Journal articles on the topic 'Cancer Age factors'
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1
Natanson, Mark. "Colon cancer: risk factors and screening." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2004-02.
Abstract:
Colon and rectal cancers are usually combined under the same term "colorectal cancer". It should be noted that the lesion of the colon is much more common. Colorectal cancer ranks fourth in the overall structure of oncological pathology in terms of prevalence, and in some countries even comes third after lung and stomach cancer. Risk factors that contribute to the development of colorectal cancer include bowel polyps, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and a genetic predisposition. Most often, neoplastic transformation occurs at the site of an adenoma or dysplastic lesion of the intestinal mucosa. Due to the high risk of neoplastic process in a sufficiently large number of elderly people, it is recommended that every person over the age of 50 should undergo compulsory screening to detect latent cancer. The simplest, but at the same time insufficiently informative method is a blood culture test - analysis for the presence of blood in the feces. Method of total colonoscopy and double-contrast radiography is distinguished by a higher information content, but at the same time a higher cost. It is recommended to have these examinations every three to five years after the age of 50 years without clinical manifestations, and after the age of 40 for those at risk for colorectal cancer.
2
Stickeler, Elmar, and Ingo B. Runnebaum. "Genetic risk factors for familial ovarian cancer." British Menopause Society Journal 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/136218002100321776.
Abstract:
In Europe ovarian cancer represents the third most common cancer of the female genital tract, with 30,000 newly diagnosed patients per year. Family history is the most significant risk factor. Lifetime risk for ovarian cancer increases from 1.4% for women with a negative family history to 14.6-32.2% in women from affected families. About 5-10% of ovarian cancers are hereditary and supposed to occur in three different forms: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), site-specific hereditary ovarian cancer (HOC) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC). HBOC and HOC account for 80-90% of the cases and are associated with inactivating germline mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. For BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers the cumulative risk by age 70 of developing ovarian cancer is 45-60% and 25-30%, respectively. Approximately 10-15% of familial ovarian cancers are related to the HNPCC syndrome with a cumulative ovarian cancer risk of 9% by age 70. Germline polymorphisms may further modify ovarian cancer risk. Bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy reduces the risk of developing ovarian cancer in HBOC and HOC families by 50%. Tubal ligation also significantly reduces the risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (odds ratio 0.39). Knowledge of the genetic background provides an objective basis for individual risk assessment and prevention.
3
Ganz, Patricia A. "Age and Gender as Factors in Cancer Therapy." Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30428-2.
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You, Y. N., Y. Xing, B. W. Feig, M. A. Rodriguez-Bigas, J. M. Skibber, G. J. Chang, and J. N. Cormier. "Advanced-stage colon cancer prior to the screening age: Association with age, race, and insurance status." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.377.
Abstract:
377 Background: Stage-at-diagnosis is a major determinant of outcome in colon cancer. Population-based screening is currently only recommended after age 50, but the number of colon cancers diagnosed before 50 is increasing. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with advanced-stage disease (stage III or IV) among colon cancers diagnosed before 50. Methods: Between 2003 and 2007, 248,716 colon adenocarcinomas (25,383 diagnosed before age 50) were reported to the National Cancer Database. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were excluded. Among the cases diagnosed before 50, independent predictors for presenting at advanced stages (stage III or IV) were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: 10.2% of all colon cancers occur prior to age 50. Stage III or IV disease accounted for 62.2% of the cases before age 50, and 46.9% of those diagnosed at or after age 50 (p<0.001). Among colon cancers diagnosed before 50, independent risk factors for advanced-stage disease included: very young age groups (age 18-30 and age 30-40 vs. age 40-50), African American race (vs. Caucasian), and having Medicaid, non-Medicare government insurance or no insurance (vs. private insurance), after adjusting for gender, tumor location, geographic region, and treatment facility type (Table). Conclusions: In the unscreened population of patients before age 50, disparities in age, race, and insurance are associated with the stage at presentation. The risk factors identified help alert the treating clinicians toward patients most vulnerable to delays in their cancer diagnosis. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
5
Ursu, Radu, Radu Alexandru Truica, Alexandra Cojocaru, Diana Prepelita, Lucian Pop, Viorica Radoi, Nicolae Bacalbasa, and Irina Balescu. "Genetic factors involved in ovarian cancer." Romanian Medical Journal 69, S3 (June 20, 2022): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2022.s3.3.
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Ovarian cancer is the most frequent type of gynecologic malignancy and is currently on the fifth place among different cancers worldwide. According to the estimations, ovarian cancer accounts for 1.3% of all new cancer cases. Ovarian cancer is considered a heterogeneous class of malignancies with a poor prognosis due to late diagnose and low treatment response. There are few types of ovarian cancer: epithelial ovarian cancer, germline cell ovarian cancer and stromal cell ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancers represent more than 90% of ovarian malignancies, and comprise high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSOC), endometrioid carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma. Of these, HGSOC is the most frequent histological subtype. The diagnosis of most of OC cases, at an advanced disease stage is one of the reasons for high fatality rate and carries poor prognosis with current therapies. Several aspects can increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer, including genetic factors, such as age, postmenopausal hormonal therapy use, infertility and nulliparity. Among the genetic factors, most commonly we encounter BRCA1 and BRCA2, at approximately 17% of patients. Also these mutation rise the risk for another cancers like breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostatic cancer and melanoma. BRCA1 and 2 are genes involved in DNA repair and maintenance. Other genes that have a similar function are RAD511C, RAD51D, BRIP1, PALB2, CHEK2, MRE11A, RAD50, ATM and TP53.
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Sharmin, Sadia, Sarwar Alam, Md Zillur Rahman Bhuiyan, Md Nazir Uddin Mollah, and Md Mamun-Or-Rasheed. "Clinicopathological pattern and risk factors of carcinoma breast in younger age group." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 9, no. 2 (August 17, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i2.29197.
Abstract:
<p>Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Approximately 7% of all breast cancers are diagnosed in women <40 years of age. Young age at diagnosis influences prognosis negatively as they present with more advanced disease at diagnosis and a poorer 5-year survival than older patients. The present study includes breast cancer patients in the age group of 18 to 40 years to enrich our knowledge about clinical presentation and pathological characteristics of breast cancer. To find out the clinical presentation and pathological characteristics of breast cancer among the young age group.<strong> </strong> This cross-sectional study was done over 100 cases of histopathologically proven breast cancer from structured Questionnaire was used as data collection tool.<strong> </strong>Mean age was 33.89 years. Among the respondents 88% are married. Among the total studied population 61 respondents had the history of oral contraceptive pill use. Family history of cancer presents in 13.0% respondents and absent in 87.0% respondents. Among the respondents 95% patients presented with lump in the breast. 97.0% had invasive carcinoma 90% were invasive ductal carcinoma in which 46.0% were moderately differentiated. 51.0% patients were in the stage IIa and stage IIb.</p>
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Ribeiro, Isabella Lima Arrais, Júlia Julliêta de Medeiros, Larycia Vicente Rodrigues, Ana Maria Gondim Valença, and Eufrásio de Andrade Lima Neto. "Factors associated with lip and oral cavity cancer." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 18, no. 3 (September 2015): 618–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500030008.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of primary cancer of the lip and oral cavity regions compared to other types of head and neck cancers according to demographic, socioeconomic data and lifestyle, in Brazil, from 2000 to 2011. METHODS: A study was conducted using Hospital Cancer Records (Instituto Nacional do Câncer), from 2000 to 2011, totaling 23,153 cases. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression (response category: primary cancers located in the lip and oral cavity; comparison category; other types of primary cancer in the head and neck, which does not affect the lip and oral cavity) at a significance level α = 5%. RESULTS: The study showed factors associated with higher incidence of cancer in the lip and oral cavity: being of advanced age (OR = 1.16), not having a family history of cancer (OR = 2.38), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.17); former tobacco use (OR = 1.51) or current tobacco use (OR = 1.65); having a previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment (OR =1.66). Being female (OR = 0.92), having completed basic (OR = 0.71) and higher (OR = 0.46) education and having previous diagnosis of cancer with treatment (OR = 0.74) constituted factors associated with lower prevalence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Age, absence of family history of cancer, smoking habits and alcohol consumption, and previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment were associated with a higher incidence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity.
8
Bananzadeh, Alimohammad, Ali Daneshvar Jahromi, Amirhossein Emami Meybodi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Tadayon, and Mohammad Rezazadehkermani. "Prognostic Factors of Recurrence and Survival in Operated Patients with Colorectal Cancer." Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mejdd.2022.254.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The recurrence of colorectal cancers is considered to be one of the greatest post-surgical complications that is affected by various factors. This study was designed to investigate the prognostic factors that affect the recurrence and survival of patients with colon and rectal cancers. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 380 patients with colorectal cancers who underwent surgery were enrolled in the study (152 patients with colon cancer and 228 patients with rectal cancer). Preoperative serum albumin level, type of surgery, tumor size, differentiation grade, proximal, distal and radial, and marginal involvement, the total number of excised lymph nodes, the number of involved lymph nodes, and tumor stage were recorded. Also, the incidences of recurrence and metastasis were recorded during the study. RESULTS: 380 patients with a mean age of 57.11 years were enrolled in the study. 152 patients with an average age of 57.57 years were diagnosed as having colon cancer. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in two patients (1.3%) and five patients (3.3%), respectively. 18 patients (11.8%) died because of colon cancer. 228 patients with a mean age of 56.81 had rectal cancer. Recurrence was seen in 19 patients (8.3%) and metastasis in 33 patients (14.5%). 38 patients (16.7%) died because of rectal cancer. Tumor size and involved lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors for the recurrence and metastases of colon cancer. Only involved lymph nodes were associated with death due to colon cancer. Independent prognostic factors for rectal cancer metastasis include serum albumin level and age. The total number of excised lymph nodes was the only predictor of tumor recurrence and death in rectal cancer. The median survival times of colon and rectal cancers were 90 and 110 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The size of the tumor and the number of involved lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis of colon cancer. Also, the number of involved lymph nodes was associated with colon cancer-related deaths. In the case of rectal cancer, serum albumin levels and age predicted metastases. Only the total number of excised lymph nodes had a reverse relationship with recurrence and rectal cancer-related death.
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Yuan, Chen, Jihye Kim, Qiao-Li Wang, Alice A. Lee, Ana Babic, Laufey T. Amundadottir, Alison P. Klein, et al. "Abstract 5891: The age-dependent association of risk factors with pancreatic cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5891.
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Abstract Importance: Pancreatic cancer presents as advanced disease in >80% of patients; yet, appropriate ages to consider prevention and early detection strategies are poorly defined. Objective: To investigate age-specific associations and attributable risks of pancreatic cancer for established modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: We included 167,483 participants from 2 prospective U.S. cohort studies with 1190 incident cases of pancreatic cancer identified during >30 years of follow-up; 5107 pancreatic cancer cases and 8845 control participants of European ancestry from a completed multicenter genome-wide association study (GWAS); and 248,893 pancreatic cancer cases documented in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Exposures: Across different age categories, we investigated cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, height, and non-O blood group in the prospective cohorts; weighted polygenic risk score of 22 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GWAS; and male sex and Black race in the SEER program. Main outcomes and measures: Risk of developing pancreatic cancer by age evaluated by Cox, logistic, or Poisson regression, as determined by the study design. Results: In the prospective cohorts, all 5 risk factors were more strongly associated with pancreatic cancer risk among younger participants, with associations greatly attenuated among those over 70 years. The HRs comparing participants with 3-5 risk factors to those with no risk factors were 9.24 (95% CI, 4.11-20.77) among those aged ≤60 years, 3.00 (95% CI, 1.85-4.86) among those aged 61-70 years, and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.10-1.94) among those over 70 years (Pheterogeneity = 3×10-5). These factors together were related to 65.6%, 49.7%, and 17.2% of incident pancreatic cancers in these age groups, respectively. In the GWAS, the polygenic risk score was most strongly associated with pancreatic cancer risk among those aged ≤60 years, with lesser associations identified in older participants (Pheterogeneity = .01). In the SEER Program, male sex and Black race were also more strongly associated with pancreatic cancer risk among younger individuals (Pheterogeneity < 1×10-8). Conclusions and relevance: Inherited and lifestyle factors are more strongly associated with earlier-onset pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the importance of age at initiation for cancer prevention and control programs targeting this highly lethal malignancy. Citation Format: Chen Yuan, Jihye Kim, Qiao-Li Wang, Alice A. Lee, Ana Babic, PanScan/PanC4 I-III Consortium, Laufey T. Amundadottir, Alison P. Klein, Donghui Li, Marjorie L. McCullough, Gloria M. Petersen, Harvey A. Risch, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Kimberly Perez, Kimmie Ng, Edward L. Giovannucci, Meir J. Stampfer, Peter Kraft, Brian M. Wolpin. The age-dependent association of risk factors with pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5891.
10
Mihajlovic-Bozic, Vesna. "Risk factors for colorectal cancer." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 1 (2004): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0401045m.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in human population. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in our country. The incidence of colorectal cancer increases in the fifth decade of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between colorectal cancer and potential risk factors. A case-control study of colorectal cancer was carried out between 1998 and 1999 in Clinical Center of Serbia, Center for Digestive Surgery. A total of 100 cases of newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by histopathology and an equal number of controls, individually matched by gender and age (+/-5 years), were chosen from patients from the same hospital with no history of cancer at all. McNemar test and conditional logistic regression were used in the analysis. According to logistic regression analysis the following risk factors were independently related with the occurrence of colorectal cancer: cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and diet rich in red meat and fat promote the carcinogenic process; food rich in vegetables, fruits, grains, vitamin C, physical activity, and oral contraceptive use inhibit the same process. A family history of cancer and long standing inflammatory bowel diseases also have significant role. There is convincing evidence that nutrition affects colorectal carcinogenesis in a complex fashion.
11
Pan, Zhe, Junfeng Huang, Mingkai Huang, Zhiyuan Yao, Jiongqiang Huang, Jingsong Chen, and Rongchang Wang. "Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer in China." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10542.
Abstract:
10542 Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer among persons aged < 50 years (early-onset colorectal cancer, EOCRC) has increased since the early 1990s. However, the risk factors contributing to this trend remain largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of participants who were aged < 50 years and without a previous cancer history, using the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study. We analyzed data related to demographics, lifestyle habits, family history, and comorbidities of EOCRC cases with participants without colorectal cancer in this age group (controls). Univariate and multivariate-adjusted cox regression models were used to estimate the associations with risk factors. Results: We identified 225 EOCRC cases and 88842 controls that include the final analyses. Of the 225 EOCRC patients, 105 (46.7%) were colon cancers and 120 (53.3%) were rectum cancers. EOCRC cases were older, have more intake of fish and eggs, have higher BMIs, diabetes, and family history of cancer compared with controls (P < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, increasing age (HR 2.18, 95%CI 2.05-2.31), BMI (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.11), family history of cancer (HR 1.41, 95%CI 1.00-1.98), and more intake of fish (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.09-2.19) were significantly associated with a higher risk of EOCRC. In sensitivity analyses stratified by cancer site (colon and rectum), the results remained consistent. Conclusions: Based on the large Chinese cohort study, we found increasing age, higher BMI or obesity, family history of cancer, and more intake of fish were independent risk factors for EOCRC. Further studies are needed to identify factors that cause the increasing incidence of EOCRC in China and other countries, and explore the potential mechanism behind.[Table: see text]
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Sharkas, Ghazi Faisal, Kamal H. Arqoub, Yousef S. Khader, Mohammad R. Tarawneh, Omar F. Nimri, Marwan J. Al-zaghal, and Hadil S. Subih. "Colorectal Cancer in Jordan: Survival Rate and Its Related Factors." Journal of Oncology 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3180762.
Abstract:
Objectives. To estimate the survival rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine its predictors among Jordanian patients who were diagnosed in the period of 2005–2010. Methods. This study was based on Jordan cancer registry. All CRC cases that were registered in cancer registry during 2005–2010 were analyzed using the survival analysis. The last date for follow-up was 1st Oct 2016. Results. A total of 3005 patients with CRC were registered during 2005–2010. The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates for patients with CRC were 58.2% and 51.8%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate decreased significantly from 60.4% for the age <50 years to 49.3% for the age ≥70 years (p<0.005). The 5-year survival rate was 72.1% for the localized stage, 53.8% for the regional stage, and 22.6% for the distant metastasis. In the multivariate analysis, the only factors that were significantly associated with survival were age, grade, stage, and location of tumor. Conclusions. The overall 5-year and ten-year survival rates for CRC were 58.2% and 51.8%, respectively. Increased age, poor differentiation, advanced cancer stage, and right-sided cancers were associated with lower survival rates. Screening strategies are needed for early detection of colon adenomas and colorectal cancer in Jordan.
13
Stell, P. M. "Prognosis in mouth cancer: host factors." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 5 (May 1992): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100119668.
Abstract:
AbstractA personal series of 842 patients with a tumour of the oral cavity is presented. Five hundred and twelve of these patients had a histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma, and were previously untreated.Increasing age was associated with worsening performance status. Women were older at presentation than men, and tumours of the upper part of the mouth were more common in the elderly, but there was no relation between age and histological grade or stage grouping.Sex had no correlation with performance status or histological grade. However, men were more likely to have an advanced tumour, and tumours of the floor of the mouth and alveolus were much commoner in men.There was no correlation between performance status and site or histological grade, but patients in poor general condition were more likely to have stage III-IV tumours.Multivariate analysis showed that sex had no impact whatever on survival, but survival fell with increasing age and worsening performance status. The effect of age and performance status disappeared when the survival of treated patients was adjusted for deaths due to other causes.
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Essiben, Felix, Esther JN Um Meka, Gregory Ayissi, Henri Essome, Etienne Atenguena, and Pascal Foumane. "Factors associated with breast cancer occurrence before the age of 40 in Yaoundé." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200377.
Abstract:
Background: In Cameroon, one third of breast cancers concern women less than 40 of age and young age appeared to be an independent predictor of adverse outcome. This study aimed to determine factors associated with the development of breast cancer before the age of 40 in Yaoundé.Methods: A case-control study was conducted for 7 months, from November 1st, 2016 to May 31st, 2017 at the General Hospital and the gyneco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé. Study compared the socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle data of 50 women less than 40 of age with breast cancer (cases) with those of 200 women below 40 of age without breast cancer (controls). Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle data. Data were computed using the SPSS version 23.0 software. The significance threshold value was set at 0.05.Results: After multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with the occurrence of breast cancer before the age of 40 were: age ≥ 30 (aOR = 2.05); family history of breast cancer (aOR = 8.65); parity ≥ 1 (aOR = 2.46); breastfeeding (aOR = 3.39); waist circumference ≥ 88 centimeters (cm) (aOR = 4.38); breast density ≥ 90 (aOR = 2.89); physical activity ≤ 3 hours/week (aOR = 4.78). Conclusions: Breast cancer in women under 40 is associated with family history, reproductive life and women's lifestyles. Breastfeeding more than 12 months, having a balanced diet, supplementary screening tests in women with dense breasts and practicing physical activity; would be effective ways to prevent it in young women.
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Abenet, Menene Gurara. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening and its Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group at Batu Health Center, Batu Town, Ethiopia." Open Access Journal of Gynecology 5, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajg-16000199.
Abstract:
Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. According to world health organization projections, over 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer, of which over 90% occur in developing countries. Worldwide, the mortality rate from cervical cancer is 52%. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, practice of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women of reproductive age group attending maternal health services at Batu health center, 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from May to June 2018. A total of 269 women attending maternal services were included in the study. Systematic sampling techniques were used to select women. Interviewer based structured questionnaire were employed to collect data. Data were entered into statistical software EPI-info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis to describe study population and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify associated factors. Finally Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify the factors of cervical cancer screening then Strength of association was measured using odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals, Statistical significance was declared at P value <0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.3+5.72(SD) years. All of the total 259 respondents ever heard about cervical cancer while only 19.7% had compressive (good) knowledge on cervical cancers. However, 71.4% had positive attitude towards the screening of cervical cancer and 72.6% had agreed on the importance to made available national cervical cancer screening program in the future and the importance to take vaccine against human papilloma virus when available. Regarding with the screening practice, 37(14.3%) ever got a cervical screening test (Pap) smear test either one times (73.3%) or two times (27.0%) within the past 3-6 years. Factors associated with screening practice were: had ever practiced abortion [AOR =8.27, 95%CI (2.69- 25.40)], had knowledge on cervical cancer [AOR= 15.82, 95%CI (3.67- 68.22)] and had experienced any gynecological examination [AOR= 3.16, 95%CI (1.08- 9.25)]. Conclusion and Recommendations: Knowledge on cervical cancer screening and screening practice among women of reproductive age group at Batu town is low. However, majority had positive attitude towards the screening of cervical cancer. Abortion experience, knowledge on cervical cancer and history of gynecological examination were factors for screening practice. Therefore, efforts should be focused in informing comprehensive knowledge on cervical cancers, encouraging any gynecological examination and promoting cervical cancer screening
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Iqbal, Javaid, Tahmina Ferdousy, Rahela Dipi, Reza Salim, Wei Wu, Steven A. Narod, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Mohammad G. Mostafa, and Ophira Ginsburg. "Risk Factors for Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Bangladesh." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/612042.
Abstract:
Background. The incidence of premenopausal breast cancer is rising throughout South Asia. Our objective was to determine the role of risk factors associated with Westernization for premenopausal breast cancer in Bangladesh.Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, at four hospitals in Bangladesh. Cases were premenopausal women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Controls were premenopausal women with no personal history of breast cancer. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for breast cancer.Results. We identified 129 age-matched pairs. The mean age of breast cancer diagnosis was 37.5 years. Each year decrease in the age of menarche significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.56,P=0.02). The risk was also increased with a current body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2(OR = 5.24, 95% CI 1.10–24.9,P=0.04). Age at first childbirth, parity, and breastfeeding were not significantly associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk (P>0.05).Conclusions. Age at menarche and adult weight gain were associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk. Other factors associated with Westernization may not be relevant to premenopausal breast cancer risk in Bangladesh.
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Mathew, Aleyamma. "Cancer in Women." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 52, no. 04 (October 2016): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712735.
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ABSTRACTCancer is emerging as a public health problem among an array of non-communicable diseases. The common cancers in women are breast, cervix uteri, colo-rectum, ovary, corpus uteri, lung and oral cavity. Breast cancer (BC) is the common cancer (20-30% of all cancers in women) and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About half of the BCs and 60% of the deaths are estimated to occur in economically developing countries. In most of the registries in India, BC is the commonest cancer with the highest incidence of nearly 50 per 100,000 women in Trivandrum. Half of this cancer is reported in <50 years of age and it exercises adverse influence on the productive role of women in the society. The factors that contribute to the international variation in BC incidence rates are largely due to the differences in reproductive and hormonal factors and the availability of early detection services.Gynecological cancers account 15-30% of all cancers in women. Cervix uteri cancer (CC) is the 3rd most common cancer affecting women worldwide, the most common cancer among women in several less developed countries and 2nd common cancer in India. During last few decades, this cancer incidence has been decreased in India. Significant declines in CC are likely due to changes in marriage and family planning, supported by underlying improvements in education and socioeconomic status. In spite of decreasing incidence of this cancer, gynecologic cancers have increased in India. Among these, ovary and corpus uteri cancers are the major contributors. Ovarian cancer (OC) has emerged as one of the common malignancies affecting women in India and is the 5th common cancer in India (4th common in Trivandrum). A steady increase has been observed in OC incidence in several registries including Trivandrum. More than 50% of women with OC are under the age of 50 years. The risk of it increases in women who have ovulated more over their lifetime. This includes those who begin ovulation at a younger age or reach menopause at an older age. Other risk factors include hormone therapy after menopause, fertility medication and obesity. Factors that decrease risk include hormonal birth control, tubal ligation, and breast feeding. Efforts are to be made to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage by educating population about the risk factors. Corpus uteri cancers (CUC) are most common in western countries but are becoming more common in Asia. In India, the highest CUC incidence rates are observed in Trivandrum and its incidence has been increasing. Presently, it is the 5th common cancer among women in Trivandrum, 75% of women are over the age of 50 years. The risk factors of CUC include obesity, diabetes mellitus, BC, use of tamoxifen, never having had a child, late menopause and high levels of estrogen.Colo-rectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd most common cancer in women world-wide. The burden of CRC has risen rapidly in some economically developed Asian countries like Japan, South Korea and Singapore. In India, the highest CRC incidence rates are observed in Trivandrum and its incidence has been increasing. Presently, it is the 5th common cancer among women in Trivandrum. The major factors include certain dietary practices and family history of cancer. Individuals with a family history of colon cancer, especially if more than one relative has had the disease, are at increased risk of CRC. Other common cancers in women are tobacco-related cancers such as oral cavity (lip, tongue and mouth) and lung. Declining trends in mouth cancer has been reported in India.Results on the burden, trends in incidence & mortality, risk factors of breast, cervix uteri, ovary and corpus uteri colo-rectal, lung and oral cavity cancers will be presented.
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Comander, A. H., B. M. Gallagher, K. Krag, Y. Wang, H. Li, R. Gelman, L. C. Collins, S. J. Schnitt, J. E. Garber, and N. Tung. "Determination of factors predicting for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 11045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11045.
Abstract:
11045 Background: Most breast cancers that occur in BRCA1 mutation carriers tend to lack ER, progesterone receptors and Her2/neu. Foulkes et al.(Clin Can Res 2004; 10: 2029) reported an increase in BRCA1-associated ER+ tumors with increasing age. Little is known about the clinical factors that predict for ER status in this population. Understanding these factors and whether ER+ cancers are sporadic may have important implications for chemoprevention and treatment strategies. Methods: BRCA1mutation carriers who developed an invasive breast cancer from 1973–2008 were identified through the Cancer Risk and Prevention programs at 4 Boston-area hospitals. Clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical and research records. ER status was obtained from pathology reports, and ER staining was repeated when data was missing or when ER was listed as “weak”. Logistic regression was used to model ER positivity for the first invasive breast cancer. Potential predictors included menopausal status, age at cancer diagnosis, prior use of hormone replacement therapy, Ashkenazi-Jewish descent, age at first live birth, tobacco use, and alcohol use. Results: 170 BRCA1 mutation carriers were identified; 56 with ER+ and 114 with ER- first invasive cancers. Menopausal status was found to be a significant predictor of ER status; 18/56 (32%) with ER+ breast cancer were postmenopausal vs.14/114 (12%) with ER- cancer (odds ratio = 0.30, p = 0.002). Age >= 50 was significant in univariate analysis, 14/ 56 (25%) ER+ vs. 11/ 114 (10%) ER- cancers (p=0.01), but not in multiple regression. Conclusions: While most breast cancers in BRCA1 carriers are ER-, we found postmenopausal BRCA1carriers significantly more likely to develop an ER+ tumor than premenopausal carriers. As mutation carriers are likely to become surgically menopausal before age 50, and menopause and age are correlated, additional data will be needed to sort out the relative contribution of each factor to ER status. An understanding of this issue could have important implications for chemoprevention strategies. Molecular analysis of the ER+ breast cancers in our BRCA1+ cohort is underway to investigate whether ER+ breast cancers are manifestations of the BRCA1 mutation or sporadic. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ali, Aus Tariq. "Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 24, no. 3 (March 2014): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000075.
Abstract:
AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of women in developed countries, and its incidence is 10 times higher than in developing countries. Endometrial cancer is most common in the sixth and the seventh decades of life; thus, postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing the disease compared with premenopausal women. The increased incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer can be explained by the increase in life expectancy, increased caloric intake, increased obesity rates, and other changes in lifestyle and reproductive factors. Among the reproductive factors, the risk of endometrial cancer is positively correlated with a younger age at menarche and late age at menopause, infertility, null parity, age of the first child, and long-term use of unopposed estrogens for hormone replacement therapy. Protection against endometrial cancer has been detected with increase parity, the use of combined oral contraceptives, and increased age of women at last delivery. The relationship between endometrial cancer risk and miscarriage, abortion, ovulation induction drugs and in vitro fertilization is still controversial.
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Siraziev, A. M., G. R. Khasanova, and M. Y. Ulyanin. "Risk factors of prostate cancer." Medical Almanac, no. 3-4 (October 14, 2019): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-110-114.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization data, 1.2 million cases of the disease and 358,000 deaths because of prostate cancer were recorded in 2018. This nosology takes the second place in the structure of oncological morbidity, and the sixth place in the structure of cancer-associated mortality. A large number of works have been devoted to the study of the etiopathogenesis of prostate cancer. In this review, we attempted to summarize some of the results of studies of risk factors for this disease. The article analyzes the results of studies on the possible impact on the development of the disease of both biological factors (age, race, the presence of certain genetic polymorphisms), and lifestyle-related factors (nutrition, obesity, alcohol use, smoking). Despite the urgency of the problem and the huge number of studies conducted, up to date, only for a number of unmodifiable factors, such as age, race, heredity, their unconditional role in the development of prostate cancer have proved. There is no clarity regarding the significance of the role of modifiable, factors, including behavioral, in the development of the disease. The data from the studies are contradictory and not very convincing. Further research in this direction is necessary to get information about the contribution of potential risk factors to the etiopathogenesis of prostate cancer.
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Abdelkhalek, E. R., L. M. Sherief, N. M. Kamal, and R. M. Soliman. "Factors Associated with Delayed Cancer Diagnosis in Egyptian Children." Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics 8 (January 2014): CMPed.S16413. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s16413.
Abstract:
Background Despite tremendous importance of early cancer diagnosis in children, few studies on this topic have been conducted in Egypt. Early stage diagnosis can have a positive effect on prognoses and the quality of life of children with cancer. We investigated delays in the diagnosis of childhood cancers in Egypt and determined the factors associated with these delays. Methods This retrospective study included 172 children with cancer from two pediatric oncology units. The interval between symptoms onset and final diagnosis for each child was estimated and examined by univariate and multivariate analyses to determine correlations with the child's sex, age at diagnosis, type and site of malignancy, family residence, socioeconomic status, and parental educational level. Findings The median total diagnosis delay period was 47 days caused by patients and/or parents (8 days) and diagnosis (28 days). Statistically significant patient factors associated with delayed diagnosis were age (<5 years), lower parental education, and socioeconomic status. Sex residence and family size were not significant. Malignancy type and tumor site significantly affected the time for diagnosis. The lowest median value was associated with germ cell tumors (GCTs) and leukemia, and the highest value was in children with brain tumor. Missed diagnoses were initially recorded in 39.5% of the patients and were associated with patient and tumor factors. Interpretation Delayed diagnosis of childhood cancer is related to age, family, socioeconomic status and parental education, and cancer type and site. Efforts should be made to promote awareness, develop effective steps to eliminate possible contributing factors, and determine the best intervention method.
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Mouhari-Toure, Abas, Sefako Abla Akakpo, Julienne Noude Teclessou, Piham Gnossike, Saliou Adam, Garba Mahamadou, Panawé Kassang, et al. "Factors Associated with Skin Cancers in People with Albinism in Togo." Journal of Skin Cancer 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3433493.
Abstract:
Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with skin cancers in people with albinism (PWA) in Togo. Method. This is a retrospective analytical study of the records of PWA examined during five dermatological consultation campaigns from 2019 to 2021. Results. During the study period, 517 PWA were seen. Sixty-four (12.3%) of these PWA had presented with 137 cases of skin cancer. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.9. The average age of PWA with skin cancer was 39.69 ± 15.61 years and that of PWA without skin cancer was 19.17 ± 15.24 years ( p ≤ 0.001 ). The 137 cases of skin cancers were dominated by basal cell carcinomas (45.9%). These skin cancers were located preferentially in the cephalic region (77 cases; 56.2%), followed by the upper limbs (33 cases; 24.1%). In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for skin cancers in PWA were age over 39 years ( p ≤ 0.001 ) and the presence of actinic keratoses ( p ≤ 0.001 ). In contrast, the presence of ephelides ( p = 0.018 ) was a protective factor. Conclusion. This study confirms that advanced age and actinic keratoses are risk factors for skin cancer in PWA, in connection with the cumulative role of solar radiation. Its originality lies in the identification of ephelides as a protective factor. The knowledge and consideration of these risk factors will make it possible to optimise strategies for the prevention of skin cancers in PWA.
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Rahesh, Jasmin, Shazma Khan, Arham Siddiqui, and Roy Jacob. "Second primary cancer in the brain: a longitudinal case study from childhood into adulthood." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 10, no. 45 (October 21, 2022): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v10i45.1065.
Abstract:
Second cancers occur after the remission of a previous cancer in patients. Due to the increased successful treatment of childhood cancers, these second cancers are more likely to occur for these patients, later in life. Risk factors and causes for these second cancers include predisposing genetic factors, exposure to radiation and chemotherapy from initial cancer treatment, and environmental conditions. The most likely the reason second cancers occur is multifactorial and involves an interaction of both environmental and genetic factors. We present a longitudinal case study following a patient who was treated for an ependymoma at age three and twenty-two years later presenting with symptoms indicative of another cancer, at age 25.
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Hayes, Richard B. "Abstract IA012: Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 23_Supplement_1 (December 1, 2022): IA012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.crc22-ia012.
Abstract:
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has been declining in the U.S. overall; however, the incidence of CRC in individuals less than 50 years of age (early-onset disease) has been increasing over the last several decades in the U.S. and elsewhere. Furthermore, cancers diagnosed in people less than 50 years of age tend to be characterized by advanced stage and greater propensity for recurrence, increasing the urgency of this emerging public health problem. Responding to the rapid rise in early-onset CRC, some CRC screening guidelines have changed to lower the screening age from 50 to 45, for average risk individuals. Our purpose was to identify genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for early-onset CRC which could be used in predictive modelling to identify the younger individuals who would most benefit from screening. This research, which included more than 3,500 early-onset CRC and 3,500 comparison controls, serves to comprehensively assess genetic, environmental and lifestyle risks in early-onset CRC, as well as to develop a risk prediction tool specifically for this age group. We found that a polygenic risk score is associated with early-onset CRC, particularly for those without a family history of CRC. Several known CRC environmental and lifestyle risk factors are also linked with early-onset disease. In summary, the absolute risk for CRC in young people is low; however, genetic, environmental and lifestyle information provides initial stratification into low and high-risk groups. These findings may contribute to the identification of individuals susceptible to early-onset CRC for tailored early detection or other preventive interventions. Citation Format: Richard B. Hayes. Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer; 2022 Oct 1-4; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_1):Abstract nr IA012.
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Patel, Alpa V., Emily Deubler, Lauren R. Teras, Graham A. Colditz, Cari J. Lichtman, William G. Cance, and Christina A. Clarke. "Abstract 2235: Identifying populations at elevated risk of cancer outside those traditionally targeted for screening and prevention." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2235.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction: Currently, populations are identified for cancer screening interventions one cancer type at a time. With new developments in cancer screening, including multi-cancer early detection tests, it is important and timely to understand the overall cancer burden in populations outside those traditionally targeted for single-cancer screenings. Thus, we sought to identify the most important risk factors for developing any invasive cancer, and to calculate associated 5-year absolute risks, with a particular focus on persons under age 50 years. Methods: Two large American Cancer Society cohorts followed prospectively for cancer, the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-IINC) enrolled from 1992-1993 and Cancer Prevention Study 3 (CPS-3) enrolled from 2006-2013, were used to examine a broad range of cancer risk factors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between potential risk factors and subsequent overall risk of any invasive cancer. The Individualized Coherent Absolute Risk Estimation tool used these HRs to estimate absolute risk in 5-year age groups. Results: 15,226 cancers were identified among 429,991 participants within 5 years of follow-up. Several risk factors including smoking history, obesity, alcohol, family history of cancer, and various chronic medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) were associated with a higher risk of cancer. Persons above age 50 years, regardless of other risk factors considered, had at least 2% absolute risk per 5 years. Among persons under age 50 years, smoking status was the most important factor differentiating risk. For men under age 50, absolute risk of any cancer did not exceed 2% except for men ages 45-49 years who currently smoke or recently quit (within 30 years). For women under age 50, absolute risk exceeded 2% starting at age 35-39 years for current or recent former smokers, and all women, even long-term nonsmokers, at age 45-49 had over 2% absolute risk. Conclusions: Smoking history is important in differentiating absolute risk of any cancer in adults under age 50 years. More research to understand the extent to which other cancer risk factors influence risk for specific populations aged <50 years should be carried out. Citation Format: Alpa V. Patel, Emily Deubler, Lauren R. Teras, Graham A. Colditz, Cari J. Lichtman, William G. Cance, Christina A. Clarke. Identifying populations at elevated risk of cancer outside those traditionally targeted for screening and prevention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2235.
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Kim, Dong H., and Il Y. Yoo. "Factors associated with resilience of school age children with cancer." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 46, no. 7-8 (June 8, 2010): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01749.x.
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Vaittinen, Pauli, and Kari Hemminki. "Risk factors and age-incidence relationships for contralateral breast cancer." International Journal of Cancer 88, no. 6 (2000): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0215(20001215)88:6<998::aid-ijc25>3.0.co;2-0.
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Ludmir, Ethan B., Walker Mainwaring, Timothy A. Lin, Austin B. Miller, Amit Jethanandani, Andres F. Espinoza, Jacob J. Mandel, et al. "Factors Associated With Age Disparities Among Cancer Clinical Trial Participants." JAMA Oncology 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2055.
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Uharček, P., M. Mlynček, J. Ravinger, and M. Matejka. "Prognostic factors in women 45 years of age or younger with endometrial cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 18, no. 2 (2008): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00997.x.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to conduct a clinical and pathologic review of endometrial cancers diagnosed in women aged younger than 45 years to better identify the prognostic factors for this subgroup of women. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical history, treatment, and follow-up of patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer treated in Faculty Hospital Nitra, Slovakia from 1993 to 2003. Data were abstracted regarding tumor histology, grade, age, parity, stage, diabetes, use of oral contraceptives, body mass index (BMI), and survival. One hundred seventy-three patients with endometrioid histology were divided into two groups: younger group (age ≤45 years, n= 20) and older group (age >45, n= 153). Patients with high-risk histology (clear cell or serous papillary) were excluded from the study. Twenty patients less than or equal to 45 years of age received treatment for endometrial cancer: stage I, 16 (80%); stage II, 2 (10%); stage III, 1 (5%); and stage IV, 1 (5%). Tumors were well differentiated in 12 (60%), moderately differentiated in 6 (30%), and poorly differentiated in 2 (10%). Age ranged from 28 to 45 years (mean 37), with mean BMI 35.8 ± 9.4. At the end of study period, 17 (85%) were alive with no evidence of disease and 3 (15%) had died of recurrent disease. We conclude that patients less than or equal to 45 years of age have better survival compared to older patients. Deeper myometrial invasion was significantly associated with age greater than 45 years. Majority of young patients with endometrial cancer were obese and nulliparous.
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López, Marco T., Adriana Pesci Feltri, Garcia F. Isabel, Vincent Guida, Andreina Fernandes, and Ricardo Blanch. "Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Breast Cancer." Cancer Plus 2, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v2i3.351.
Abstract:
Objective: To determine the risk factors according to age group, gynecological history, personal and family background, and the potential breast cancer protective factors of breast cancer patients who visited the gynecological clinic of the University Hospital of Caracas from January 2013 to December 2015 were determined. Method: Retrospective, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional studies. Result: 110 patients were female; the average age was 53 years and 3 months. The age of menarche is 12 years and 5 months. 77% were menopausal, with an average age of 48 years and 1 month, and only 5% received hormone replacement therapy. 92% were multiple pregnancies, and the first delivery age was 21 years and 5 months. Only 8% were ineffective and 33% had a history of abortion. 24% had a family history of primary or secondary breast cancer. 40% of women use hormonal contraceptives for an average of 21 months, and 72% of women breastfeed. Conclusion: Age, gender, personal and family background are consistent with international publications. In contrast, the use of oral contraceptives is not considered a risk factor, and breastfeeding is not considered a protective factor.
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Indumathi M, Kavitha S, Vishnupriya V, and Gayathri R. "Knowledge and Awareness on Risk Factors of Breast Cancers Among Homemakers." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (October 19, 2020): 1439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3450.
Abstract:
Globally the major cause of cancer associated death among women is breast cancer. Reports showed that all over world approximately 1.15 million women are affected by breast cancer. Lack of awareness and late diagnosis are the prime reasons behind the raising mortality associated with breast cancer. Breast cancer is becoming the principal cause of mortality worldwide and has greater impact in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to access the knowledge and awareness on risk factors of breast cancers among homemakers. About 150 participants were involved in the study. Self-administered questionnaire of close ended questions was prepared related to risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic modalities, prevention and treatment of breast cancer and distributed among homemakers through online survey forms. In the present study about 62.7% were aware of risk factors of breast cancer and 37.3% were not aware. Regarding the information source of breast cancer risk factors, most of the participants (43.3%) responded to from school or college education. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were aware that breast cancer is among the most prevailing cancers among women. Regarding the risk factors of breast cancer, 36% responded to obesity,10% responded to advanced age and 54% responded to family history of breast cancer. The majority of the participants (56.7%) responded age as a major risk factor. In the present study, knowledge and awareness on the breast cancer, risk factors among homemakers is moderate.
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Aziz, Hassan, Fazal Hussain, Scott Edelman, Joseph Cirrone, Isamettin Aral, Rachel Fruchter, Peter Homel, and Marvin Rotman. "Age and Race as Prognostic Factors in Endometrial Carcinoma." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 6 (December 1996): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000421-199612000-00014.
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Abedalrahman, Sarab K., Besmah M. Ali, Najim Abid Issa Al-Khalidy, and Ali S. Al-Hashimi. "Risk factors of breast cancer among Iraqi women." Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v5i3.609.
Abstract:
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Breast Cancer among Iraqi women.
Methods: A retrospective case control study, done on 147 breast cancer cases compared with 161 non- malignant cases selected randomly from women health center in Al-Elwyia maternity teaching hospital.
Results: increased risk for breast cancer significantly associated with increased age especially ≥ 60 years, widow or divorced women(OR 3.7, CI (1.5-8.5)), menopause ((OR 6.43, CI(3.58-11.9)),age at menarche < 12 years (OR 1.99, CI (1.04-3.8)), and use of contraceptive pills for≥ 1 year (OR 1.99, CI (1.01-3.95)).
Conclusion: positive risk factor for breast cancer was old age≥ 60 years, widow or divorced women, menopause, age at menarche < 12 years, and use of contraceptive pills for≥ 1 year. Family history, 2nd degree relative, not associated with breast cancer. There are some discrepancies between our findings and other studies in the literature need further studies.
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Castro, Shamyr Sulyvan de, Alarcos Cieza, and Chester Luiz Galvão Cesar. "Persons with disabilities, cancer screening and related factors." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 18, no. 12 (December 2013): 3705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013001200026.
Abstract:
The scope of this article is to describe persons with disabilities (PwD) being subjected to cancer screening and the relationship between some social variables and inequalities in performing these tests. A cross-sectional study of cancer screening among PwD was conducted in 2007 with 333 participants interviewed in residence in 4 cities of São Paulo. Variables in the practice of cancer screening, disabilities, gender, age, income of main family breadwinner, ethnicity, use of health services, assistance required, private health insurance, and coverage by the family health program were studied. Frequencies, χ²-test, trend χ² percentages and the Odds Ratios (OR) were used for data analysis. 44% of PwD attended at least one cancer screening at the appropriate time. Persons with visual disabilities and with hearing disabilities were subjected to more screening examinations than those with mobility disabilities and women were attended in screening exams more than men. Persons between the ages of 21 and 60 reported cancer screening more frequently than those between 80 and 97 years of age. The outcomes indicate that PwD have different attitudes toward cancer screening according to the type of disability, gender, and age, which were the variables that directly influenced cancer screening exams.
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Pescatore, D., P. Calvi, P. Bruno, P. Armela, and F. Questa. "Prognostic Factors in Renal Cancer." Urologia Journal 60, no. 4 (August 1993): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039306000404.
Abstract:
Between January 1983 and December 1991, 70 patients with RCC underwent radical nephrectomy in the Dept. of Urology of the Ospedale Civile di Sanremo. Survival was evaluated with regard to age and sex of pts., site of the neoplasm (polar or midrenal), side, size, cell pattern, grading and pathologic staging. The statistical significance was studied for each of these data. Data are homogeneous due to use of the same surgical technique (trans or thoracoabdominal access, preliminary ligation and division of renal vessels, removal of the kidney with its peri-renal fat, Gerota's fascia and the ipsilateral adrenal gland, extended lymphadenectomy). All operations were performed by the same surgeon.
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Kim, Tong-Yoon, Sung-Eun Lee, Soo-Hyun Kim, Soo-Young Choi, Eun-Jung Jang, and Dong-Wook Kim. "Prevalence and Risk Predictive Factors of Comorbid Malignancies in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1900.1900.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction: As chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patents are generally diagnosed at old age and live longer by active use of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the occurrence of other malignancy (OM) is becoming a critical issue as a long-term comorbidity. An increased rate of OM has been reported in myeloproliferative disorders and long-term TKI treatment may induce OM in CML. To explore exact prevalence and characteristics of OM, we reviewed medical records of CML patients and compared with those of age-matched Korean population. Methods: The medical records of 1,469 CML patients who diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2014 were reviewed using Korean data-set of Asia CML Registry (ACR). With a cut-off date of July 2016, age-standardized prevalence rates (A-SPR) of OM (except benign tumors and other leukemias) were analyzed and compared with that of general population in Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR). In addition, we analyzed cumulative incidence rate of OM and various risk factors. Results: The median duration of follow-up was 84 (1-197) months, and 96 CML patients had at least one OM. Forty three patients had a history of OM before a median 69 (1-161) months of CML diagnosis and 53 patients developed OM after a median 53 (range; 0.2-172) months of CML diagnosis. The OM included 32 thyroid cancers, 19 colorectal cancers, 16 stomach cancers, 9 breast cancers, 4 gynecological cancers (3 cervical cancers and 1 uterine endometrial cancers), 3 lymphoma (2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma), 3 biliary cancer, 3 skin cancers, 3 prostate cancers, 2 lung cancer, 2 tongue cancer, 2 liver cancer, 2 esophageal cancer, 1 pancreatic cancer, and 1 bladder cancer.A-SPR of OM was 1.7 times higher in CML patients. Hodgkin's lymphoma (8.7 times), thyroid cancer (2.6 times), biliary cancer (2.6 times), colorectal cancer (2 times), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.8 times), cervical cancer (1.8 times), and breast cancer (1.6 times) had a higher A-SPR. On the other hands, skin cancer (3.3 times), lung cancer (2 times), and liver cancer (2 times) were lower than that of general population. With 53 patients who had OM after CML diagnosis, we analyzed the cumulative incidence. The risk of OM was increased over the follow-up period (2.7% at 7 years) Univariate analysis revealed that patients who were more than 37 years old at CML diagnosis (4.3% vs. 0.4%, p<0.001) and who had family history of cancer (8.2% vs. 2.3%, p=0.002) were associated with a higher OM. After adjusting for factors, multivariate analysis showed that older age (HR of 4.19, P<0.001) and family history (HR of 3.17, P=0.001) were independently associated with increased risk. There was no difference in 7-year overall survival (OS) between patients with OM (n=96) and without OM (n=1,373) (84.9% vs. 86.9%, p=0.573). However advanced cancer stages (stage 3 and 4) of OM significantly affected poor OS ( 88.3% vs. 65.6% P=0.0406). Conclusion: Although comorbid malignancies did not significantly affect CML survival, poor survival in advanced stages and the high risk of other cancers warn the need of systematic screening in long-term CML survivors. In addition, the specific cancer types with a significantly higher A-SPR should be considered for further studies including genetic mechanisms. Disclosures Kim: ILYANG: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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Athale, Uma, S. Siciliano, S. Cox, A. Lathia, A. Khan, N. Pai, A. Armstrong, I. Odame, and A. K. C. Chan. "Risk Factors Predisposing to Thromboembolism in Children with Cancer." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1633.1633.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction: Cancer is a major risk factor in children with TE. However, information regarding epidemiology of TE in children with cancer is scant. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to define the epidemiology of TE in children with cancer and to identify potential risk factors. Methods: Records of children (≤18 years of age) with cancer diagnosed and treated at McMaster Children’s Hospital over past 15 years were reviewed for demographics, details of diagnosis and treatment of cancer and of TE, if any. We studied the effect of age (<10 years vs. ≥10 years), gender, type of cancer and presence or absence of intrathoracic disease (defined as mediastinal mass or any primary or metastatic pulmonary disease), type of central venous line (CVL) and CVL dysfunction (defined as persistent or recurrent difficulty of blood draw and/or infusion or documented CVL infection) on the risk of developing TE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15. Results: Overall 49 of 606 children (8.1%) with cancer developed TE (Table 1). Due to very low prevalence of TE in children with brain tumors, regression analyses for risk factors was performed in children with non-CNS cancers. Children with ALL (OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.60, 11.52, p=0.004), lymphoma (OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.37, 12.71, p=0.01), and sarcoma (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.42, 13.77, p=0.01) had increased risk of TE. Older patients (age ≥ 10 years) were at higher risk of developing TE compared to younger patients (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2,3.96; P<0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that patients with CVL-dysfunction (33.3% vs. 9.5%; p<0.0001, 95% CI; 10.1,37.5) and those with intrathoracic disease (17.6% vs.5.7%; p=0.028, 95% CI; 2.2, 21.7) were at significantly higher risk of TE compared to those without CVL dysfunction and intrathoracic disease. Conclusions: Overall TE is common in children with cancer. We have identified older age and type of cancer are the important risk factors predisposing to TE; children 10 years or older and those with lymphoreticular malignancy and sarcoma are at significantly higher risk of developing TE. In addition presence of mediastinal disease and CVL dysfunction increased the risk of TE. This is one of the largest comprehensive epidemiogical studies of TE in children with cancer identifying different risk factors. Prevalence of TE according to the tyep of cancer Type of Cancer N Patients with TE % with TE (95% CI) ALL 185 26 14.5 (9.39, 19.91) Brain Tumors 131 1 0.8 (0.02, 4.20) Lymphoma 72 9 12.5 (5.88, 22.41) Sarcoma 70 10 14.3 (7.07, 24.71) AML 51 3 5.9 (1.23, 16.24) Neuroblastoma 45 1 2.2 (0.05, 11.77) Wilms’ Tumor 43 1 1.3 (0.06, 12.3) Other 9 0 - Total 606 49 8.1 (6.1, 10.5)
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Nugroho, Santoso Tri. "Factors That Related To Cancer Related Fatigue." South East Asia Nursing Research 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/seanr.1.1.2019.20-26.
Abstract:
About 40% to 100% of cancer patients complaint of fatigue. Cancer Related Fatigue is the most disturbing symptom compared to another symptom, like nausea and vomiting. Persistent cancer-related fatigue can impact on patient quality of life because the patient becoming too tired to involve in the activity. Need study to recognize factors that related to fatigue so that as a nurse we can choose accurate nursing intervention to overcome cancer-related fatigue. Objective: To identify factors related to cancer-related fatigue. Methods: Literature were searched via Google scholar and Google search with keyword: fatigue, cancer, and nursing. Literature were in full text and published by the year 1999-2016. Literature that was in inclusion criteria than be analyzed. Result: From 6 kinds of literature that were analyzed we found out factors that are related to cancer-related fatigue. That is characteristic (age, sex), sociodemography (economic status), stadium cancer, exercise, pain, depression, and sleep quality. But the factor that most related to cancer-related fatigue remains unclear. Conclusion: Age, sex, economic status, stadium, exercise, pain, depression and sleep quality are factors that can be used as predictor fatigue.
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Campo, Loredana, Catherine Zhang, and Eun-Kyoung Breuer. "EMT-Inducing Molecular Factors in Gynecological Cancers." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/420891.
Abstract:
Gynecologic cancers are the unregulated growth of neoplastic cells that arise in the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. Although gynecologic cancers are characterized by different signs and symptoms, studies have shown that they share common risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, age, exposure to certain chemicals, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Despite recent advancements in the preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions for gynecologic cancers, many patients still die as a result of metastasis and recurrence. Since mounting evidence indicates that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays an essential role in metastatic relapse of cancer, understanding the molecular aberrations responsible for the EMT and its underlying signaling should be given high priority in order to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Chetroiu, Diana, Corina S. Pop, Sorina Diaconu, and Mircea Beuran. "Colorectal cancer epidemiology and risk factors." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 124, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2021.124.3.18.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer is an important health problem, being the third most frequent cancer pathology both in men and women. Programmes have been developed to decrease CRC incidence and mortality, including primary prevention strategies focusing on population education regarding diet and physical activity and secondary prevention programmes such as screening. Modifiable risk factors are known to be diet, obesity, smoking, alcohol and read meat consumption. Non-modifiable risk factors are age, inflammatory bowel disease, genetic syndromes and family history of colorectal cancer.
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Shoeb, Mohammad Fazelul Rahman, Anil Reddy Pinate, and Poonam Prakash Shingade. "Breast cancer, Clinical presentations, Risk factors, Staging." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20170207.
Abstract:
Background: Breast cancer is most common cause of cancer related mortality and second most common cause of cancer in females in India. Hence study aims to evaluate the clinical profile and risk factors of the breast cancer.Methods: This is cross sectional study done at Victoria hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital between January 2012 to October 2012 among 50 females patients more than 18 years of age, presented with breast cancer irrespective of tumour stage, size and location and for whom preliminary diagnosis of carcinoma breast was confirmed on fine needle aspiration cytology. Preformed, pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding the risk factors and clinical presentations of the patients.Results: Maximum participants 18 (36%) were in the age group of 41-50 years, 32 (64%) patients belonged to lower class with mean age at menarche of 13.3 years. About 26 (52%) patients were in premenopausal state. In present study, 48 (96%) of the total patients were multiparous and 47 (94%) women practiced breast feeding for more than 4 months. None of the patients in this study had a family history of breast cancer. Most breast cancer patients presented with history of lump followed by pain 14 (28%) and nipple retraction 9(18%). Most of the patients 29(58%) had upper outer quadrant involvement followed by upper inner quadrant in 7 (14%).In about 26 (52%)patients, tumour size was more than 5 cm and 32 (64 %) patients had axillary lymph nodes.Conclusions: Breast cancer was predominantly a disease of middle aged, lump in breast is commonest mode of presentation with upper outer quadrant involvement and 26 (52%) patients were in stage II of TNM classification.
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Kamangar, Farin, Graça M. Dores, and William F. Anderson. "Patterns of Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence Across Five Continents: Defining Priorities to Reduce Cancer Disparities in Different Geographic Regions of the World." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 14 (May 10, 2006): 2137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.05.2308.
Abstract:
Efforts to reduce global cancer disparities begin with an understanding of geographic patterns in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence. Using the GLOBOCAN (2002) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases, we describe overall cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence, age-adjusted temporal trends, and age-specific incidence patterns in selected geographic regions of the world. For the eight most common malignancies—cancers of lung, breast, colon and rectum, stomach, prostate, liver, cervix, and esophagus—the most important risk factors, cancer prevention and control measures are briefly reviewed. In 2002, an estimated 11 million new cancer cases and 7 million cancer deaths were reported worldwide; nearly 25 million persons were living with cancer. Among the eight most common cancers, global disparities in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence are evident, likely due to complex interactions of nonmodifiable (ie, genetic susceptibility and aging) and modifiable risk factors (ie, tobacco, infectious agents, diet, and physical activity). Indeed, when risk factors among populations are intertwined with differences in individual behaviors, cultural beliefs and practices, socioeconomic conditions, and health care systems, global cancer disparities are inevitable. For the eight most common cancers, priorities for reducing cancer disparities are discussed.
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Phung, Minh Tung, Aliya Alimujiang, Andrew Berchuck, Hoda Anton-Culver, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Elisa V. Bandera, Jenny Chang-Claude, et al. "Reproductive Factors Do Not Influence Survival with Ovarian Cancer." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 31, no. 4 (January 21, 2022): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1091.
Abstract:
Abstract Background: Previous studies on the association between reproductive factors and ovarian cancer survival are equivocal, possibly due to small sample sizes. Methods: Using data on 11,175 people diagnosed with primary invasive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (ovarian cancer) from 16 studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), we examined the associations between survival and age at menarche, combined oral contraceptive use, parity, breastfeeding, age at last pregnancy, and menopausal status using Cox proportional hazard models. The models were adjusted for age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, education level, and OCAC study and stratified on stage and histotype. Results: During the mean follow-up of 6.34 years (SD = 4.80), 6,418 patients passed away (57.4%). There was no evidence of associations between the reproductive factors and survival among patients with ovarian cancer overall or by histotype. Conclusions: This study found no association between reproductive factors and survival after an ovarian cancer diagnosis. Impact: Reproductive factors are well-established risk factors for ovarian cancer, but they are not associated with survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Yazdani, Akram, Sara Dorri, Alireza Atashi, Hoda Shirafkan, and Hedieh Zabolinezhad. "Bone Metastasis Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer." Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 13 (January 2019): 117822341983097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178223419830978.
Abstract:
Objective: Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer. Prognostic factors for predicting bone metastases in breast cancer are controversial yet. In this study, we investigated clinical factors associated with secondary bone metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: In total, 1690 patients with breast cancer recorded between 2002 and 2012 in Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran entered in the retrospective study. We studied age, menopausal status, histologic type, tumor size, number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes, serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carcinogenicity antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)-153, and hemoglobin (HB) in 2 groups with bone metastases (n = 123) and without it, respectively. We applied logistic regression to identify bone metastasis prognostic factors in breast cancer patients and calculated the cut-off value, sensitivity, and characteristics of independent prognostic factors using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Menopause, larger tumor size, and the greater number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes increased the chance of bone metastases significantly ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between mean groups with and without bone metastases regarding serum concentration of CEA, CA-153, HB, and histopathologic type ( P > .05). Logistic regression showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.021), menopausal status (OR = 1.854), number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes (OR = 1.065), a tumor size between 2 and 5 cm diameter (OR = 2.002) and more than 5 cm diameter (OR = 4.009), and ALP (OR = 1.005) are independent prognostic factors associated with bone metastases. The ROC curve showed that the abovementioned factors have comparable predictive accuracy for bone metastases. Conclusions: Age, menopausal status, number of axillary lymph node metastases, tumor size, and ALP were identified as prognostic factors for bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. So patients with these characteristics should be monitored more precisely with regular follow-ups.
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Manda, Rohini, Naga Praneeth Raja, Uday Shankar, Mark Dignan, and Nagapavani Kandagari. "Incidence and epigenetic factors associated with endometrial cancer in Appalachian Kentucky." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e17113-e17113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e17113.
Abstract:
e17113 Background: Data from the US Cancer Statistics Working Group shows that the age-adjusted incidence of endometrial cancer was 25.6/100,000, 2009-2013 for the US and 24.9/100,000 for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. However, for the Kentucky River Area Development District (KR) in the Appalachian region, the rate was higher at 34.2/100,000. This investigation was designed to explore epigenetic factors related to the elevated incidence of endometrial cancer in the KR region of Kentucky. Methods: With IRB approval, retrospective data on women with endometrial cancer were abstracted from tumor registry records for the period 2005-2015. Data including age at diagnosis, family history of cancer, smoking, diabetes and demographic characteristics were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Data on 41 cases of endometrial cancer from 2005-2015 were included in the analyses. The age range was 37-87 with mean age 62. Of the 41 cases, 19.5% (8/41) were under age 50 at diagnosis. 2 out of 8 (25%) had family history of Lynch syndrome associated malignancies. 9 (22.0%) had family history of cancer. No significant associations between smoking, age at diagnosis and diabetes were noted. Conclusions: There is an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Appalachian Kentucky in general, and elevated rates in women under age 50 compared to statewide and US rates. We have shown from our previous research that there is a higher incidence of lynch syndrome among young patients with colon cancer in Appalachian Kentucky. Similar findings were observed with endometrial cancer from this analysis. Further evaluation and genetic testing for any association with Lynch syndrome in this age group is needed.
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Neale, Rachel E., Steven Darlington, Michael F. G. Murphy, Paul B. S. Silcocks, David M. Purdie, and Mats Talbäck. "The Effects of Twins, Parity and Age at First Birth on Cancer Risk in Swedish Women." Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.2.156.
Abstract:
AbstractThe effect of reproductive history on the risk of cervical, colorectal and thyroid cancers and melanoma has been explored but the results to date are inconsistent. We aimed to examine in a record- linkage cohort study the risk of developing these cancers, as well as breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers, among mothers who had given birth to twins compared with those who had only singleton pregnancies. Women who delivered a baby in Sweden between 1961 and 1996 and who were 15 years or younger in 1961 were selected from the Swedish civil birth register and linked with the Swedish cancer registry. We used Poisson regression to assess associations between reproductive factors and cancer. Twinning was associated with reduced risks of breast, colorectal, ovarian and uterine cancers, although no relative risks were statistically significant. The delivery of twins did not increase the risk of any cancers studied. Increasing numbers of maternities were associated with significantly reduced risks of all tumors except thyroid cancer. We found positive associations between a later age at first birth and breast cancer and melanoma, while there were inverse associations with cervix, ovarian, uterine and colorectal cancers. These findings lend weight to the hypothesis that hormonal factors influence the etiology of colorectal cancer in women, but argue against any strong effect of hormones on the development of melanoma or tumors of the thyroid.
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Kolehmainen, Anne, Annukka Pasanen, Taru Tuomi, Riitta Koivisto-Korander, Ralf Bützow, and Mikko Loukovaara. "Clinical factors as prognostic variables among molecular subgroups of endometrial cancer." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e0242733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242733.
Abstract:
Background Clinical factors may influence endometrial cancer survival outcomes. We examined the prognostic significance of age, body mass index (BMI), and type 2 diabetes among molecular subgroups of endometrial cancer. Methods This was a single institution retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for endometrial carcinoma between January 2007 and December 2012. Tumors were classified into four molecular subgroups by immunohistochemistry of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and p53, and sequencing of polymerase-ϵ (POLE). Overall, cancer-related, and non-cancer-related mortality were estimated using univariable and multivariable survival analyses. Results Age >65 years was associated with increased mortality rates in the whole cohort (n = 515) and in the “no specific molecular profile” (NSMP) (n = 218) and MMR deficient (MMR-D) (n = 191) subgroups during a median follow-up time of 81 months (range 1‒136). However, hazard ratios for cancer-related mortality were non-significant for NSMP and MMR-D. Diabetes was associated with increased overall and non-cancer-related mortality in the whole cohort and MMR-D subgroup. Overweight/obesity had no effect on outcomes in the whole cohort, but was associated with decreased overall and cancer-related mortality in the NSMP subgroup, and increased overall and non-cancer-related mortality in the MMR-D subgroup. Overweight/obesity effect on cancer-related mortality in the NSMP subgroup remained unchanged after controlling for confounders. High-risk uterine factors were more common, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression less common in NSMP subtype cancers of normal-weight patients compared with overweight/obese patients. No clinical factors were associated with outcomes in p53 aberrant (n = 69) and POLE mutant (n = 37) subgroups. No cancer-related deaths occurred in the POLE mutant subgroup. Conclusions The prognostic effects of age, BMI, and type 2 diabetes do not appear to be uniform for the molecular subgroups of endometrial cancer. Our data support further evaluation of BMI combined with genomics-based risk-assessment.
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Kakkar, Vikas, Rajiv Sharma, Karanvir Singh, and Anmol Randhawa. "Trends of breast tumour laterality and age-wise incidence rates in North Indian population." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20203229.
Abstract:
Background: The breast is a paired organ. The two breasts share many of the risk factors known to contribute to the development of cancer genetics, environmental exposure, diet, and estrogen exposure, etc. By studying differences in the occurrence of breast cancer between the left and right breast, we can control for these common risk factors. Previous studies of breast cancer asymmetry have established that the laterality ratio is greater than 1.0 in women.Methods: We have taken 420 total cases to study the breast tumour laterality in women and age wise incidence of carcinoma breast in northern India. The study included all consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer, either invasive or carcinoma in situ. Multiple cancers were defined as two or more primary cancers occurring in an individual that were not an extension, recurrence, or metastasis. Based on the chronology of presentation, they were categorized as synchronous or metachronous primaries.Results: Out of 420 cases of breast cancer it was seen that 193 patients i.e. 45.95% of women under observation had left sided breast tumour, 225 patients i.e. 53.57% of women had right sided breast tumour and only 2 patients i.e. 0.48% patients had bilateral lesions in the breast.Conclusions: This result suggests the possible role of estrogen hormone in the reversed lateralization of breast cancer in comparison to other paired organ cancers in post-menopausal women suggesting that North Indian population has higher incidence of right sided breast cancer.
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Ameigaal, Samira D., Ahmed A. Ageel, and Mostafa O. Abdoarahem. "Association of Risk Factors with Breast Cancer in Libyan Women." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 35, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v35i3.270.
Abstract:
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among Libyan females. There are many important risk factors for BC in different populations as suggested by epidemiological studies. BC is an etiologically complex disease affected by genetic and other environmental factors, which include gender, age, previous breast cancer, body mass index, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormonal therapy, reproductive factor, alcohol consumption, smoking and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is an association between risk factors and breast cancer among Libyan females. Data were collected by using questioners for 38 cases with breast cancer from Tripoli Medical Center and 100 controls from March 2016 to February 2017. The results showed that risk of breast cancer was associated with age, the mean ages (± SD) of the case and control groups were 46.7 ± 15.6 and 38.8 ± 19.1 respectively, age at the first birth (P=0.036), family history with first-degree relative percentage of the cases and control groups were 21% and 4% and second-degree relatives were 10.5% and 13% respectively with statistical difference (P=0.042) and menopausal status (P=0.002). The risk decreased with breastfeeding (P=0.033). No association was observed between passive smoking (P=0.363) and the number of pregnancies and births (P=0.402). Data from this study indicated that there were some factors associated with breast cancer among Libyan females including age, age at the first pregnancy, family history and menopausal status.
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Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Abdellatif Bouayad, Nadia Hasswane, Samir Ahid, Mustapha Mrabet, and Barkat Amina. "Risk Factors for Breast Cancer of Different Age Groups: Moroccan Data?" Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 05, no. 02 (2015): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2015.52011.