 7-year period was 9702. The majority of cases (34%) were
on the tongue. The male to female ratio was 1:3. The age standardized incidence rates in this study was lower among African women
(0.640 per 100000 per year) and the highest was 13.40 new cases per 100000 per year (coloured males). Lip cancer was highest among both males and females of the white population. The cumulative rate of developing oral cancer was 1:83 and 1:32 for males and females respectively.
31
Islam, KM Monirul. "Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality among the medicare population (1990-1997) /." Connect to text online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1093980347.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2005.[School of Medicine] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
32
Lavigne, Éric. "Cancer incidence, mortality, breast cancer detection and survival among Canadian women with bilateral cosmetic breast augmentation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29725/29725.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Objectifs : La popularité des implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques a rapidement augmentée dans les dernières décennies. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’évaluer l’incidence de cancer, la mortalité, la détection du cancer du sein ainsi que la survie au cancer du sein chez les femmes avec des implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques.
Méthodes : Cette thèse porte sur la deuxième phase d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective de 24 558 femmes ayant reçu des implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques dans les provinces de l’Ontario et du Québec entre 1974 et 1989. Ces femmes ont été comparées à un groupe de femmes ayant reçu une autre chirurgie esthétique (n = 15 893) ainsi qu’à des femmes de la population générale.
Résultats : Au cours d’un suivi moyen de 24,5 ans, des taux plus élevés de suicide ont été observés chez les femmes avec une augmentation mammaire comparativement aux femmes de la population générale (Rapport Standardisé de Mortalité (RSM) = 2,00, Intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95% = 1,66-2,41) ainsi qu’aux femmes avec une autre chirurgie esthétique (Rapport de taux (RT) de mortalité = 1,43, IC à 95% = 1,02-1,99). Les implants mammaires en position rétro-glandulaire étaient associés à un taux réduit de cancer du sein comparativement aux implants en position rétro-pectorale (RT d’incidence = 0,78, IC à 95% = 0,63-0,96). Un taux 7 fois plus élevé de cancer du sein a été observé (RT d’incidence = 7,36, IC à 95% = 1,86-29,12) dans les cinq premières années après la chirurgie pour les femmes ayant des implants en position rétro-glandulaire avec enveloppe au polyuréthane comparativement aux autres femmes ayant des implants en position rétro-glandulaire sans enveloppe au polyuréthane, mais le RT d’incidence diminuait par la suite (valeur p de tendance = 0,02). Les femmes avec des implants mammaires avaient un risque plus élevé d’avoir un stade avancé au diagnostique du cancer du sein (Rapport de Cote (RC) = 1,51, IC à 95% = 1,18-1,92) ainsi qu’une réduction de la survie spécifique au cancer du sein (RT de mortalité spécifique au cancer du sein = 1.38, IC à 95% = 1.08-1.75).
Conclusion : Les implants mammaires pour fins esthétiques sont associés à des risques pour la santé qui doivent être pris en considération. Davantage d’investigations sont nécessaires pour clarifier le risque de cancer associé aux implants au polyuréthane ainsi que par rapport au diagnostique et pronostic du cancer du sein chez ces femmes.Objectives: The popularity for cosmetic breast implants has been rapidly increasing in the past decades. The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate cancer incidence, mortality, breast cancer detection and survival following breast cancer diagnosis among women with cosmetic breast implants. Methods: This thesis is the second phase (follow-up) of a large Canadian retrospective cohort study of 24,558 women who received cosmetic breast implants between 1974 and 1989 in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. These women were compared to other cosmetic surgery women (n = 15,893) and the general female population. Results: Over an average 24.5 years of follow-up, augmented women have been shown to have elevated rates of suicide relative to women in the general population (Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.66-2.41) and compared to women seeking other cosmetic surgery (mortality Rate Ratio (RR) = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02-1.99). Subglandular implants were associated to a reduced rate of breast cancer compared to submuscular implants (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.96). We observed a 7-fold increased rate (IRR = 7.36, 95% CI = 1.86-29.12) of breast cancer in the first five years after the date of surgery for polyurethane-coated subglandular implant women compared to other women with subglandular implants without polyurethane coating, but this IRR decreased progressively over time (p value for trend = 0.02). Women who received cosmetic breast implants were also more likely to have an advanced stage at breast cancer diagnosis (Odds ratio = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.18-1.92) and to have poorer breast cancer-specific survival (Overall breast cancer-specific mortality hazard ratio: 1.38, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.75). Conclusion: Cosmetic breast implants are associated with health risks that need to be acknowledged. Further investigations are needed for clarifying the cancer risk associated with polyurethane implants and for pursuing investigations on breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis among these women.
33
Alzahrani, S. M. "Modelling and forecasting lung cancer incidence and mortality in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40702/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to forecast the rates of lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using data on lung cancer diagnosis between 1994 and 2009. Lung cancer data, including incidence and mortality, were obtained from Saudi Cancer Registry at the Ministry of Health. The Central Department of Statistics & Information at the Ministry of Planning also provided data on person characteristics, such as age, gender and ethnicity. These data serve as a basis for modelling the effect of gender, ethnicity, and age at diagnosis, and region on incidence and mortality. For comparison of incidence and mortality rates between region and over time, standardised rates are used in this thesis, based on a hypothetical standard population, in our case the world standard population. We use several modelling approaches. The first part of the analysis uses two approaches. The first approach concentrates on Box–Jenkins methodology, and the second approach uses dynamic regression modelling including both finite and infinite lag models to forecast lung cancer incident cases. The second part focuses on age-period-cohort modelling including both incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, and using two methodological approaches, namely spline functions and Bayesian dynamic models, for the incidence and mortality respectively. Lung cancer is rarely diagnosed in people under 30 years of age in Saudi Arabia, but incidence rises sharply thereafter peaking in the 65-69 years age group. Males have a 79% greater incidence rate of lung cancer than females across the entire dataset when adjusting for the other effects. The average age standardised incidence rate in 2009 was 3.8 per 100,000 population whereas the average age standardised mortality rate was 1.9 per 100,000 population in the same year. The highest number of cases of lung cancer were reported in the Western region at 187 and in Riyadh at 144 cases and the majority of cases were diagnosed in winter (December - March). The forecast incidence rate of lung cancer is expected to decrease in men but to increase in women over the next ten years. This is perhaps due to the increase in the proportion of female smokers. The male age standardised rate of lung cancer incidence is forecast to fall from 4.6 in 2010 to 2.4 per 100,000 by 2020, whereas the female age standardised rate is forecast to increase from 2.0 in 2010 to 2.2 per 100,000 by 2020. On the other hand, the overall mortality rate of lung cancer (with 95% credible interval shown) is forecast to increase to 2020 from 1.8 (1.61, 1.94) in 2010 to 3.04 (0.13, 5.94) per 100,000 population. Age has a strong association with lung cancer mortality, suggesting age-related causes such as accumulative exposures to smoking over time may be the main reason for increasing lung cancer mortality in Saudi Arabia. This is the first study to forecast lung cancer incidence and mortality in Saudi Arabia. It will help the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health to understand the rate of future lung cancer incidence and mortality and the overall effects of the population classes, and to plan healthcare provision accordingly. The data are limited because the Saudi Cancer Registry has only been in existence since 1992. Therefore, we can expect the precision of forecasts to improve as further data are collected.
34
Islam, K. M. Monirul. "Colorectal Cancer: Incidence and Mortality among The Medicare Population (1990-1997)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1093980347.
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Pearce, James R. "Exploring the incidence of lung cancer in small areas across Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7078.
Full textAbstract:
Lung cancer is one of the most important causes of 'avoidable deaths' globally and is responsible for approximately 900,000 deaths per year. However, lung cancer rates tend to be higher for males than for females and the disease also varies geographically, as rates are far higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. Scotland has the highest rate of lung cancer of any country where lung cancer data is available. However, explaining the spatial distribution of this disease is difficult because lung cancer has a number of known causes that operate at a range of different spatial scales. This is further complicated by the lag time between the period of exposure to a risk factor and the date of diagnosis. This thesis examines the causes of lung cancer across Scotland, using lung cancer registrations for the period 1988 to 1991. Exploratory methods are presented for examining the geographical distribution of the disease in small areas using methods of age-standardisation and cluster detection to identify areas with unusual rates. Estimates of the key risk factors potentially associated with lung cancer are calculated for the same small areas. These include estimates of smoking behaviour, air pollution levels in 1971 and 1991, radon gas potential, coal mining activity, quarrying activity and area deprivation. The risk factors are incorporated into a set of regression models to examine which factors are significant in explaining lung cancer incidence. Finally, the residual values derived from the optimum model of lung cancer incidence in Scotland are examined to identify areas where lung cancer incidence is particularly high and low. This study revealed that there were marked geographical differences in lung cancer rates, with higher rates in the large urban areas, especially Glasgow, and also the more deprived areas of Scotland. Smoking was consistently significant in explaining lung cancer incidence for all cohorts, types of lung cancer and urban-rural areas. The estimated air pollution levels in 1971 were also found to be significant, but the 1991 estimates were not. Exposure to radon was only significant in explaining lung cancer in the younger age groups. However, the coal mining and quarrying variables did not independently influence the incidence of the disease. Area deprivation and measure of urbanness both had a significant effect on lung cancer incidence in Scotland that was independent of the key risk factors. The analysis of the residual values showed that, having controlled for the key risk factors, lung cancer incidence is higher than expected in rural rather than urban areas.
36
Mai, Zhiming Jim, and 麦智明. "Incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and milk consumption : a worldwide ecological analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193839.
Full textAbstract:
Background:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in South Asia and North Africa. In recent years, NPC incidence is dramatically decreasing which cannot be explained by the current etiological factors. Moreover, milk consumption is promising as factor to be investigated and showed declining trend in worldwide. To our knowledge, there are no population level studies to examine the association between NPC and milk & dairy products consumption.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between NPC incidence and per capita consumption of milk at the population level.
Methods:
These were two types of ecological studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study). NPC incidence data were collected from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IX (1998-2002) and several population-based cancer registries. Data of per capita consumption of milk & dairy were obtained from Food Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Results:
In cross-sectional ecological study, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC is negatively associated with per capita consumption of milk & dairy products in 48 countries/ regions from 1961 to 2009. Moreover, in one-way sensitivity analysis, the result was consistent with the above. In longitudinal ecological study from around 1980 to 2009, ASIR of NPC (both genders) was negatively correlated with milk consumption per capita in Hong Kong and Singapore. The ASIR of NPC (both genders) was decreased with per capita consumption of milk from around 40 to 140 kg/capita/year in Hong Kong and Singapore. Further, such negative associations were found statistically significantly between NPC and milk consumption in Hong Kong after adjusting for HDI.
Conclusion:
Our study provided information on the protective association between NPC and milk & dairy products. Our ecological study shows that higher per capita consumption of milk & dairy products is associated with a lower risk of NPC development. However, our finding need to future confirm since there are major limitations on data and methods. Further research is needed for confirmation of the link between milk consumption and NPC.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
37
Jacqueline, Camille. "Communautés d’agents infectieux et incidence des cancers : le rôle de l’écologie du système immunitaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT066.
Full textAbstract:
Le cancer est un problème majeur en santé humaine représentant l’une des principales causes de décès dans le monde. Depuis le début du 20ème siècle, le parasitisme a émergé comme un facteur déterminant pour expliquer la vulnérabilité face au cancer, avec un nombre croissant d’agents infectieux reconnus comme oncogènes. En parallèle, les virus oncolytiques ont attiré une attention considérable pour leur intérêt thérapeutique. Cependant, le rôle des autres agents infectieux dans le développement du cancer est resté largement inexploré même s’ils sont l’un comme l’autre soumis aux pressions du système immunitaire. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse a été d’évaluer l’implication des communautés d’agents infectieux, non-oncogènes et non-oncolytiques, dans le processus cancéreux. Grâce à un modèle de tumeur chez la drosophile, nous avons pu démontrer que les infections sont capables de modifier l’équilibre du système immunitaire avec des conséquences significatives sur l’accumulation des cellules cancéreuses. Considérant que les humains sont exposés à de nombreuses infections de manière successive ou concomitante au cours de leur vie, nous avons pu montrer que l’histoire personnelle d’infection module le risque cancéreux via les perturbations continues qu’elle inflige au système immunitaire. Enfin, les résultats obtenus par l’analyse de jeux de données à l’échelle mondiale suggèrent que les agents infectieux sont également capables d’altérer l’incidence des cancers d’origine infectieuse en interagissant avec les agents oncogènes au sein des communautés infectieuses. À la lumière des interactions réciproques entre infections et cancer, il semble indispensable d’évaluer la pertinence des nouvelles approches de lutte contre le cancer dans le contexte des maladies transmissiblesCancer represents a huge public health issue as a major cause of death worldwide. Since the beginning of the 20th century, parasitism has emerged as a fundamental mechanism for cancer causation with a growing number of infectious agents recognized as oncogenic. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses have also attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor control. Nevertheless, the role of other infectious agents in cancer development has been largely neglected even if they are both exposed to immune system pressures. Thus, the main objective of this PhD was to evaluate the implication of infectious communities, formed by non-oncogenic and non-oncolytic agents, in carcinogenesis. Using a drosophila tumor model, we demonstrated that infections are able to jeopardize immune system responses in a way that significantly impacts cancer cell accumulation. Considering that humans are exposed to a myriad of infectious agents both successively and concomitantly throughout their lives, we have shown that personal history of infection can alter cancer risk through continuous perturbations of the immune system. Finally, results obtained from the analysis of worldwide databases have suggested that infections are able to mold population-level incidences of cancers with an infectious origin, through their interactions with oncogenic agents in infectious communities. In light of the reciprocal interactions between cancer and infections, new anit-cancer therapeutic strategies should be evaluated in the context of co-occurring transmissible diseases
38
Aa, Maaike Anne van der. "Variation in incidence and outcome of cervical cancer in the Netherlands studies based on cancer registry data /." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/11129.
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Abram, Muhammed Hanif. "The incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in South Africa for the five year period 1997-2001." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24655.
Full textAbstract:
The National Cancer Registry (NCR) of South Africa publishes pathology-based cancer incidence in the country and is the main cancer data source. The data published by the NCR have been used extensively in the development of the draft national guidelines for cancer prevention and control as well as for cancer research. The list of contributing pathology laboratories is fairly inclusive. As far as Oral Cancer is concerned, the Department of Oral Pathology, University of Limpopo, has however not submitted data to the NCR. It is therefore reasonable to assume that because of this, a large proportion of histologically diagnosed oral cancers are not reflected in the NCR. Materials and methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry and the University of Limpopo, Department of Oral Pathology for the five years 1997-2001 were combined and then filtered for sites in the oral and oropharyngeal region. Age- Standardised Incidence Rates (ASIR) and the Cumulative Lifetime Risk (LR) for males and females in the different population groups were determined. Conclusion: It is possible that the total ASIR for oral and oropharyngeal cancer has increased in South Africa. The incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in individuals below the age of 45 years in South Africa is higher than the global average.Dissertation (MChD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Oral Pathology and Oral Biology
unrestricted
40
Bencheikh, Meryem. "Pertes d'hétérozygotie dans les cancers du sein : incidence et corrélations avec d'autres altérations génomiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20065.
Full textAbstract:
Le processus de tumorigenese est un processus multietapes. Dans le cancer du sein les alterations les plus frequentes sont les pertes d'heterozygotie (loh) et les amplifications geniques, deux phenomenes interpretes comme l'inactivation d'un antioncogene et l'activtion d'un oncogene. Ce travail presente l'etude des lohs dans une serie de 191 tumeurs du sein, deja analysees pour l'amplifiction genique en 5 loci. Les bras 1p, 1q, 3p, 11p, 13q, 17p, et 18q, cibles pour d'eventuels antioncogenes, ont tous presente des pertes d'alleles, allant de 3. 5 a 27%. Les analyses statistiques ont revele 4 sous-groupes tumoraux: les lohs en 1p et en 17p, les lohs en 11p et en 17p, les lohs en 11p et l'amplification du gene erbb2, et les lohs en 17p et l'amplification du gene flg. Aucun de ces sous-groupes n'a presente d'association avec les parametres cliniques, pouvant definir une population tumorale de phenotype agressif, a valeur pronostique dans le cancer du sein. Il n'y a pas non plus decorrelations entre les lohs en 17p et les mutations du gene p53 observees dans un sous-groupes de 96 tumeurs. Les anomalies que nous observons dans notre serie de tumeurs suggerent toutefois qu'elles pourraient cooperer et favoriser la progression tumorale dans le cancer du sein
41
Fulton-Kehoe, Deborah. "Use of antidepressant medications in relation to the incidence of breast cancer /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10941.
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Wevers-Carroll, Marieke. "Organochlorine exposure and the relationship to breast cancer incidence in Ontario women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ43236.pdf.
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Chaudhry, Munaza Rubee. "Cancer incidence, mortality and survival among status Indians in Ontario, 1968-1991." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ40708.pdf.
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Shi, Fan. "Cancer incidence and survival patterns among Chinese immigrants in the United States." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ58504.pdf.
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45
Dorant, Elisabeth. "Onion and leek consumption, garlic supplement use and the incidence of cancer." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6525.
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Seliske, Patrick. "Forestry pesticide spraying and cancer incidence in New Brunswick : an ecological study." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74248.
Full textAbstract:
The human health risk associated with exposure to pesticide formulations applied to New Brunswick forests was examined for 31 sites of cancer, using measures of exposure based on the proximity of non-city population centers to spray areas.Two organochlorine and two organophosphate exposure indices were developed by using maps of areas sprayed each year during the period 1952 to 1976. These data were analyzed in relation to cancer incidence rates during the period 1977-l980 for 254 New Brunswick municipalities.
Follow-up case-control studies of the cancer sites considered does not seem to be a matter of high priority at present. However, continued surveillance and data analysis involving more recent data is needed, particularly in the case of organophosphate formulations, due to the relatively short interval between exposure and outcome ascertainment for this exposure.
47
Grönberg, Henrik. "Prostate cancer : epidemiological studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Onkologi, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96894.
Full textAbstract:
Prostate cancer is a large and increasing medical problem both in Sweden and in the rest of the developed world, with about 300.000 new cases diagnosed world wide annually. Despite the high incidence of this disease, little is known about the aetiology of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to try to understand more about the natural history and to find possible a etiological risk factors for this tumour. In a population based study of prostate cancer cases in northern Sweden it was found that the large increase in prostate cancer during the last two decades was mainly caused by well (Gl) and moderately (G2) differentiated tumours. However, the incidence of poorly differentiated (G3) tumours remained unchanged. The introduction of new diagnostic methods is the most plausible explanation for the increase of these low grade tumours. The relative survival in prostate cancer was found to be independent of patient age at diagnosis, indicating that tumour proliferation and the aggressiveness of this disease is equal in all ages. However, due to the increasing occurrence of concurrent diseases with growing age the number of lost years caused by prostate cancer decreases dramatically in older age groups. The overall cause specific mortality for prostate cancer was found to be around 50%. In accordance with most other cancer tumours, the annual mortality rate decreased with longer survival also for prostate cancer patients. In a study from the Swedish Twin Register it was found that the proband concordance rates for prostate cancer were 4,5 time greater among monozygotic compared to dizygotic twins. In a large nation-wide cohort study of men who had a father with prostate cancer, the overall standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.70 for prostate cancer. Younger age at diagnosis among the fathers were associated with an increased risk among sons. This cohort study and the twin study indicates that both inherited and familial factors are of importance in a subgroup of prostate cancer patients. In a prospective case-control study, both a high body mass index (BMI) and a high food intake were found to be independent risk factors for prostate cancer. Both BMI and a high food intake might be indicators of a high fat diet, which so far is the most consistent exogenous risk factor for prostate cancer. The use of tobacco or alcoholic beverages were not associated with prostate cancer risk.Härtill 5 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
48
Kwan, Tsui-ying, and 關翠瑩. "Are colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy effective in reducing the mortality and incidence of colorectal cancer in colorectal cancer screening?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206954.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is usually asymptomatic until later stage and the 5-year survival for stage III or IV are 68% and 10 % because of delayed diagnosis. Worldwide, it is the 4th leading cause of death among cancers which accounted for 694,000 deaths in 2012. While healthy diet and lifestyle helps prevent colorectal cancer, increased surveillance through screening has been suggested to attribute to the decreasing trend of colorectal cancer incidence in the United States in the past decade. Identifying what type of colorectal cancer screening methods is more effective is of public health relevance to Hong Kong where colorectal cancer ranks the top leading cancer.
OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematically review on current literatures to examine whether endoscopy screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is more effective for reducing the mortality and incidence of colorectal cancer than no screening as many colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps, which polypectomy is hypothesized to be protective. Meanwhile, different countries adopt different kinds of colorectal cancer screening modalities, but yet, there is no agreement for the types of screening.
METHODS: Four databases, Medline (OVIDSP), Pubmed, CINAHL plus (EBSCOhost), Embase (OVIDSP) were used to search for published journals. Reference list of the identified articles were screened for more relevant studies.
RESULTS: A total of 8 studies were included in this systematic review. There were only 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on screening for colorectal cancer using flexible sigmoidoscopy in asymptomatic and average-risk people and no RCT was found for colonoscopy. Based on the studies reviewed, findings were inconsistent on whether endoscopy screening is more effective in reducing overall colorectal cancer incidence and mortality than no screening. Endoscopy screening, either sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy was associated with lower incidence of distal colorectal cancer.
CONCLUSION: Screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is not clearly associated with lower overall colorectal cancer risks based on current systematic review. Randomized controlled trials or retrospective cohorts are required to clarify the effectiveness of endoscopy screening before considering the implementation of population-wide colorectal cancer screening.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
49
TOUILLON, ANVARI NASSIME. "Incidence des cancers digestifs en saone-et-loire (1982-1992)." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM108.
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Luizaga, Carolina Terra de Moraes. "Estimativa da incidência de câncer nas redes regionais de saúde e municípios do estado de São Paulo, 2010." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-11042016-145243/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Estatísticas sobre a ocorrência de casos novos de câncer são fundamentais para o planejamento e monitoramento das ações de controle da doença. No estado de São Paulo, a incidência de câncer é obtida indiretamente por meio de estimativas oficiais (para o estado como um todo e sua capital) e, de forma direta, em municípios cobertos por Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP). Existem, atualmente, três RCBP ativos (São Paulo, Jaú e Santos), um inativo (Barretos) e um em reimplantação (Campinas). Dado o desconhecimento do panorama da incidência de câncer em áreas não cobertas por RCBP, este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a incidência de câncer, calcular taxas brutas e padronizadas por idade, específicas por sexo e localização primária do tumor para as 17 Redes Regionais de Atenção à Saúde (RRAS) de São Paulo e municípios, em 2010. Método: Utilizou-se como estimador da incidência de câncer a razão Incidência/Mortalidade (I/M), por sexo, grupo etário quinquenal dos 0 aos 80 anos e localização primária do tumor. O numerador da razão foi formado pelo número agregado de casos novos entre 2006-2010, em dois RCBP ativos (Jaú e São Paulo, respectivamente, com cobertura correspondente a 0,3 por cento e 27,3 por cento da população estadual). No denominador, o número de óbitos oficial nas respectivas áreas e período. O número estimado de casos novos resultou da multiplicação das I/M pelo número de óbitos por câncer registrados em 2010 para o conjunto de municípios formadores de cada uma das RRAS ou para cada município. O método de referência foi aquele utilizado no Globocan series, da Agência Internacional de Pesquisa contra o Câncer. O ajuste por idade das taxas de incidência ocorreu pelo método direto, tendo como padrão a população mundial. Resultados: Estimaram-se 53.476 casos novos de câncer para o sexo masculino e 55.073 casos para o feminino (excluindo-se os casos de câncer de pele não melanoma), com taxas padronizadas de 261/100.000 e 217/100.000, respectivamente. No sexo masculino, a RRAS 6 apresentou para todos os cânceres a maior taxa de incidência padronizada (285/100.000), e a RRAS 10, a menor (207/100.000). Os cânceres mais incidentes em homens foram próstata (77/100.000), cólon/reto/anus (27/100.000) e traqueia/brônquio/pulmão (16/100.000). Entre as mulheres, as taxas de incidência padronizadas por idade foram de 170/100.000 (RRAS 11) a 252/100.000 (RRAS 07); o câncer de mama foi o mais incidente (58/100.000), seguido pelos tumores de cólon/reto/anus (23/100.000) e de colo uterino (9/100.000). Conclusões: Os resultados apontaram diferentes padrões de incidência com taxas que ultrapassaram a magnitude estadual. Dados provenientes de RCBP locais podem ser usados na obtenção indireta de estimativas regionais e locais. Neste estudo, as taxas de incidência apresentadas podem estar sub ou superestimadas refletindo a qualidade, completitude e padrões observados no RCBP de maior representatividade considerado na análise.Introduction: Statistics on the occurrence of new cases of cancer are fundamental to the planning and monitoring of control measures. In Sao Paulo state, Brazil, cancer incidence can be obtained by the official estimates for the state as a whole and the capital and in municipalities covered by Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR). The currently panorama of PBCR in Sao Paulo includes three active registries, one retired and one in re-deployment. Given the unknown cancer incidence in areas not covered by PBCR, this study aimed to estimate cancer incidence (standardized incidence rates = SIR) according to gender, age group and tumor type for 17 Regional Networks of Health Care (RNHC) and municipalities in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2010. Methods: We used as estimator the Incidence:Mortality ratio (I:M) adjusted for sex, five-year age group (0-80 years) and primary tumor site. The ratio numerator was composed by the aggregated number of new cases diagnosed in 2006-2010 in two active PBCR, Jau and Sao Paulo, covering 0.3 per cent and 27.3 per cent of the state population, respectively, while the denominator was the official number of cancer deaths in the same areas and period. The estimated number of incident cases resulted from the multiplication of I:M by the number of deaths registered in 2010 for the set of municipalities that compose the region or for each local area. The reference method was the one used in Globocan series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Results: We had estimated a total of 53,476 new cases of cancer for males and 55,073 cases for females (excluding non melanoma skin cancers) in the state of São Paulo, corresponding to standardized rates (world population) of 261/100,000 and 217/100,000, respectively. Among males, RNHC-6 presented the highest standardized incidence rate of all cancers (285/100,000) and the RNHC-10, the lowest (207/100,000). Most frequent tumor sites in men were: prostate (SIR=77/100,000), colorectum/anus (SIR=27/100,000) and trachea/bronchus/lung (SIR=16/100,000). Among women, rates for all cancers excluding non-melanoma skin varied from 170/100,000 (RNHC-11) to 252/100,000 (RNHC-7); breast cancer was the most incident cancer site (SIR=58/100,000), followed by colorectum/anus (SIR=23/100,000) and cervix (SIR=9/100,000). Conclusions: Our results showed different patterns of regional incidence with rates that often exceeded the values presented for the state. Data from local PBCR can be used to obtain regional and local estimates. However, the estimated rates may be under- or overestimated reflecting the quality, completeness and the patterns observed in the most representative registry used in the analysis.