Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer identity'
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Masson, Sarah Jane. "Identity, meaning making and cancer survivorship." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15372.
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Purpose: Many lives are affected by cancer. The number of people in England who have had a diagnosis of cancer exceeds one million. Previous research shows that one third of patients have unmet needs post-discharge from cancer treatment, including psychological issues such as negative impacts on self-identity and a lack of meaning in life. Studies have identified identity as an important factor in meaning making, but evidence regarding cancer’s impact on identity is limited to specific cancer sites and specific identity roles. Little is known about cancer’s general impact on global identity or how threats to identity relate to meaning making. The aim of this study was to understand patients’ experiences of cancer’s impact on their identity and what sense they made of these experiences. Methods: Twelve participants in the post-treatment phase of cancer shared their experiences in individual semi-structured interviews. Key themes regarding identity and meaning making in the post-treatment phase were identified using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results and Conclusions: Four key themes in the participants’ experiences were identified. These were 1) disrupted identity roles, 2) highlights what is important, 3) focused on priorities, and 4) reducing awareness of loss and uncertainty. Relevant literature and implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Ng, Tsz-yin Carina. "Illness, ideology, and identity the "pregnancy" of cancer /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38671074.
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Ng, Tsz-yin Carina, and 伍紫燕. "Illness, ideology, and identity: the "pregnancy" of cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38671074.
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Palmer-Wackerly, Angela Lynn. "Illness Identity, Social Support, and Cancer Treatment Decision-Making." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1434452561.
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van, Willigen Marieke Minke. "Collective identity and activist strategies in the breast cancer movement." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382032315.
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Duvall, Kathryn L., Kelly A. Dorgan, and Sadie P. Hutson. "Personal Identity Changes of Female Cancer Survivors in Southern Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1228.
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Navigating personal identity changes through the cancer journey can be challenging, especially for women in a culture that places emphasis on traditional gender roles and values close-knit families. Drawing on a story circule approach, this study examined the intersecting identities of female cancer survivors in southern Appalachia. Stories of 29 female Appalachian cancer survivors from Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia were collected via a mixed methods approach in either a day-long story circule (N-26) or an in-depth interview (N=3). Transcripts from both phases were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim; NVivo 8.0 facilitated qualitative content analysis of the data. Inductive analysis revealed that women in this study appeared in struggle with (1) maintaining place in the family, (2) mothering, and (3) navigating physical changes. Ideas of family versus self appeared to overlap and intertwine with how women in Appalachia navigate personal identify changes through the cancer journey.
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Mourão, Larissa. "Unravelling the identity and fate of Notch1-expressing cells within intestinal tumours." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066586/document.
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Stem cells and cancer are inextricably linked and many tumours, including colorectal cancers, contain a small population of self-renewing cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), able to give rise to proliferating but progressively differentiating cells that contribute to the cellular heterogeneity typical of solid tumours. Thus, the identification of CSCs and the factors that regulate their behaviour should have a profound impact on cancer treatment. Notch signalling controls the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells in several tissues, including the intestine, where it is essential for stem cells maintenance. Based on these premises, my work was aimed at identifying and characterising the cells that express the Notch1 receptor in intestinal tumours in vivo, with the objective of getting insights into the cellular hierarchy of colon cancer cells. We found that the Notch1 receptor is expressed in rare undifferentiated tumour cells that present self-renewal and multipotency in vivo, as they indefinitely give rise to marked differentiated tumour cells and fuel tumour growth. Our analysis on the transcriptomic profile of these cells confirmed our in vivo observations that Notch1+ tumour cells represent a specific population of highly proliferative tumour cells, expressing several, but not all, known markers of normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Indeed, their transcriptional signature highly correlates with normal ISCs. Given that the tumour cells we characterised appear not to carry Apc mutations, we hypothesise that during the earlies steps of tumourigenesis, normal Notch1+ ISCs are engulfed within the nascent tumour (in aberrant hyperproliferative crypts) and are able to grow and expand within this new ecosystem, as they are supported by extrinsic secreted growth factors from the neighbouring mutant cells. The concept that normal ISCs might contribute to tumour expansion highlights the complications that patients can encounter during treatment, since these cells share many features with their wild-type counterparts, making therapy deleterious to normal ISCsLes cellules souches et le cancer sont inextricablement liés et de nombreuses tumeurs, y compris les cancers colorectaux, contiennent une petite population de cellules auto-renouvelables, appelées cellules souches cancéreuses (CSCs), capables de donner naissance à des cellules proliférantes mais progressivement différenciatrices qui contribuent à l'hétérogénéité cellulaire typique des tumeurs solides. Ainsi, l'identification des CSC et des facteurs qui régissent leur comportement devrait avoir un impact profond sur le traitement du cancer. Notch signale le contrôle le maintien et la différenciation des cellules souches dans plusieurs tissus, y compris l'intestin, où elles sont essentielles au maintien des cellules souches. Sur la base de ces prémisses, mes travaux visaient à identifier et caractériser les cellules qui expriment le récepteur Notch1 dans les tumeurs intestinales in vivo, dans le but de mieux comprendre la hiérarchie cellulaire des cellules cancéreuses du colon. Nous avons constaté que le récepteur Notch1 s'exprime dans de rares cellules tumorales indifférenciées qui se renouvellent et se multiplient in vivo, car elles donnent lieu indéfiniment à une différenciation marquée des cellules tumorales et à une croissance tumorale. Notre analyse du profil transcriptomique de ces cellules a confirmé nos observations in vivo selon lesquelles les cellules tumorales Notch1+ représentent une population spécifique de cellules tumorales hautement prolifératives, exprimant plusieurs marqueurs connus, mais pas tous, des cellules souches intestinales normales (CSI). En effet, leur signature transcriptionnelle est fortement corrélée avec les CSI normaux. Étant donné que les cellules tumorales que nous avons caractérisées ne semblent pas être porteuses de mutations Apc, nous supposons que durant les premières étapes de la tumorigénèse, les CSI normales Notch1+ sont englouties dans la tumeur naissante (dans des cryptes hyperprolifératives aberrantes) et sont capables de croître et de s'étendre dans ce nouvel écosystème, car elles sont soutenues par les facteurs de croissance extrinsèques des cellules mutantes voisines. Le concept selon lequel les CSI normaux pourraient contribuer à l'expansion tumorale met en évidence les complications que les patients peuvent rencontrer pendant le traitement, puisque ces cellules partagent de nombreuses caractéristiques avec leurs homologues de type sauvage, ce qui rend le traitement délétère pour les CSI normaux
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Soltermann, Tanya C. "Emergence of a Cancer Identity in Emerging Adulthood: Weblogs as Illness Narratives." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30653.
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The focus of this research is on the specific relational and particular circumstances that result in an emerging cancer identity expressed through the daily lived- experiences of emerging adults via personal weblogs. Identity, a complex term in its own right, is discussed here under the rubric of social identity as processual, therefore it is expected that an emerging cancer identity will develop as the participants begin to narrativize their daily experiences with cancer on their weblogs. By critically engaging with notions of emerging adulthood theories with theories on the sociology of death and dying and illness narratives, this research seeks to understand the specific psychosocial changes that occur as the participants engage with their illness on their weblogs, which arguably contributes to an emerging cancer identity.
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Duvall, Kathryn L. "Surviving Cancer in Appalachia: A Qualitative Study of Family Cancer Communication and Changing Personal Identities Through the Cancer Journey." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1677.
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The Appalachian region is known for its beautiful mountains, close-knit communities, and health care disparities including higher rates of cancer and premature mortality. Being diagnosed with cancer in the region may present a unique experience for survivors in regards to family cancer communication and changing personal identities. In a multiphasic study, the stories of 29 female Appalachian cancer survivors were collected through either a day-long modified story circle event (n=26) or an in-depth interview (n=3). Qualitative content analysis was used to identify emergent themes in the data. The analysis revealed 5 types of family cancer communication and five barriers to family cancer communication. The analysis additionally revealed the identity struggle women experience between maintaining traditional Appalachian gender roles and surviving cancer. These findings suggest that female Appalachian cancer survivors appear to have additional challenges that may make the cancer experience in Appalachia unique.
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Reiter, Paul Lawrence. "Appalachian Self-Identity, Cervical Cancer Screening, and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Women in Ohio Appalachia." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1210958568.
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Prinsloo, Erna Louisa. "From victims to warriors: collective identity construction at cancer movement assemblies in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16684.
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Includes bibliographical referencesInterest in this topic was awakened by the rapid growth of Relay For Life in South Africa and its striking ability to bond people during mass cancer gatherings. Questions were raised about the generation of collective identities during these assemblies, the nature of the activated identities, and how these relate to the broader debates about cancer and identity. This inquiry investigates the unexplored intersection of cancer and identity in the context of a burgeoning solidarity movement that has found a strong following countrywide. A contemporary hermeneutic perspective allowed a dual focus on the micro-sociological dimensions and the structural elements that converge to generate collective identities at assemblies. A theoretical scheme was synthesized out of the work of theorists who deal with collective identity, spaces set aside for people in crisis, social interaction during focused gatherings and illness narratives. A non-comparative case study was used to investigate the phenomenon at 20 cancer assemblies. Short-term ethnography, focus group interviews, photographs and YouTube videos provided the data that was analysed using the hermeneutic circle of interpretation. The findings showed that personal illness identities and situation-specific role identities interact with a potent cocktail of elements - ephemeral space, a shared focus on cancer, collective action, illusion and emotions - to activate three symbolic identities: a dominant collective identity that relies on heroic warrior mythology, a secondary collective identity that draws upon a transformation ideal, and a hidden identity which has its roots in the notion of being wounded. It is argued that assemblies rely on a dominant collective identity which is symbolic in nature and imposed on participants by the cancer movement. Participants are portrayed as positive, hopeful heroic warriors tasked with vanquishing cancer. Although ubiquitous at cancer assemblies, the dominant collective identity is nevertheless sufficiently fluid to allow a measure of hybridization, inversion and contestation. This inquiry gives credence to other work on cancer and identity which recognizes that the dominant identity provides benefits not offered by a victim representation. It also expresses reservations about the wisdom of expecting affected people to maintain a brave exterior in the face of an illness that causes emotional disequilibrium.
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Furlan, Giacomo. "Deciphering changes in cellular identity during development, reprogramming and oncogenesis." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1309.
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Dans la conception classique du développement, les changements d'identité cellulaire ne se produisent que pendant la différenciation. Durant ce processus, la cellule souche pluripotente, une cellule capable de former l’organisme tout entier, se différencie finalement en cellules somatiques spécifiées. Cette différenciation s'accompagne toujours d'une perte croissante de plasticité cellulaire, qui est la capacité à donner naissance à multiples types de cellules, et l'acquisition de caractéristiques spécifiques typiques de la nouvelle cellule. Les nouvelles avancées de la biologie du développement ont prouvé le contraire, en montrant que les cellules plus avancées dans le développement peuvent revenir à des états moins différenciés. Dans le compartiment pluripotent de l'embryon, les cellules les plus engagées peuvent revenir à des états plus naïfs. Notamment, les processus sont convertibles, ce qui montre la plasticité du processus de différenciation. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai identifié le ligand Nétrine-1 et ses récepteurs Neo-1 et Unc5-b comme nouveaux régulateurs des états naïfs. De plus, une cellule somatique différenciée peut réacquérir la plasticité cellulaire et revenir à l'état pluripotent, donnant naissance à des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (CSPi) ou, dans un contexte pathologique, la réacquisition de la plasticité peut précéder la transformation maligne et la formation de cancers. En tant que deuxième projet de ma thèse, j'ai identifié l'axe c-Myc / Atoh8 / Wnt comme une voie d'orchestration de la génération des CSPi et de la transformation maligne des CSPiIn the classical view of development, changes of cellular identity take place only during differentiation. In this process, the pluripotent stem cell, a cell capable of forming the whole organism, differentiates ultimately in specified somatic cells. This differentiation is always accompanied by an increasing loss of cellular plasticity, which is the ability to give rise to multiple cell type, and acquisition of specific features and characteristics typical of the new cell. New advances in the developmental biology proved this wrong, showing that cells more advanced in the developmental path can revert to less differentiated states. Already in the pluripotent compartment of the embryo, cells more committed can go back to more naïve states, and the processes are convertible, showing the plasticity of the differentiation process. During my PhD, I identified the ligand Netrin-1 and its receptors Neo-1 and Unc5-b as novel regulators of naïve states. Moreover, a differentiated somatic cell can reacquire cellular plasticity and revert to the pluripotent state, giving rise to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or, in a pathological context, the reacquisition of plasticity can anticipate the malignant transformation and cancer formation. As a second project of my PhD, I identified the axis c-Myc/Atoh8/Wnt as a pathway orchestrating iPSCs generation and malignant transformation
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Pearce, Susie. "A narrative study exploring representations of identity for young adults with cancer : from diagnosis through treatment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047462/.
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This study aimed to explore the impact of cancer on young adults’ evolving sense of self and identity, by listening to their stories over one year from the time of diagnosis. Data were collected using a range of methods: in depth, free association narrative interviews at three time points; photographs taken by participants; and extensive reflexive field notes. Forty interviews were conducted with eighteen young adults, sixteen to thirty years of age. Eight of the participants took part in three interviews, six participants in two interviews, five participants took photographs. Eight longitudinal cases were analysed in depth, visual images were analysed from discussion in the narrative text. Through memoing, coding and comparison themes were developed across all cases and all participant’s data. Five cases have been reported as longitudinal stories to illustrate the interplay between the internal and external over the year from diagnosis. Higher order themes across all the data demonstrate the renegotiation of self over time, both developmental and in terms of ‘cancer time’, through the core components of: the inner world, (psyche, emotion and coping); self as embodied; self as relating to others, and self as relating to place. The study offers new insights into the experience of young adults with cancer and the value of basing care on individual experience beyond age but situated within biography and identity. The findings demonstrate the intensity of the juxtaposition of cancer and developmental stage and highlight the importance of visual and oral narratives and a psychosocial lens in both research and practice. The study suggests the value of narrative as a prospective intervention in health care to support sense making, identity renegotiation and revision; to give patients a voice. The study also highlights the importance professionals to be supported in ‘being with’ and in walking alongside people going through life changing illness.
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Zouggar, Aïcha. "G9a/EHMT2 Methyltransferase Activity Controls Stem-Like Identity and Tumor-Initiating Function in Human Colorectal Cancer." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41821.
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Colorectal tumors are hierarchically organized and governed by populations of self-renewing cancer stem cells, representing one of the deadliest types of cancers worldwide. Emergence of a cancer stem-like phenotype depends on epigenetic reprogramming, associated with profound transcriptional changes. As described for pluripotent reprogramming, epigenetic modifiers play a key role in developing and maintaining cancer stem cells by establishing embryonic stem-like transcriptional programs, thus altering the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Through my work, I have identified overexpression of histone methyltransferase G9a as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, associated with shorter relapse-free survival. Moreover, using human transformed pluripotent cells as a surrogate model for cancer stem cells, I demonstrate that G9a activity is essential for the maintenance of an embryonic stem-like transcriptional signature that is required to promote self-renewal, tumorigenicity and an undifferentiated state. Such a role was also applicable to colorectal cancer, where inhibitors of G9a histone methyltransferase function induced intestinal differentiation while restricting tumor-initiating activity in patient-derived colorectal tumor samples. By integrating transcriptome profiling with G9a/H3K9me2 loci co-occupancy, the canonical Wnt pathway, epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition and extracellular matrix organization were identified as potential targets of such a chromatin regulation mechanism in colorectal cancer stem cells. Considering such novel insights on the role of G9a as a driver of the cancer stem cell phenotype, as well as a promoter of self-renewal, tumorigenicity and an undifferentiated state, I established and executed a multi-step drug screening pipeline to identify new repurposed drugs that selectively alter G9a functions in human CSCs. This pipeline revealed 3 new drug candidates that inhibit H3K9me2 deposition and impair human CSCs in culture. Future in-depth characterization of those candidates will represent an important step toward the development of novel CSC-targeting therapeutics.
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Wallqvist, Marika, and Evelina Pettersson. "Att förlora ett bröst- att förlora en del av sig själv : En litteraturbaserad studie." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9356.
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Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdomen bland kvinnor i Sverige. Mastektomi är ett kirurgiskt ingrepp där hela bröstet opereras bort och detta är en vanlig behandling vid bröstcancer. Att förlora ett bröst kan innebära stora förändringar i kvinnans kroppsbild och identitet. Syftet med denna litteraturbaserade studie var att beskriva hur kvinnor upplever att identiteten och kroppsbilden påverkas efter mastektomi. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ litteraturbaserad metod baserad på 11 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Resultaten visar att kvinnor som genomgått mastektomi upplever att de förlorat mer än ett bröst. Kvinnan saknar en viktig markör för kvinnlighet och upplever sin kropp som stympad och deformerad. Kroppen ses som främmande och kvinnans sexualitet blir påverkad, kvinnan kan även uppleva en social avvikelse på grund av sin förändrade och främmande kropp. I samband med att kvinnans identitet och kroppsbild påverkas upplever hon ett svårt lidande. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap kring de upplevelser som kan uppstå efter en mastektomi då det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att möta och vägleda kvinnan genom förloppet så att en förståelse och acceptans kring den förändrade kroppen lättare kan infinna sigBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in Sweden. Mastectomy is a common treatment for breast cancer. It is a surgical procedure where the whole breast is removed. Losing a breast can affect a woman’s body image and identity. The aim of this literature-based study was to describe how women treated with mastectomy experience themselves after the surgery, regarding body image and identity. The method used is a qualitative literature-based study based on eleven articles with qualitative approach. The results show that women undergoing mastectomy feel a loss of more than a physical body part. The women misses a significant marker for femininity and experienced that their altered bodies becomes deformed. Their body becomes estranged and their sexuality will be affected, the women may also experience a social deviation due to their changing body. The study shows that when the woman's identity and body image is affected, she experiences severe suffering. It is important that the nurse has knowledge of the experiences that can occur after a mastectomy. The nurse has a key responsibility when meeting women, to guide her through the treatment process so that the woman can find an understanding and acceptance about the changing body.
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Lindbäck, Jenny, and Sandra Nordén. "Kvinnors upplevelse av en förändrad identitet vid bröstcancer och dess behandling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-116679.
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Bakgrund: Hos kvinnor är bröstcancer den vanligaste cancerformen. Att genomgå bröstcancer och dess behandling påverkar kvinnan på många sätt. De går igenom utseendemässiga, sociala, intima och fertila förändringar. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av förändrad identitet vid bröstcancer och dess behandling. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie där tolv kvalitativa artiklar analyserats med inspiration av manifest innehållsanalys. Databassökning genomfördes i Cinahl, PubMed och PsykINFO. Resultat: Bröstcancer och dess behandling är en utmaning för den kroppsliga integriteten och kan ses som ett hot mot kvinnligheten. Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: en existentiell identitetskris, förlust av tidigare identitet och att möta andra med sin förändrade identitet. Diskussion: I diskussionen diskuteras hur behandlingen och biverkningar påverkar kvinnan, hur den förändrade kroppen hotar kvinnligheten och könsrollen. Hur samhällets stereotypa bild om vad kvinnligt är och hur den påverkar kvinnorna att hantera förluster. Det diskuteras även hur sjuksköterskan bör bemöta dessa kvinnor. Konklusion: Att få diagnosen bröstcancer väcker starka känslor hos de drabbade och kommer att påverka kvinnorna och deras liv under lång tid och på många plan. Mer forskning skulle behöva göras inom området på hur vi kan hjälpa dessa patienter att hantera förändringarna som sjukdomen och behandlingen medför.Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women. To suffer through breast cancer and the treatment of it is affecting woman in many ways. Aim: To describe women’s experience of a changed identity when facing breast cancer and its treatment. Method: A literature-based study composed by twelve qualitative articles analyzed with manifest content analysis. Database searching via Cinahl, PubMed and PsykINFO. Results: Breast cancer and its treatment is a challenge for the physical integrity and can be seen as a threat to femininity. Three main categories were identified: an existential identity crisis, the loss of former identity and the meeting of others with altered identity. Discussion: Brought up is how the treatment and side-effects affect women. How the changing body threatens femininity and gender role is also discussed. Society’s stereotypical images of what is feminine make it difficult for women to lose hair or a breast. Conclusion: To be diagnosed with breast cancer brings up many emotions and will affect women for a long time. More research in the area could help these patients to cope with the changes that the cancer and its treatment involves.
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Johnston, Dawn. "Renegotiating the self : how eight women diagnosed with breast cancer re-shaped a sense of self-identity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44304.
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A narrative analysis was conducted to explore the research question: How do women reshape their sense of self-identify after being diagnosed with breast cancer? The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can leave women feeling as if their pre-cancer identity no longer fits for who they perceive themselves to be. There is a need for a better understanding of how women negotiate their experiences into a post-diagnosis self-identity. Counselling psychology is well-suited for this research because of its emphasis on helping individuals to navigate the various social, emotional, relational, and health-related concerns that women with breast cancer experience.
A social constructionist framework informed the exploration of the social and interpersonal contexts within which women experience breast cancer. Eight women participated and volunteered their time and their intimate experiences. Each semi-structured interview was audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. A holistic-content approach was used to interpret and analyze each interview in order to write an individual narrative for each participant. An across-narratives thematic analysis identified six common themes including: 1) The Future-Focused Self; 2) The “I am Not a Survivor” Self; 3) The Intentional Self; 4) The Mindful Self; 5) The Social Self; and, 6) The Self as a Woman with Breast Cancer. The themes were validated by peer and expert reviewers. Participants’ narratives and themes were then applied to a model of re-shaping self-identity as a transition, in order to better understand the influences of the personal, social, and cultural contexts in which women experience breast cancer.
The resulting model holds implications for future research, theory and practice. Previous models of the breast cancer experience hypothesize about how women’s self-identities are impacted by an experience of breast cancer, while the current model explains how women move through such a process. Counselling psychologists and healthcare professionals can use the model to identify where in the process of the cancer experience that a woman may be, and which contextual factors may be influencing her experience. Future research can expand on this model by exploring it in greater depth, and longitudinally in order to better delineate how the process unfolds.
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Korfi, Koorosh. "Epigenetic programming defines stem cell identity and entry into the proliferative compartment in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3929/.
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Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a haematological malignancy that is identified by the presence of a fusion oncogene, BCR-ABL1, which is a constitutive tyrosine kinase. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) over that past decade has resulted in significantly improved survival rates and disease management in CML patients. However, a subpopulation of BCR-ABL1+ cells in the niche are found which exhibit stem cell-like features, such as self-renewal and quiescence. These CML stem cells (LSCs) are shown to be insensitive to TKI treatment and are capable of deriving the disease during the relapse. Consequently, the elimination of LSCs is a primary goal of current research. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to obtain a global view of the cellular processes that maintain stem cell identity in CD34+ CD38- LSCs as well as identify those processes which initiate the transition to proliferative CD34+ CD38+ CML progenitor cells (LPCs). A combined approach was exploited to investigate genome-wide gene expression profiles and histone modification signatures of normal HSCs and committed progenitors (HPCs), and their LSC and LPC counterparts. Despite having increased activity in pathways involved in cell division and proliferation, expression levels of the pathways involved in stem cell identity were not significantly different in LSCs to those found in HSCs. These pathways included Wnt, TGF-β signalling, and several novel neurotransmitter signalling pathways. By examining genome-wide histone modification patterns using ChIP-sequencing it was shown that the stem cell identities of HSCs and LSCs are programmed at the epigenetic level. All of the pathways which confer stem cell identity to both HSCs and LSCs are significantly enriched for bivalent gene promoters having both the H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks. These similarities were most evident in neurotransmitter signalling and it was demonstrated that these pathways are capable of promoting LSC maintenance in vitro. Intriguingly, although the stem cell entry into the proliferative state occurs through the repression of many of the same stem cell identity pathways in both HSCs and LSCs, it was shown that epigenetic reprogramming in CML mediates this repression via a different mechanism than in normal HSCs. Furthermore, abnormalities in levels of several chromatin enzymes were identified that are likely to be responsible for the epigenetic reprogramming of CML cells. The work presented in this thesis defines the chromatin landscape of a cancer stem cell for the first time and provides new therapeutic targets for the eradication of TKI resistant CML stem cells.
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Melo, E. Silva Francilene Maria De. "Identité, Travail et Genre en psychosomatique : à propos du cancer du sein." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0865.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’évolution clinique des patientes traitées pour un cancer du sein. L’épreuve de la maladie ainsi que son traitement conduisent souvent à des transformations engagées par la question du travail. Ces transformations entraînent souvent ces femmes à remanier leur rapport à leur propre corps érogène, à leur activité et à leur identité sexuée. De façon que l’ensemble du travail (Arbeit/poïésis), fondé sur la reconstruction du corps érogène en lien avec l’acte de travailler, apparaîtra finalement comme élément majeur dans le processus de remaniement psychique qui accompagne le traitement du cancer du sein et le processus de rémission durable remarqué chez nos patientes. A partir de cette nouvelle vision acquise au sein du laboratoire de psychodynamique du travail et de l’action du CNAM, nous avons pris la décision d’engager notre recherche sur la contribution que la psychodynamique du travail et des champs affins peut apporter à notre proposition pour une nouvelle clinique psychosomatique du cancer du sein, ceci, précisément, en analysant la connexion entre les domaines du somatique et du travailler dans le traitement psychologique des patientes atteintes de cette pathologie. Désormais nous envisageons une prise en charge psychique proposée à partir du « rapport subjectif au travail ». Et, ainsi, aider nos patientes, atteintes du cancer du sein, à faire le chemin jusqu’à la conquête d’une nouvelle identité sexuée et à habiter un corps érogènement émancipéThe present thesis is based on the clinical evolution of patients treated for breast cancer. The painfull experience engendered by the pathology and its treatment leads to transformation of their approach to work activity. These transformations induce these women patients to examine their approach to their erogenous body, their work activity and their sexual identity. Thereby the double feature of work activity (Arbeit/Poïesis), based on restoring their erogenous body in relation with work activity, is revealed as playing the major role in the psychological restoration and the settled remission process of breast cancer. Inspired by this new point of view based on experimentation in the Laboratory of Psychodynamics of Work in the CNAM (Centre national des Arts et Métiers), we decided to base our research on the contribution that Psychodynamics or Work methodology and closely connected domains could comply with our proposal for a new psychosomatic treatment of breast cancer, precisely by analysing the connection between soma and work activity in the psychological treatment for these women patients concerned. Hereafter, we argue for a psychological treatment based on the subjective approach to work activity, thus enabling our patients to conquer a new sexual identity in an uninhibited erogenous body
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Widholm, Boström Emma, and Mirjam Granberg. "Kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med bröstcancer : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7889.
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Mulder, Anja. "Women's lived experiences of the breast cancer trajectory: the waiting period for treatment and the impacts on feminine identity." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2661.
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Breast cancer, according to research, is diagnosed in approximately one in every twenty-nine women in South Africa. Differences in gender, race and class produce disparities in health care, subjecting lower class women to lengthy waiting periods between diagnosis and treatment. Present research studies on breast cancer predominantly use quantitative methods. To understand women's lived experiences of the breast cancer trajectory this study explores experiences encountered during the waiting period, as well as the impacts of breast cancer and its treatment on feminine identity. For this a qualitative method was applied. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with five black and coloured breast cancer patients residing at two of CANSA's care homes. Participants varied in age and phases of treatment, were all married or widowed, had minor dependants, and had all travelled from distant and outlying areas. Based on a thematic analysis, six themes emerged from the data collected. These included: First experiences of cancer in the body; breast cancer and waiting periods from the patient's perspective; sources of support; meanings and perceptions of being a woman; conceptualising disease, and patients' needs. The analysis illustrates the importance of researching women's lived experiences and highlights that these need to be understood within a framework of socially constructed notions of gender, race and class in order to improve breast cancer treatment and psycho-social care.
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Hitchins, Jennifer Marie. "Posttraumatic growth as a discursive resource for managing identity after breast cancer : implications for theory, and counselling psychology practice." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2015. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/695/.
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Previous research conceptualises posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a phenomenon experienced by some people after breast cancer. In this thesis, I consider an alternative understanding of PTG; as discursive identity performance in the context of breast cancer survivorship. First, a critical review of literature on PTG after cancer is presented, with attention to rigour and methodological diversity and also with regard to the fit between existing research and counselling psychology values. It is concluded that much of the existing research is framed within a realist perspective, and accordingly, accounts of PTG are viewed as stable internal beliefs rather than socially constructed ways of managing identity. The social context in which survivorship occurs has not been adequately explored and there is a paucity of work from within the UK, and especially from amongst counselling psychologists, who, arguably, have a significant contribution to make within the psycho-oncology arena. An area for research is marked out, from the epistemological position of social construction, to explore women's accounts of life after cancer, and how they orient to and make use of PTG in this context. Following consideration of the approach taken (a synthesis of two forms of discourse analysis), I present my research with four women who were interviewed about their experiences of life after breast cancer. The analysis highlights the fine grained features of the women's talk as they manage their post-cancer identities discursively negotiating the social and moral obligation to survive well. A number of discourses, including the ‘PTG discourse’ are drawn upon, making a number of subject positions available. Notably, the PTG discourse closes down talk of troubles. Implications for theory, and for counselling psychology practice within psycho-oncology, are discussed.
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Acosta, Suárez Esther Gloria. "Expériences de cancers urogénitaux au masculin : une approche socio-anthropologique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG026.
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Cette thèse porte sur les expériences vécues par des hommes diagnostiqués et traités d’un cancer urogénital (prostate, vessie et testicules) dans le contexte local espagnol d’une des îles Canaries. Les outils de recherche ont été notamment des entretiens avec les personnes qui ont traversé le processus de ces formes de cancer pour comprendre leurs ressentis au long de la trajectoire qu’elles ont suivie, dès l’expérience des premiers symptômes et/ou signes qui les ont conduit vers les institutions médicales, jusqu’aux expériences vécues au moment de recevoir le diagnostic et l’annonce des traitements biomédicaux, et enfin les manières de vivre ces traitements (ablations, radiothérapie, chimiothérapie, hormonothérapie). Les approches des analyses des récits des personnes interviewées prennent une forme croisée, combinant l’approche phénoménologique (celle de l’expérience vécue par ces personnes), interactionniste, et la narration différée de ces personnes en tant que survivantes, ainsi que celles de romans en lien avec l’expérience vécue de ces formes de cancers. Les tensions identitaires, le deuil de soi fondé sur l’identité masculine, le stigmate sont au cœur des expériences, toutes liées aux métamorphoses temporaires et permanentes du corps après l’administration ou pratique des traitements biomédicaux. Expériences singulières, mais aussi associées à l’influence de la construction sociale et culturelle de la maladie cancéreuse et de l’identité virile en OccidentThis thesis is concerned with the experiences lived by men who have been diagnosed and treated with a urogenital cancer (prostate, bladder and testicles) in the Spanish local context of one of the seven Canary Islands. The research instruments which have been used were particularly interviews with people who have experienced the process of these forms of cancer with the aim of understanding how they felt throughout the trajectory, from the appearance of the first symptoms and/or signs which led them to medical institutions, up to the experiences lived at the time of receiving the diagnosis and the announcement of the biomedical treatments, and finally the ways of experiencing these treatments (ablations, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone-therapy). Approaches to the analyses of the experiences of those patients who were interviewed are cross-sectional, combining the phenomenological approach (the experience lived by these people), the interactionist approach, and the postponed narratives from these surviving patients, as well as those narratives related to the experience of living these forms of cancers. Identity-related tensions, the mourning based on the male identity and the stigma are placed at the heart of the experiences, closely related to the temporary and permanent metamorphoses of the body after the administration or practice of biomedical treatments. Unique experiences are also associated with the influence of the social and cultural construction of this cancerous condition and the male identity in the Western countries
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Lanza, Lara de Faria. "Histórias de mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer de mama." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-15012013-150720/.
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Os cânceres ou neoplasias malignas vêm assumindo um lugar cada vez mais importante entre as doenças que acometem a população feminina, representando no Brasil e no mundo, importante causa de morte. O câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais freqüente no mundo e o primeiro entre as mulheres. Os avanços da medicina, possibilitando tratamentos mais eficientes e técnicas que viabilizam a detecção precoce, têm contribuído para o aumento da sobrevida das mulheres com câncer de mama.Tendo em vista a alta incidência do câncer de mama eo aumento da sobrevida, faz-se cada vez mais necessário compreender a realidade destas mulheres que experienciam o adoecimento e a sobrevivência a ele. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a experiência de sobreviver ao câncer de mama a partir de elementos presentes nas histórias de mulheres sobreviventes. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 15 mulheres sobreviventes de câncer de mama, que haviam concluído o tratamento há no mínimo cinco anos. A técnica utilizada para coleta de dados foi a entrevista narrativa e a análise foi feita com base nos estudos de Little et al. (2002) e Frank (2012). Os dados foram organizados em torno de três momentos principais: o início da história - o diagnóstico; o enfrentamento - tratamento; e o desfecho - retomando a vida, buscando compreender o sentido que cada participante atribuía a sua história enquanto uma pessoa que passou pelo tratamento do câncer e sobreviveu. Foi percebido que muitas mulheres tiveram sua identidade mudada após a experiência do adoecimento e a maioria delas conseguiu retomar sua vida a uma condição semelhante à anterior à doença. Assim os resultados revelam a singularidade e diversidade no modo de experienciar o adoecimento e a sobrevivência e as repercussões desta experiência na identidade da mulher.Cancers or malignant neoplasias have been reported as important diseases among women, representing causes of death not only in Brazil but in the whole world. Breast cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer worldwide and the first among women. Medical advancements have improved the survival rates for women with breast cancer through more efficient treatments and techniques. Considering the high incidence of breast cancer and the increase of survival rates, the understanding of these women\'s realities - being sick and recovering from it - has become extremely important. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of surviving breast cancer from elements present in the stories of women survivors. The study is qualitative - 15 surviving breast cancer women were studied and their treatments had been finished 5 years earlier at least. The technique used to collect data was through interviews and the analysis was done based in the studies of Little et al. (2002) and Frank (2012). The data was organised considering 3 main moments: the beginning of the disease (medical diagnosis); the confrontation (treatment); and the end (regaining life). The main objective was to understand the meaning each woman gave to her experience after having survived. Many women have had their identities changed after the disease and most of them have managed to regain their lives. Thus, the results show the singularity and the diversity in experiencing getting sick and surviving and the effects of these experiences in women\'s identities.
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Cornish, Leah V. "Adolescent and young adult romantic relationships and cancer: Comparing patient and partner." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1429266467.
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Hagan, June Renata Louise. "When the life story begins : self-defining memories, identity and the developing self in young adults with experience of cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434167.
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Forsberg, Lisa, and Niklas Mobäck. "Att vara eller att inte vara - en man : En litteraturöversikt över hur mäns manliga identitet förändras vid prostatacancer." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3963.
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Bakgrund: Prostatacancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland män i västvärlden. Sjuksköterskan har till uppgift att stötta, vägleda, samt säkerställa att given information uppfattats korrekt, för att män med prostatacancer skall kunna fatta rationella beslut rörande eventuell behandling. Tidigare forskning visar att maskulinitet är ett komplext begrepp som kan ses ur olika vinklar och perspektiv. Upplevelsen av manlighet är en viktig komponent att ta hänsyn till i vården av patienter med prostatacancer. Syfte: Att beskriva hur män med prostatacancer upplever att sjukdomen och behandlingen påverkar deras kropp och manliga identitet. Metod: Denna litteraturöversikt baserades på elva kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som har granskats och analyserats. De vetenskapliga artiklarna hämtades från databaserna Cinahl with fulltext, och PubMed. Resultat: Resultatet bildar fem huvudteman: Behandlingens påverkan på mäns upplevelse av manlighet beskriver behandlingarnas biverkningar såsom impotens, förlust av libido och sexuella fantasier, mäns feminiserade kropp, samt hur dessa förändrade kroppsegenskapernas påverkade den manliga identiteten. Behandlingens påverkan på miktionen, rör biverkningarna inkontinens och miktionsproblematik och dess inverkan på mannens vardagliga liv. Mäns hantering av känslor och den förändrade kroppen beskriver hur män hanterade den nya livssituationen de ställts inför. Förändringar av mäns relationer och manlighet beskriver hur prostatacancer och behandlingar påverkade männens relationer till kvinnor och andra män, vilket i sin tur påverkade deras upplevelse av manlighet. Diskussion: Diskussionen utgår från Dahlberg och Segestens teori om ”den levda kroppen”. Ur detta perspektiv diskuteras hur den manliga identiteten påverkas av prostatacancer och dess behandlingar. Vidare diskuteras vikten av att se mannen som en individ med unika egenskaper och upplevelser, för att sjuksköterskan därigenom skall kunna ge relevant information och hjälpa mannen att finna strategier att hantera dessa förändringar.Background: Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer for men in the Western world. Nurses’ task is to support men who suffer from prostate cancer and to make sure they understand important information that’s been given, so that these men can make rational decisions concerning their eventual treatment. Further, previous research describes masculinity as a complex concept which can be viewed from different angles and perspectives. Men’s experience of masculinity seems to be an important issue to consider when treating patients with prostate cancer. Aim: To describe how men with prostate cancer experience how the disease and treatment change their body and masculine identity. Methods: The literature review was based on eleven qualitative articles that were examined and analyzed. The articles were gathered from the databases CINAHL with full text, and PubMed Results: The result was thematized into five main categories: The treatment’s impact on men’s experience of masculinity describes how the treatment side effects: impotence, loss of libido and sexual imaginations, and the feminized body, changed how the men experienced their masculinity. The treatment’s impact on men’s ability to urinate examines the treatment’s side effects of incontinence and urination disorders, and how this affected men in their everyday life. Men handling their feelings and changed body examines different strategies for how men handling their new life situation, and the changes of their bodies. Changes in men’s relations and masculinity describes how prostate cancer and treatment changed men’s relationships to woman and other men, and how this affected their experience of masculinity. Discussions: The discussion is proceed by Dahlberg & Segesten’s theory about the “the lived body”. From this point of view the discussion examines how the masculine identity is affected by prostate cancer and its’ treatments. Further, the need to see the man as one individual with unique qualities and experiences is described, which will ease the nurses’ task to provide relevant information, and help the man find strategies to handle the changed life situation.
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Tindle, Danielle A. "Creating meaning: the cancer survivorship experiences of young adults in Australia, England and the United States." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82216/1/Danielle_Tindle_Thesis.pdf.
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This cross-cultural research examined the phenomenon of cancer survivorship through an analysis of the experiences of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer in Australia, England and the United States of America. The research enhances understanding of how meaning and identity develop in relation to cancer interpretively and socioculturally, and the implications for quality of life in adulthood. In so doing, the study explored the existential challenges young people confront when negotiating illness, identity formation and meaning-making, amid the complex matrix of youth and life stage transitions, cultural norms and practices, and varied healthcare environments.
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Benfatti, Flávia Andréa Rodrigues. "Pornografia e criticidade: as faces de Henry Miller em Tropic of Cancer e Tropic of Capricorn sob o viés autobiográfico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-06112013-105313/.
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Esta pesquisa analisa as obras Tropic of Cancer (1961) e Tropic of Capricorn (1961) do escritor norte-americano Henry Miller sob o viés autobiográfico com o intuito de averiguar, nas narrativas, como o autor constrói a masculinidade de seu narrador por meio de suas experiências sexuais. Percebe-se que o autor, por meio de seu personagem protagonista autobiográfico se comporta, às vezes, dentro dos parâmetros de uma masculinidade hegemônica diante do ato sexual ou nas conversas sobre mulheres com seus interlocutores masculinos, já que é fruto de uma sociedade patriarcal. Por outro lado, o autor-narrador também se mostra a favor de atitudes liberais femininas com relação à sexualidade, pois sua identidade e seus valores são revistos e reavaliados ao longo do processo narrativo. Além disso, há outros aspectos observados nas narrativas de Miller que respaldam a identidade em construção de seu narrador e as transformações de sua escrita cuja estética rompe com as regras do academicismo norte-americano do período entre-guerras. O narrador, por meio de um espírito livre, tece críticas de forma audaciosa e nada sutil diante dos fatos da vida, envolvendo as sociedades descritas nas obras - a norte-americana e a francesa -, comparando-as a ponto de denegrir a primeira e exaltar a segunda. São analisadas também as longas reflexões sobre sexo, amor, liberdade, casamento, raça, etnia, vida e morte por meio de comentários, descrições e devaneios com um estilo próprio que transita entre o irônico, o humorístico, o surreal e o metafórico.This research analyzes the works Tropic of Cancer (1961) amd Tropic of Capricorn (1961) by the American author Henry Miller under the autobiographical perspective. The aim is to investigate in both narratives how the author constructs his narrator\'s masculine identity through his sexual experiences. What we can realize is that the author, as an autobiographical protagonist, sometimes behaves himself within the hegemonic masculinity parameters in relation to the sexual intercourse or in conversations about women with his male partners since he comes from a patriarchal background. On the other hand, the author-narrator is also in favor of liberal attitudes concerning sexuality since his identity and his values are revised and reorganized all through the narrative process. Besides, we also look at other aspects in the narratives which support the narrator\'s identity construction and the author\'s way of writing whose aesthetics breaks the rules of the North-American academicism of the interwar period. The narrator, through his free soul, audaciously criticizes the facts of life involving the two societies described in the book - the American and the French comparing them by denigrating the first and praising the second. In the narratives we also analyse the long reflexcions about sex, love, freedom, marriage, race, ethnics, life, death through commentaries, descriptions and daydreams alternating them by using irony, humor and a lot of metaphors.
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Lindkvist, Karin, and Amanda Roynesdotter. "Sjung av hjärtat, sjung! : Musikinterventioners effekter på individer med cancersjukdom." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2591.
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Bakgrund: Cancer är en av de vanligaste diagnoserna som drabbar människor världen över. De senaste årens effektivare behandlingar har lett till att allt fler överlever eller lever längre med sin cancerdiagnos. Detta medför att ett ökat antal individer nu och i framtiden kommer att vara i behov av fler och bättre hälsofrämjande interventioner. WHO definierar hälsa som ett tillstånd där frånvaro av sjukdom inte betyder god hälsa utan även måste innefatta ett individuellt fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt välbefinnande. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa effekterna av musikinterventioner som en god omvårdnadsinsats för patienter med en cancerdiagnos. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med sex kvantitativa studier, fyra kvalitativa och tre med mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienter med en cancerdiagnos använde musik som en hälsofrämjande intervention för att minska oro och ångest, lindra smärta samt som en copingstrategi. Resultatet visade även att musikinterventioner kunde fungera som ett stöd i en identitetsskapande process. Vidare visade resultatet att en del individer inte var hjälpta av musik som hälsofrämjande intervention. Musiken kunde i vissa fall förknippas med diagnosen och fick deltagarna att känna olust och kunde ge motsatt effekt än att lindra och stödja. Slutsats: Musikinterventioner har, för många individer med en cancerdiagnos, förmåga att ge tillgång till olika känslor och kan fungera som en copingstrategi. Det är även en flexibel och tillgänglig hälsofrämjande intervention som kan nå ut till många.Background: Cancer is one of the most common diagnoses to affect people all across the globe. The last years more effective treatments have lead to more people surviving or living longer with their cancer diagnosis; which implicates that an increasing number of individuals now and in the future, will be in need of more and better health-promoting interventions. WHO defines health as a state in which absence of disease does not signify good health, but a state which also includes individual physical, mental and social well-being. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight the effect of musical interventions for patients with diagnosed cancer. Method: A literary study which consists of six quantitative studies, four qualitative studies, and three of mixed methods. Results: The results showed that patients diagnosed with cancer used music as a health-promoting intervention to ease pain, distress and anxiety, as well as a strategy to cope with the diagnosis. The results also showed that musical interventions could function as a way of maintaining the identity the individual had before the disease. Furthermore showed the result that some individuals were not helped by music as a health-promoting intervention. Music in some cases were associated with the diagnoses, causing the participants to feel unease and having the opposite effect to relief and support. Conclusion: Musical intervention, for most individuals with diagnosed cancer, has the ability to give participants access to all different emotions and cope with the disease. Musical intervention is also a health-promoting intervention which is flexible, easily adjustable with the ability to reach many people.
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Standifer, Maisha. "The Blurred Lines of HPV and Cervical Cancer Knowledge: Exploring the Social and Cultural Factors of Identity, Gender, and Sexuality in Caribbean Immigrant Women." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6397.
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This dissertation explores how the sociocultural experiences of migration and acquisition of health knowledge influence the beliefs and behaviors related to human papillomavirus (HPV) risks and cervical cancer prevention among women who have emigrated from English-speaking Caribbean nations and now live in the Tampa Bay metropolitan area. Genital human papillomavirus is very common, and cervical cancer is the most common HPV-associated cancer. Additionally, all cervical cancers are caused by the HPV infection. More women of color, including Black and Hispanic women, are diagnosed with cervical cancer and at a later stage of the disease than women of other races or ethnicities. Black women have lower levels of knowledge and awareness of HPV and related preventive measures compared to Whites. The incidence of cervical cancer is higher among African American/Black women and Latina women than among White women. Globally, Caribbean countries have some of the highest incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. It is unclear how knowledge, perceptions and behaviors surrounding HPV risks and cervical cancer influence prevention practices among immigrant women from English-speaking Caribbean countries residing in the United States. Existing literature highlights factors which influence cervical cancer prevention behaviors and HPV knowledge among immigrants in the United States, including educational barriers, HPV tests and vaccine costs, duration of time within the United States, in addition to the beliefs, myths and stigma surrounding cervical cancer originating in the birth country. But there is a dearth of information on immigrant women from the Caribbean.
Ethnographic methods were employed in this study, including participant observation, key-informant interviewing, focus groups, and semi-structured in-depth interviewing to assess attitudes, available knowledge, culturally specific perceptions, and behavioral practices of the study participants. This dissertation develops a modified approach in the Critical Medical Anthropology (CMA) genre that links political economy with an interpretive approach. It also utilizes the theoretical approaches of transnationalism and embodiment to analyze the phenomena under consideration. Some key outcomes of this research are as follows: Many women were very aware of HPV, and most women were familiar with cervical cancer. However, the majority of women were not confident regarding how HPV and cervical cancer were connected. They did not know how a virus causes a chronic disease. Even with some of the study participants having the HPV vaccine, they were still not aware of the link between the two. This lead the researcher to inquire what HPV or a sexually transmitted disease meant to the women, resulting in a mixture of responses ranging from never thinking about HPV or acquiring an infection to placing blame on being “loose” or “promiscuous” as a woman. Their narratives provided insights into how their childhood and familial experiences as young Caribbean women contributed to how they act upon knowledge about being sick, having an infection, or living a healthy lifestyle since migrating to the United States. This research contributes to works applying anthropological perspectives and ethnographic methodology to narrow the gap in available literature relevant to migration, Black Caribbean immigrant health and cancer health disparities.
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Ørtoft, Merethe. "Det sårede selv : Kvalitativt studie om at blive ramt af kræft i æggestokkene." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3141.
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Formål: Formålet med studiet var at opnå en fordybet forståelse af, hvordan kvinder med nyopdaget kræft i æggestokkene oplever egen mestring og hvordan mening og identitet konstrueres i den første periode efter diagnosen er stillet. Metode: Der er anvendt en kvalitativ metode med narrative interviews af seks kvinder, som har fået diagnosticeret kræft i æggestokkene indenfor et halvt år. Til analyse af data anvendtes en narrativ analysemetode ”The Holistic Content Perspective” for at få et helhedsbillede af informanternes selv, som det blev præsenteret i deres fortællinger. Resultater: Studiet viser tre forskellige udviklingsveje, som må ses i sammenhæng med kvindernes alder, livsperiode samt sygdommens udbredelse. En udviklingsvej anvendtes af de yngre kvinder, som oplever sygdommen så truende for identiteten, at de forsvarer sig ved at fornægte sygdommens alvorlighed og på ingen måde identificerer sig med denne. De vælger at leve livet uændret som før de blev syge og oplevelsen af mening forsøges fastholdt ved hjælp af fornægtelse af sygdommens alvorlighed. En anden udviklingsvej viste sig hos de ældre kvinder, som forstår sygdommen som en del af livet og som hurtigt begynder en proces af meningsdannelse og tilpasning af identiteten, hvor de forholder sig til sygdommen og dens mulige konsekvenser som tab af livet. Disse kvinder lærer at leve med sygdommen, som en del af deres identitet. En tredje udviklingsvej viste sig hos de kvinder, hvor sygdommen var i et fremskredet stadie og hvor fysiske og sociale lidelser bliver dominerende. Disse kvinder har svært ved at opretholde eller finde mening, i stedet præges de af meningsløshed samtidig med, at identiteten er svær at opretholde, idet selvbilledet og selvforståelsen forsvinder, da de ikke længere kan kende sig selv. Konklusion. Konstruering af mening og identitet som en del af det at mestre livet med nyopdaget kræft i æggestokkene er vigtig for kvinderne, men processerne omkring, hvordan kvinderne mestrer, er forskellige afhængig af alder, livsperiode og sygdommens udbredelse. Sundhedsfremmende indsatser for at forbedre mestringsprocesserne hos disse kvinder må derfor tilpasses de forskellige udviklingsveje for at sikre størst mulig sundhed.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to obtain an increased understanding of how women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer are experiencing their own coping and how meaning and identity constructed in the first period after the diagnosis Method: Used a qualitative approach with narrative interviews with six women who have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer within six months. Data analysis used a narrative analysis method "The Holistic Content Perspective" to get an overall picture of the informants' themselves, as it was presented in their stories Result: The study shows three different development paths that must be considered in conjunction with women's age, life period, and the spread of disease. A development path used by younger women who experience the disease as threatening to the identity that they defend themselves by denying the seriousness of the disease and in no way identify with this. They choose to live life the same as before they became ill and the experience of meaningful attempts maintained through denial of the seriousness of the disease. Another path of development emerged in the elderly women who understand the disease as a part of life and quickly begin a providing of meaningful and maintenance of identity, how they relate to disease and its potential consequences such as loss of life. These women learn to live with the disease as part of their identity. A third path of development was found in women where the disease was in an advanced stage and the physical and social suffering becomes dominant. These women struggle to retain or find meaning, instead characterized by meaninglessness, while identity is difficult to maintain, with self image and self-understanding recover from, because they can no longer know themselves Conclusion: The construction of meaning and identity as a part of it to cope with newly discovered cancer of the ovary are important for women, but the processes around how women cope, is different depending on age, life duration and spread of the disease. Health promotion interventions to improve coping processes among these women must keep pace with these different development paths to ensure maximum health.
ISBN 978-91-86739-05-8
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Lugton, Jean. "The meaning of social support : a descriptive study of informal networks and of health visitors' formal role in supporting the identity of women with breast cancer." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20638.
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This thesis emerged from the writers' experience in nursing education and her clinical involvement with patients with breast cancer. The main theme connecting patients' problems was the threat to their identities from breast cancer. Respondents perceived social support to be actions/attitudes from formal or informal sources which maintained their established identities or assisted changes to their identities. They identified seven types of informal support. Quantity of relationships was important to respondents because they sought a variety of support types. Quality of relationships (closeness) was also important in maintaining key aspects of respondents' identities. Close involvement of health visitors with some respondents limited the extent of their support. Respondents faced 6 identity crises and had to move to move through these crises towards recovery, reevaluating themselves and accepting changes in identity. Failure to cope meant that women's identities remained under threat and the crisis was unresolved. Support was ineffective if given after a crisis had passed. During crisis points, respondents needed both formal and informal support to avoid negative and encourage positive self concepts. Appraisal support was a distinguishing aspect of professional support, helping patients to continually assess their situations. Respondents' coping ability was increased by the availability of health visitors who had an important role in building up their identities. Nurses promoted respondents' informal support by assessing their support needs, preserving existing support and encouraging further informal support. Nurses must increase their skills in building up clients' identities and avoid practices which undermine these identities.
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Rocha, Magna Celi Mendes da. "O processo de escolarização do aluno mutilado pelo câncer: a transformação da identidade no processo de inclusão escolar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16590.
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This study aimed to understand the formation of the identity of the student mutilated by childhood cancer, with focus on process integration and reintegration school, based on the assumptions of inclusive education. The theoretical perspective that underlies the identity category, in this study was proposed by Antonio da Costa Ciampa that, in the context of Social Psychology, studies the identity as a synthesis of multiple determinations. Identity is understood as a metamorphosis, term that he uses to communicate the idea of continuous movement and transformation as constituents of this process. This is a qualitative research. The subjects of this research were eight survivors of childhood cancer, with apparent physical mutilation, who lived the process of integration or reintegration into regular school, after the end of treatment. Data were collected and organized in two distinct ways: mini-cases and case study. Of the eight subjects of research, we conducted interviews, focused on the process of integration or reintegration into school with seven of them, that we call mini-cases. With the other subject, considered emblematic we did a case study using the narrative of the life history, trying to understand the transformations of his identity in the process of school inclusion. The data show that the experiences of these subjects are varied, and in some cases it can be affirm that there was indeed school inclusion, others that were excluded, either stereotypical attitudes or prejudice, possibly by indifference. In the case of the subject considered as emblematic, it was observed that, in terms of schooling was not inclusion, but a process of integration, however, the subject not suffer exclusion, for him, the inclusion in sporting activities determined the process of overcoming their conditions, towards a metamorphosis emancipatory
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender a constituição da identidade do aluno mutilado pelo câncer infantil, com foco no processo de inserção e reinserção escolar, com base nos pressupostos da educação inclusiva. A perspectiva teórica que fundamenta a categoria Identidade, nesta pesquisa, foi elaborada por Antônio da Costa Ciampa que, no âmbito da Psicologia Social, estuda a Identidade como síntese de múltiplas determinações. A identidade é entendida como metamorfose, expressão que utiliza para dar a idéia de movimento e contínua transformação como constituintes desse processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram oito sobreviventes do câncer infantil, com mutilação física aparente, que viveram seu processo de inserção ou reinserção escolar regular, após o término do tratamento. Os dados foram obtidos e organizados de dois modos distintos: mini-casos e estudo de caso. Dos oito sujeitos da pesquisa, fizemos entrevistas, focadas no processo de inserção ou reinserção escolar com sete deles, o que chamamos de mini-casos. Com o outro sujeito, considerado emblemático, fizemos um estudo de caso, utilizando a narrativa da história de vida, buscando compreender as transformações de sua identidade no processo de inclusão escolar. Os dados demonstram que as experiências desses sujeitos são variadas, havendo casos em que se pode afirmar que houve inclusão escolar de fato; outros em que houve exclusão, seja por atitudes estereotipadas ou de preconceito, seja pela indiferença. No caso do sujeito considerado como emblemático, percebeu-se que, do ponto de vista da escolarização não houve inclusão, mas um processo de integração; entretanto, o sujeito não sofreu exclusão; para ele, a inclusão em atividade esportiva foi o que determinou o processo de superação de suas condições, em direção à metamorfose emancipatória
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Feinstein, Carla Fran. "Dying to Know." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1318.
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Hedestig, Oliver. "Att leva med lokaliserad prostatacancer : "oss män emellan"." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Strålningsvetenskaper, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-898.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how men experience living with localized prostate cancer. It includes four substudies carried out between 1997 and 2005. To gather data, the men were interviewed at home and the interviews were recorded. The men (n=27; ages 60-70) who participated in the substudies had a PSA ≤10 ng/ml at the time of diagnosis, and had what is known as low-risk prostate cancer. Seven of the men chose to “wait and see” how the disease would progress after receiving the diagnosis. Twenty men chose curative treatment (10 men external radiation therapy, 10 men radical surgery). The interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method inspired by the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur, and qualitative content analysis. Men who live with localized prostate cancer perceive the disease as life-threatening, unpredictable, and without early symptoms, which creates a sense of uncertainty, worry, anxiety, despair, and fear of death. Men primarily share perceptions of the disease and treatment with their wives and relatives, as well as with other men in the same situation. They avoid talking about their illness, and keep their innermost thoughts about their disease, prognosis, and the future to themselves. The choice to share their thoughts and feelings only sparingly with others is related in part to the perceived stigmatization of the diagnosis, as well as to consideration for friends and family. The men report that external radiation therapy and radical surgery have negative side effects such as erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and intestinal leakage. They describe the side effects as socially isolating; for example, urinary leakage can require a change of incontinence pads and clothing, and they feel that they smell bad. Men with erectile dysfunction describe themselves as maimed, and their sex lives have changed or disappeared. They report a change in their self-esteem and identity as men and they long for life as it was before the diagnosis, when they felt they had control over their bodily functions. A few men describe a sense of being literally and figuratively “exposed” when they are undressed for examinations or participate in discussions with female doctors and nurses about their erectile dysfunction. They do not describe this perception in the same way with respect to contact with male personnel. In the new situation after treatment, men try to regain a perceived sense of control in their daily lives, over the disease and the effects of treatment. They experience a sense of control over the disease through regular PSA tests; the implications of regular PSA tests can be interpreted as a life preserver in an uncertain world, considering that at the time they were diagnosed they had no symptoms and only had a PSA elevation. The PSA is important for this sense of control, and each PSA test is preceded by tense expectation. The PSA level is described as a reliable expression of the medical condition. The men cannot trust that their own perception of feeling healthy means that the disease is under control. Low and stable PSA levels over a long period of time give a sense of safety, security, and control over the situation. If the PSA climbs, the men feel that despite everything, they have caught it in time for further treatment. Discussions with other men with prostate cancer are also described as a way of having control over the situation. The men's endeavor to reconcile themselves to the new situation can be understood as a process, where they describe various strategies which can be used to forget the “cancer perspective” and achieve a perception of safety and security. Reconciliation with a new situation can be interpreted as a reorientation after the trauma of the cancer diagnosis. The study results show that the men are restrained in communicating their needs to others, which can be interpreted as their having a greater need for support and information than indicated by their signals. Having an internal image of what a man should be like can be an obstacle to showing these needs.
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Gu, Jinghua. "Novel Monte Carlo Approaches to Identify Aberrant Pathways in Cancer." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51950.
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Recent breakthroughs in high-throughput biotechnology have promoted the integration of multi-platform data to investigate signal transduction pathways within a cell. In order to model complicated dynamics and heterogeneity of biological pathways, sophisticated computational models are needed to address unique properties of both the biological hypothesis and the data. In this dissertation work, we have proposed and developed methods using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to solve complex modeling problems in human cancer research by integrating multi-platform data. We focus on two research topics: 1) identification of transcriptional regulatory networks and 2) uncovering of aberrant intracellular signal transduction pathways.
We propose a robust method, called GibbsOS, to identify condition specific gene regulatory patterns between transcription factors and their target genes. A Gibbs sampler is employed to sample target genes from the marginal function of outlier sum of regression t statistic. Numerical simulation has demonstrated significant performance improvement of GibbsOS over existing methods against noise and false positive connections in binding data. We have applied GibbsOS to breast cancer cell line datasets and identified condition specific regulatory rewiring in human breast cancer.
We also propose a novel method, namely Gibbs sampler to Infer Signal Transduction (GIST), to detect aberrant pathways that are highly associated with biological phenotypes or clinical information. By converting predefined potential functions into a Gibbs distribution, GIST estimates edge directions by learning the distribution of linear signaling pathway structures. Through the sampling process, the algorithm is able to infer signal transduction directions which are jointly determined by both gene expression and network topology. We demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithms on simulation data with respect to different settings of noise level in gene expression and false-positive connections in protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.
Another major contribution of the dissertation work is that we have improved traditional perspective towards understanding aberrant signal transductions by further investigating structural linkage of signaling pathways. We develop a method called Structural Organization to Uncover pathway Landscape (SOUL), which emphasizes on modularized pathways structures from reconstructed pathway landscape. GIST and SOUL provide a very unique angle to computationally model alternative pathways and pathway crosstalk. The proposed new methods can bring insight to drug discovery research by targeting nodal proteins that oversee multiple signaling pathways, rather than treating individual pathways separately. A complete pathway identification protocol, namely Infer Modularization of PAthway CrossTalk (IMPACT), is developed to bridge downstream regulatory networks with upstream signaling cascades. We have applied IMPACT to breast cancer treated patient datasets to investigate how estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways are related to drug resistance. The identified pathway proteins from patient datasets are well supported by breast cancer cell line models. We hypothesize from computational results that HSP90AA1 protein is an important nodal protein that oversees multiple signaling pathways to drive drug resistance. Cell viability analysis has supported our hypothesis by showing a significant decrease in viability of endocrine resistant cells compared with non-resistant cells when 17-AAG (a drug that inhibits HSP90AA1) is applied.
We believe that this dissertation work not only offers novel computational tools towards understanding complicated biological problems, but more importantly, it provides a valuable paradigm where systems biology connects data with hypotheses using computational modeling. Initial success of using microarray datasets to study endocrine resistance in breast cancer has shed light on translating results from high throughput datasets to biological discoveries in complicated human disease studies. As the next generation biotechnology becomes more cost-effective, the power of the proposed methods to untangle complicated aberrant signaling rewiring and pathway crosstalk will be finally unleashed.Ph. D.
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Fewings, Eleanor Rose. "The use of whole exome sequencing data to identify candidate genes involved in cancer and benign tumour predisposition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285963.
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The development of whole exome sequencing has transformed the study of disease predisposition. The sequencing of both large disease sets and smaller rare disease families enables the identification of new predisposition variants and potentially provide clinical insight into disease management. There is no standard protocol for analysing exome sequencing data. Outside of extremely large sequencing studies including thousands of individuals, statistical approaches are often underpowered to detect rare disease associated variants. Aggregation of variants into functionally related regions, including genes, gene clusters, and pathways, allows for the detection of biological processes that, when interrupted, may impact disease risk. In silico functional studies can also be utilised to further understand how variants disrupt biological processes and identify genotype-phenotype relationships. This study describes the exploration of sequencing datasets from cancers and benign tumour diseases including: i) hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, ii) sweat duct proliferation tumours, iii) adrenocortical carcinoma, and iv) breast cancer. Each set underwent germline whole exome sequencing followed by additional tumour or targeted sequencing to identify associated predisposition genes. Variants within a cluster of risk genes that are involved in double strand break repair were identified as associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer risk via gene ontology enrichment analysis. This cluster included PALB2 within which, using externally collated data, loss of function variants were identified as significantly associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer risk. Germline protein-affecting variants in the myosin gene MYH9 were identified in all individuals with a rare sweat duct proliferative syndrome, suggesting a role for MYH9 in skin development, regulation and tumorigenesis. These MYH9 variants were analysed in silico to identify a genotype-phenotype relationship between the clinical presentation and variants in the ATP binding pocket of the protein. Tumour matched normal sequence data from adrenocortical carcinoma cases was used to elucidate the role of Lynch syndrome genes in disease pathogenesis. Within the breast cancer set, candidate genes were selected to undergo targeted sequencing in a larger set of cases to further explore their role in breast cancer risk. Risk associated genes identified within this study may ultimately aid in diagnosis and management of disease. This thesis has also generated multiple novel tools and sequencing analysis techniques that may be of use for further studies by aiding in the prioritisation of candidate variants. The described techniques will provide support to researchers working on rare, statistically underpowered datasets and to provide standard analysis pipelines for a range of dataset sizes and types, including familial data and unrelated individuals.
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Rybaczyk, Leszek A. "Comparative Gene Expression Analysis To Identify Common Factors In Multiple Cancers." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211958921.
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Kalluru, Vikram Gajanan. "Identify Condition Specific Gene Co-expression Networks." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338304258.
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Laurin, de Castro Judy. "Cancers effekt på sexualitet : en litteraturöversikt för att belysa hur uppfattningen av sexualitet förändras hos personer med cancer - ett förbättringsområde för den palliativa sjuksköterskan." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2442.
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I Sverige avled ca 90 000 personer år 2010 och 80 procent av dessa personer var i behov av palliativ vård. Cancer är en av de stora dödsorsakerna och har dessutom ökat som dödsorsak. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar att kommunicera med personer som vårdas och närstående för att kunna ge information, men också känslomässigt stöd. God kommunikation är en stor del av att stödja personer genom deras sjukdom och kan leda till lindrat lidande. Sexualitet förändras ständigt och är integrerat i hälsa och välbefinnande. Det är förknippat med livskvalitet, självkänsla och självbild och ändå upplever flera partners till personer med cancer, sexualitet som något bortglömt. En möjlig orsak till varför sjuksköterskor inte diskuterar ämnet med personer kan vara brist på kunskap. För att kunna erbjuda personcentrerad omvårdnad och se personen bakom sjukdomen behövs ökad kunskap om hur sexualitet förändras hos personer med cancersjukdom. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur uppfattningen av sexualitet förändras hos personer med cancersjukdom. Metoden som användes var en systematisk litteraturöversikt. Totalt hittades 15 artiklar, åtta kvantitativa och sju kvalitativa artiklar. Fem artiklar hittades via CINAHL och tio via PubMed. En analys av innehållet gjordes och gemensamma teman framkom. Personer med cancer genomgick förändringar gällande sexuell funktion, kroppsuppfattning och sexuell identitet. Hur sexualitet påverkades av cancersjukdom varierade från allvarligt till nästan ingenting. Sexualitetens uttryckssätt förändrades och det var mindre troligt att sexualiteten uttrycktes i form av samlag. Det lades istället betoning på en verbal form av intimitet och vikten av att vara nära. Bristande energi, trötthet och rädsla för att göra sig eller sin partner illa bidrog till minskad samlagsfrekvens. Försämrad kroppsuppfattning var direkt kopplat till sämre sexuellt intresse och njutning. Ett flertal av både kvinnor och män upplevde kroppsliga förändringar som håravfall, viktförlust och förändring av kroppsform vilket ledde till känslor av att vara sexuellt oattraktiv. Endast ett fåtal rapporterade bättre kroppsuppfattning. Både kvinnor och män upplevde förlust av den sexuella identiteten. Sexualitet är ständigt föränderligt och förknippat med både självkänsla och självbild. Föreliggande studie visar att det finns ett behov och en önskan att diskutera området sexualitet med sina vårdgivare, men att det finns vissa barriärer vilka gör att sjuksköterskor inte tar upp ämnet för diskussion. Ångest, otillräcklig utbildning, rädsla att förnärma, sexuell läggning, antaganden att sexualitet inte är ett problem, religion och bristande språkkunskaper var vanliga orsaker till att ämnet sexualitet negligerades. Genom att integrera ett mer personcentrerat arbetssätt i vården av personer med cancer kan hela personen bli sedd istället för endast sjukdom och deras sexualitet kan därmed även bekräftas och diskuteras.
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De, Melo E. Silva Francilene Maria. "Identité, Travail et Genre en psychosomatique : à propos du cancer du sein." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841612.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'évolution clinique des patientes traitées pour un cancer du sein. L'épreuve de la maladie ainsi que son traitement conduisent souvent à des transformations engagées par la question du travail. Ces transformations entraînent souvent ces femmes à remanier leur rapport à leur propre corps érogène, à leur activité et à leur identité sexuée. De façon que l'ensemble du travail (Arbeit/poïésis), fondé sur la reconstruction du corps érogène en lien avec l'acte de travailler, apparaîtra finalement comme élément majeur dans le processus de remaniement psychique qui accompagne le traitement du cancer du sein et le processus de rémission durable remarqué chez nos patientes. A partir de cette nouvelle vision acquise au sein du laboratoire de psychodynamique du travail et de l'action du CNAM, nous avons pris la décision d'engager notre recherche sur la contribution que la psychodynamique du travail et des champs affins peut apporter à notre proposition pour une nouvelle clinique psychosomatique du cancer du sein, ceci, précisément, en analysant la connexion entre les domaines du somatique et du travailler dans le traitement psychologique des patientes atteintes de cette pathologie. Désormais nous envisageons une prise en charge psychique proposée à partir du " rapport subjectif au travail ". Et, ainsi, aider nos patientes, atteintes du cancer du sein, à faire le chemin jusqu'à la conquête d'une nouvelle identité sexuée et à habiter un corps érogènement émancipé.
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Carr, Nicole. "Data Pooling to Identify Differentially Expressed Genes in Lung Cancer of Nonsmokers." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1461881266.
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Soares, Thais Costa Cardoso. "Os movimentos sociocomunicativos de ativistas engajadas na luta contra o câncer de mama no Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5389.
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A pesquisa argumenta sobre as possibilidades de construção de vínculos entre sujeitos comunicantes e o exercício da cidadania, possibilitada pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação. Para tal, analisa os processos digitais de comunicação desenvolvidos pela Federação Brasileira de Instituições Filantrópicas de Apoio à Saúde da Mama (FEMAMA) e as interações de ativistas engajadas na luta contra o câncer de mama, nesses espaços. Por meio da pesquisa teórica problematiza a cidadania, como conceito norteador que conduz as práticas de pesquisa e perpassa os processos comunicacionais. Ainda reflete sobre o pertencimento, como categoria central para o efetivo exercício da cidadania. A pesquisa também aborda as lógicas tecnocomunicativas que cercam os ambientes digitais da organização. O percurso de investigação compreende uma reflexão epistemológica sobre os métodos, seguida dos procedimentos de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, teórica e metodológica. Além disso, a estratégia metodológica trabalha uma combinação da abordagem etnográfica com netnográfica, partindo da análise sistemática dos ambientes digitais da Femama, para a observação de interações presenciais e de entrevistas em profundidade com as ativistas da organização. Os resultados mostram os usos e apropriações que os sujeitos fazem da tecnologia durante suas interações, e verificam que estes espaços comunicacionais têm potencial para o exercício da cidadania comunicativa e para a formação de vínculos identitários. No entanto, constatou-se que para o pleno exercício da cidadania não basta disponibilizar os meios técnicos necessários para interação e participação. É preciso garantir que haja pluralidade de opiniões na forma de planejar e produzir a informação, nos modos de construir os discursos e na maneira de pensar a comunicação como um todo. Além disso, ficou evidente que a perspectiva cidadã precisa fazer parte da própria constituição das organizações, de maneira estrutural, que também se reflita nas práticas cotidianas.
The research argues about the possibilities of bond establishment between individuals and possibilities of exercising, offered by the new technologies of communications. To accomplish it, this research analyzes the digital media developed by The Brazilian Federation of Philanthropic Breast Health Institutions (FEMAMA) and the interactions of the activists engaged on the fight against breast cancer, in these spaces. Trough theoretical research problematize the citizenship, as a guiding concept, which conducts the research practices and goes through communicational processes. It also reflects about the belonging, as a central category to the effective citizenship exercise. The research also address the techno communicative logics in which the organization’s digital spaces are involved. The investigation path concerns an epistemological reflection about methods, followed by the research procedures of documental, bibliographical, theoretical and methodological research. Besides that, the methodological strategy works through a combination of ethnographic and netnografic approaches, starting with the systemic analyses of Femama’s digital spaces, following to present activities observations and interviews with the organization’s activists. The results show the uses and appropriations the individuals do of technology during their interactions, and verifies that those communicational spaces have the potential to the exercise of communicative citizenship and to the formation of identity bonds. Although, it was possible to see that it is not enough to make the technological means to participations and interactions available to guarantee the full citizenship exercise. It is necessary to have diversity of opinions on the information’s planning and producing processes, on the discourse building methods, and on the way of thinking communications as a whole. Besides that, it became clear that the citizen perspective needs to be a part of the own organization constitution, in a structural way, which also reflect itself on daily practices.
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Hayward, J. D. "Next generation sequencing approaches to identify novel susceptibility genes for epithelial ovarian cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1457055/.
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Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women in developed countries and is associated with poor survival due to late diagnoses. Strategies focusing on detecting the disease in the earliest stages and/or improving risk prediction may represent effective clinical intervention reducing disease burden. Women at the greatest risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) can be offered prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oopherectomy (RRSO), which is currently only offered to women with mutations in the highly penetrant susceptibility genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. Previous studies show that 46% of familial cases of EOC carry a deleterious mutation in BRCA1 (37%) or BRCA2 (9%). The residual proportion of familial risk is likely to be attributable to other genetic variants providing a rationale for identifying additional susceptibility alleles using rapid high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) in large samples sizes. A pilot study determines the principle of NGS in mutation detection sequencing BRCA1 gene in 12 DNA samples with known mutations. The 11bp deletion, missed in the analysis, is detected by altering the bioinformatics. The second study sequences 1506 cases and 1130 healthy controls using Fluidigm microfluidic technology and Illumina HiSeq2000 in 6 DNA repair genes (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3 and SLX4). 94% of the targeted region is sequenced with >30 reads. 23 cases and 1 control show a putative protein-truncating variant in 5 genes. Many missense variants are detected in cases and controls suggesting these are not pathogenic. Epidemiological data shows that women with family history and a deleterious mutation develop EOC on average 10 years younger. Interestingly, half of those women with detected mutations have no family history. A final study uses the established NGS approach to characterise the mutation prevalence in 4 known and 5 candidate EOC susceptibility genes in 2300 unaffected women from high-risk breast-ovarian cancer families. BRCA1 and BRCA2 deleterious mutations are identified in 53 and 49 women respectively. Deleterious mutations are detected in 6 additional genes, BRIP1 (n=5), RAD51C (n=3), RAD51D (n=1) PALB2 (n=5), BARD1 (n=1) and NBN (n=3). Importantly, a bioinformatics pipeline is refined to maximise variant detection sensitivity with zero false negatives where read depth is >30X. Further large case-control studies are recommended to examine the population frequencies in these novel genes. These studies demonstrate the potential of targeted NGS approaches for population-wide risk prediction and early detection of EOC.
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Noble, Fergus. "Oesophageal Cancer : strategies to improve outcomes, and identify novel immunological biomarkers and targets." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/408820/.
Full textAbstract:
Oesophageal cancer is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the western world, the 6th most common cause of cancer death and is associated with a 5-year survival of less than 15%. This thesis aims to address current clinical issues in the management of patients with oesophageal cancer in an attempt to improve outcomes. We have assessed the impact of recent innovations in staging and minimally invasive surgery, and suggest potential novel immunological targets and biomarkers to predict response to chemotherapy, morbidity following surgery, and survival. The impact of positron emission tomography - computed tomography in staging was observed in a multi-centre United Kingdom setting and found an additional 9% of occult distant metastases compared to traditional staging methods, justifing its use by reducing the radical treatment of patients with metastatic disease. Minimally invasive oesophagectomy has been recently introduced into practice in a few specialist centres and we compare minimally invasive with open Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy showing there to be no detriment when compared directly for short and medium term outcomes. With regard to improving morbidity we developed and prospectively validated a novel scoring system, based on markers of the systemic inflammatory response, to predict major complications and anastomotic leak earlier than standard postoperative care. Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and oesophagectomy are associated with significant morbidity. To improve outcomes further we firstly define what represents a significant immunopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that both the response in the tumour and lymph node is adopted as a method to evaluate tumour regression, as it is these patients that have a significant benefit. We highlight immunonutritional blood-borne markers that predict both long-term survival and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In terms of novel treatments for oesophageal cancer, immunotherapy remains attractive. Current immunotherapies have not delivered significant results in solid tumours, the reasons for this being multifactorial but include the ability of the tumour to evade the immune response. We define the local tumour inflammatory environment and specific target tumour antigens, cancer testis antigens, as potential cancer vaccine targets and biomarkers in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Handly, Erika Daphne. "CRISPRi screens to identify combination therapies for the improved treatment of ovarian cancer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130803.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, February, 2021Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis. "February 2021."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-168).
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States, with only modest improvements in patient survival in the past few decades. Standard-of-care consists of surgical debulking followed by a combination of platinum and taxane agents, but relapse and resistance frequently occur. To identify genes that confer sensitivity or resistance in tumor cells treated with platinum chemotherapeutics, I performed genome-wide screens combining cisplatin or oxaliplatin with CRISPRi pooled gene knockdowns. Screens were analyzed at 9-days to mimic patient care, and at 48-hours to isolate the short-term DNA damage response. Genes whose knockdown caused sensitivity to the platinum chemotherapeutics were identified through a multi-objective optimization approach to account for knockdown efficiencies and variances in sequencing depth.
To filter the noise in the genome-wide screen and more confidently identify 'hits,' a smaller pooled CRISPRi screen of four hundred targets was designed, and a few 'hits' were validated. Interestingly, knockdown of FAAP24, a component of the FA core complex, was found to sensitize multiple ovarian cancer cells to platinum compounds, and thus may be a promising candidate for a combination treatment with oxaliplatin and cisplatin. Chapter 5 details an implementation of a combination therapy with cisplatin using peptide nanoparticles. Peptide nanoparticles are a promising therapeutic for the delivery of siRNA and allow for targeting of specific proteins that are difficult to inhibit with small molecular inhibitors; specifically, nanoplexes allowed for the targeting of the REV3 protein, the catalytic component of the translesion synthesis polymerase.
Interfering with REV3 expression through siRNA has a synergistic effect with cisplatin treatment in both human and mouse models of lung cancer, indicating that REV3 is an excellent target to combine with cisplatin therapies. This REV3 knock-down sensitivity was also extended to human ovarian cancer cell lines, indicating the potential of the combination treatment for both lung and ovarian cancers.
by Erika Daphne Handly.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
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Murabito, Ettore. "Application of differential metabolic control analysis to identify new targets in cancer treatment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/application-of-differential-metabolic-control-analysis-to-identify-new-targets-in-cancer-treatment(3a9b75ba-027d-449b-af38-263341953418).html.
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In the quest for anti-cancer drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity, cancer metabolism has increasingly been a focus of interest in clinical research. Enhanced glycolysis and robust production of lactate constitute characteristic traits that discriminate many cancerous cells from their normal counterparts. This, in principle, may provide researchers with a general handle on such a complex disease, regardless of the intrinsic genotypic heterogeneity of the single transformed cells. The work carried out during this project and presented in this thesis consists of developing and applying analytical approaches, mainly drawn from the field of metabolic control analysis (MCA), to the study of cancer metabolism. The ultimate goal is to assess whether, and to what extent, the metabolic features of cancer cells may be exploited in the attempt to attack the malignancy more specifically than through traditional clinical approaches. The underlying idea consists of identifying enzymes that represent points of fragility specifically characterising the cancerous metabolic phenotype. These enzymes are such that an alteration in their activity (due for example to the action of an anticancer drug) would elicit the desired response in cancer cells, without affecting their normal counterparts. The application of MCA relies on a mathematical representation of the system under study. Creating such a model is often hampered by the lack of data about the precise kinetic laws governing the different reaction steps and the value of their corresponding parameters. The most important result reached during this project shows that the metabolic quantities defining the normal and cancer phenotypes (such as fluxes and metabolite concentrations), together with heuristic assumptions about the properties of typical enzyme-catalyzed reactions, already allow for a fast and efficient way to explore the effectiveness of putative drug targets with respect to criteria of high efficacy and low toxicity. The relevance of this result lies in the fact that the quantities defining a metabolic phenotype are experimentally more accessible than the kinetic parameters of the different enzymatic steps in the system.
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Looi, Kok Sun. "Using proteomic approach to identify tumor-associated antigens as biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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O'Neill, John Robert. "Strategies to identify novel therapeutic targets for oesophageal adenocarcinoma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10062.
Full textAbstract:
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a leading cause of cancer death in the UK and current systemic therapies are ineffective for the majority of patients. The central aim of this work was to explore strategies to identify novel therapeutic targets. Research has failed, thus far, to identify a dominant oncogene in OAC, although the tumour suppressor p53 is frequently mutated. Inhibiting the mitotic kinase, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1), was proposed as a synthetic lethal strategy. PLK-1 was demonstrated to be over-expressed in both verified OAC cell lines and human OAC tissue compared to non-transformed cells and epithelium. Mutation of p53 was associated with over-expression of PLK-1 in both OAC and ovarian cancer tissue. Using a carefully validated viability assay, both an established and novel PLK-1 inhibitor were demonstrated to induce a G2/M arrest and reduce OAC cell proliferation. Relative selectivity was demonstrated for OAC compared to non-transformed cells. This therapeutic window could be enhanced with the induction of cancer cell cytotoxicity by pulsed administration of a short half-life inhibitor. Immunotherapeutics offer potential tumour-selectivity but no OAC-specific proteins have been defined. A comparative proteomic approach was employed to identify OAC-specific proteins as potential therapeutic targets. A tissue resource was established and methods to lyse fresh frozen biopsies optimised. An isobaric quantitative proteomic workflow was applied to OAC and matched normal biopsies and quantitative accuracy confirmed for 6 candidate proteins by immunohistochemistry. Proteome coverage and quantitative dynamic range were compared between isobaric and label-free systematic sequencing proteomic strategies applied to further patients’ tissues. The challenges of combining incomplete datasets were approached with a Bayesian framework to estimate the probability that a protein was missed during an experiment compared to not being present in the sample. This method was applied to generate a complete set of protein identifications and relative tissue expression. To gain insight into the dysregulated cellular processes in human OAC tissue, a network analysis was applied to the quantitative proteomic data. Enriched functional clusters were identified suggesting deranged glucose metabolism, potentially due to the Warburg effect. These findings were duplicated and candidate tumour-specific proteins identified in a further set of biopsies using the optimised quantitative proteomic method. The combined quantitative oesophageal proteomic dataset represents the largest in OAC to date. This thesis demonstrates a hypothesis-driven, synthetic lethal approach can yield cancer-selective therapeutic effects. Novel candidate therapeutic targets are also revealed through the development of quantitative proteomic methods and the application of network analysis.