Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer – Génétique'
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Quan, Xiao-Jiang. "Etude génétique du développement du cancer mammaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211526.
Full textStieber, Daniel. "Analyse génétique de la sensibilité au cancer mammaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211000.
Full textLevacher, Corentin. "Le déséquilibre ARΝ messager/ARΝ circulaire : nοuveau biοmarqueur en génétique sοmatique et nοuveau facteur de prédispοsitiοn en génétique cοnstitutiοnnelle?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR045.
Full textCircular RNAs (circRNAs), produced by backsplicing, are an emerging new class of RNAs implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Through their multiple functions, circRNAs can modulate the levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), finely regulated linear transcripts. Given that a physiologically balance exists between these two types of transcripts, we hypothesize that a disruption in the levels of this circRNA-mRNA couple plays a role in tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we developed SEALigHTS (Splice and Expression Analyses by exon Ligation and High Throughput Sequencing), an innovative technique for the simultaneous analysis of circRNAs and mRNAs. SEALigHTS is based on the design of probes at exon ends, enabling exploration of all exon-exon junctions. Briefly, after reverse transcription and hybridization of probes to complementary DNA, neighboring probes are ligated, and the number of ligations quantified using unique molecular identifiers and sequencing. As a first step, we analyzed tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue samples. Analysis of the splicing and backsplicing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, involved in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome (HBOC), revealed a significant decrease in the circRNA/mRNA ratio in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (p = 1.6e-09 for BRCA1 and p = 4.4e-05 for BRCA2). In a second step, we studied the splicing and backsplicing of 23 colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition genes in blood samples from 712 CRC-predisposed patients and 249 controls. The circRNA/mRNA ratio was found to be 1.93 times higher in patients than in controls (p < 2e-16). In a third step, we assessed the diagnostic potential of SEALigHTS by studying 44 CRC and HBOC genes. After validating the detection of splicing events for characterized variations, the analysis of prospective patients with SEALigHTS improved the diagnostic yield. This study has enriched our knowledge of the levels of the various linear and circular isoforms of the predisposition genes studied. Beyond their potential as biomarkers in breast cancer or CRC, the disruption of the circRNA/mRNA ratio raises questions about the involvement of circRNAs in somatic and constitutional genetics
Maubec, Eve. "Prédisposition génétique au mélanome : de la génétique à la recherche clinique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T034.
Full textThis thesis had two main objectives: 1) To define groups of patients which may benefit from genetic counseling by identifying predictors of mutations of the CDKN2A gene, a major gene predisposing to cutaneous melanoma (CM) in families with only two cases. 2) Epidemiological and clinical characterization of specific entities of melanoma with the secondary objective of contributing to the identification of susceptibility genes for these entities. Coexistence of CM with renal cell carcinoma and mucosal anogenital melanomas were studied.The study populations are a collection of 293 melanoma patients that were ascertained systematically and the French collection MELARISK which is a collection including over 3000 subjects drawn from families with multiple cases of melanoma or melanoma occurring in a particular context (association with another cancer, rare locations, occurrence before the age of 20, multiple sporadic melanomas).We investigated association of three clinical features with the presence of a CDKN2A mutation in a family by extent of CM family clustering (2 versus ≥3 CM patients among first-degree relatives in a family).The study was conducted in 483 French families including 387 families with two melanoma patients, and 96 families with three or more patients with melanoma. The factors examined individually and in a joint analysis in a family were: median age at diagnosis <50 years, ≥1 patient in a family with multiple primary melanomas (MPM) or with pancreatic cancer. The frequency of CDKN2A mutations was higher in F3+ families (32%) than in F2 families (13%). While early age at melanoma diagnosis and occurrence of MPM in ≥1 patient were significantly associated with the risk of a CDKN2A mutation in F2 families, early age at melanoma diagnosis and occurrence of pancreatic cancer in a family were significantly associated with CDKN2A mutations in F3+ families. Thus this study showed that clinical features associated with CDKN2A mutations vary, in France, a country of low incidence of melanoma, according to the degree of familial clustering. Identifying predictors of CDKN2A mutations in families with two melanoma cases has helped to define subgroups of families (early age at CM diagnosis, and/or ≥1 MPM patient) in which the frequency of CDKN2A mutations is above 20% such that these subgroups of F2 families should be offered genetic testing.The analysis of two series of patients, either patients with melanoma coexisting with renal cell carcinoma or patients with anogenital mucosal melanoma identified their clinical and histological features by comparing them to a series of melanomas that were ascertained systematically. In both series, our results suggested a genetic predisposition at least partly independent of CDKN2A. The study of the c renal cell carcinoma; coexistence of CM and renal cancer in the same patient had two practical consequences for clinicians: it suggests the interest of a dermatologic screening visit in patients with renal cell carcinoma and that abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography scanning performed at the initial workup and during the follow-up of patients with CM may be of value for the early detection of renal cancer. Regarding genetic research, this series has contributed to the identification of a germline mutation in the MITF gene that increases the risk of developing melanoma, renal cancer or both cancers and has interesting biological properties. The study of anogenital melanoma has shown that these melanomas could be associated with cutaneous melanoma in the same patient and it has also shown a high frequency of family history of melanoma associating mucosal and CM suggesting a shared genetic predisposition. Consequently dermatological screening or monitoring must include examination of both skin and mucosa in families with multiple cases of CM; and in case of a mucosal melanoma, a dermatological examination should be offered to relatives. The genetic mechanism has to be identified
Bigot, Pierre. "Approche génétique et protéomique de la carcinogénèse rénale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066077.
Full textKidney cancer is the 7th largest solid tumors in adults and its incidence is rising. The purpose of our research was to study renal carcinogenesis and to identify prognostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.We used the isobaric tagging iTRAQ® to perform a relative quantification of kidney tumor proteins. After proteomic analysis, 928 constitutive proteins were identified and 346 had a modified expression in tumor compared with that of normal tissue. Pathway and integrated analyses indicated the presence of an up-regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in aggressive tumors. In total, 14 proteins were excreted and could potentially become biomarkers. Among them, we confirmed that TGFBI was significantly associated with oncologic outcomes.To understand renal carcinogenesis, we investigated the 12p11.23 renal cancer susceptibility locus. The first step was to confirm this locus by an independent study. Then we performed a functional analysis of the 12p11.23 region in relation to RCC risk. Our results suggest rs7132434 is a functional SNP at 12p11.23 responsible for the GWAS RCC signal, and that this locus acts as an enhancer of SHARP1 expression by binding c-Jun. Further investigations will be necessary to understand the role of SHARP1 in renal carcinogenesis
Lefèvre, Jérémie. "Génétique du cancer colorectal : polyposes adénomateuses non liées à APC et cancers de survenue précoce." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833304.
Full textShafei-Benai͏̈ssa, Effat. "La naevomatose basocellulaire : prédisposition génétique au cancer et instabilité chromosomique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2280.
Full textValeri, Antoine. "Etude génétique, épidémiologique et clinique du cancer de la prostate familial." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD07.
Full textNicolle, Rémy. "Regulatory networks driving bladder cancer." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EVRY0009/document.
Full textCarcinogenesis is a consequence of the unceasing activation of cell proliferation. In normal cells, mito-genic stimuli are processed by a complex network of protein interactions and enzymatic reactions, often referred to as pathways, which can eventually trigger the activation of new genes to engage the cell into mitosis. During developmental or wound healing processes, this complex regulation of cellular phenotypes results in a tight control of the number and behavior of cells and therefore contributes to the maintenance of a functional and healthy tissue architecture. Based on genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of bladder tumors and transcriptomes of nor-mal urothelial cells at various states of proliferation and differentiation, I devised novel methodologies to characterize the pathways driving bladder cancer. I first developed a set of tools to identify and visualize sample and subtype-specific transcriptional pro-grams through the inference of a co-regulatory network and the prediction of transcription factor activity. These methods were embedded in a Bioconductor package entitled CoRegNet (bioconductor.org). The measure of transcriptional activity is based on the influence of a transcription factor on the expression of its target genes and was used to characterize the most active regulators of each bladder cancer subtypes. The integration of genomic profiles highlighted two altered transcription factors with driver roles in lumi-nal-like and basal-like bladder cancer, one of which was experimentally validated. The use of CoRegNet to model the contribution of regulatory programs of normal proliferation and diffe-rentiation in bladder cancers underlined a strong preservation of normal networks during tumorigenesis. Furthermore, a regulator of normal proliferation was found to be constitutively activated by genetic al-terations and its influence on bladder cancer cell proliferation was experimentally validated. In addition, a master regulator of urothelial differentiation was found to have a loss of activity in nearly all tumors. This was then associated to the discovery of frequent inactivating mutations and further analysis unco-vered a major role in differentiated tumors. In order to characterize signaling pathways from proteomic pull-down assays, I then designed a novel algorithm to grow a densely connected network from a set of proteins and a repository of protein interac-tions. The proposed algorithm was made available as a Cytoscape application named Pepper for Protein Complex Expansion using Protein- Protein interaction networks (apps.cytoscape.org). Finally, using both a proteomic pull-down assay of the bladder cancer oncogene FGFR3 and a transcrip-tomic profiling of its downstream regulated genes, I applied Pepper to characterize the full FGFR3 signa-ling pathway from its protein partners to the downstream transcriptional regulators. In particular, this uncovered a regulatory link between FGFR3 and the tumor suppressor TP53
Robiou, du Pont Sébastien. "Étude d'association cas-témoins pour l'identification de gènes de prédisposition au cancer colorectal sporadique." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=e4d7dcbe-e008-4983-be95-e2a6b6ad6947.
Full textColorectal cancers (CRC) constitute the third most frequent cancer in France. Two distinct forms of CRC can be distinguished: the family forms (25%), due to deleterious mutations in known high-risk genes, and sporadic forms (75%), induced by the combined effect of both genetic and environmental risk factors not identified yet. In order to determine the genetic component of sporadic CRC, we conducted a case-control association study using low-penetrance genetic variants. By a “candidate gene approach”, we demonstrated the CRC-predisposing effect of 5 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) located genes PTGS1, IL8, MTHFR, PLA2G2A, PPARG, almost all involved in procarcinogenetic inflammatory events. By focusing on metabolic pathway,we highlighted a gene-environment interaction between cytochromes P450 SNPs and great red meat consumption. By a genome-wide association study based on DNA pools, we eventually showed, in our population, the involvement of two others SNPs located in CDH13 and UTP6, the predisposing effect of the CDH13 SNP being strengthened by a genotype-mRNA expression rate correlation. The fact that CDH13 belongs to the cadherin superfamily, whose members have a clear role in cancer, leads us to continue our investigations by analyzing the involvement of other SNPs of cadherin genes in CRC
Valent, Alexander. "Évolution génétique du neuroblastome au cours de la progression tumorale." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120047.
Full textChampeimont, Raphael. "Combinatoire des mutations génétiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066636/document.
Full textIn a first part, I show the work I have done on molecular evolution. I present the general biological background and the measures that allow us to detect both conservation and coevolution at the amino-acid level. Then, I present an application of these measures to the detection of critical residues in the cancer protein P53. To this end, I have made a benchmark of different prediction methods. I then use the same methodology on a large scale database of pathogenic mutations linked to genetic diseases. After that, I show how residue-level coevolution can help us discover protein-protein interactions in the hepatitis C virus. Finally, I present the PruneTree algorithm, which allows filtering sequence sets used as input for molecular coevolution detection methods. In a second part, I have studied evolution at the genome level, in particular the recombination mechanisms that occur during meiosis. I have looked at the recombination rates along the genomes and its primary cause, the double-strand breaks, but also at the density of other proteins involved in recombination. I also present a method based on Fourier transforms to analyze these genomic signals, and a model for the distribution along the genome of double-strand breaks and recombination proteins. Finally, I present the other tools I have developed. I describe a novel algorithm that can simulate the evolution of genomes in order to benchmark the phylogenetic reconstruction algorithm PhyChro. Finally, I present the R-CLAG package that allows for easy use of the clustering algorithm CLAG
Fabbro, Michel. "Apport de la biologie moléculaire à l'épidémiologie génétique du cancer du sein." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11083.
Full textTournier, Isabelle. "Mécanismes d'inactivation des gènes impliqués dans les deux formes majeures de prédisposition héréditaire aux cancers : la prédisposition aux cancers du sein et de l'ovaire et le cancer colorectal héréditaire non polyposique (HNPCC) ou syndrome de Lynch." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUE04NR.
Full textDucy, Mandy. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de variations génétiques dans PALB2, un gène de susceptibilité au cancer du sein." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35287.
Full textNicol-Benoit, Floriane. "Rétroactions positives et mémoire cellulaire : exemples dans l'expression génétique et le métabolisme cellulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S115/document.
Full textBeyond the genetic information contained in the DNA sequence of cells, there is a cellular memory called epigenetic, including genetic circuits with positive feedback loops amplifying or maintaining cellular states in time. We studied through two examples, the positive feedback loops as part of response to a signal, able to set cell behavior, in a dynamic and robust way. As a first step, we identified a self-amplification loop in the production of trout vitellogenin explaining the "vitellogenesis memory effect" (a second estradiol stimulation induces higher and faster vitellogenin production than during the first stimulation, even though the vitellogenin level falls to zero between the two stimuli). The model we propose involves a truncated estradiol receptor, with a basal activity even in the absence of its ligand, which is able to maintain the cell in an estrogen-responsive state without producing vitellogenin. In a second step, we studied one of the possible causes leading to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), involved in cancer metastasis. The EMT reflects a more aggressive state of tumor cells and is associated with a particular change in the metabolism of cancer cells, reducing the part of oxidative phosphorylation in favor of glycolysis (Warburg effect). This leads to a reduction in the efficiency of ATP production, forcing the cells to take more nutrients from their environment. This observation led to the development of treatments based on glucose deprivation which should mainly affect cancer cells. We studied the effects of a low cellular ATP content on cell transformation. We observed that a treatment with a non-metabolizable glucose analogue drastically reduces the ATP content of cells that had undergone EMT and induces morphological and genetic changes enforcing the mesenchymal phenotype. We identified the transcriptional coactivator MKL1, whose activity is regulated by actin polymerization, as a possible genetic link between the cellular metabolic state and maintenance of EMT. These results suggest strong connections between the EMT and the energy level of the cells, and raise serious questions about the benefits of the long-term therapy "starving" tumor cells, considering that energy deprivation could aggravate the mesenchymal cell phenotype
Ayme, Aurélie. "Prédispositions génétiques au cancer du sein et de l'ovaire dans la population suisse entre 1996 et 2009 : bilan de l'activité oncogénétique et du dépistage de mutations constitutionnelles dans les gènes BRCA1/BRCA2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5081.
Full textGenetic predispositions are responsible for 5 to 10 % of all breast and ovarian cancers. The main breast/ovarian cancer predisposing genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2. For some years, the screening of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes is provided in a clinical setting. At the Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG, Geneva, Switzerland), a consultation in predictive oncology has been set up since 1994 for individuals concerned by the evaluation of their familial cancer risk and the probability to carry a genetic predisposition to cancer. Until 2009, the single national laboratory for BRCA1/BRCA2 testing was established in the HUG. The objectives of this work were to evaluate different aspects of the consultation process for breast/ovarian cancer predisposition syndromes provided in our Unit and to review all BRCA1/BRCA2 complete screenings (n=1’163) performed between 1996 and 2009. Results of the present study will certainly influence future activity in predictive oncology, particularly regarding the role of the genetic counselor
Bourgaux, Jean-François. "Les anticorps anti-P53 : utilisation dans le suivi de cancers colo-rectaux opérés : étude de 41 cas." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11045.
Full textBonadona, Valérie. "Le cancer du sein de survenue précoce : aspects cliniques, épidémiologiques et génétiques à partir d'une étude prospective dans le Rhône." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10191.
Full textPiessevaux, Géraldine. "Analyse génétique du cancer du mammaire chez le rat: étude de lignées congéniques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210376.
Full textMahboub-Roy, Yasmina. "Anomalies génétiques des cancers colorectaux et leur détermination en pratique médicale : étude de faisabilité." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M012.
Full textPlourde, Marie. "Identification et caractérisation des variants de séquences des gènes HSD17B1, HSD17B2, HSD17B7 et HSD17B12 chez des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et possédant une forte histoire familiale de cancer du sein et de l'ovaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20495.
Full textMarionneau-Lambot, Séverine. "Étude du rôle des antigènes ABH et Lewis dans deux pathologies : le cancer colique et les gastro-entérites à Novovirus." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT26VS.
Full textThe structure and biosynthesis of blood group antigens are well defined, but their biological roles remain poorly understood. In this thesis, we try to define the function of these antigens in two pathologies: cancer and Norovirus gastro-enteritis (Norwalk-like virus). In man, the ABH and Lewis antigens expression is modified during cancerogenesis. To gain insights into the biological meaning of these alterations, we used a rat colon carcinoma model. By modulating H and A antigens expression through transfection of glycosyltransferases genes needed for their synthesis, we observed that the A and H antigens increased the tumorigenicity of cancerous cells and allowed their immune escape. This increased tumorigenicity correlated with an increased resistance to apoptosis induced by heat shock or serum deprivation. Cells with H antigen were aditionally more resistant to LAK cell lysis than cells devoid of the antigen. The molecular mechanism of this resistance to apoptosis is not defined but it could implicate the CD44 protein which is the major carrier molecule of these antigens in our model. Blood group antigens are involved in interactions with pathogens. In the present work we studied noroviruses. These viruses are the most important cause of non-bacterial epidemics of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. By homology with another member of this virus family, the RHDV which uses the H type 2 antigen for its binding on rabbit epithelial cells, we searched for the Norwalk virus receptor among carbohydrate blood group antigens. We show that Norwalk virus uses H type 1/3 to bind to the intestinal epithelial cells. A work with volunteers, in collaboration with the team of C Moe (USA) allowed us to conclude that H type 1/3 is the Norwalk virus receptor since individuals genetically devoid of this antigen were never infected. A study with J Jiang team (USA) revealed distinct binding patterns of noroviruses to the saliva of volunteers in relation with their ABO, Lewis and secretor phenotypes. Collectively, these viruses may infect almost all (over 98%) humans, but not all blood types are susceptible to all noroviruses. The experimental results are discussed to propose hypotheses as to the ABH and Lewis biological meaning
Kusy, Sophie. "Régulation de l'expression et fonction anti-tumorale de la sémaphorine SEMA3F." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2288.
Full textOur group cloned the SEMA3F gene in the 3p21. 3 chromosomic region. It is a secreted protein initially implicated in the cellular migration. Our aims were to study the regulation of SEMA3F expression and to verify its anti-tumoral rule in the animal. We have mapped the promoter of SEMA3F, localized the transcriptional initiation sites within the CpG-island and defined the region necessary for transcriptional activation. The methylation of SEMA3F and the chromatin remodeling are implicated in this regulation. We also have studied the expression and the biological properties of the two spliced forms of SEMA3F during the maturation of the mouse brain. Although functionally redundant, these forms are characterized by a temporal and regional specific regulation. Finally, we have described the anti-tumoral activity of SEMA3F into the lungs of nude rats. The neuropilin 2, integrins and MAPKinases seem to be implicated in this effect
Mênard, Jean-Christophe. "Le syndrome de Lynch : aspects génétiques du cancer colorectal : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M003.
Full textLesueur, Fabienne. "La prédisposition génétique aux cancers non-médullaires de la thyroïde : analyse de liaison génétique sur les formes familiales : étude d'association entre les variants allèliques du proto-oncogène RET et les formes papillaires sporadiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T185.
Full textPouliot, Marie-Christine. "Caractérisation de la signature transcriptionnelle chez des femmes québécoises avec une histoire familiale de cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27355.
Full textIn Canada, 5 to 10% of breast cancer cases are inherited and come from high-risk families. However, the majority of hereditary breast cancer is not yet characterized. Alternative splicing (AS) is a mechanism known to be involved in cancer development. The analysis of transcriptome in high-risk breast cancer individuals affected with breast cancer or not could reveal transcripts implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and development. RNA-seq technology was used to characterize the transcriptome in French Canadian families with high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. RNA extracted from immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines of 117 women (affected or unaffected) and issued from BRCA1, BRCA2 or non-BRCA1/2 (BRCAX) families was used. Anova and Bonferroni tests followed by Scheffé test were performed to detect significantly and differentially expressed transcripts within these groups. In total, 95 transcripts corresponding to 85 genes were significant (p-value < 0.01). Hierarchical clustering based on transcriptional data allowed distinctive subgrouping of BRCA1/2 subgroups from BRCAX individuals. Enrichment in signaling pathways such as EIF2, IL-3 and mTOR was obtained. Furthermore, 28 transcripts were differentially expressed between BRCAX affected and unaffected women. The identification of differentially expressed transcripts could allow identifying individuals with a high susceptibility for breast cancer.
Guenat, David. "Etude de la prédisposition génétique au cancer dans le syndrome de Williams-Beuren." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3008.
Full textWilliams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion at 7q11.23. The case of a young girl with WBS who developed a Burkitt lymphoma at the age of 7 leads us to explore the genetic link between WBS and cancer. The study of a series of cancers occurred in WBS patients during childhood have shown that B-cell non hodgkin lymphoma are over-represented in this population since 73% cancer cases in WBS were B-NHL. The critical region of WBS was explored by array-CGH and high-throughput sequencing in normal and tumor samples from WBS patients. No loss of heterozygosity at 7q11.23 was found. ln addition, a somatic deletion at 7q11.23 was observed in a sporadic case of Burkitt lymphoma (Guenat D et al., J Hematol Oncol, 2014). DNA damage response mechanisms were then explored in primary fibroblast cell lines derived from WBS patients as well as in 293T cell line treated with siRNA targeting RFC2, GTF2/ and BAZ1 B, 3 genes mapping at 7q11.23 that encode proteins involved in DNA damage response. WBS patients cell lines have shown a defect in ATM/ ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathways (Guenat D et al., DNA Repair, article submitted). Haploinsufficiency of the 7q11.23 region associated with WBS might play a role in B-cell lymphomagenesis through the alteration of ATM/ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathways. However, these results deserve to be confirmed in mouse models that reproduce the complete genotype of human WBS. Finally, strong epidemiological data would be required to confirm the predisposition to cancer in WBS patients
Bencheikh, Meryem. "Pertes d'hétérozygotie dans les cancers du sein : incidence et corrélations avec d'autres altérations génomiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20065.
Full textCornu, Jean-Nicolas. "Facteurs de risques génétiques associés à la patho-biologie du vieillissement prostatique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037914.
Full textBen, Chaaben El Hani Arij. "Immunogénétique du stress oxydatif dans le cancer du nasopharynx en Tunisie." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077213.
Full textNasopharyngeal cancer is a malignant neoplasm with multifactorial etiology. Current data suggest a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Indeed, infection with EBV and genetic control of biological processes such as inflammation or oxidative stress or both were identified as risk factors for NPC. Overall, a shift in the balance between production of oxidative stress and antioxidant response is believed to play a major role in susceptibility / résistance to the NPC and in tumor progression. Initially, we assessed whether the functional polymorphisms of genes involved in inflammation such as 11-12 (+1188 A/C), NOS3(-7*6 T/ C, VNTR (27pb) intron 4 and +894 G/ T), NOS2( -1659 C/T, -1026G/T and -277A/G) and the deletion affecting genes involved in detoxification such as GSTs (GSTT10/0 and GSTM1 0/0). We found that genotypes IL-12+1188CC, NOS3-786CC, 894GT + TT, NOS2-277GG and GSTT1 deO/0 are independently associated with the incidence of NPC. These genetic data on genes encoding enzymes involved in the process pro-and anti-oxidant suggest that dysfunction of redox stress may increase the risk among those reached by the NPC and sensitive to other factors. In a second step, we complement these observations by a functional study to quantify the status of oxidative stress in these individuals with NPC. Indeed, we assayed a marker of oxidative stress is 8-OHdG in sera from patients and controls. The 8-OHdG is an oxidized base caused by DNA damage as a result of ROS. Our results suggest that the rate of 8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients than in controls. These results have therefore confirmed the presence of oxidative stress in patients with NPC. From this result, we constitute a genetic model for diagnostic and prognostic of NPC
Castro, Vega Luis Jaime. "Contributions de l'instabilité télomérique aux phénotypes tumoraux : impact sur le profil d'expression génétique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066384.
Full textVallet, Sophie. "Variabilité génétique de la protéase NS3 du virus de l'hépatite C." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES3104.
Full textNS3 protease is essential for HCV replication, and is one of the most promising targets for anti-HCV therapy. In a first work, the genetic heterogeneity of the protease gene was analysed in 17 HCV gentype 1 pre-therapeutic samples distributed according to their subsequent response to standard combination therapy. Variability of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences was found. No association between the outcome of bitherapy and mutational pattern before treatment was found. A particular pattern including three deletions and one insertion in four clones of the quasispecies was found for one patient. In a second work, as there are different arguments for a putative role of the HCV NS3 protease in the carcinogenesis process, we searched for a genetic pattern of NS3 protease in relation with evolution from viral cirrhosis to HCC. No specific residues or motifs were detected as predictive of cirrhosis outcome in a case controle population of 10 cirrhotic patients
Miet, Sophie. "Analyse d'échantillons multiples de carcinomes prostatiques : identification d'altérations génétiques précoces." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T130.
Full textAury-Landas, Juliette. "Déterminisme génétique du syndrome de Li-Fraumeni : impact des mutations du gène TP53 et contribution des variations du nombre de copies d'ADN." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES003.
Full textSobol, Hagay. "Prédisposition génétique au cancer : l'exemple du cancer médullaire de la thyroïde : localisation génique et proposition de dépistage des individus à risque." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T120.
Full textTessereau, Chloé. "Le macrosatellite RNU2 : caractérisation, évolution et lien avec la prédisposition génétique au cancer du sein." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058217.
Full textBergeron, Marjorie-Allison. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle des sous-unités α5 et ß5 des intégrines dans le contexte du mélanome uvéal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24702.
Full textSheta, Razan. "Elucidating the role of the family of GalNAc-Transferases in aberrant protein O-glycosylation in the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29818.
Full textEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, thus understanding the molecular changes associated with ovarian cancer metastasis could lead to the identification of essential therapeutic targets. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins playing a major role in various cell properties. Glycosylation participates in major pathophysiology events during tumor progressions, and the aberrant expression of glycan structures was shown to interfere with cell properties such as cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The lab has previously identified the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3) gene, a member of the GalNAc-Transferases (GalNAc-Ts) gene family, as hypomethylated and overexpressed in high-grade (HG) serous EOC tumors, compared to low malignant potential (LMP) EOC tumors and normal ovarian tissues. Taken together, the data obtained were indicative of a strong oncogenic potential of the GALNT3 gene in advanced EOC and suggest that GALNT3 overexpression might contribute to EOC dissemination through aberrant mucin O-glycosylation, thus specifying some of the putative mechanisms of abnormal glycosylation implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis, which warrant further investigation. The current research project focused on expanding the in vitro observations obtained by using animal models to investigate in vivo the functional significance of GALNT3 and other close members of the GalNAc-Ts gene family in serous EOC progression. Moreover, by applying a mass-independent chemical glycoproteomics platform to characterize intact, metabolically labeled glycopeptides, this project more profoundly characterized the role of GALNT3 in aberrant O-glycosylation of mucin-like targets in EOC cells. Isotopically recorded ions were searched against the Swiss-Prot human proteome; and data obtained were indicative of hundreds of unique glycoproteins and glycopeptides that were differentially expressed upon GALNT3 KD. Related gene groups were identified, and interestingly, genes implicated in mechanisms of cellular metabolic functions, and PTMs were found to be predominantly suppressed in GALNT3 KD clones. In accordance, we also investigated the role of other members of the GalNAc-T family in EOC and we showed that multiple members and not only GALNT3 can play an important role in EOC cancer dissemination and progression. One very interesting finding was the redundant role some members of the GalNAc-T family members play in EOC. We investigated the compensatory functions of GALNT3 and GALNT6, and we were able to demonstrate these two genes can impose that synthetic backup. Furthermore, we found that and their ablation can affect animal survival and tumor formation as observed both in vivo and in vitro. In continuation of this work, this project will focus on analyzing the glycan structures of those differentially expressed glycoproteins, to further examine the specific O-glycans alterations associated with the GALNT3 and other members of the GalNAc-Ts upon gene knockout (KO). Fully elaborated glycopeptides can reveal structural details of the glycoproteome, thus our results could give important information on the glycome in EOC cells, and the identification of other O-glycoproteins/mucin-like targets whose aberrant expression may be modulated by these in EOC. Taken together, the ability to mark differences in the glycosylation of proteins between cancer cells and control cells can emphasize glycobiology as a promising field for potential biomarker identification.
Bacquin, Agathe. "Régulation de l’hélicase FBH1 et conséquences sur le maintien de la stabilité génétique chez l’homme." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T060.
Full textAlthough Homologous Recombination (HR) is required for error-free repair of double-strand breaks and stalled or collapsed replication forks, it has to be highly regulated to prevent unscheduled genome rearrangements and loss of heterozygosity. In yeast S. cerevisiae, the SUMOylated form of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) recruits the DNA helicase Srs2 at stalled replication forks to prevent unscheduled HR events by disrupting Rad51 nucleoprotein. In our laboratory, previous results showed that PCNA is also SUMOylated in human on lysine 164, especially in translesion polymerase η (Pol η) deficient cells.During my phD, I first studied the localization of SUMO-PCNA and showed that it accumulates at UV-induced DNA damage. It suggests that PCNA is involved in the DNA damage response to this kind of lesions. To characterize the function of this modified form of PCNA, we wondered whether it could recruit an anti-recombinogenic helicase.The human FBH1 helicase was recently thought to act as a functional homolog of Srs2, since it can partially complement Srs2-deficient S. cerevisiae strains. Besides, hFBH1 has an anti-recombinogenic activity and accumulates at sites of DNA breaks or replication stress.To further characterize the function and regulation of hFBH1 in human cells, we examined its subcellular localization in response to several DNA damaging agents. Our results showed that, without external treatment, FBH1 accumulates into replication foci where it colocalizes with PCNA. After genotoxic treatment, FBH1 accumulates early ant transiently to DNA damage. We show that PCNA coordinates the accumulation of FBH1 during replication and after DNA damage through direct interaction via two distinct PCNA interaction motifs: PIP and APIM. However, FBH1 does not interact preferentially with SUMO-PCNA.We also show that FBH1 recruitment is followed by its polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. This degradation depends on PCNA and the ubiquitin-ligase CRL4Cdt2 and is required for Pol η proper recruitment to UV-induced DNA damage. These findings suggest that PCNA recruits FBH1 at stalled replication forks or in response to DNA damage to limit unscheduled RAD51-dependent recombination. Then, PCNA and CRL4Cdt2 would promote FBH1 degradation to enable translesion synthesis
Champeimont, Raphael. "Combinatoire des mutations génétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066636.
Full textIn a first part, I show the work I have done on molecular evolution. I present the general biological background and the measures that allow us to detect both conservation and coevolution at the amino-acid level. Then, I present an application of these measures to the detection of critical residues in the cancer protein P53. To this end, I have made a benchmark of different prediction methods. I then use the same methodology on a large scale database of pathogenic mutations linked to genetic diseases. After that, I show how residue-level coevolution can help us discover protein-protein interactions in the hepatitis C virus. Finally, I present the PruneTree algorithm, which allows filtering sequence sets used as input for molecular coevolution detection methods. In a second part, I have studied evolution at the genome level, in particular the recombination mechanisms that occur during meiosis. I have looked at the recombination rates along the genomes and its primary cause, the double-strand breaks, but also at the density of other proteins involved in recombination. I also present a method based on Fourier transforms to analyze these genomic signals, and a model for the distribution along the genome of double-strand breaks and recombination proteins. Finally, I present the other tools I have developed. I describe a novel algorithm that can simulate the evolution of genomes in order to benchmark the phylogenetic reconstruction algorithm PhyChro. Finally, I present the R-CLAG package that allows for easy use of the clustering algorithm CLAG
Sévilla, Christine. "Evaluation économique des innovations biomédicales : l'exemple de la diffusion des tests génétiques en oncologie." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0045.
Full textThe localisation and the identification of two breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have made it possible the introduction of genetic testing for predisposition to these cancers in new medical practices, intended for at risk persons identified on the basis of their idividual and familial characteristics. The objective of this work is to study the diffusion of this brand-new biomedical innovation and the difficulties it generates. After having presented the general factors of the diffusion of innovations identified by the economic theory, on the supply side and on the demand side, we present the problem posed by the genetic testing : we show how the diffusion of these tests poses some difficulties related to the general factors of diffusion or to problems more specific to activities of predictive medicine, but also how the resolution of some difficulties necessitates the adoption of a normative approach
Ennour-Idrissi, Kaoutar. "Associations entre la longueur des télomères et les facteurs pronostiques du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27561.
Full textTelomeres are highly specialized structures capping the ends of chromosomes that ensure genome integrity during replication. As telomere length is an indicator of cell aging, telomere shortening has been linked to aging-related diseases, especially cancer. Several studies suggest that lifestyle factors, which are modifiable factors and have been associated with breast cancer prognosis, have an impact on telomere length and that telomere length may be associated with breast cancer prognosis. The present project objective was to investigate the association of telomeres with traditional and potential breast cancer prognostic factors. First, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current state of knowledge concerning the value of telomere length as a prognostic factor. This systematic review identified important methodological differences that could account for the overall inconclusive results of previous studies and highlighted the potential value of telomere length as a breast cancer prognostic marker. A cross-sectional exploratory study was then performed to examine the association of peripheral white blood cells telomere length with traditional and potential prognostic factors among 162 breast cancer patients consecutively recruited at the « Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia » in Quebec City. This study identified a positive association between specific domains of physical activity and telomere length in peripheral white blood cells. Even though an association of telomere length with traditional breast cancer prognostic factors was not identified, the value of telomere length as a breast cancer prognostic marker deserves to be explored through an unbiased longitudinal survival study.
Jagla, Monika. "Etude de l'impact de mutations du domaine de liaison à l'ADN sur les fonctions du récepteur des androgènes dans le cancer de la prostate." Strasbourg 1, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/JAGLA_Monika_2007.pdf.
Full textTadlaoui, Hbibi Ali. "Détection de facteurs de transcription actifs dans le cancer colorectal et inhibition spécifique de leur activité par des oligonucléotides leurres : applications à STAT3 et NF-kB." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132023.
Full textThe important role of transcription factors such as STAT3 and Nf-kB in biological processes, and their involvement in oncogenesis, justifies the numerous studies on these factors. To inhibit and control their activities appears to be promising therapeutic approach. Firstly, we have shown that STAT3 is constitutively activated in colon cancer and is associated with histopronostics features. In secondly, we inhibited the transcription factors STAT3 and NF-kB in cancer cell lines, we using decoy oligonucleotide containing the consensus target ssequences of these two factors. The decoy oligonucleotides induce the death of a cell line of colon cancer (SW480), however, the decoy ODN of STAT3 was found to interact with STAT1 and prevent IFNy action. Thus, it's of interest to inhibit transcription factors in tumor cells but specific issues are not resolved
Vallot, Céline. "Mécanismes épigénétiques régionaux dans le cancer." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T059.
Full textMarchiq, Ibtissam. "Hypoxie et métabolisme tumoral : analyse génétique et fonctionnelle des symporteurs H+/lactate et de leur chaperone, BASIGINE." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4066/document.
Full textEnhanced glucose and glutamine catabolism has become a recognized feature of cancer cells, leading to accumulation of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment, which offers growth advantages to tumours. Among these metabolites is emerging as a key signalling molecule that plays a pivotal role in cancer cell migration and metastasis. In this thesis, we focused on the genetic and functional characterization of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1 and 4, which are H+/lactate symporters that require an interaction with an ancillary protein, CD147/BASIGIN (BSG), for their plasma membrane expression and function. To further explore the physiology of MCT/BSG complexes and validate the blockade of lactic acid export as an anti-cancer strategy, we designed experiments using Zinc Finger Nuclease mediated BSG and/or MCT4 gene knockouts in human colon adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines. First of all, we demonstrated that the major protumoural action of BSG is to control the energetics of glycolytic tumours via MCT1/4 activity and not to produce matrix metalloproteases. Second, we showed for the first time that combined inhibition of both MCT1 and MCT4 transporters is required to achieve a significant reduction in the tumour growth in vivo. Moreover, our findings reported that disruption of the BSG gene dramatically reduced the plasma membrane expression and lactate transport activity of both MCT1 and MCT4, leading to increased accumulation of intracellular pools of lactic and pyruvic acids, decreased intracellular pH and reduced rate of glycolysis
Busson, Adeline. "Interaction fonctionnelle de la protéine RBM15B avec les complexes CDK11p110/cyclines L : rôle de ces protéines à l'interface entre transcription et épissage." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S048.
Full textThe CDK11p110/cyclin L complexes contribute to the control of transcription and RNA maturation. We searched for new binding partners of CDK11p110 and identified the protein RBM15B. We have demonstrated that RBM15B inhibits preRNA splicing through functional competition with the CDK11p110/cycline L2α complex. RBM15B also interacts with the co-repressor of transcription NCoR and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 suggesting its involvement in the control of transcription. Gene profiling analysis led us to identify several target genes of RBM15B including the transcription factor ATF3 and the gene SLC7A11 encoding the sub-unit xCT of the cystine/glutamate transporter. Reported alterations of CDK11 and cyclin L1α in various tumours led us to initiate the study of their expression levels as well as those of RBM15B, ATF3 and SLC7A11 in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and peritumoral hepatic parenchyma. Our preliminary data indicate a strong induction of SLC7A11 in HCCs compared to normal tissues
Bergeron, Marie-Ève. "Effet de la cryptorchidie sur le transcriptome testiculaire humain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23010.
Full textExpression level of numerous genes may be affected by environmental condition and lead to development of cryptorchidism. The most common congenital malformation in male is cryptorchidism. One major consequence of this anomaly is infertility due to undescended testis, to which an increased risk of testicular cancer is associated. Expression of total RNAs isolated from testicular biopsies were analysed with microarray. This was followed by subsequent bioinformatic analysis and RT-qPCR validation of many highlighted genes. Those analyses allowed me to identified more than two thousand genes that showed a differential expression between normal and cryptorchid subjects. Among these highlighted and validated genes, some can be either associated to testicular descent, to testicular cancer, or to specific cell types in testes. Differences in transcriptome due to cryptorchidism should give us clues to identify the genetic causes of this malformation.
Lecarpentier, Julie. "Étude des facteurs modificateurs du risque de cancer du sein des femmes à risque génétique élevé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910388.
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