Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer du sein – Étiologie'
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Perrin-Vidoz, Laure. "Étude de la dégradation des ARN messagers porteurs d'un codon de terminaison prématuré : implication dans la prédisposition génétique au cancer du sein et de l'ovaire chez les patients porteurs de mutations germinales du gène BRCA1." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10038.
Full textAubé, Michel. "Étude des effets endocriniens produits par les organochlorés en lien avec la carcinogenèse mammaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25154/25154.pdf.
Full textBencheikh, Meryem. "Pertes d'hétérozygotie dans les cancers du sein : incidence et corrélations avec d'autres altérations génomiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20065.
Full textCollette, Jordan. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la tumorigenèse mammaire par le long ARN non codant H19." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS109.
Full textThe H19 gene is subject to genomic imprinting and does not encode protein. The product of this gene, the long non coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, act as an RNA and is involved in development and the tumorigenesis. The H19 RNA is the precursor of miR-675. My thesis work identified new mechanism involved in the regulation of breast tumorigenesis by H19. We have demonstrated that the lncRNA H19 negatively regulates the p53 protein in breast cancer cell lines. My work revealed that H19 interacts with p53 and MDM2 to induce the degradation of p53 and impedes its nuclear localization. This new mechanism of H19 in breast cancer could explain the lack of clinical relevance of the p53 mutational state measured by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer. My work also revealed that not only the lncRNA H19 is involved in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells but also the miR-675-5p. Indeed, we have shown a correlation between overexpression of H19 and expression of a cancer stem cell phenotype in patient tumors. Furthermore, the modulation of H19 or miR-675 expression regulates the functional capacities associated with breast cancer stem cells. I also initiated a project that will allow the identification of H19 and miR-675 target genes in breast cancer cell lines. To conclude, I highlighted the implication of the lncRNA H19 and miR-675 in different process involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis
Morisset-Malzac, Muriel. "Régulation intracellulaire et activité protéolytique d'une protéine régulée par les oestrogènes dans les cancers du sein." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20258.
Full textFreiss, Gilles. "Oestrogènes, antioestrogènes et cancer du sein : 1/ anticorps monoclonaux et dosage de la pro-cathepsine D : 2/ antioestrogènes et facteurs de croissance." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20191.
Full textTomellini, Elisa. "Etude des effets du NGF et du proNGF sur les cellules souches du cancer du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10077/document.
Full textDespite significant advances in cancer research and treatment, breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women. NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) and its precursor (proNGF) are overexpressed in breast cancer cells, where they exert a mitotic, anti-apoptotic and pro-invasive effects through an autocrine loop. In the last few years, a raising number of experimental data indicate the importance of “cancer stem cells” (CSC) in tumour development, metastasis and resistance to therapies.The objective of my thesis was to evaluate the influence of NGF and proNGF on breast CSC biology and to determine their consequences on tumour development. We demonstrated that NGF and proNGF are able to enrich for CSC in several breast cancer cell lines. This enrichment is connected to the overexpression of several transcription factors essential for stem cells self-renewal and pluripotency. Tumorigenicity assays in SCID mice proved that cells from MCF-7 cell line cultured with NGF or proNGF are more tumorigenic than the control condition. Nevertheless, only cells pre-treated with NGF were able to develop metastases in brain, lung and liver and to go through an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, demonstrating that NGF and proNGF induce their effects through different signaling pathways. Taken together, our results have shown that NGF and proNGF contribute to the regulation of stem cells’ plasticity in vitro and in vivo. Future perspectives concern the comprehension of involved molecular mechanisms in order to better understand their implication in breast cancer development
Joimel, Ulrich. "Étude de la contribution des monocytes/ macrophages dans la promotion tumorale : leurs rôles dans l'angiogenèse et les thromboses- essais de stratégies thérapeutiques." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUER012.
Full textThis PhD research investigated the development of experimental strategies whose aim was the attenuation of the pro-tumoral role of monocytes/macrophages. Macrophages can be classified into two subcategories, classically activated macrophages (or M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (or M2). M1 exibit anti-tumoral proprieties while M2 are involved in pro-tumoral activity. NF-KB was identified as a key regulator to switch from M1 macrophage towards M2 but the mechanisms of action remain not clearly understood. We showed that 1) the coculture supernatant from macrophages and cancer cells induced an increased angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane that could be associated with the increased expression of CXC/ELR+ chemokines; 2) coculture induced a M2 phenotype; 3) tetrathiomolybdate (TM), an anti-angiogenic agent and an NF-KB inhibitor inhibited the coculture-induced increase in angiogenic activity, but without altering macrophages phenotype. Cooperation between macrophages and cancer cells induces a reciprocal increase of tissue factor (TF) expression. Now, TF is involved in the folination of micro-thrombi by activating factor X (FX) and it's known that micro-thrombi protect cancer cells in the bloodstream. The effects of an indirect (fondaparinux) and a direct (rivaroxaban) activated FX inhibitor in pro-coagulant activity and cytokine release from activated monocytes were then compared. We showed that 1) only rivaroxaban reduced the pro-coagulant activity, 2) the two inhibitors decreased secretion of cytokines
Julien, Sylvain. "L'antigène sialyl-Tn dans le cancer du sein : étude de la O-glycosylation et de son influence sur la croissance de lignées cellulaires sialyl-Tn positives." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-221-222.pdf.
Full textCardoso, Bueno de Camargo Lívia. "Le rôle des vésicules extracellulaires dans la capacité invasive du cancer du sein : les fonctions de la famille des facteurs de transcription NFAT." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC093.
Full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important means of cell communication, through which cells can exchange functional mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins, amongst other molecules. During the past few years, the understanding of their role in cancer onset and progression has been largely developed. In this work, we approach the role of EVs in changing the invasive profiles of breast cancer cell lines. We were specifically interested in studying whether the opposite effects of the members NFAT1/NFAT5 and NFAT3 (members of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells family of transcription factors) in breast cancer cell motility could be linked to EV function in modulating cell invasiveness. While NFAT1 and NFAT5 are expressed by more invasive breast cancer cell lines that do not express the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha -), NFAT3 is expressed by cell lines with less aggressive profile, that are ER alpha +. To study the possible transfer of these opposite effects of NFAT factors through EVs, highly invasive (MDA-MB 231) and poorly-invasive (T47D) breast cancer cell lines were treated with each other's EVs. We have observed that an increase of invasion is induced through EVs secreted by MDA-MB 231. EVs secreted by T47D, on the other hand reduce invasiveness. Moreover, NFAT3 expression in T47D is an essentiel aspect in this second type of response, since when its expression is inhibited in these cells their EVs no longer have the power to reduce MDA-MB 231 invasiveness. We also show that EVs originated from T47D induce the active transcription of TGFbetal ir the recipient MDA-MB 231 to blunt cell nnotility. These results were extended in vivo, where we have demonstrated that T47D EVs are able to reduce primary tumour size and decrease metastasis formation in nude mice injected with human MDA-MB 231 D3H2LN cells in the mammary fat pad. Similarly to our in vitro results, NFAT3 expression in the EV producing cells was shown to be key for their EVs to present these effects. Furthermore, we could also observe TGFbetal sera levels increased in the mice where the treatment was effective, making this molecule a potentiel candidate for following treatment efficiency. Our findings suggest that EVs could represent a possible means of inhibiting the invasion of aggressive cancer cells, and therefore may be an attractive option to decrease tumor progression and metastasis in patients
Martinez, Pierre. "Importance des glycosaminoglycanes de surface dans les phénomènes inflammatoires liés au cancer." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10160/document.
Full textGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated polysaccharides involved in many physiological processes, through their interactions with a wide range of extracellular mediators. Among these factors, interleukin-4 (IL-4) has a central role in the M2 polarization of macrophages. Although this cytokine is a ligand of GAGs, only a few studies have been performed on the physiological role of these interactions. In this context, the first part of my thesis focused on the role of GAGs in M2 macrophage polarization. We showed that the responses induced by IL-4 are dependent on the binding to 6-O-sulfated GAGs. The reactions of GAG sulfation are tightly regulated by several families of enzymes, for which the expression is dependent on cell type and environment. Then we analyzed changes in the expression of these sulfating enzymes during macrophage polarization. Our results showed that macrophages produced different GAGs based on their phenotype, which may give them specific functions. In contrast to pro-inflammatory M1 cells, M2 macrophages release factors involved in tissue remodeling and immune tolerance, which may enhance tumor progression. We verified that GAGs are capable of presenting FGF-2 to cancer cells, thus suggesting their involvement in pro-tumoral mechanisms. Finally, the role of GAGs in breast cancer was investigated in the last part of my thesis. Our results confirmed that GAGs are good ligands for selectins, so that they could promote distant metastasis
Delort, Laëtitia. "Facteurs de risque et de protection des cancers dans l'étude épidémiologique COSA (Cancers de l'Ovaire et du Sein en Auvergne) : étude des polymorphismes génétiques et des interactions gènes-environnement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM22.
Full textBreast and ovarian cancer incidence is increasing around the world. The great proportion of these cancers could be explained by polymorphisms in low penetrance genes involved in major biological pathways. These genes could also interact with environmental and lifestyle factors. Thus an efficient prevention and a reduction in cancer would be conceivable with the identification of these variants. We performed a case-control study in the Auvergne region consisted of 934 women who developed breast cancer, 54 women who developed ovarian cancer and 1000 healthy women. The aim of the study was to evaluate genetic and environmental risk and protective factors for these pathologies. We genotyped the whole population for eleven polymorphisms in seven low penetrance genes involved in xenobiotic and estrogen metabolisms (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NAT2, GSTP1, COMT, ESR, PGR). Oral contraceptive (OC) use, age at first OC use and breastfeeding were risk factors for early age at breast cancer onset. We observed a major role of central adiposity in ovarian cancer risk. We investigated the roles of polymorphisms in a multigenic model and found that COMT played an important role in breast cancer. This gene seemed to interact with other genes such as CYP1B1, ESR, GSTP1, NAT2 and with waist-to-hip ratio factor by modifying the risk. Polymorphisms in the studied genes would modify detoxication and consequently women exposure to endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. This would change individual breast cancer susceptibility. A limited role of these polymorphisms was found in ovarian cancer risk. Thus the identification of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions will lead to an individualized prevention strategy by identifying high-risk individuals
Chopin, Valérie. "Mécanismes d'action du butyrate sur la croissance des cellules cancéreuses de sein." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-179-180.pdf.
Full textCavailles, Vincent. "Mécanismes de régulation de l'expression de la cathepsine D par les hormones stéroi͏̈des et les facteurs de croissance dans les lignées cancéreuses mammaires humaines." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20206.
Full textDumortier, Mandy. "Étude du rôle des facteurs de transcription ETV4 et ETV1 de la famille ETS dans le processus tumoral de cancers hormono-dépendants : le cancer du sein, la progression métastatique du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10181.
Full textETV1, 4, 5 transcription factor are overexpress in various cancer. The first part is focus in MMP13 like target gene, potentially implicated in the mammary tumorigenesis induced by ETV4. Thus we show, the regulation of MMP13 expression by ETV4. Next we show that ETV4 promotes the mammary tumorigenesis and that MMP13 is a relay. In fact, the overexpression of MMP13 is implicate in pro-tumorigenesis effect and the repression of MMP13 in context of ETV4 overexpression decreases this effect. This approach was completed by the injection of cells in mice and show MMP13 mediate the pro-tomorigene effect of ETV4. We analysed expression of MMP13 and ETV4 in primary breast tumors and show the overexpression concomintant of ETV4 and MMP13 are associated with a poor prognosis. The second part of our study is about the ETV1 factor, in the progression of metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) and the research of involved target genes. Gene fusion involving ERG and ETV1 and their overexpression are frequent in PCa and occur in 50% and 10% of cases respectively. To understand the role of ETV1, in comparison with available data on ERG, differents PCa cells overexpress or repress ETV1 were used. We have shown that the ETV1 factor enhance tumorigenesis capacities PCa cell lines and her truncated form has opposite effects. ETV1 full-lenght (FL) induces more bones metastasis formation than her truncated form. The expression of ETV1, and his truncated form was study in PCa samples. We confirmed the pro-tumorigenic statute of ETV1 factor in PCa and we defined differences beetwen FL and truncated length and complet the comprehension of the ETV1 function in the formation of bones metastasis of PCa
Lecerf, Clément. "Instabilité génomique et mécanismes moléculaires régulés par le long ARN non codant H19 dans les cancers du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S112.
Full textH19 is a long non-coding RNA described to play key roles in the progression and metastasis of cancers from different tissue origins. We have previously shown that the H19 gene is activated by E2F1, repressed by p53 and RB tumor suppressors and implicated in breast cancer cell cycle progression. My PhD work demonstrates that H19 can interact with p53 in breast cancer cells. This interaction induces p53 degradation but also impairs p53 function by preventing its translocation into the nuclear compartment. We show that H19 interacts not only with p53 but also with MDM2 to form a ternary complex. Moreover, H19 reduces p53 transcriptional activities and impairs cell cycle blockage, apoptosis induction and senescence of cells after DNA damage. Furthermore, we highlight that H19 expression favors also genetic instability, allowing for the accumulation of gene mutations. Thereafter, we investigated the implication of H19 during the DNA damage response. We show that H19 expression represses the activation of histone variant H2AX. Interestingly, this is accompanied by enhanced repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Comet assays revealed that H19 expression reduces the DNA breaks proportion, suggesting that H19 accelerates DNA repair. Finally, we determine the implication but also the relative contribution of H19 and its miR-675 in the enhancement of breast cancer metastatic potential. We show that both H19 and miR-675 enhance cell migration and invasion as well as colony formation. H19 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but interestingly, miR-675 seems to simultaneously increase the expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, suggesting the induction of a hybrid phenotype or mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that miR-675, like its precursor H19, increases stemness properties of breast cancer cells. To conclude, our findings highlight new mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, thus suggesting an interesting role for H19 as a prognostic and therapeutic marker
Aubert, Léo. "Implication de réseaux de récepteurs membranaires dans la signalisation du NGF et de son précurseur dans les cellules cancéreuses de sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10201.
Full textWe have shown that autocrine stimulation of breast tumor cells by NGF increased both cell growth and migration/invasion. These effects are mediated by TrkA, a receptor tyrosine kinases. Recently, it has been described that proNGF, the NGF precursor, is also produced and secreted by breast cancer cells to induce invasion through activation of sortilin/TrkA complex. Nevertheless, NGF and proNGF signaling are still unclear in breast cancer. During my thesis, I have demonstrated that the pro-invasive signaling of (pro)NGF requires the formation of NGF/TrkA/CD44 and proNGF/sortilin/TrkA/EphA2 complexes. I have showed that each of these receptor complexes leads to the induction of two separate transduction pathways, one dependent on TrkA phosphorylation, and the other independently. Furthermore, by using a SCID mouse xenograft model, we have demonstrated the involvement of TrkA/CD44 and TrkA/EphA2 complexes in tumor growth. Interestingly, the co-administration of an inhibitor of the TrkA kinase activity (CEP-701) and a siRNA directed either against CD44 or against EphA2, decreases significantly the tumor burden in comparison to the use of CEP-701, siEphA2 or siCD44 alone. Thus, our findings have improved the knowledge of NGF and proNGF signaling in breast cancer cells and suggest the presence of resistance mechanisms mediated by TrkA/CD44 and TrkA/EphA2 interactions, thereby giving the opportunity for new therapeutic modulations in breast cancer
Bennis, Fai͏̈za. "Etude de la 3-hydroxy-3-méthylglutaryl coenzyme à réductase dans la lignée d'adénocarcinome pulmonaire humain A5449 : régulation et implication dans la croissance cellulaire." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30263.
Full textFurlan, Alessandro. "Rôle du facteur de transcription Ets-1 dans les capacités invasives et angiogéniques de cellules cancéreuses mammaires : implications dans la tumorigenèse mammaire." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Furlan.pdf.
Full textEsslimani-Sahla, Majida. "Marqueurs moléculaires de réponse aux hormones ovariennes et au tamoxifène dans les lésions précancéreuses mammaires et cancers invasifs du sein." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T025.
Full textCollette, Jordan. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la tumorigenèse mammaire par le long ARN non codant H19." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S109.
Full textThe H19 gene is subject to genomic imprinting and does not encode protein. The product of this gene, the long non coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, act as an RNA and is involved in development and the tumorigenesis. The H19 RNA is the precursor of miR-675. My thesis work identified new mechanism involved in the regulation of breast tumorigenesis by H19. We have demonstrated that the lncRNA H19 negatively regulates the p53 protein in breast cancer cell lines. My work revealed that H19 interacts with p53 and MDM2 to induce the degradation of p53 and impedes its nuclear localization. This new mechanism of H19 in breast cancer could explain the lack of clinical relevance of the p53 mutational state measured by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer. My work also revealed that not only the lncRNA H19 is involved in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells but also the miR-675-5p. Indeed, we have shown a correlation between overexpression of H19 and expression of a cancer stem cell phenotype in patient tumors. Furthermore, the modulation of H19 or miR-675 expression regulates the functional capacities associated with breast cancer stem cells. I also initiated a project that will allow the identification of H19 and miR-675 target genes in breast cancer cell lines. To conclude, I highlighted the implication of the lncRNA H19 and miR-675 in different process involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis
Kientega, Dialla Pegdwende Olivia. "Impact de l'âge dans le cancer du sein : du diagnostic à la qualité de vie des patientes." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOMU03/document.
Full textNumerous studies have shown that older women with breast cancer are undertreated in comparison with the youngest. Although several reports suggest strong socio-economic and geographic inequalities in the disease stage at diagnosis and in quality of life in breast cancer patients, the effects of these factors according to age are largely unknown in France. The objectives of this work were to determine the impact of socio-economic and geographic disparities on disease stage in breast cancer patients according to age, to describe treatments and relative survival factors in breast cancer patients according to age, and to identify age-related socioeconomic and clinical determinants of quality of life among breast cancer survivors five years after the diagnosisThe results showed that living in a deprived area was linked to advanced-stage breast cancer at diagnosis only in women aged 50-74 years old. The use of breast conserving surgery decreased in older women while the proportions of women without treatment increased with age. Furthermore, survival was poor in elderly women. Finally, the results showed that, five years after breast cancer diagnosis in older women, only comorbidities and a low socio-economic status decreased quality of life scores.To improve survival and quality of life in elderly patients, a multidisciplinary approach by a comprehensive geriatric assessment, is a major step in breast cancer management as it can lead to individualized care for elderly patients with breast cancer
Degerny, Cindy. "Sumoylation et régulation de l'activité de transcription ERM." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-69.pdf.
Full textFirlej, Virginie. "Facteurs de transcription du groupe PEA3 et cancérogenèse mammaire : modèles d'inhibition de l'expression, études phénotypiques et recherche de gènes cibles." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Firlej.pdf.
Full textInjectées en sous-cutané à des souris immunodéficientes, ces même cellules induisent la formation de tumeurs de taille réduite par rapport aux cellules contrôles, confinnant l'implication des facteurs du groupe PEA3 dans les événements conduisant à la cancérogenèse. La caracténsation de la régulation du gène bax par les facteurs du groupe PEA3 a permis de mettre en évidence un nouveau mode de régulation non encore décrit pour ces facteurs, impliquant une interaction avec le facteur USF-I sans liaison directe des facteurs PEA3 à l'ADN. Celle des deux autres gènes cibles cycline D2 et p55cdc est en cours. La modulation de leur expression a été confirmée dans les modèles cellulaires de répression de l'expression des facteurs Erm et Pea3. L'étude de leur région promotrice a permis de définir des sites de régulation dont la caractérisation reste à affiner. La mise au point des différents modèles dans lesquels l'expression des membres du groupe PEA3 est modulée nous a conduit à initier une recherche plus complète des cibles moléculaires des facteurs Erm et Pea3 par utilisation de micro-arrays (Applied Biosystems) avec pour but la corrélation avec les modifications phénotypiques liées à la modulation de l'expression des facteurs du groupe PEA3
Ladam, Franck. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Pea3 pendant la morphogenèse et la tumorigenèse mammaires : caractérisation de ses propriétés pro-morphogènes et pro-tumorigènes : étude des mécanismes moléculaires associés." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605540.
Full textLapointe, Jacques. "Androgènes et cancer du sein." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57940.pdf.
Full textTEISSEYRE, MONIQUE. "Le cancer intervallaire du sein." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11220.
Full textREBENA, DUBOIS CATHERINE. "Alimentation et cancer du sein." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M275.
Full textDiest, Paul J. van Baak Jan P. A. "Quantitative cyto- and histoprognosis in breast cancer /." Amsterdam ; London ; New York [etc.] : Elsevier, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb373728109.
Full textThèse soutenue par P. J. van Diest. Bibliogr. à la fin de chaque chap. Index.
Salavagione, Jean-Marc. "Les cancers intrakystiques du sein." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11239.
Full textDagdemir, Aslihan Seda. "Paysage épigénétique du cancer du sein." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM14/document.
Full textBreast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and is noted for conflicting clinical behaviors and patient outcomes, despite common histopathological features at diagnosis. This can be explained by the high histological and molecular heterogeneity of the disease, making it hard to choose a therapy adapted uniquely to each patient. Epigenetics refer to changes in phenotype and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications of the genome can be acquired de novo and are potentially inherited. Epigenetic mechanisms work to change the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulation locally and globally via modifications of the DNA and by modifications or rearrangements of nucleosomes. Epigenetics consist in several molecular mechanisms: histone modifications, small non-coding or antisense RNAs and DNA methylation that are closely interconnected. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer is high in the Western world as compared with countries in Asia. There are also differences in the regional cancer incidence rates in Western countries. Several studies involving immigrants to Western countries suggest that lifestyle and diet are two of the main causes of these differences. In Eastern countries, the incidence of breast cancer is approximately one-third that of Western countries, whilst their high dietary intake of phytoestrogens, mainly in the form of soy products, can produce circulating levels of phytoestrogens that are known experimentally to have estrogenic effects. An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that the consumption of a 4 phytoestrogen-rich diet may have protective effects on estrogen-related conditions, such as breast cancer.Based upon this information, we studied the effects of treatment phytoestrogens; genistein, daidzein and 17-β-estradiol on the post-translational modification of histones such as lysine methylation and acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in breast cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we studied the effects of histone methylation inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor on histone lysine trimethylation and acetylation in breast cancer cell lines. For this study, we used two breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Each cell line was treated respectively with 3-Deazaneplanocin A hydrochloride (DZNep) [5 μM] (HMTi), Sodium Butyrate (NaBu) [2 mM] (HDACi) and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic acid (SAHA) [1 μM] (HDACi) for 48 hours. Finally, we completed studies in all cell lines with breast tumors to assess Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) of selected histone modifications in cancer. The relative levels of three modified histones, including H3K27me3 (Histone 3 Lysine 27 Methylation), H3K9ac (Histone 3 Lysine 9 Acetylation), and H3K4ac (Histone 3 Lysine 4 Acetylation) will be determined in breast tumors compared to matched normal tissue according to the classification of Saint Gallen. Today, ChIP has been coupled with promoter DNA microarrays to evaluate the mechanisms of human gene regulation on a genome-wide scale. ChIP-on-chip technology could be used to investigate the alterations of global gene expression in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated differentially expressed genes associated with modified histones H3K27me3, H3K9ac and H3K4ac in breast tumors by Agilent SurePrint G3 400kX2 microarrays containing approximately 21,000 of human transcripts. We will scan the enriched regions at each gene promoter in thirty breast tumors compared with normal tissue samples. Breast tumor samples will be classified according to their clinical profiles, especially hormone receptor status
Bonhomme, Philippe. "Aspects dermatologiques du cancer du sein." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23098.
Full textBENGHANEM, FIRDAOUS LOUBNA. "Taxol et cancer du sein avance." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT038M.
Full textSPORTES-GERBAULT-SEUREAU, MICHELE. "Etude cytogenetique du cancer du sein." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066688.
Full textMARCUZZI, LEJAY ISABELLE. "Cancer du sein : l'information en questions." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M030.
Full textDarwiche, Jihad. "Grossesse apres cancer du sein traite." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20027.
Full textAlibert, Didier. "Le cancer du sein chez l'homme." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM051.
Full textLécuru, Fabrice. "Le cancer du sein chez l'homme." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M278.
Full textBERTON, DOMINIQUE. "Predisposition hereditaire et cancer du sein." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT257M.
Full textSenesse, Pierre. "Alimentation et cancérogénèse colorectale : de l'adénome au cancer." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T018.
Full textEl, Kadiri Mouna. "Cancers après transplantation rénale : à propos de 1242 greffés rénaux." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23060.
Full textHaensler, Patrick. "Cancer du sein chez l'homme (caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et génétiques à partir de 40 cas traités au C. R. L. C. De Montpellier)." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11083.
Full textEspitalier, Marion. "Les cancers inflammatoires du sein PEV3 (ou mastites carcinomateuses) : méthodes et résultats thérapeutiques de 1976 à 1981 au CLRC de Montpellier." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11050.
Full textBERNARD, JONARD GENEVIEVE. "Evenement de vie et cancer du sein." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M372.
Full textFleury-Ricordeau, Laurence. "Modifications épigénétiques dans le cancer du sein." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/301/.
Full textIn breast cancer, approximately one third of tumors express neither the estrogen receptor (ERa) nor estrogen regulated genes such as the Progesterone Receptor gene (PR). Our study provides new insights into the mechanism allowing hormone-activated expression of ERa target genes silenced in ERa-negative mammary tumor cells. In cell lines derived from ERa-negative MDA-MB231 cells, stable expression of different levels of ERa from a transgene did not result in transcription of PR. A quantitative comparative analysis demonstrates that inhibiting DNA methyltransferases using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or specific disruption of DNMT1 by small interfering RNAs and treatment with the histone-deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A enabled ERa-mediated hormone-dependent expression of endogenous PR. We show that demethylation of a CpG island located in the first exon of PR was a prerequisite for ERa binding to these regulatory sequences. Although not a general requirement, DNA demethylation is also necessary for derepression of a subset of ERa target genes involved in tumorigenesis. PR transcription did not subsist four days after removal of the DNA methyltransferase blocking agents, suggesting that hormone-induced expression of ERa target genes in ERa-negative tumor cells is transient. Our observations support a model where an epigenetic mark confers stable silencing by precluding ERa access to promoters
Theillet, Charles. "Anomalies génomiques dans le cancer du sein." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20062.
Full textDemont, Yohann. "Le ProNGF dans le cancer du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10181/document.
Full textNerve growth factor (NGF), the prototypical neurotrophin, has extensively been studied for its role in the nervous system where it activates neuron survival and differentiation through the tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA and the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. More recently, it was described that the precursor of NGF (proNGF) can be secreted and elicits neuronal apoptosis by engaging with p75NTR and sortilin receptors. Outside of the nervous system, several studies have indicated the implication of neurotrophins in tumors and in particular, our laboratory was pioneer in demonstrating the pro-survival and mitogenic effects of NGF for breast cancer cells. Nevertheless, nothing was reported about the role of the proNGF in breast cancer and this is what we have studied here. We demonstrated that proNGF was produced and secreted by breast cancer cells. Western blots analysis revealed a 25 kDa band that was decreased after transfection with siRNA against proNGF. Immunocytochemical observation showed proNGF localization in intracellular vesicles which were released upon treatment with the inducer of secretion ionomycin and proNGF was detected by mass spectrometry in conditioned medium of breast cancer cell. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of 1423 normal vs human tumor biopsies showed proNGF overproduction in the epithelial compartment of malignant tumors when compared with benign and normal tissues, with a relationship to lymph node metastasis. Interestingly, in vitro, using Boyden chambers and RNA interference we showed that proNGF was a potent autocrine stimulator of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Besides, impairment of its receptors revealed the essential role of sortilin in conducting proNGF pro-invasive effect whereas p75NTR was found not involved. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that proNGF is produced in breast tumors where it can stimulate cancer cell invasion, hence participating to metastasis. Further preclinical and clinical investigations will now have to be performed to determine the practical value of proNGF as a marker and/or therapeutic target
Baudier, Philippe. "Les cancers du sein de type III traités par radiothérapie et chirurgie partielle." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11276.
Full textTwungubumwe, Novat. "Relations entre les niveaux plasmatiques des hormones de croissance analogues à l'insuline I et II et le risque de cancer du colon/rectum, du poumon et de la prostate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23671/23671.pdf.
Full textFabre, Josseline. "Chimiothérapie première dans les cancers du sein non métastasiques." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11304.
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