Journal articles: 'Canaux auxiliares'

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SIMI JUNIOR, Jacy, Hildeberto Francisco PESCE, and João Marcelo Ferreira de MEDEIROS. "Eficácia de substâncias químicas auxiliares na instrumentação de canais radiculares." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 13, no. 2 (April 1999): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-06631999000200009.

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Comparou-se, mediante a pesagem de dentes humanos, o emprego de dois métodos químicos coadjuvantes da instrumentação de canais radiculares, a saber: Endo PTC alternado com hipoclorito de sódio a 1%, seguindo-se irrigação/aspiração com solução detergente/anti-séptico (grupo A) e hipoclorito de sódio a 1% usado isoladamente (grupo B). Os resultados permitiram as seguintes conclusões: ocorreram diferenças, para os dois grupos estudados, nas três grandezas analisadas. O grupo A propiciou maior diferença de peso quando comparado com o grupo B. Este exigiu menor tempo de instrumentação em relação ao grupo A. Relativamente à diferença de peso por unidade de tempo, o grupo A exibiu valores mais elevados do que o grupo B. Tais diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05).

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Figueirêdo Júnior, Ernani Canuto, Janaina Emanuella Galvão Menezes Almeida, Eucaé Miranda Missias, Renata Correia Sotero Dália Torres, and Mônica Soares De Albuquerque. "Magnificação e ultrassom como recursos auxiliares no tratamento endodôntico em dentes com calcificação: considerações clínicas e relato de caso." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i1.4954.

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O tratamento endodôntico tem como objetivo a limpeza, modelagem e obturação tridimensional dos canais radiculares. Entretanto, a presença de alterações como calcificações podem trazer dificuldades, sendo necessário o uso de recursos auxiliares para a resolução de casos mais complexos. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico do tratamento endodôntico em um dente que apresentava calcificações impedindo a localização de alguns canais radiculares, no qual foram utilizados recursos tecnológicos auxiliares como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, microscópio operatório e ultrassom. Além disso, foram feitas algumas considerações clínicas acerca da importância desses recursos na terapia endodôntica. Diante do presente caso clínico, o exame tomográfico constatou a presença de calcificação pulpar obliterando a entrada de alguns dos canais radiculares, sendo necessário o uso do ultrassom auxiliado pelo microscópio para remoção desta, a qual permitiu a realização do preparo químico-mecânico e da obturação dos canais, obtendo-se um desfecho satisfatório. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que diante de casos mais complexos, tais como aqueles em que há a presença de calcificações e de obliteração dificultando o acesso ao orifício de entrada dos canais radiculares, o uso destes recursos tecnológicos permite a realização do tratamento endodôntico com maior previsibilidade de sucesso.

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Li, Q., B. Xu, Y. Wang, and Y. Cai. "Effects of Auxiliary Fiber Posts on Endodontically Treated Teeth With Flared Canals." Operative Dentistry 36, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-283-l.

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Clinical Relevance Macro-Lock post combined with auxiliary fiber posts could increase the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots with over-flared canals. However, an effect of the auxiliary fibers on retention strength was not observed.

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O’Connor, Christopher D., Tyler Frederick, Jacek Koziarski, Victoria Baker, and Kaylee Kosoralo. "Auxiliary Police Volunteer Experiences and Motivations to Volunteer in Canada." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 16, no. 1 (November 13, 2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paab071.

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Abstract Policing has become a shared endeavour among a variety of community stakeholders. Citizens are expected to take on a more active role in securing their own safety. Volunteers are one particular group that has been marshalled to become an essential part of policing. In Canada, volunteers work alongside police officers as auxiliary members and assist in a wide range of activities, such as victim support, safety campaigns, community events, and patrol. Despite auxiliary members actively participating in policing duties, we know little about their experiences or motivations for volunteering. This article presents the results of a survey conducted with auxiliary police personnel at a police service in Canada and discusses their roles and tasks, perceived quality of and ways to improve their experiences, and motivations to volunteer. We conclude by discussing how police services could enhance auxiliary members’ experiences and better integrate this group into regular police officer recruitment efforts.

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Keay, Brian A., Shawn P. Maddaford, Walter A. Cristofoli, Neil G. Andersen, Marco S. Passafaro, Noel S. Wilson, and James A. Nieman. "1996 Merck Frosst Award Lecture Synthetic adventures along a Rocky Mountain road." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-139.

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This paper describes the chemistry presented during the Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research Lecture Award given at the 79th Chemistry in Canada Conference held in St. John's, Newfoundland in June 1996. The first section describes the synthesis of (+)-xestoquinone using an asymmetric palladium-catalyzed polyene cyclization as the key step that creates the C and D rings and the stereogenic centre (68% ee) in one step. Extensions of the work involving an in situ Suzuki reaction are presented. The synthesis of C2-symmetric biaryls and the synthesis of a recently isolated binaphthyl natural product is described using this new method. A new one-pot desilylation–oxidation procedure of silyl ethers is described in detail for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones directly without the need for the isolation of the alcohol intermediate. Finally, a highly diastereoselective (>97%) Diels–Alder reaction is presented using (+)-cis,cis-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diol as a new chiral auxiliary. One of the alcohols is attached to a pivalate, the other to an acrylate, and the Diels–Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene provides only one adduct (by 1H NMR and HPLC) with the endo stereochemistry. Keywords: (+)-xestoquinone, asymmetric palladium-catalyzed polyene cyclization, in situ Suzuki reaction, desilylation–oxidation reaction, spirodiols, chiral auxiliaries.

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Bélanger1, Roxanne, Chantal Mayer-Crittenden, Josée Mainguy, and Anie Coutu. "Enquête sur l’offre active pour les services auxiliaires de santé du Nord-Est de l’Ontario." Reflets 24, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 212–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1053869ar.

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Au Canada, il existe peu de données décrivant les services auxiliaires de santé en français disponibles dans les communautés francophones en situation minoritaire. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner l’accès aux services d’orthophonie, de physiothérapie et d’ergothérapie en français dans le Nord-Est de l’Ontario. Un outil mesurant la disponibilité et l’offre active des services a été créé et validé. Ce dernier a été distribué aux personnes fournissant les services et aux personnes les utilisant afin de déterminer leurs perceptions concernant l’offre de ces services en français, ainsi que l’accessibilité aux services auxiliaires de santé en français. Les résultats ont montré un manque de services en français dans cette région.

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Silva, Daniela Ribeiro da, and Ivaldo Gomes de Moraes. "Influence of different auxiliary agents of biomechanical preparation in the filling of "artificially prepared" lateral canals." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000200010.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of some auxiliary agents of biomechanical preparation of the root canal on the filling of artificial lateral canals in extracted human teeth. A total of eighty single-rooted teeth were employed, which were submitted to preparation of three artificial lateral canals in one of the proximal aspects at the cervical, middle and apical thirds, besides one in the buccal aspect. The main canals were prepared by Profile 0.4 rotary instruments through the crown-down technique and irrigated with the irrigants investigated, as follows: Group A - 1% sodium hypochlorite and final irrigation with trisodium EDTA for 5 minutes; Group B - Endogel (2% chlorhexidine gel); Group C - Endo PTC and Dakin's solution and final irrigation with Tergentol- Furacin; and Group D - File Eze. The root canals were obturated by the Tagger's hybrid technique and then radiographed for assessment of the penetration rate of the filling materials in the lateral canals. Analysis of the results demonstrated no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the irrigants both to each other and as regards the location (thirds and aspects) of the artificial lateral canals.

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Denise COSTA, Fabiana DALMINA, and Luis Eduardo Duarte IRALA. "O uso do vinagre como auxiliar químico em Endodontia: uma revisão de literatura." RSBO 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v6i2.1214.

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Introdução: Durante a instrumentação de canais radiculares pelo emprego de limas, tem-se a formação de uma camada chamada lama dentinária, smear layer, que muitas vezes abriga, entre outros elementos, micro-organismos capazes de perpetuar uma infecção endodôntica, o que pode levar o tratamento endodôntico ao insucesso. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura do vinagre de maçã e suas propriedades químicas como substância auxiliar alternativa na permeabilização dentinária. Revisão de literatura: Na tentativa de remover a smear layer, utilizam-se substâncias auxiliares que permitem uma melhor ação dos instrumentos, a permeabilização do sistema de canais e a remoção de restos orgânicos e possíveis agentes contaminantes. Conclusão: O resultado da pesquisa indicou que o uso do vinagre de maçã pode ser uma alternativa viável como auxiliar químico na Endodontia.

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Bostan, Ion, Sergiu Mazuru, and Maxim Casian. "Method of axial adjustment for precessional transmissions." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817806024.

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Axial adjustment method for precessional transmissions includes compensation error calculation, determination compensator groups, achieved in the form of base and auxiliary rings. The compensator has on the base ring axial canals in which can be placed clamping bolts but the auxiliary ring has axial holes for the screws. The auxiliary ring is formed from increasing sectors - the distance between auxiliary ring stairs and front side of body, from decreasing sectors - the distance between base ring and bottom place, and the closure element - the clearance between gear body and the front surface of the base ring. According to the method of group interchangeability is determined the deviation value of the upper and lower group tolerance and the clearance between lid and body. Then rotating one of the rings is ensured the dimension of the compensator which must match to compensation clearance value and then the compensator is adjusted to required value.

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Collins, Peter. "New-Dialect Formation in Canada: Evidence from the English Modal Auxiliaries by Stefan Dollinger." World Englishes 29, no. 3 (August 16, 2010): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2010.01664_4.x.

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Quadros, Iadasa de, Alexandre Augusto Zaia, Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz, Francisco José de Souza Filho, and Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes. "Radiographic prevalence of root canal ramifications in a sample of root canal treatments in a Brazilian Dental School." Brazilian Oral Research 21, no. 2 (June 2007): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242007000200004.

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The aim of this study was to radiographically investigate the presence of root canal ramifications found after endodontic treatment, and to determine any relationship between their presence and the type of the auxiliary chemical substance used. The study evaluated 1,470 endodontic treatments performed by final year undergraduate students at the Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil, during the period from 1998 to 2000. The X-rays taken during treatment were evaluated in order to establish the presence of ramifications of the root canal system. The initial X-ray did not show the presence of any canal ramifications. After filling, X-rays showed only 3 ramification types: 3.06% of lateral canals, 2.99% of apical deltas, and 0.1% of interradicular canals. The maxillary premolars showed the highest number of lateral canals (n = 13), followed by mandibular premolars (n = 10) and maxillary incisors (n = 10). Apical deltas were mostly found in mandibular molars (n = 14), followed by maxillary incisors (n = 9). Only mandibular molars had interradicular canals. The detection of ramifications increased with the use of EDTA. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the type of auxiliary chemical substance used and the number of root canal ramifications detected after root canal filling. It was concluded that the frequency of root canal ramifications found radiographically was low in treatments performed by undergraduate students.

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Lytvynenko, Anatoliy A., and Tetiana V. Petlina. "Canadian Codes of Medical Ethics as a Source of Law." Teisė 129 (January 9, 2024): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2023.129.7.

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The article discusses the codes of medical ethics which are adopted in Canada. These acts are not ‘classical’ normative-legal acts, since they are adopted not by legislative bodies, but rather by medical associations, and are aimed at providing rules on the professional conduct of physicians and auxiliary medical personnel; occasionally, they also feature the rules concerning the rights and duties of patients. The article’s sources include the codes of medical ethics adopted in Canada, Canadian court judgments, and academic literature.

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Kanyılmaz, Ata Nisa Çoban, Melek Akman, Soner Şişmanoğlu, and Sema Belli. "The Effect of Different Fiber Post-Application Techniques on Fracture Resistance of Structurally Compromised Premolars with Flared Root Canals: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 13, no. 1 (May 2022): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23202068221091428.

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Aim: Intraradicular post systems have become an important treatment method for endodontically treated teeth as they provide retention for restoration to the remaining tooth structure. The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different fiber post-application techniques on the fracture resistance of premolars with flared root canals and no ferrule. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars with no ferrule were endodontically treated by an experienced endodontist, and their root canals were experimentally flared. The specimens with flared root canals were divided into five groups according to fiber post-application techniques ( n = 12): a prefabricated fiber post (G1), G1 + two auxiliary posts (G2), i-TFC post system (G3), G1 + quartz splint (G4), and Ribbond (G5). The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Tukey tests. Results: The findings were revealed that no significant difference was found among four groups, except G5 ( P > .05), which demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance ( P < .05). G2, G3, G4, and G5 exhibited dominantly restorable fracture pattern, whereas G1 exhibited nonrestorable fracture pattern. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the placement of auxiliary posts, i-TFC post system, quartz splint placement, and Ribbond increased the incidence of restorable fracture compared with the controls.

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Yap, W. L. "Extended duties' orthodontic auxiliaries--an insight into the training and practice in America and Canada." British Dental Journal 175, no. 4 (August 1993): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4808253.

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D'Arcy, Alexandra. "Review of Dollinger (2008): New-Dialect Formation in Canada. Evidence from the English Modal Auxiliaries." English World-Wide 31, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.1.09dar.

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Waters, Cathleen. "Transatlantic variation in English adverb placement." Language Variation and Change 25, no. 2 (July 2013): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394513000082.

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AbstractThis study examines the placement of an adverb with respect to a modal or perfect auxiliary in English (e.g., It might potentially escape / It potentially might escape). The data are drawn from two large, socially stratified corpora of vernacular English (Toronto, Canada, and York, England) and thus allow a cross-dialect perspective on linguistic and social correlates. Using quantitative sociolinguistic methods, I demonstrate similarity in the varieties, with the postauxiliary position generally strongly favored. Of particular importance is the structure of the auxiliary phrase; when a modal is followed by the perfect auxiliary (e.g., It might have escaped), the rates of preauxiliary adverb placement are considerably higher. As the variation is chiefly correlated with linguistic, rather than social factors, I apply recent proposals from Generative syntax to further understand the grammar of the phenomenon. However, the evidence suggests that the variability seen here is a result of postsyntactic, rather than syntactic, processes.

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Madsen, Chris. "War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946." International Journal of Maritime History 33, no. 2 (May 2021): 382–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714211013555.

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Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.

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Silva, Rayssa Adrielle da, Larissa Ferreira Bezerra Santos, Ana Letícia da Luz Bernardo Figueredo, and Samara Verçosa Lessa. "Substâncias químicas auxiliaries empregadas na remoção da smear layer após instrumentação dos canais radiculares e perspectivas." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 7, no. 3 (May 31, 2024): e70112. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n3-223.

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A terapia endodôntica é um procedimento crucial na odontologia, visando preservar dentes afetados por danos irreversíveis na polpa. Utiliza-se limpeza, modelagem e obturação dos canais radiculares, com o auxílio de substâncias irrigadoras para eliminar resíduos orgânicos e inorgânicos e desinfetar. A formação de smear layer e a presença de microrganismos nos túbulos dentinários representam desafios adicionais. A utilização de substâncias quelantes, como o EDTA, em combinação com hipoclorito de sódio, torna-se essencial para dissolver os resíduos inorgânicos. Este trabalho visa revisar diferentes irrigantes, suas características e mecanismos de ação, contribuindo para uma escolha informada do irrigante mais adequado para garantir uma desinfecção eficaz durante o tratamento endodôntico.

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Menegazzo, Karine. "Análise dos métodos de ativação de solução irrigante em endodontia: revisão de literatura." Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46875/jmd.v11i3.884.

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O desafio da endodontia sempre foi a complexa anatomia do sistema de canais radiculares. Istmos, canais laterais e curvaturas tornam a terapia endodôntica ainda mais difícil. É crucial para o sucesso promover uma limpeza e desinfecção adequada, redução de microrganismo provendo um ambiente que favoreça a obturação tridimensional do canal. Foi comprovado que somente a instrumentação mecânica não garantia esses requisitos, por isso, adicionaram-se substâncias químicas auxiliares. Mesmo com esse avanço, estas não alcançavam áreas como a região apical. Para potencializar sua penetração, foi desenvolvido mecanismos de ativação dessa solução, garantindo que cheguem a regiões de difícil acesso. Na endodontia contemporânea é fundamental utilizar esses métodos que potencializam a desinfecção. Portanto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo revisar na literatura científica quais são essas técnicas disponíveis. Verificou-se que todas são capazes de remoção de smear layer e detritos em maior ou menor grau, apresentando suas vantagens e limitações. Porém, parece haver consenso entre os autores que a Irrigação Ultrassônica Passiva é considerada padrão-ouro, devido a sua ampla utilização e resultados superiores.

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Magnus, Georgina K., Elizabeth Celanowicz, Mihai Voicu, Mark Hafer, Juha M. Metsaranta, Andrew Dyk, and Werner A. Kurz. "Growing our future: Assessing the outcome of afforestation programs in Ontario, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 97, no. 02 (June 2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2021-019.

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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires its signatories, including Canada, to estimate and report their annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. Forests are an important natural resource as they slow the accumulation of atmospheric carbon through the process of carbon sequestration. Due to the role of forests as carbon sinks, governments consider afforestation projects as feasible climate change mitigation strategies. This article outlines a spatially-explicit approach to validating afforestation data in Ontario, Canada. Validation is a user-supervised process that uses satellite imagery, remote sensing tools, and other auxiliary data to confirm the presence of seedlings planted through Forests Ontario’s 50 Million Tree program. Of the 12 466 hectares assessed, 83% is identified as afforested, 6% is not afforested and 10% is not determined. The area classified as successful afforestation is used as input for the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), to simulate afforestation effects on carbon stocks. Our findings show the afforestation activities will create a small carbon sink by 2060. From this project, it is evident that spatial validation of afforestation data is feasible, although the collection of additional standardized auxiliary data is recommended for future afforestation projects, if carbon benefits are to be reported.

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Erlandson, Martin A., Jennifer Holowachuk, Edyta A. Sieminska, Jeremy Hummel, Jennifer Otani, and Kevin D. Floate. "Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification of common cutworm species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting canola in western Canada." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.5.

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AbstractCutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) constitute an important insect pest complex that causes damage to a variety of crops across western Canada and particularly in canola (Brassica napusLinnaeus; Brassicaceae) crops in recent years. However, individual cutworms are very difficult to identify to species based on morphology alone, particularly at the larval stage. Problems with pest identification can lead to difficulties in recommending appropriate management strategies for specific cutworm infestations. In the current study we have developed and applied a single-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, based on the rRNA ITS2 genomic sequence, which can be used to identify, to the species level, individuals of the following five key cutworm species:Agrotis orthogoniaMorrison,Euxoa auxiliaris(Grote),Euxoa ochrogaster(Guenée),Feltia jaculifera(Guenée), andLacinipolia renigera(Stephens). This molecular identification tool will be a valuable asset in agronomic and ecological studies of cutworm infestations in the canola cropping system across western Canada and potentially could be used as a timely identification tool for determining pest infestations to the species level during outbreaks.

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FERREIRA, Cláudio Maniglia, Izabel Cristina FRÖNER, and Norberti BERNARDINELI. "Utilização de duas técnicas alternativas para localização do forame apical em endodontia: avaliação clínica e radiográfica." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 12, no. 3 (July 1998): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-06631998000300008.

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Uma das dificuldades durante o tratamento endodôntico é a determinação do comprimento de trabalho, devido às limitações impostas pela imagem radiográfica. Muitas técnicas têm sido desenvolvidas com o intuito de facilitar a execução da odontometria durante o tratamento endodôntico. Nosso objetivo foi comparar clinicamente a eficácia de dois métodos auxiliares na odontometria: a tela milimetrada e o localizador apical eletrônico (APIT, Osada, Japão). Os resultados foram concordantes em 76,47% dos casos quando se tratava de dentes com polpa vital, e em dentes com polpa em estado necrótico os resultados foram concordantes em 83,64% dos casos. O APIT não foi eficiente na determinação do comprimento radicular somente nos canais obliterados ou com ápices que apresentavam grandes reabsorções. A tela milimetrada apresentou menor eficácia na determinação do comprimento de trabalho devido à própria limitação radiográfica. O localizador eletrônico mostrou-se mais eficiente que a tela milimetrada, porém apresenta um custo elevado.

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Pawley, Steven M., Lisa Atkinson, Daniel J. Utting, Gregory M. D. Hartman, and Nigel Atkinson. "Evaluating spatially enabled machine learning approaches to depth to bedrock mapping, Alberta, Canada." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): e0296881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296881.

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Maps showing the thickness of sediments above the bedrock (depth to bedrock, or DTB) are important for many geoscience studies and are necessary for many hydrogeological, engineering, mining, and forestry applications. However, it can be difficult to accurately estimate DTB in areas with varied topography, like lowland and mountainous terrain, because traditional methods of predicting bedrock elevation often underestimate or overestimate the elevation in rugged or incised terrain. Here, we describe a machine learning spatial prediction approach that uses information from traditional digital elevation model derived estimates of terrain morphometry and satellite imagery, augmented with spatial feature engineering techniques to predict DTB across Alberta, Canada. First, compiled measurements of DTB from borehole lithologs were used to train a natural language model to predict bedrock depth across all available lithologs, significantly increasing the dataset size. The combined data were then used for DTB modelling employing several algorithms (XGBoost, Random forests, and Cubist) and spatial feature engineering techniques, using a combination of geographic coordinates, proximity measures, neighbouring points, and spatially lagged DTB estimates. Finally, the results were contrasted with DTB predictions based on modelled relationships with the auxiliary variables, as well as conventional spatial interpolations using inverse-distance weighting and ordinary kriging methods. The results show that the use of spatially lagged variables to incorporate information from the spatial structure of the training data significantly improves predictive performance compared to using auxiliary predictors and/or geographic coordinates alone. Furthermore, unlike some of the other tested methods such as using neighbouring point locations directly as features, spatially lagged variables did not generate spurious spatial artifacts in the predicted raster maps. The proposed method is demonstrated to produce reliable results in several distinct physiographic sub-regions with contrasting terrain types, as well as at the provincial scale, indicating its broad suitability for DTB mapping in general.

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Madan, Nidha, and Harshita Gwalani. "Management of Maxillary First Molar with Six Canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics 2, no. 1 (2017): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10047-0031.

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ABSTRACT The probability of morphologic variations in a tooth should never be misconstrued and the cognition of these variations is the cue to successful endodontic treatment. The form, configuration, and number of root canals in maxillary first molar have been studied for more than half a century. An anatomic variation like three canals in the distal root of maxillary first molar is not frequently reported. Apart from a properly designed access cavity, well-angulated radiographs, and routine use of loupes, the practitioner should consider using cone beam computed tomography as an auxiliary method for detecting complex root canal anatomy. This clinical case report presents the successful management of maxillary first molar with six root canals with the use of computed tomography scans as a diagnostic aid. Key Messages The incidence of second distobuccal canal ranges from 1.64 to 9.5%. However, the incidence of third distal canal (distopalatal) is rare (<1%). This report highlights the importance of computed tomography in the successful diagnosis and management of maxillary first molar. How to cite this article Madan N, Gwalani H, Raisingani D, Prasad A, Srivastava H. Management of Maxillary First Molar with Six Canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):36-39.

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Mech, L. David, Paul C. Wolf, and Jane M. Packard. "Regurgitative food transfer among wild wolves." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 8 (November 1, 1999): 1192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-097.

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Few studies of monogamous canids have addressed regurgitation in the context of extended parental care and alloparental care within family groups. We studied food transfer by regurgitation in a pack of wolves on Ellesmere Island, North West Territories, Canada, during 6 summers from 1988 through 1996. All adult wolves, including yearlings and a post-reproductive female, regurgitated food. Although individuals regurgitated up to five times per bout, the overall ratio of regurgitations per bout was 1.5. Pups were more likely to receive regurgitations (81%) than the breeding female (14%) or auxiliaries (6%). The breeding male regurgitated mostly to the breeding female and pups, and the breeding female regurgitated primarily to pups. The relative effort of the breeding female was correlated with litter size (Kendall's τ = 0.93, P = 0.01).

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Bourreau, Marcelle Louise Sposito, Adriana de Jesus Soares, and Francisco José de Souza-Filho. "Evaluation of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment with foraminal enlargement and obturation using two auxiliary chemical protocols." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 3 (June 2015): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.0021.

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Aim This prospective randomized clinical study examined the influence of two different auxiliary chemical substances on postoperative pain in 301 single-visit endodontic treatments, with enlargement of the apical foramen and extrusion of cement into the periapical region. Material and method The two auxiliary chemicals used were 2% chlorhexidine (2% CHX gel; n = 145) and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (5.25% NaOCl; n = 156). The incidence of postoperative pain and discomfort was assessed at 24 hours and expressed as percentages. The Fisher exact test and the Chi-square test were used to compare variation in postoperative pain. The variables analyzed were previous pain, pulp status, age, and number of root canals. Result In teeth with previous pain instrumented with 2% CHX gel, the incidence of postoperative pain was 22.22% (6/27) versus 11.11% (3/22) in teeth instrumented with 5.25% NaOCl. In teeth without previous pain instrumented with 2% CHX gel, the incidence of postoperative pain was 8.5% (6/118) versus 2.33% (3/129) in teeth instrumented with 5.25% NaOCl, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Results showed that previous pain had a significant influence on postoperative status (p < 0.001). After 24 hours postoperatively, 93.7% (282/301) of the teeth had no pain and 6.3% (19/301) had some level of pain, and used one or two doses of medication. Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that the auxiliary chemical substances had no influence on postoperative pain.

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Oliveira, E. P. M., T. A. F. Melo, G. Borin, and D. Borges. "Análise Comparativa entre o Endo PTC Original e Leve como Substâncias Auxiliares no Preparo de Canais Radiculares pelo Método Manual e Mecanizado." Odonto 15, no. 30 (December 31, 2007): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15603/2176-1000/odonto.v15n30p89-96.

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Victorino, Fausto Rodrigo, Isabela Silva Rocha, Rafael de Oliveira Lazarin, Marcelo Augusto Seron, Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo, and Ricardo Sérgio Almeida. "Maxillary Canine with two roots and two canals: A case report." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e36410212599. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12599.

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Introduction: Knowledge of the anatomy and root canal system is of fundamental importance for a successful endodontic treatment. Maxillary canines unusually possess two root canals. Aim: The present study aims to present a maxillary canine with two roots and two canals through a clinical case. Case report: A male patient was referred for the treatment of a root perforation of the tooth 23. Clinical examination revealed the presence of vestibular fistula and mild pain with vertical and horizontal percussion. Through a tomographic examination, the presence of two roots and two root canals was observed in addition to a radiolucent lesion at the middle third of the roots but without perforation in the middle third. Coronary opening and the localization of the vestibular and palatal canals were performed. The root canal length was performed with Romi Apex A-15® foraminal locator and instrumentation was conducted by using Protaper Next® system. Due to the presence of fistula, calcium hydroxide manipulated with propylene glycol was used as intracanal medication for 30 days. After this period, the root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus® cement and a new tomographic examination was undertaken, which confirmed the complete filling of the root canals and the absence of root perforation. Conclusion: Given the above, endodontic professionals shall be aware of possible anatomical variations and make use of auxiliary resources when appropriate, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to ensure correct diagnosis and, consequently, a successful root canal treatment.

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Fogarty, Michael J., and Louise Gendron. "Biological reference points for American lobster (Homarus americanus) populations: limits to exploitation and the precautionary approach." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-140.

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Large-scale changes in American lobster (Homarus americanus) landings and abundance have been documented in both Canada and the United States over the last several decades. The spatial coherence of these changes suggests the importance of common environmental and fishery-related factors operating over broad areas in the western North Atlantic. Changes in both biotic and abiotic factors have been hypothesized to underlie the recent increases in lobster production. Area expansion of lobsters to previously unoccupied or low-density areas appears to be an important element of the population increase. Here, we review biological reference points applied to American lobster populations in the United States and Canada. Egg production per recruit models have been used to specify limit reference points (F10% in the United States) or target reference points (increasing egg production per recruit to twice its 1995 level in Canada). Surplus production and yield-per-recruit models have also been employed to provide qualitative management guidelines. We describe sources of uncertainty in the development of biological reference points for American lobster based on dynamic pool models in relation to the precautionary approach. Finally we consider auxiliary indicators and reference points with potential application to lobster stocks.

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Pereira, Marcio Ricardo Silva, Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior, Daniele Brustolim, Luiz Eduardo Lacerda de Oliveira, and Bruno Antônio Veloso Cerqueira. "Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in contaminated root canals and cytotoxicity of ozonized products: an ex-vivo study." Concilium 24, no. 8 (May 1, 2024): 471–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3335-24h42.

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Pulp and periapical diseases originate from microbial colonization of root canals. The development of new technologies and instrumentation techniques has provided more effective shaping of the root canal system. Even so, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide remain examples of auxiliary substances for endodontic treatment. Recently, ozone has emerged as promising in endodontic therapy. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ozonized water and ozonized oils in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, in addition to the cytotoxicity of ozonized products. 224 human lower premolars were used, divided into 4 groups according to the microorganism tested, challenged with ozonized medications and compared to sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide. The antimicrobial activities of ozonized oils were comparable to those established by sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide. Ozonated sunflower oil and olive oil exhibited lower cytotoxicity and showed promise for understanding new metabolic routes and additional approaches in Endodontics.

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Priya, Shanmuga, Manjusha M. Warhadpande, Darshan M. Dakshindas, and Sadhana Raina. "Quest for hidden alley- hide & Seek in mandibular anteriors." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2024): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2024.023.

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Failure is the good teacher than success. When returning to the root canal system for retreatment, there is always a lesson to be learned. An often cited reason for endodontic failure is the inability to identify, access, treat, and fill every single canal. Mandibular incisor teeth are not an outlier to this rule. Mandibular incisors are one such tooth which is regarded as least difficult for endodontic treatment. But the intricacy of the mandibular incisors internal anatomy presents us with various challenges during root canal treatment. Prevention of missing anatomy commences with adequate pre-operative radiographs, notwithstanding the limitations of radiography in estimating the number of canals and the presence of auxiliary canals and anastomoses. Without a second thought, a correct access cavity preparation is crucial to localising the root canal orifices, and this also calls for a comprehension of the tooth's internal architecture. This case series highlights the non- surgical endodontic retreatment of mandibular incisors with missed canal.

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Medeiros, João Marcelo Ferreira de, Gabriel de Souza Ferreira, Kariny do Carmo Lima, Irineu Gregnanin Pedron, and Caleb Shitsuka. "Comparativo de dois protocolos de substâncias químicas auxiliares utilizados em endodontia em duas faculdades de odontologia (USP-São Paulo e UNICAMP-Piracicaba)." E-Acadêmica 3, no. 3 (November 10, 2022): e3833242. http://dx.doi.org/10.52076/eacad-v3i3.242.

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Todos os avanços tecnológicos, tendo como ponto central o aprimoramento dos preparos químico-cirúrgicos e a instrumentação mecânica cada vez mais eficiente, uma taxa de falha endodôntica efetiva tem diminuído devido ao avanço na introdução de novas substâncias ativas auxiliares para instrumentação como a solução de hipoclorito de sódio e clorexidina que oferecem a possibilidade de desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares e a necessidade de novos protocolos que podem ser realizados em uma única sessão. Portanto, o objetivo desta investigação, com base na literatura pertinente de 30 artigos científicos pesquisados nas bases de dados Google e Academic PubMed identificados até maio de 2021, foi comparar a ação de duas substâncias irrigantes, hipoclorito de sódio e clorexidina, ambas utilizadas em protocolos de faculdades diferentes, sendo um da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo que utiliza solução de hipoclorito de sódio por sua capacidade de dissolver tecidos além de ter ação antibacteriana e outro da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Campinas que utiliza a clorexidina, na forma de gel ou líquido, como irrigante, cujo diferencial é possuir propriedade de aglutinar todo o substrato dentário, não sendo tóxico para os tecidos periodontais e tendo ação antimicrobiana de longa duração.

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Wilce, R. T., and C. A. Maggs. "Reinstatement of the genus Haemescharia (Rhodophyta, Haemeschariaceae fam.nov.) for H. polygyria and H. hennedyi comb.nov. (= Petrocelis hennedyi)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-196.

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The crustose red alga Haemescharia polygyna Kjellman, identified by comparison with unpublished drawings of type material, is a conspicuous element in the subtidal flora of the Canadian arctic and Greenland; it is the dominant noncoralline crust in these areas at depths from 3 to 46 m. Petrocelis hennedyi (Harvey) Batters, previously known only from northern Europe, is reported from Nova Scotia, Canada. These two species are remarkably similar in vegetative and reproductive characters, differing principally in the larger size of most structures in H. polygyna and the longer rows of tetrasporangia in P. hennedyi (up to 12, compared with a maximum of 6 (8) in H. polygyna). Accordingly, P. hennedyi is transferred to Haemescharia hennedyi (Harvey) comb.nov. The family Haemeschariaceae fam.nov. (Gigartinales) is proposed, based on the unique intercalary chains of obliquely cruciate tetrasporangia, and further characterized by the following: the crustose morphology of isomorphic tetrasporophytes and gametophytes; monoecious gametophytes forming lateral (1-) 2-celled carpogonial branches; carpogonia dividing after fertilization and producing up to 8 connecting filaments that fertilize identifiable intercalary auxiliary cells and give rise to simple carposporophytes from the point of junction between connecting filament and auxiliary cell.

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Do Val, Vitor Monteiro, Flávio Luís Dantas Portela, Jhamille Amanda Cardoso Do Val, Laryssa Costa De Queiroz, Luiz Felipe Paludo Carmona, and Maiko Ramos Maia. "Angioleiomioma prostático associado a Adenocarcinoma Acinar Usual: um relato de caso." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, no. 5 (October 9, 2023): 24349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n5-484.

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A grande maioria das lesões da próstata são malignas, representadas especialmente pelo adenocarcinoma e suas variantes, que correspondem a cerca de 95% dentre todas as suas malignidades. Por outro lado, as neoplasias mesenquimais prostáticas são raras e contam por menos de 1% dentre todas as neoplasias da próstata. Os tumores mesenquimais prostáticos podem ser benignos, malignos ou de comportamento incerto, com um grande número de diagnósticos diferenciais. Estes tumores podem ser derivados do estroma prostático intrínseco, ou de outros tecidos associados, como músculo liso, vasos sanguíneos, estruturas neurais e partes moles adjacentes à próstata. Pela sua raridade e padrões histomorfológicos semelhantes, as neoplasias mesenquimais da próstata representam um desafio diagnóstico, frequentemente sendo necessárias técnicas auxiliares como a imuno-histoquímica e testes moleculares. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de angioleiomioma localizado em topografia de próstata, um tumor benigno de partes moles composto por células perivasculares de musculatura lisa bem diferenciadas dispostas em torno de numerosos canais vasculares. No presente caso, este tumor encontrava-se associado a um adenocarcinoma acinar de próstata. Não encontramos referências prévias desta combinação em bases de dados da literatura.

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Kadi, Eduardo Mansur, Ana Grasiela da Silva Limoeiro, Juliana Delatorre Bronzato, Sandra Radaic, Karla Garcia, Livia Neri, Wayne Martins Nascimento, Adriana de Jesus Soares, and Marcos Frozoni. "Apical extrusion of debris using hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gel as auxiliary substances in endodontic instrumentation." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): e16610413967. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13967.

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Aim: This study evaluated the amount of extruded debris after canal preparation using three root canal irrigating substances. Methodology: Thirty human extracted single-rooted lower premolars were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the chemical substance used for irrigation. G1: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; G2: 2% chlorhexidine gel; and G3: 0.9% saline solution. The canals were instrumented using Reciproc Blue file (VDW, Munich, Germany). Apically extruded debris was collected into a pre-weighed Eppendorf tube filled with agar gel. Extruded debris were calculated by subtracting the tooth-free apparatus weight from the post preparation weight value. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA test at a 5% significance level. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted between the groups. However, G3 had the largest extrusion weight, and G2 produced less debris when compared to the other groups (p > .05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, our data suggest that all chemical substances tested caused debris extrusion, although no statistically significant differences were found between the three substances.

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Wu, Hongcheng, Juanxiu Liu, Gui Chen, Weixing Liu, Ruqian Hao, Lin Liu, Guangming Ni, Yong Liu, Xiaowen Zhang, and Jing Zhang. "Automatic Semicircular Canal Segmentation of CT Volumes Using Improved 3D U-Net with Attention Mechanism." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 7, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9654059.

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The vestibular system is the sensory apparatus that helps the body maintain its postural equilibrium, and semicircular canal is an important organ of the vestibular system. The semicircular canals are three membranous tubes, each forming approximately two-thirds of a circle with a diameter of approximately 6.5 mm, and segmenting them accurately is of great benefit for auxiliary diagnosis, surgery, and treatment of vestibular disease. However, the semicircular canal has small volume, which accounts for less than 1% of the overall computed tomography image. Doctors have to annotate the image in a slice-by-slice manner, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To solve this problem, we propose a novel 3D convolutional neural network based on 3D U-Net to automatically segment the semicircular canal. We added the spatial attention mechanism of 3D spatial squeeze and excitation modules, as well as channel attention mechanism of 3D global attention upsample modules to improve the network performance. Our network achieved an average dice coefficient of 92.5% on the test dataset, which shows competitive performance in semicircular canals segmentation task.

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Jimenez, Jose M., Lorena Parra, Laura García, Jaime Lloret, Pedro V. Mauri, and Pascal Lorenz. "New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 3648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083648.

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Water quality may be affected by aspects such as pollution from industries, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and waste produced by humans. This contamination can affect the produce of the fields irrigated by untreated water. Therefore, it is necessary to add a treatment process in irrigation systems. In this paper, an architecture, communication protocol, and a data analysis algorithm for a wastewater treatment system intended for irrigation are presented. Our system includes a smart group-based wireless sensor network that is able to detect high salinity levels and pollution stains, such as oil spills. When contamination is detected, the water is led into auxiliary canals that perform the biosorption process to treat the water and dump it back into the main canal. Simulations were performed to assess the amount of data stored on the secure digital (SD) card, the consumed bandwidth, and the energy consumption of our proposal. The results show the system has a low bandwidth consumption with a maximum of 2.58 kbps for the setting of two daily data transmissions of the node in the last auxiliary canal. Furthermore, it can sustain the energy consumption in adverse conditions, where the node with the highest energy consumption reaches the lowest energy value of 12,320 mW/h.

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LeMay, Valerie, and Hailemariam Temesgen. "Comparison of Nearest Neighbor Methods for Estimating Basal Area and Stems per Hectare Using Aerial Auxiliary Variables." Forest Science 51, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.2.109.

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Abstract Simulations were used to compare variable-space nearest neighbor methods for imputing stems per ha and basal area per ha (ground measured) for complex stands (many species and sizes) of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Species composition and other characteristics obtained for every stand by interpreting aerial photography were used as auxiliary variables. The simulations included three distance metrics (squared Euclidean distance, most similar neighbor, and absolute distance), three intensities of stands with full information (20%, 50%, and 80%), two sets of aerial variables (mixed versus moderately high correlations with ground variables), and three averaging methods (nearest neighbor, average of three nearest neighbors, and distance weighted average of three nearest neighbors weighted). Increasing the number of stands with full information to 50% from 20% resulted in increased accuracy, with no noticeable improvement with a further increase to 80%. Of the three distance metrics, the most similar neighbor measure gave good results in imputing stems per ha and basal area per ha, particularly when there was a mixture of correlations, high and moderate, between the auxiliary (aerial) variables, and the ground variables. No large gain was noted in using the average of three neighbors rather than a single neighbor. FOR. SCI. 51(2):109–119.

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Wadewitz, Lissa K. "Rethinking the “Indian War”: Northern Indians and Intra-Native Politics in the Western Canada-U.S. Borderlands." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2019): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096.

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Abstract The standard interpretation of Washington Territory’s “Indian War” of the mid-1850s is not only east-west in its orientation, it also leaves little room for Indian auxiliaries, let alone mercenaries-for-hire from the north Pacific coast. “Northern Indians” from what later became northwestern British Columbia and southeastern Alaska provided crucial productive, reproductive, and military labor for early Euro-American settlers. Because Coast Salish communities on both sides of the border had experienced decades of raids and conflicts with various groups of northern Indians by the 1850s, Euro-Americans’ hiring of northern Indians in particular illustrates the importance of intra-Indian geopolitics to subsequent events. When placed in this larger context, the “Indian War” of 1855–56 in western Washington must be seen as part of a longer continuum of disputes involving distant Native groups, intra-Indian negotiations, and forms of Indigenous diplomacy. A closer look at how the key players involved attempted to manipulate these connections for their own purposes complicates our understandings of the military conflicts of the mid-1850s and reveals the significance of evolving Native-newcomer and intra-Indian relations in this transformative decade.

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Ashizawa, Masami, Maromu Otaka, Hiromi Yamamoto, and Atsushi Akisawa. "CO2 Emissions and Economy of Co-Firing Carbonized Wood Pellets at Coal-Fired Power Plants: The Case of Overseas Production of Pellets and Use in Japan." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051770.

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CO2 emissions reduction from coal-fired power plants is an urgent issue in Japan, as well as around the world. The purpose of this study is to estimate the CO2 emissions and economy of using carbonized wood pellets produced overseas and co-fired at coal-fired power plants in Japan. We examined carbonized wood pellets produced in Canada and Vietnam, since those countries are major exporters of wood pellets for Japan. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The CO2 emissions and calculated cost per calorific value of carbonized wood pellets (CP25), which have a fixed carbon content of 25 wt.%, are lower than those of wood pellets at the port of import in Japan. When the fixed carbon of carbonized biomass is controlled at 25 wt.% or more via a carbonizer, sufficient pyrolysis gas (the heat source used for drying and carbonization without auxiliary fuel) can be obtained. (2) Carbonized wood pellets manufactured in Vietnam are more economical than those manufactured in Canada, since the resource of wood is less expensive and the transportation distance is shorter from Vietnam compared to Canada. (3) When carbonized wood pellets at CP25 are co-fired in coal-fired power plants, they do not affect the cost of the electricity generated, even if the carbonized pellets are blended at a high ratio.

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Maxwell, Colleen J., Andrea Soo, David B. Hogan, Walter P. Wodchis, Erin Gilbart, Joseph Amuah, Misha Eliasziw, Brad Hagen, and Laurel A. Strain. "Predictors of Nursing Home Placement from Assisted Living Settings in Canada." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 32, no. 4 (November 4, 2013): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980813000469.

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RÉSUMÉCette étude visait à évaluer l’incidence de placement dans un établissement de soins de longue durée (SLD) et d’identifier les facteurs prédictifs de placement résidentiel et d’installation parmi résidents âgés dans établissements aidant à la vie autonome en Alberta, au Canada. 1,086 résidents de 59 installations en Alberta ont été inclus. Infirmières de recherche ont effectué des évaluations de résidents interRAI-AL et ont interrogé les aidants familiaux et les administrateurs. Les prédicteurs de placement ont été identifiés avec des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox multivariés. L’incidence cumulative SLD de l’admission était de 18,3 pour cent en 12 mois. Le risque de placement a augmenté significativement pour les résidents âgés et ceux avec des relations sociales médiocres, peu d’implication dans les activités, la dépreciation cognitive et/ou fonctionnelle, l’instabilité de la santé,une histoire des chutes et des hospitalisations récentes/visites à l’urgence, et l’incontinence urinaire sévère. Une diminution du risque de placement a été montré pour les résidents de grandes établissements avec une infirmière autorisée et/ou une infirmière auxiliaire autorisée disponible 24 heures par jour et un médecin de premier recours affilié. Nos résultats font ressortir les domaines cliniques et politiques ou des interventions ciblées peuvent retarder les admissions SLD.

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Behrel, Morgan, Kostia Roncin, Damien Grelon, Frédéric Montel, Alain Nême, Jean-Baptiste Leroux, Christian Jochum, and Yves Parlier. "Performance measurement of a 50-square-meter kite set-up on a 13-meter trawler." La Houille Blanche, no. 5-6 (December 2019): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2019036.

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This paper describes an on board measurement campaign held in Grande-Rivière, Gaspésie, Province of Québec, Canada, in October 2015, involving a 13-meter trawler equipped with a 50-square-meter kite. The aim of the campaign was to access the boat performance when the kite is used for auxiliary propulsion. To achieve this purpose, in addition to the kite control system, a set of sensors was installed. During the trials, runs with kite in static flight were done, with around 12 knots of true wind speed. The data post processing is presented in this paper, and allows an estimate of the lift coefficient and the lift to drag ratio of the kite and the tethers. The collected data are consistent with other experimental data published.

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Lachgar, Abdelkrim, David Mulla, and Viacheslav Adamchuk. "Implementation of Proximal and Remote Soil Sensing, Data Fusion and Machine Learning to Improve Phosphorus Spatial Prediction for Farms in Ontario, Canada." Agronomy 14, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040693.

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One of the challenges in site-specific phosphorus (P) management is the substantial spatial variability in plant available P across fields. To overcome this barrier, emerging sensing, data fusion, and spatial predictive modeling approaches are needed to accurately reveal the spatial heterogeneity of P. Seven spatially variable fields located in Ontario, Canada are clustered into two zones; four fields are located in eastern Ontario and three others are located in western Ontario. This study compares Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), Support Vector Machine regressor (SVM), and Ordinary Kriging (OK), along with novel data fusion concepts, to analyze integrated high-density spatial data layers related to spatial variability in soil available P. Feature selection and interaction detection using BART variable selection and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) for SVM were applied to 42 predictors, including soil-vegetation indices derived from PlanetScope multispectral imagery, high-density apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), and high-resolution topographic attributes derived from DUALEM-21S and a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receiver, respectively. Modeling spatial heterogeneity of soil available P with BART showed higher accuracy than SVM and OK in both zones of this study when trained and tested on ground truth data from clusters of farms. A BART variable selection approach resulted in six auxiliary predictors of soil available P in the eastern zone, while only four predictors were selected to predict P in the western zone. RFE for SVM resulted in models with 15 and 12 auxiliary predictors in the eastern and western Ontario zones. Topographic elevation was the most influential predictor of soil available P in both zones. Compared with the SVM and OK methods, BART exhibited lower average RMSE values for individual fields of 1.86 ppm and 3.58 ppm across the eastern and western Ontario zones, respectively, along with higher R2 values of 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. In contrast, SVM had RMSE values for individual fields in the eastern and western Ontario zones, respectively, averaging 5.04 ppm and 7.51 ppm and R2 values of 0.27 and 0.43. RMSE values for soil available P in individual fields across the eastern and western Ontario zones averaged 4.77 ppm and 7.81 ppm, respectively, with the OK method, while R2 values averaged 0.19 and 0.44. The selection of suitable auxiliary predictors and data fusion, combined with BART spatial machine learning algorithms, have potential to be a useful tool to accurately estimate spatial patterns in soil available P for agricultural fields in Ontario, Canada.

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Salviano Silva de Oliveira, Rebeca, Maurício Ferreira de Souza, Tauana Morais Santos Souza, Taliane Lomba Dias Julião, Lorrâney Nunes Murteira, Júlia Santos Vianna Néri, and Juliana Borges de Lima Dantas. "APLICAÇÃO DA TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA ANTIMICROBIANA NO TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA." Revista Formadores 20, Suplementar (December 5, 2023): e2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25194/rf.v20isuplementar.2001.

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Introdução: O tratamento endodôntico consiste na eliminação de microrganismos patogênicos presentes nos canais radiculares, em que se objetiva a completa desinfecção desse sistema e a prevenção de reinfecção. Lesões periapicais e perirradiculares são comuns e tem como agente etiológico bactérias com habilidade de se alojarem entre os túbulos dentinários, o que dificulta sua supressão por meios químicos e auxiliares, realizado pelo tratamento convencional. O avanço da Endodontia vem ocorrendo de forma progressiva, através do emprego de tecnologias que aumentam a eficácia na desinfecção dos canais radiculares. Um desses métodos é a Terapia Fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (TFDa), que envolve a combinação de um fotossensibilizador não tóxico e uma fonte de luz visível inofensiva na presença de oxigênio. A transferência de energia do fotossensibilizador ativado para o oxigênio disponível resulta na formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), conhecidas como oxigênio singleto e radicais livres. Essas EROs apresentam alta reatividade ao se ligar à membrana de bactérias, com consequente dano proteico e lipídico, além de ácidos nucléicos e outros componentes celulares microbianos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano da ação fotodinâmica no tratamento endodôntico. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com base na pesquisa de artigos científicos dos últimos 5 anos, realizada nas plataformas Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed e Google Acadêmico, no período de fevereiro a março de 2023, utilizando o cruzamento de Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS/MeSH) específicos sob o emprego dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Resultados: Um total de 10 artigos foram incluídos no presente estudo e apesar da escassez de estudos encontrados na literatura atual vigente, todos exibiram resultados positivos no uso da TFDa como coadjuvante no tratamento de canais radiculares, uma vez que o tratamento endodôntico convencional muitas vezes não é 100% eficaz, pois as bactérias presentes nos canais radiculares podem ser resistentes. Diante dos resultados, pode-se inferir que a TFDa não substitui o tratamento endodôntico convencional, mas agrega no processo de desinfecção dos canais, além de seu uso não impossibilitar a utilização de outros agentes com a mesma função. Pacientes que foram submetidos à combinação de irrigação com NaOCl 2,5% e a TFDa com laser de baixa potência alcançaram eliminação eficaz das bactérias dos canais radiculares, além de ter promovido a diminuição da queixa de dor após as primeiras sessões de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da TFDa demonstrou resultados positivos associados ao tratamento convencional endodôntico, com eliminação de microrganismos persistentes após o preparo químico-mecânico do sistema de canais radiculares. Portanto, se mostrou uma eficaz e promissora alternativa terapêutica. Descritores: Terapia Fotodinâmica; Canal Radicular; Desinfecção. Eixo temático: Ciências da saúde.

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Gagnon, Jean-Christophe, Samuel Beauregard-Tousignant, Jean-Sébastien Marcil, and Cassandre Sara Lazar. "Deep Isolated Aquifer Brines Harbor Atypical Halophilic Microbial Communities in Quebec, Canada." Genes 14, no. 8 (July 26, 2023): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14081529.

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The deep terrestrial subsurface, hundreds of meters to kilometers below the surface, is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, dark and often anoxic settings, with fluctuating pH, salinity, and water availability. Despite this, microbial populations are detected and active, contributing to biogeochemical cycles over geological time. Because it is extremely difficult to access the deep biosphere, little is known about the identity and metabolisms of these communities, although they likely possess unknown pathways and might interfere with deep waste deposits. Therefore, we analyzed rock and groundwater microbial communities from deep, isolated brine aquifers in two regions dating back to the Ordovician and Devonian, using amplicon and whole genome sequencing. We observed significant differences in diversity and community structure between both regions, suggesting an impact of site age and composition. The deep hypersaline groundwater did not contain typical halophilic bacteria, and genomes suggested pathways involved in protein and hydrocarbon degradation, and carbon fixation. We identified mainly one strategy to cope with osmotic stress: compatible solute uptake and biosynthesis. Finally, we detected many bacteriophage families, potentially indicating that bacteria are infected. However, we also found auxiliary metabolic genes in the viral genomes, probably conferring an advantage to the infected hosts.

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Topbas, Celalettin, and Ozkan Adiguzel. "Endodontic Irrigation Solutions: A Review." International Dental Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2017.vol7.no3.2.

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The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove all the vital and necrotic tissues, microorganisms and microbial byproducts from root canal system. This goal can be achieved through chemical and mechanical debridement of root canals. This article narrates the specifics and requirements of the irrigation solutions. Sodium hypochlorite is proposed as the primary irrigant by virtue of its organic tissue dissolution capacity and broad antimicrobial properties. On the other hand, chelation solutions are recommended as auxiliary solutions to remove the smear layer or to hinder its formation on dentin surface. Thus, it's hoped that sealers and root canal fillers can penetrate to dentin tubules and obturate the canals hermetically. There are new studies on traditional irrigants especially on some irrigants that can replace sodium hypoclorite. This article reviews the new irrigants which can be used in future endodontic practice, and their advantages and limitations. Moreover, actions and interactions of recently used irrigants are adverted. How to cite this article: Topbas C, Adiguzel O. Endodontic Irrigation Solutions: A Review. Int Dent Res 2017;7:54-61. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Nagy, Eszter, Brigitta Vőneki, Lívia Vásárhelyi, Imre Szenti, Márk Fráter, Ákos Kukovecz, and Márk Ádám Antal. "An Exploratory In Vitro Microcomputed Tomographic Investigation of the Efficacy of Semicircular Apicoectomy Performed with Trephine Bur." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2023): 9431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169431.

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Purpose: Recently, a novel approach to apicoectomy has emerged, involving the use of a hollow trephine with a surgical guide. This innovative technique creates a semicircular section, in contrast to the conventional straight cut (with a bur). The semicircular shape of this section raises questions about the method’s effectiveness in eliminating supernumerary canals (SNCs), which are auxiliary canals alongside the main root canal. These canals pose a risk of further infection if not thoroughly eliminated. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the efficacy of the proposed method in the removal of SNCs. Methods: A sample of 200 extracted single-rooted human teeth was rigorously narrowed down by multiple steps to 33 specimens that contained SNCs in the apical third. These specimens underwent apical semicircular sectioning, removing the apical 3 mm of the root. The specimens then underwent repeated CT scanning. For samples with residual SNCs, the section was transformed into a straight section and another CT scan was performed. Results: The semicircular section eliminated all SNCs in 94% of the specimens, and it eliminated 97.3% of the SNCs in all specimens. The straight-line sectioning eliminated 98.6% of all SNCs and eliminated all SNCs in 96.97% of the SNC-containing teeth. Conclusions: The efficacy of semicircular apicoectomy performed with a trephine appears to be comparable (χ2 = 1.00, df = 1, and p = 0.317) to that of the conventional straight apicoectomy performed with a bur as reported in the literature.

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Boisvert, J., F. Ashkar, S. El Adlouni, N. El-Jabi, and F. Aucoin. "Modeling St. John River (N.B., Canada) incomplete hydrometric data using bivariate distributions." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 7 (July 2015): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0433.

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This study deals with incomplete bivariate data in hydrology, where information contained in a hydrological series of relatively long length (X, the auxiliary variable) is utilized to enhance the quality of the quantile estimates for a series of shorter length (Y, the variable of main interest), when there is an association between X and Y. It is suggested that bivariate models for representing (X, Y) be constructed by means of copulas, which allows for flexibility in choosing both the marginals and the bivariate distributions. Parameter estimation is done by maximum likelihood (ML), where all the unknown parameters of the bivariate model are estimated simultaneously. A case study using flow records at three gauging stations on the St. John River (New Brunswick, Canada) is used to demonstrate the interest of using bivariate distributions for modeling incomplete data. By using (X, Y) bivariate data observed on the St. John River, the probability density function (pdf) obtained from a univariate frequency analysis of Y (Model A), is compared to the pdf constructed using a bivariate model relating X to Y (Model B). It is shown that Model B reduces the variability in the Y pdf as compared to the pdf obtained from Model A, and also corrects the quantile estimates for Y through a location shift.

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Felix, Douglas Furtado, Cleo Zanella Billa, and Diana Francisca Adamatti. "O ensino do pensamento computacional em séries finais do ensino fundamental: uma proposta embasada na neurociências." Revista Brasileira de Computação Aplicada 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rbca.v11i1.9084.

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É de tamanha relevância pesquisar acerca do pensamento computacional e suas possíveis alterações fisiológicas no cérebro de estudantes do ensino fundamental. Este artigo apresenta um recorte dos dados coletados de uma pesquisa que pretende identificar as áreas do cérebro que são ativadas antes e depois de um curso de aprendizado de lógica computacional, através de uma ferramenta com fundo educacional com estrutura interativa, Scratch, com público alvo em crianças do ensino fundamental. Para isto, é utilizado o sistema BCI (Brain Computer Interface), uma interface entre o cérebro e o computador, através da qual são mapeados processos e estados mentais. Além disso, utilizar-se-á a ferramenta ActiCHamp, um amplificador de canal ativo com canais auxiliares usados para uma gama completa sensores de Biosinais. Também será utilizado o OpenVibe, que permite projetar, testar e utilizar sistemas BCI, para fazer a coleta de dados pré e pós aprendizado. A base teórica se embasa em pesquisas das: neurociências, educação, aprendizado e tecnologia. O estudo foi realizada em um grupo de alunos do ensino fundamental em que foi possível concluir que o pensamento computacional ocasiona alterações fisiológicas no cérebro de estudantes das séries finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública, com intuito de melhora na resolução de problemas.

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Marion, Jefferson José de Carvalho, Edy Carlos de Alencar Soares, Daniel Rodrigo Herrera, Arthur Pimentel Barroso, Maíra Prado, and Alexandre Augusto Zaia. "Influência da técnica de preparo apical na desinfecção e modelagem dos canais radiculares: revisão de literatura." Dental Press Endodontics 9, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2358-2545.9.1.072-081.oar.

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Introdução: um dos objetivos da terapia endodôntica é a redução dos fatores microbianos no interior dos canais radiculares, o que pode ser conseguido por meio do preparo químico-mecânico (PQM). O PQM tem como finalidade criar um ambiente propício à condição de reparo, por meio da limpeza e modelagem do sistema de canais radiculares (SCR), que associa a ação mecânica dos instrumentos ao uso de substâncias químicas auxiliares. Em relação ao limite apical desse preparo e ao diâmetro apical final da instrumentação, podemos observar que não há consenso entre os profissionais. Introdução: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a eficiência de duas técnicas no preparo e desinfecção do terço apical do SCR: a técnica de ampliação foraminal e a técnica de batente apical com manutenção da patência foraminal. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, BBO, Lilacs e SciELO, usando os seguintes termos: canal radicular, forame apical, endodontia, lima de patência, tamanho apical, lima apical final, preparo biomecânico, ampliação foraminal, comprimento de trabalho, anatomia dental, tratamento endodôntico, patência foraminal, preparo do canal radicular e batente apical. Cada um desses termos foi combinado utilizando os operadores booleanos E/OU. Após leitura dos resumos, 65 artigos foram selecionados e incluídos nessa revisão. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que o alargamento do terço apical, seja com ou sem ampliação foraminal, parece favorecer o prognóstico do tratamento endodôntico, devido à redução do conteúdo infeccioso em toda a extensão do SCR. A manutenção da patência foraminal é um fator essencial para um PQM adequado quando a técnica de batente apical é realizada. Conclusão: conclui-se que preparos apicais mais amplos promovem resultados mais previsíveis, e que a ampliação foraminal possibilita o melhor debridamento e desinfeção do SCR.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Canaux auxiliares'

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