Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer du sein post-partum'
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Charifou, Elsa. "Characterization and impact of cellular senescence during mammary gland involution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS559V2.pdf.
Full textCellular senescence is a biological stress response characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest. Nonetheless, cells remain metabolically active and acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a complex secretome composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix remodeling modulators. Senescence is associated with various pathological processes, such as tumorigenesis and aging. However, it is unknown when, where and how senescence contributes to physiological processes. To answer this question, we took advantage of the mammary gland (MG), an organ with remarkable plasticity throughout postnatal development. The MG involution is one of the major mammalian cell death and tissue remodeling events, when milk-producing epithelial cells are removed, and the MG returns to its pre-gestation state, resting for further pregnancy. During my Ph.D., we showed that senescence was transiently induced during the irreversible phase of involution. The senescent program occurred specifically in the alveolar milk-producing luminal cells and correlated with the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p16. In parallel, we established a novel organoid system to mimic MG gestation, lactation, and involution. In this ex-vivo model, we also highlighted the presence of senescent cells strictly during the involution-like process. To assess the biological impact of senescence in vivo, we used a teat sealing method to uncouple the reversible and irreversible phases of involution. We unveiled a close association between the withdrawal of lactogenic hormones occurring in the second phase of involution and the induction of the senescence program. To further define the physiological roles of senescence during involution, we treated mice with ABT-263, a senolytic compound inducing apoptosis of senescent cells. Interestingly, we observed an impaired tissue remodeling upon senescence elimination, with larger remaining alveolar structures and delayed adipocyte refilling. Moreover, in organoids from transgenic p16-3MR mice, we successfully removed senescent cells with ganciclovir and delayed the involution-like process. Taken together, both in vivo and ex-vivo models suggest an essential role of senescence in modulating the tissue remodeling phase of MG involution. Importantly, the involution process is intimately associated with postpartum breast cancer (PPBC), a cancer diagnosed within 10 years following delivery with a poor prognosis. Investigating how senescence impacts the microenvironment during the involution process might provide major insights to understand PPBC
Gimbergues, Pierre. "Le ganglion sentinelle post chimiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719621.
Full textJAMET, SERGE. "Les sarcomes post-radiques de la region thoracique apres irradiation pour cancer du sein." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6519.
Full textLelorain, Sophie. "Qualité de vie et développement post-traumatique à long terme d'un cancer du sein." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3034.
Full textGarcia, Amandine. "Régulation, par les microARNs, des gènes de prédisposition au cancer du sein BRCA." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10159.
Full textAn absence or a reduction of the expression of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer predisposition genes is found in one third of sporadic breast cancers. However, the mechanisms leading to the inactivation of their expression that have been already identified like the presence of somatic mutations, hypermethylation of the promoter or loss of heterozygosity at the BRCA loci are not sufficient to explain this large diminution. We therefore hypothesised that the expression of the BRCA genes could be regulated by microRNAs (miR). Following a bioinformatics analysis, validated by luciferase tests, we have shown a direct interaction of miR-146a and miR-146-b-5p with the 3’UTR of BRCA1. These miRs decrease the BRCA1 protein rate when they are overexpressed and increase it when they are inhibited. Furthermore we have demonstrated the role played by these miRs in cell proliferation and DNA repair by homologous recombination, two mechanisms for which BRCA1 is required. We have found these two miRs overexpressed in mammary cell lines and in triple-negative breast tumors that have a profile similar to that of the tumors developed by BRCA1 mutation carriers. In a second part, we analysed if these two microRNAs also play a role in familial breast cancers. An association study of the rs2910164 : G>C SNP located in the gene for miR-146a, has permitted us to show that its presence does not seem to modify the risk to develop breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. We have also undertaken to determine if some miR genes could modify tumor risk in BRCA mutation carriers, and/or could represent new breast cancer predisposing alleles
Lantheaume, Sophie. "Cancer du sein non métastasé, qualité de vie et surveillance alternée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20127.
Full textObjectives: This research deals with the variability of the quality of life of women suffering from a breast cancer, thanks to the assessment of biological, psychological and social factors, of the emphasis of the role of alternative follow-up installed by the Institut Du Sein (Drôme-Ardèche) and the study of the link between these factors, let alone the experience of the post medical supervision. Method: Population: 30 women in remission suffering from a non metastatic breast cancer, aged from 36 to 78 and currently under medical control at the Institut Du Sein were involved in this survey. Tools: 1) A semi guided interview broaching the following themes: the sick person’s condition and her background, the development of cancer as for the illness and the expectations in relation with the aftercare ; 2) The Test de l’arbre (Fernandez, 2005, 2010) to assess the psychological factors associated to the illness due to regrouping of drawing ; 3) The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) (Zigmund et Snaith, 1983) assessing the symptomatic issue and its seriousness ; 4) The body image questionnaire (QIC) (Bruchon-Schweitzer, 1981) so as to assess the satisfaction of the body image ; 5) The way of coping checklist (WCC) (Vitalino et al., 1985 ; Cousson et al., 1996) assessing the adjustment strategies facing cancer ; 6) The cancer specific and social support questionnaire (QSSS-c) (Segrestan, 2008) which takes the social support received into consideration ; 7) The quality of life questionnaire (FACT-B) (Brady et al., 1997) to assess the general quality of life, all the general, physical and specific symptoms of breast cancer. Results: Using the transactionnel-integratif-multifactoriel (TIM) patterns of Bruchon-Schweitzer et Boujut (2014), it seems that certain medical history (educational standards, young age, dependent children, mastectomy and hormonotherapy in the treatment) and factors linked to the psychological adaptability (coping, perceived social support) adding psychological factors linked (anxiety, physical, body image) have direct consequences on the quality of life and its impacts. No mediator effect of the transactional factors was to be found between antecedent and quality of life. Conclusion: The TIM pattern is both adapted and promising: some links between the different factors and how the patients experienced the post medical aftercare were brought into the fore. The assessment of anxiety, depression and body image of the patients at each step of the illness (at the time of the diagnosis, at the end of the treatment and during the remission period) must be automatically done. Some adjustments of the alternative follow-up might be necessary at the Institut Du Sein
Bonnaud-Antignac, Angélique. "Etude des réactions psychologiques face au Syndrome Douloureux Post-Mastectomie : une approche intégrative." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20054.
Full textMelanson, Sophie. "Déterminants de l'intention de pratiquer régulièrement la marche chez des femmes en phase post-thérapeutique d'un cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23877/23877.pdf.
Full textMaillot, Gérard. "Contribution à l'étude de l'expression et des fonctions des microRNAs dans les cancers du sein." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/616/.
Full textMicroRNAs are key players in post-transcriptional gene silencing. Altered expression and/or activity of microRNAs contribute to cancer development by modifying the expression of key cancer genes. Our work focused on the study of microRNAs expression and functions (i) in hormonal regulation and (ii) in metastatic progression of breast cancers. (i) We showed that upon activation of estrogen receptors (by 17-ß-estradiol), an important transcription factor , microRNAs expression are repressed in several estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines. This downregulation of microRNAs expresion is acting in part in the estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. (ii) In a mouse model of metastatic progression, we showed an important deregulation of microRNAs expression in regard with this progression. In particular, our work suggest that miR-31 and 125b would have prometastatic features
Gélinas, Céline. "Les facteurs associés à la fatigue persistante chez des femmes atteintes du cancer du sein en phase post-traitement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60634.pdf.
Full textLacroix-Triki, Magali. "Dérégulation de l'épissage des pré-ARNm dans la progression métastatique des cancers du sein." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30271.
Full textAlternative RNA processing is a mechanism that plays a critical role for creation of protein diversity through selective inclusion or exclusion of RNA sequences during post-transcriptional control of gene expression. We hypothesized that alteration in this process might contribute greatly to tumour development and progression in breast cancer. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize defects in alternative splicing during breast tumour progression. In a murine model, we could identify specific mRNA splicing variants associated with metastatic development. In a large cohort of breast cancer patients, expression of a subset of these variants was correlated to poor prognosis. Finally, we characterised the expression profile of a large panel of proteins of the splicing machinery in breast cancer. Our study provides new insights in the understanding of mechanisms leading to tumour progression and perspectives for the development of new biomarkers and therapies
Nicolò, Chiara. "Mathematical modelling of neoadjuvant antiangiogenic therapy and prediction of post-surgical metastatic relapse in breast cancer patients." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0183.
Full textFor patients diagnosed with early-stage cancer, treatment decisions depend on the evaluation of the risk of metastatic relapse. Current prognostic tools are based on purely statistical approaches that relate predictor variables to the outcome, without integrating any available knowledge of the underlying biological processes. The purpose of this thesis is to develop predictive models of the metastatic process using an established mechanistic modelling approach and the statistical mixed-effects modelling framework.In the first part, we extend the mathematical metastatic model to describe primary tumour and metastatic dynamics in response to neoadjuvant sunitinib in clinically relevant mouse models of spontaneous metastatic breast and kidney cancers. The calibrated model is then used to test possible hypothesis for the differential effects of sunitinib on primary tumour and metastases, and machine learning algorithms are applied to assess the predictive power of biomarkers on the model parameters.In the second part of this thesis, we develop a mechanistic model for the prediction of the time to metastatic relapse and validate it on a clinical dataset of breast cancer patients. This model offers personalised predictions of the invisible metastatic burden at the time of diagnosis, as well as forward simulations of metastatic growth, and it could be used as a personalised prediction tool to assist in the routine management of breast cancer patients
Veyrier-Cammas, Anne. "Rôle et mode d'action du régulateur traductionnel hnRNP A1 dans les cellules tumorales mammaires." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/335/.
Full textMRNA binding proteins or mRBPs are involved in the regulation, the coordination and the coupling of post-transcriptional gene expression. Modifications in the regulation of their expression and/or activity in cancer contribute to the tumoral development. Our work focused on the study of the translational regulator, hnRNP A1,. We have shown that the translational activity of hnRNP A1 is regulated by its cytoplasmic relocalization upon different stress conditions. We have also observed that a cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A1 is associated with metastatic relapse and bad prognosis in breast tumors, and we have initiated a study of the effects of this cytoplasmic relocalization on tumorigenesis. This work suggests that regulation of translation by subcellular relocalization of an mRBP may be determinant in cancer
Joubel, Anita. "Analyse protéomique du suppresseur de tumeur p53 : modifications post-traductionelles et protéines partenaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10035.
Full textThe tumor suppressor protein p53 is involved in many signaling pathways and is the most frequently mutated protein in cancers. The mechanisms for the regulation of p53 activity involve post-translational modifications and partner proteins for which literature is phletoric and fragmentary. ln the present study, we have developed a proteomics approach, coupling immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, to investigate p53 post-translational modifications and protein partners. First, we sequenced the full p53 protein immunoprecipitated from the Cos-l cells. This lead to the identification and localization of several known phosphorylations on serine residues S 15, S33, S315 and S392 as weIl as several known acetylations on lysine residues: K305, K370, K372, K373, K381 and K382. Acetylation sites are being reported for the tirst time on monkey p53 from Cos-l cells on lysine 319,357 and 386. Second, we looked for partner proteins that can bind to p53 in non cancerous (MCFlOA cells) versus cancerous (MCF7) human breast epithelial cells. Our results report a series of putative interacting partners among which the serine protease inhibitor maspin. The complex between p53 and maspin was validated by westem-blotting, localized in the nucleus and found in the noncancerous MCFlOA cells only. The p53/maspin interaction could represent a new regulatory mechanism for the activity of p53
Gradwohl, Marion. "Développement d’une bioprothèse résorbable par impression 3D pour une reconstruction mammaire autologue post-mastectomie." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/.
Full textMastectomy is one of the most common way to treat breast cancer, it consists in the removal of breast tissue to remove tumor cells. This surgical act causes a consequent loss of tissue and can then be followed by a breast reconstruction operation to fill in the missing volume. Implant based or autologous fat grafting (fat flap or lipofilling) are some of breast reconstruction method, however they all have advantages and drawbacks. Tissue engineering chamber (TEC) using fat flap from the patient’s own tissue could be a promising solution to restore large volume of mature and vascularized adipose tissue and a therapeutic alternative to current breast reconstruction techniques.The main objective of this thesis it to improve TEC by using additive manufacturing and bioabsorbable polymers. The use of bioresorbable thermoplastic polymers eliminates the need for a second surgery, which would consist of removing the implant after breast reconstruction. In addition, using 3D printing to manufacture the TEC will allow patients to be offered tailor-made implants adapted to their morphology and therefore improve the aesthetic aspect of the reconstruction.The study first focused on the choice of an additive manufacturing process and a sterilization method for the development of the implant to minimize the degradation of the selected biomaterials. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) as well as ethylene oxide sterilization were chosen as means of producing the final sterile device. An in vitro degradation study was then carried out to determine the resorption profiles of PLGA and PLCL. Finally, an in vivo study was carried out on a rat model which enabled us to validate the concept of 3D-printed bioabsorbable TEC. The two selected polymers were therefore shown to be compatible with the tissue engineering chamber reconstruction process and thus allowed the growth of the fat flap over time within the TEC
Fawal, Mohamad-Ali. "The role of mRNA metaboism in NPM-ALK-mediated oncogenesis." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/633/.
Full textAnaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (ALCLs) are characterized by the expression of a fusion protein (XALK), in which the N-terminal partner (in most cases the nuclephosmin NPM) is fused to the cytoplasmic portion of ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) containing a tyrosine kinase domain. The constitutive expression of this oncogenic tyrosine kinase causes activation of many signalling pathways responsible for malignant transformation of the cells that express it. Following the discovery that the RNA binding protein AUF1 to is a partner of NPM-ALK, we hypothesized that besides its effect on transcription, NPM-ALK may also regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In fact, AUF1belongs to the AUBP family that controls the stability and translation of many RNAs containing in their 3' non-coding region a region rich adenine and uridine (ARE). The majority of these mRNAs encode proteins involved in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress and immune response. Therefore, following its interaction with NPM-ALK, AUF1 activity could be modified resulting in deregulation of the expression of its RNA targets. Using a combination of biochemical approaches, we have shown that AUF1 is hyperphosphorylated in murine NIH3T3 cells stably expressing the NPM-ALK translocation and this hyperphosphorylation is correlated with an increased stability of a number of ARE containing RNAs (e. G. C-myc, cyclin D1, A1, B2. . . ). Using cell imaging experiments, we showed that AUF1, HuR (another AUBP) and NPM-ALK (or other fusion X-ALK proteins) were concentrated in cytoplasmic granules, which we called AG for ALK granules. We analyzed by video microscopy the relationship between AG and other cytoplasmic granules, the processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs), which play a role in sorting, storage or degradation of mRNA. Finally, we identified the protein and ribonucleic (mRNA and miRNA) of AG. All our results show that AGs contribute to the control of RNA metabolism in the cells and could play a major role in NPM-ALK mediated oncogenicity
Viale-Garrone, Audrey. "Période de la ménopause, état de santé orale et facteurs systémiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5028/document.
Full textIn a cross-sectional study of 202 postmenopausal and premenopausal women,the objectives of this study are to demonstrate a link between menopause and altered state of oral health.To evaluate the action of HRT on dental disease and finally on the tooth mortality. To assess and clarify the relationship between oral health and various general diseases and links between psyche and soma in postmenopausal women.Also discussed was the influence of bisphosphonates on the state of periodontal health.Finally,it was decided to place the study links oral menopausal status in a social and anthropological perspective.It appears then that menopause results in an altered state of oral health,(p = 0.003).HRT has a beneficial effect on the periodontal disease.The biological effects of diabetes are related to dental mortality (p = 0.050). This study emphasize the influence "per se" a bad oral health status for coronary artery disease (OR = 1.214).In postmenopausal women, stressful events, dry mouth, joint and bone diseases, hormonal deficiency are factors variously related dental mortality during this period. Moreover, it was found that women who have recently been treated for breast cancer developed more dental caries (p = 0.031 OR = 2.161).The study related the effects of bisphosphonates on the alteration of periodontal (p = 0.011), despite taking HRT (p = 0.020).In addition,background socio-economic favored contribute to the medicalization of physiological phenomenon. The fact of living alone would affect the loss of dental organs (p = 0.035). Finally, the regular practice of a sport improve the state of oral health (p = 0.036)
"Déterminants de l'intention de pratiquer régulièrement la marche chez des femmes en phase post-thérapeutique d'un cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23877/23877.pdf.
Full textBoufaden, Asma. "Prédiction de boucles de régulation associant microARN et gènes régulés par le récepteur de l'acide rétinoïque dans le cancer du sein." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5962.
Full textThe retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by the ligand retinoic acid (RA). In the presence of ligand, RAR induces the transcription of its targets whereas in the absence of ligand the transcription is blocked. The mechanism of regulation of RAR is altered in breast cancer cell lines due to a reduced capacity to synthesize RA. Also aberrant patterns of microRNA (miR) expression have been reported in human breast cancer and a number of genes involved in breast cancer progression have been identified by in-silico analysis to be targets of miRs. The miRs could be controlled by transcription factors and via the regulation of their mRNA targets, the miRs could promote apoptosis and even inhibit cell proliferation. Hence, the miRs may play a role in the mechanism of regulation of RAR and could be involved in regulatory loops with this receptor. In this work, we describe an approach developed for the prediction and characterization of mixed transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory circuits in breast cancer. We concentrated in particular on feed-forward loops, in which RAR regulates a miR, and together with it, a set of joint target protein coding genes in human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and SKBR3. These loops are constructed by combining ChIP-chip datasets of RAR with datasets of DNA microarrays and by using miR target prediction tools. In order to predict the appropriate model of regulation, in-silico analysis was performed to look for retinoic acid response element (RARE) in miR promoter. This step could identify if the regulation by RAR is direct or indirect. The regulatory loops will be then filtered, in order to reduce the number of false positive, based on databases designed to represent human miR expression profiles in different tissues or cell types. Moreover, only biologically relevant circuits enriched in Gene Ontology were retained. Also, we propose to infer miR activity in order to detect their regulation by RAR. This approach was able to find some existing experimental data. Several regulatory circuits seem to be involved in various aspects of organism development, proliferation and cell differentiation. Furthermore, we were able to validate the induction of let-7a by RA in MCF7 cells.
Karunanayake, Mihiran. "Breast Reconstruction Post-Mastectomy : an Assessment of Rates, Limiting Factors and Attitudes at a Tertiary Care Center in Quebec." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19436.
Full textBreast reconstruction post-mastectomy has been shown to improve psychosocial wellbeing, and body image. However, accessibility and acceptance of breast reconstruction is limited, with patients being unequally privileged based a number of limiting factors. To date, no evaluation on the rates of reconstruction and the factors that influence patient access has been performed in the province of Quebec. The objective of the research was two-fold with the first component being to identify the rates of breast reconstruction at a tertiary care center in Montreal and the factors influencing the rates of reconstruction through a retrospective chart review. The second component was to directly evaluate in the same cohort of breast cancer patients; their interest in a consultation with plastic surgery through a telephone questionnaire. There was a total rate of PMBR of 21%, where 14% of patients had an immediate reconstruction and 8% of eligible patients underwent a delayed reconstruction. Patients that received a PMBR were younger, more likely to have bilateral mastectomies, had non-invasive breast cancer and resided further then 10km from the hospital. Approximately half of patients with a mastectomy were interested in consulting a plastic surgeon but only 38% of all patients underwent a reconstruction. The offer and awareness of reconstruction increased the chance of opting to have a reconstruction. There are barriers outside of the patient’s own desires that impede their access to breast reconstruction.