Journal articles on the topic 'Canal'
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Kim, D.-K., D.-R. Kim, S. H. Jeong, G. J. Kim, K.-H. Chang, and B.-C. Jun. "Analysis of the coplanarity of functional pairs of semicircular canals using three-dimensional images reconstructed from temporal bone magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 5 (March 3, 2015): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115000201.
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AbstractObjectives:This study was conducted to investigate the angles and orientation of semicircular canals, and the coplanarity of functional canal pairs.Methods:Fluid signals in semicircular canals were reconstructed with three-dimensional reconstruction software using 20 temporal bone magnetic resonance images of normal subjects. The angles between each pair of semicircular canals were measured.Results:The mean angles between the anterior and horizontal semicircular canal plane, the horizontal and posterior semicircular canal plane, and the anterior and posterior semicircular canal plane were 83.7°, 82.5° and 88.4°, respectively. Pairs of contralateral synergistic canal planes were formed 15.1° between the right and left horizontal semicircular canal planes, 21.2° between the right anterior and left posterior semicircular canal, and 21.7° between the left anterior and right posterior semicircular canal.Conclusion:Each semicircular canal makes an almost right angle with other canals, but synergistically acting functional canal pairs of both ears do not lie in exactly the same plane.
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Tartuk, GA, and S. Kaya. "Incidence of Missed Middle Mesial Canal in Endodontically treated Mandibular Molar Teeth: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 26, no. 6 (June 2023): 756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_743_22.
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ABSTRACT Background: In endodontic treatment, the aim is to completely determine, shape, and fill all root canals in a three-dimensional way. Missed canals lead to treatment failure. In mandibular molars, there may be an extra canal called the middle mesial canal between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of missed middle mesial canals in root canal-treated mandibular molar teeth. Materials and Methods: In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 1054 patients were analyzed. We identified 121 endodontically treated mandibular molars and evaluated the prevalence of missed canals. Results: Although 33.05% of the root canal-treated teeth did not have a middle mesial canal, this canal was detected in the other 66.94%; 97.53% of teeth with a middle mesial canal could not be detected by clinicians. Conclusion: Clinicians performing endodontic treatment of mandibular molar teeth should not ignore the presence of the middle mesial canal. Thus, it is very important for clinicians to have sufficient information about the localization, morphology, and variations of the middle mesial canal.
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Shafqat, Amira, Bader Munir, and Mustafa Sajid. "MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 07 (July 10, 2018): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.07.103.
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Introduction: It is important for a dental practitioner to have a clear understandingof the root canal morphology and its variations to perform successful root canal treatment.The inability to identify and adequately treat all canals of root canal system may contribute tothe failure of root canal treatment. Objectives: Clinically determine the frequency or numbersof root canals per tooth in the maxillary second molar teeth in the local population. Setting:Department of Operative Dentistry in Punjab Dental Hospital / de`Montmorency College ofDentistry, Lahore. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Study Period: 25th May 2013 to24th November 2013 (6 months). Results: This was a Cross sectional survey of 80 patients withsymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in maxillary second molar teeth in patients undergoing rootcanal treatment. The results showed that five (6.25%) patients had single root canal, seventeen(21.25%) patients had 2 root canals, forty (50%) patients had 3 root canals, seventeen (21.25%)patients had 4 root canals and one (1.25 %) patient had 5 root canals per tooth. In patientwith five canals, single root canal was present in distobuccal and palatal root each while threeroot canals were present in mesiobuccal root as MB-1, MB-2 and MB-3 canal. Conclusion:Local population have a lot of variations in root canal anatomy in second molar. So preclinicalknowledge can increase the success rate of root canal treatment.
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Çoban Kanyılmaz, Ata Nisa, Özlem Okumuş, and Hakkı Sunay. "Assessment of root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation." International Dental Research 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.8.
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Aim: The achievement of root canal treatment is influenced by the status of the root canals. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of second root canals in mandibular incisors and the prevalence of root canal separation in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of cases with 2 root canals.
Methodology: Retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) datas of 500 patients seen between 2016 and 2018 were evaluated. A total of 300 patients, 134 males and 166 females, aged 13-71 years (mean age 39.34±13.44) were included in this study. A total of 587 central mandibular incisors and 582 lateral mandibular incisors were examined. The number of roots and root canal morphology based on the Vertucci’s classification were analyzed. The effect of gender on the prevalence of root canal anatomy was also evaluated.
Results: The occurence of more than 1 root canal in mandibular lateral and mandibular central was 41.2% and 40.4% respectively and all teeth had a single root. Type I (59.2%) was the most common type, followed by Type III (31.4%), Type II (5.8%), Type VII (2.1 %), Type VI (0.8%) and Type V (0.7%). Type IV and Type VIII were not observed. The root canal separation in two root canaI of central and lateral mandibular incisors was found in the middle third of the root in 65.4% and 74.6%, respectively. The incidence of Type III in males (39%) was higher than that of females (25.4%), while the incidences of Type I in females (67.7%) were significantly higher than that of males (48.3%). The prevalence of second canals in mandibular incisors were detected more frequently in men than in women.
Conclusion: The prevalence of second canal in total mandibular incisors is 40.8% (Type III was observed the most frequently). CBCT is an appropriate method for identifying of canal morphologies of mandibular incisors.
How to cite this article: Çoban Kanyılmaz AN, Okumuş Ö, Sunay H. Assessment of root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):46-53. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.8
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Madakwade, Sangham Dinkar, Chetana Sachin Makade, and Pratima Ramkrishana Shenoi. "Ambiguity of lateral canals." Journal of Advances in Dental Practice and Research 1 (June 30, 2022): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jadpr_12_2022.
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For successful endodontic therapy, clinicians must have a thorough understanding of the complexities present in the root canal system such as accessory canals, lateral canals, furcal canals, and apical ramifications. It has been reported in the literature that lateral canals and/or apical canals are likely to be associated with pulp disease and canal reinfection. As a result, this emphasizes the importance of infection control not only in the main canal but also throughout the root canal system and its variations. The current article presents with an insight into the clinical aspects of lateral canals.
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Hassam Anjum Mir, Asad-ur-Rahman, Mussab Irfan, Inamullah Jan Khattak, Akhla Nadeem Ahmed, and Fawad Ali Shah. "ROOT CANAL MORPHOLOGY OF MANDIBULAR INCISORS IN PAKISTANI POPULATION USING CBCT." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 10, no. 03 (September 30, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v10i03.201.
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Objective: To find the incidence of two canals, and root canal morphology of mandibular incisors in Pakistani population thus preventing missed canals during endodontic procedures. Materials and Methods: 100 CBCT scans taken in Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan were studied to determine the presence of second canal as well as determining the root canal morphology according to Vertucci’s classification, in mandibular incisors. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Images of 400 mandibular incisors were observed. 73.8% of the incisors had one canal (Vertucci’s Type I) and 26.2% had two canals (Vertucci’s Type II 4%, Type III 20.4% and Type IV 1.7%). Conclusion: Overall, 26.2% incisors had two canals, so the dentists performing root canal treatment of mandibular incisors must be aware of this fact to avoid missed canal. CBCT can be used successfully to determine root canal configurations.
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Kyaw Moe, M. M., H. J. Jo, J. H. Ha, and S. K. Kim. "Root Canal Configuration of Burmese (Myanmar) Maxillary First Molar: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3433343.
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Aim. To investigate the root canal anatomy of Burmese (Myanmar) permanent maxillary first molar (BMFM) with micro-computed tomography. Methodology. One hundred and one extracted BMFMs were scanned by a SkyScan 1272 scanner (Bruker microCT, Belgium) and reconstructed with NRecon software (Bruker microCT). CTAn software (Bruker microCT) was used to create 3D models of root and internal canal anatomy, while CTVol software (Bruker microCT) was used to visualize 3D models. In each root, Vertucci’s canal types, incidence and location of the lateral canal, incidence, location, and type of isthmus, and number and position of foramina were examined. Results. In 101 specimens, 83 (82.18%) mesiobuccal roots had multiple canals. The most common canal type is type IV (45.5%), followed by type II (17.8%) and I (17.8%) canals. Type III, V, VI, VII, and VIII canals are less than 10% in total. Seven additional canal types were seen for 10% in total. Fourteen (13.86%) distobuccal roots had multiple canals, and the predominant canal type is type I (86.1%), followed by type II (5.9%) and V (4%) canals. Three additional canal types were observed for 4% in total. All palatal roots possessed the simplest type I canal. Apical ramification occurred in 69 mesiobuccal roots (68.3%), 36 distobuccal roots (35.6%), and 37 palatal roots (36.6%). A total of 240 lateral canals were observed in 101 specimens. Each specimen had 2.38 ± 2.22 lateral canals on average. The highest incidence, 136 (56.67%) lateral canals, occurred in the mesiobuccal root, followed by 57 (23.75%) and 47 (19.58%) lateral canals from the distobuccal root and the palatal root, respectively. Each specimen had 6.17 ± 2.42 foramina. Mesiobuccal root had the highest incidence of apical foramina compared to other roots. Seventy-two mesiobuccal roots (71.29%) had isthmus, while only 7 distobuccal roots (6.93%) had isthmus somewhere along the root. Conclusions. The root canal anatomy of BMFM was quite complex, especially in the mesiobuccal root. The predominant canal type was Vertucci type IV in the mesiobuccal root and type I in the distobuccal and palatal roots. In addition, this micro-computed tomography study disclosed complemented canal types and a higher prevalence of lateral canal than the previous studies.
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Shrestha, Sushmita, Navin Agrawal, Mannu Vikram, Vimmi Singh, Ashok Ayer, and Arbind Rai. "C shaped canal: Variation and Recommendations." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i1.19125.
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Root canal morphology is not uniform, variations of root canals are routinely encountered by endodontists making the root canal treatment more challenging. C shaped canal is a variation commonly encountered in mandibular second molars. The main identifying feature of such canals is presence of fins or webs interconnecting with the main canals. Such canal systems require meticulous mechanical and rigorous chemical preparation to ensure desired outcome of the treatment. Proper assessment of tooth morphology, preoperative radiograph along with consideration towards racial predilection will greatly help in accurate identification of such canals pre-operatively. This paper reports a case of C shaped canal in mandibular second molar diagnosed and treated taking all the precautions and adapting necessary modifications in the steps of conventional root canal treatment steps where required thus increasing the likelihood of success.
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Shrestha, Sandhya, Manish Raj Sapkota, Ankit Shah, Santosh Rajbhandari, and Pratyush Sapkota. "Occurrence of Second Mesio-buccal Canal in Maxillary First Permanent Molar: A CBCT Study." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18901.
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Introduction: Complexity in root canal morphology leads to chances of failure in endodontic treatment due to missed canal. Availability of Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has contributed to assess second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars.Objective: To study the presence of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals, classify morphology of canals according to Vertucci’s classification and to measure the distance between MB1 and MB2 canals.Materials & Method: 72 CBCT scans including 115 permanent maxillary first molars were evaluated by endodontist and oral radiologist separately using Dicom software to study the mesiobuccal root canal morphology. Oral radiologist and endodontist individually evaluated the scans through coronal, axial and oblique views to study canal configurations. Vertucci’s Classification was used to classify the canal configurations. Statistical tests were done to assess the gender variation and arch side difference.Result: Among 115 images evaluated; 30.4% samples had second mesiobuccal canal. The most common canal configuration was Type I (60.9 %) in mesiobuccal root. The mean distance between MB1 and MB2 canals was 2.39 mm in female and 2.56 mm in male.Conclusion: The occurrence of second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary permanent molar is considerable in Nepali patients. CBCT can be an effective tool to detect MB2 canal and other complexities of root canal system to achieve clinical success
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Joshi, Neera, Suraj Shrestha, Kranti Prajapati, Sharada Devi Wagle, Rinky Nyachhyon, and Sunanda Sundas. "PRESENCE OF EXTRA CANAL IN PERMANENT MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1206.
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Background: The success of root canal therapy depends on proper knowledge of root canal system, presence of extra canals, complete debridement and three-dimensional obturation of the entire root canal system. Previous studies have reported three to five canals in mandibular first molars. There might be chance of missing the canal that may lead to root canal failure, because of the variability in the number of root canals. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of extra canal in the permanent mandibular first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics of Peoples Dental College and Hospital over a period of ten months from 6th September 2021 to 31st July 2022 after receiving ethical clearance from Institutional review Committee (IRC) Peoples dental college on 5th September 2021 (ref no1/ch no 5,2078/2079). About 350 mandibular first molar was selected by convenient sampling. After access preparation, all canal orifices were located and data were recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with frequency table. Results: Out of 350 patients, the percentage of three canals, four canals and five canals were respectively 273(78%), 76(21.7%) and 1(0.3%). Conclusions: The finding of this study supports the presence of extra canals in mandibular first molar. Thus, the clinicians require more diagnostic approaches, access modifications, and skills to locate, clean and shape the entire root canal system.
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Kalaitzoglou, Maria Elpida, Eleni Kantilieraki, Charalampos Beltes, Christos Angelopoulos, and Panagiotis Beltes. "Second Root Canal in Mandibular Incisors: an Ex Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2018-0007.
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SummaryBackground/Aim: To analyze the internal morphology of mandibular incisors with two root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: 289 (143 central and 146 lateral) extracted intact mandibular incisors were radiographed for detection of a second root canal. The teeth presenting a second root canal were imaged with CBCT and evaluated regarding: root canal type, the distance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bifurcation of the canals and the distance of the canal fusion to the apical foramen (in teeth in which canals rejoined). Results: Out of 143 central and 146 lateral mandibular incisors, 41 (28.7%) and 44 (30.1%) teeth respectively showed a second root canal. Types II, III, V and an additional type to Vertucci’s classification were identified. Type III was the most prevalent and presented in 30 (73.2%) central and 34 (77.3%) lateral mandibular incisors with two root canals. The mean values of the distance of the CEJ to the canal bifurcation were 4.2 mm and 4.0 mm for central and lateral mandibular incisors respectively. The mean values of the distance of the canal fusion to the apical foramen 5.5 mm and 5.1 mm for central and lateral mandibular incisors respectively. Conclusions: Mandibular incisors with two root canals mainly present with Vertucci’s Type 3 canal configuration. The canal bifurcation was identified mostly at the coronal and middle thirds of the root, while the canal fusion occurred in the middle third of the root.
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Liu, Xiaojing, Meili Gao, Jianping Ruan, and Qun Lu. "Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary First Premolar by Microscopic Computed Tomography in a Chinese Adolescent Subpopulation." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 16, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4327046.
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Objectives. To investigate the root morphology and root canal anatomy of maxillary first premolar using microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods. 324 maxillary first premolars were collected and scanned. The root and canal diameter, canal wall thickness, root taper, and cross-sectional shapes were determined in the single root with 1 canal (SR1C), single root with 2 canals (SR2C), and 2 roots with 2 canals (2R2C) by micro-CT. Results. The results showed that single-rooted maxillary premolars were more common than other types. The incidence of SR1C, SR2C, and 2R2C reached 25%, 26.39%, and 26.39%, respectively. Root and canal diameters and canal wall thickness were decreased from coronal third to apical foramen. The three parameters and canal taper showed increases from buccal and palatal (BP) to mesiodistal (MD) aspects. The root canal tapers were smallest of the middle third level. The findings showed the different variations in 2R2C teeth. The root canal cross-sectional morphology in maxillary first premolars is complicated, including round, oval, long oval, flat canal, and irregular canal shapes. The distribution varied in different aspects. Conclusion. Root canal morphology showed a wide variation and complicated structure. The single-rooted teeth were more common in the Chinese adolescent population, and the majority of maxillary first premolars have two canals.
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Bansal, Dr Ramta, and Dr Aditya Jain. "Root Canal Treatment of a Mandibular Second Molar With a Single Mesial Canal and Two Distal Canals." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/aug2013/162.
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Nithya, J., and Nalini Aswath. "Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (May 23, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_67_2019.
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Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Results: The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%). Conclusion: CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.
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Brar, Prabhleen Kaur, Rajdeep Brar, Ruchi Vashisht, and Ramandeep Singh Gambhir. "Root Canal Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Unusual Anatomy: A Rare Case Report." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 18, no. 3 (2023): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_307_23.
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The mandibular premolars, typically, present with a single root and single root canal. However, several studies have shown greater diversities in the root canal system of mandibular premolars. Vertucci found two canals at the apex in 25.5% and three canals at the apex in 0.5% of the cases of 400 investigated premolars. The introduction of magnification in dentistry and the use of cone-beam computed tomography have greatly improved the success of root canal treatment. The present case report presents a case of successful root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with a single root canal that trifurcates and exits as three canals at the apex.
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Rathinasamy, Naveenkumar, Benin Paulaian, Nagammai Meyappan, and Arvind Kumar Alexander. "Middle mesial canal - A mystery in mandibular first molar: Report of two cases." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2023): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2023.033.
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Endodontic therapy aims at disinfection of the root canal system. Efforts are made by root canal instrumentation and chemical disinfection to remove the infected pulp tissue and debris from the root canal space. However due to variations in canal anatomy, it is impossible to instrument all the parts of canal and that may lead to persistence or progression of infection. Thorough knowledge of tooth morphology is important to improve the success rate of endodontic treatment. Missed canals are considered to be an important factor for endodontic failure and about 4% cases treated by specialists also reported have shown to have missed canals. Hence use of all the available methods to detect the additional aberrant canals and disinfection of them during root canal treatment procedure is essential for favorable endodontic outcome.
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Park, Da-Min, Woo-Hyun Seok, and Ji-Young Yoon. "Factors Influencing Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment Outcomes in Mandibular Second Molars: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 10 (May 16, 2024): 2931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102931.
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Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the root canal morphology and various treatment variables on the outcomes of root canal treatments (RCTs) in mandibular second molars, assessed through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Methods: A total of 150 CBCT images were examined, comprising 100 cases of persistent endodontic infections and 50 of previously treated root canals with normal apices in the mandibular second molars. CBCT was utilized to evaluate the root canal configuration, the radiographic quality of coronal restorations and treated canal systems, and the presence of periapical lesions. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the correlations between these factors. Results: The presence of a C-shaped root canal configuration did not demonstrate a significant correlation with periapical lesions (p = 0.05). Factors influencing endodontic treatment outcomes included missing canals (p = 0.018), underfilling or overfilling (p = 0.045), and inadequate coronal restoration (p = 0.006). Missing a canal was identified as the variable most significantly associated with periapical lesions (OR = 3.103). Inhomogeneous root canal obturation was more commonly observed in C-shaped root canals (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Regardless of the root canal morphology of mandibular second molars, successful RCT depends on thorough disinfection to eliminate any untreated canals, precise three-dimensional filling of the canals at the correct working length, and a securely sealed coronal restoration to prevent leakage.
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Razumova, Svetlana, Anzhela Brago, Lamara Khaskhanova, Ammar Howijieh, Haydar Barakat, and Ashot Manvelyan. "A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning of the Root Canal System of Permanent Teeth among the Moscow Population." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (September 25, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2615746.
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Background. Successful endodontic treatment requires a significant knowledge of root canal anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and root canal number of permanent teeth among the Moscow population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. Materials and methods. 300 CBCT images of subjects were analyzed to study the anatomy of roots and root canal system of each tooth. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics software 22.0 version. Results. The maxillary incisors and canines had one root with one canal in 100%. Maxillary premolars had one root with one or two canals and two roots with two canals, while mandibular premolars were single-rooted with one or two canals. Maxillary first and second molar had three separated roots, and the prevalence of four canals was more often in first molars. Mandibular molars had two roots with different number of canals. Conclusion. The root canal system varies greatly among populations and even in different individuals within the same population; thus, using CBCT scanning is an effective technique in investigating the root canal system.
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Dosumu, Oluwole O., Iyabo M. Funmilayo Abiodun-Solanke, Peter O. Shaba, and Deborah M. Ajayi. "Prevalence of Additional Canals in Maxillary First Molars in a Nigerian Population." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 7 (2008): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-7-81.
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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of additional canals in maxillary first molars in a selected population in Nigeria. Methods and Materials One hundred extracted teeth were collected from the Pedodontic and Oral Surgery clinics of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The teeth were identified and their root planed to remove adherent soft tissues. Each tooth was sectioned at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and then again at 2 mm below the CEJ. The number of canals present in each root was noted. For the clinical aspect of the study, 30 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of pulpal involvement participated in the study. These patients had root canal therapy performed on their maxillary first molars and the number of canals was confirmed with periapical radiographs. Results In the laboratory phase of the study 77% of the teeth sectioned had three canals while 22% had four canals with the fourth canal being a second mesiobuccal canal. Only one tooth had five canals with two canals in the palatal root, two canals in the mesiobuccal root, and the remaining canal in the distobuccal root. For the clinical phase of the study, 29 (96.7%) out of 30 patients treated had three canals while only one (3.3%) had four canals with the fourth canal being a second mesiobuccal canal. Conclusion Clinicians should assume there are additional canals in each root when performing endodontic therapy on the maxillary first molar. Only after a thorough search for extra canals and after it is determined further preparation would be fruitless or could cause perforation should the clinician proceed with treating only one canal per root. Clinical Significance If root canal therapy fails, it may be due to the existence of an extra canal that was not located and treated in the first place. This should be considered carefully during re-treatment either by surgical or non-surgical methods. Citation Abiodun-Solanke IMF, Dosumu OO, Shaba PO, Ajayi DM. Prevalence of Additional Canals in Maxillary First Molars in a Nigerian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:081-088.
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Haider, Irsam, Saqib Naeem Siddique, Sobia Masood Tirmazi, Muhammad Moazzam, Usman Sana, Mubashir Rasheed, and Imza Batool. "Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars by Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 3663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123663.
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Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the root and canal system in maxillary 1st premolar teeth in our patients using cone-beam computed tomography in subpopulation of Pakistan in Lahore. Material & methods. This retrospective study in vivo assessed Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaginings of maxillary 1st premolars from February 2017 to January 2019. This study determined the number of roots, canals and root canal conformation as described by Vertucci’s classification. Results. 150 subjects aged 17-75 years were enrolled with 90 females and 60 males. From 200 1st maxillary pre-molars, 75% of the teeth had two roots. 21% had one root. 4% had three roots. 94% teeth had two canals. Three canals were detected in 4% teeth. One canal in 2% teeth. Regarding canal configuration, type I canal in 72% cases and type V canal in 13% of cases. Conclusion. The Cone-beam computed tomography system is par excellence diagnostic modality than radiographic diagnosis providing improved and exact knowledge of root and canal variations plus configuration. Keywords: CBCT, Maxillary premolars, Endodontic treatment, Vertucci’s classification, root canal.
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Bulut, Duygu Goller, Emre Kose, Gozde Ozcan, Ahmet Ercan Sekerci, Emin Murat Canger, and Yıldıray Sisman. "Evaluation of root morphology and root canal configuration of premolars in the Turkish individuals using cone beam computed tomography." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 04 (October 2015): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.172624.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the root and root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 2134 premolars (987 maxillary, 1147 mandibular) were obtained from 404 patients. Details of gender, age, number of roots and canals, and canal configuration in each root were recorded. The canal configuration was classified and evaluated according to Vertucci's criteria. Results: The majority of maxillary premolars had two separate roots; although, three roots were identified in 1% of maxillary first premolars. However, most of the mandibular premolars had a single root. The two canals (69.9%) and type I (62.6%) and type II (34.1%) configuration for upper first premolar, one canal (82.1%) and type I (77.6%) canal configuration for second premolar was the most prevalent root canal frequency. The most prevalent root canal frequency was the one canal (96.2%) and type I (94.2%) and type V (3.2%) configuration for mandibular first premolar, one canal (98.9%) and type I (98.9%) canal configuration for second premolar. There was no difference in the root canal configurations and the numbers of canals between the left and the right side of both females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Recognition of morphology and anatomy of the root canal system is one of the most important factors for successful endodontic treatment. Preoperative CBCT examination allows determination of root canal configuration of premolar teeth and helps clinicians in root canal treatment.
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Chen, Fang Fiona, Jun Li Yang, and Geoff Downes. "A Visual Information Assessment Tool for Resin Canal Identification and Property Measurement." IAWA Journal 29, no. 4 (2008): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000194.
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Resin canal studies rely on the accurate measurement of various resin canal properties. The conventional approach of manually marking resin canals on a wood sample is not only labour intensive but, more importantly, unable to quantify the visual information of resin canals, such as the size and contrast of a resin canal. This paper describes a semiautomatic visual information processing approach that was developed to identify resin canals and growth rings from colour-scanned images of the transverse surface of polished wood samples, and to quantify the characteristics of resin canals by ring-based statistical measures in terms of the area of a resin canal occupied, colour contrast of a resin canal to its surrounding material and resin canals occurrence frequency within a growth ring. The proposed approach endeavours to automate the analysis as far as practicable. Interactive facilities are provided for correcting decisions made by the automated analysis, wherever necessary. The method of resin canal detection, based on image processing techniques, provides an effective solution to many problems that require feature identification and assessment. The proposed approach was used to assess variation in axial resin canals in radiata pine across different sites.
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Mukhaimer, Raed Hakam. "Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Molars in a Palestinian Population by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 13, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583621.
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Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of canals and variations in root canal configuration in the mandibular permanent first molar teeth of a Palestinian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. A sample of 320 extracted double-rooted mandibular permanent first molars from Palestinian population was collected for this study and scanned with CBCT scanner. The following observations were made: number of root canals per root and canal configuration in each root based on Vertucci’s classification. Results. Of the 320 mandibular first molars analyzed, 174 (54.4%) had three canals, 132 teeth (41.3%) had four canals, and only four teeth had two canals. The most common canal configuration in the mesial roots was Vertucci type IV (53.8%) followed by type II (38.8%). In the distal roots, the most prevalent canal configuration was Vertucci type I (57.5%) followed by type II ( 22.5%) and type III (10.6%). Conclusion. Our results showed that the number of canals and canal configuration in Palestinian population were consistent with previously reported data. The present study also indicates that CBCT is helpful as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of root canal morphology.
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Öztürk, Ayla, Ayşe Tayman, and Anitha Potluri. "Observation of Double Mandibular Canals and Types of Bifid Canals in Dry Skulls." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0018.
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SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and morphologic mandibular canal variations in dry skulls.Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained of 57 skulls among the academic collection at the University of Pittsburgh. Orthodontic wire was inserted through the mandibular canal as a reference point at panoramic images for localization of the course of the mandibular canal.Results: Double mandibular canals were present in 2 out of 57 skulls (3,5%); one of them was unilateral the other one was bilateral. Additionally, bifurcation of the mandibular canal and different types of configurations were assessed. In five of the specimens (8,8%) bifid canals were identified. Among them, one case (1,7%) was identified as a forward type. In one case additional canal (1,7%), was detected in the retromolar region, which joined the main canal. Three of the specimens (5,3%) showed accessory canal types. These were the canals that detached from the main canal and proceeded towards the molar teeth roots (dental type). All of these bifid canal types were unilateral.Conclusions: Our results depicted the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Dental practitioners should be aware of this underestimated but not a rare occurrence of mandibular canal variations in order to avoid complication during surgical procedures.
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Nayak, Gurudutt, Shashit Shetty, Hitesh Chopra, and Abhinav Sharma. "Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with five canals: Report of a case aided with spiral computed tomography." Serbian Dental Journal 59, no. 2 (2012): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1202104n.
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Introduction. Maxillary first molars have shown substantial dissimilarity regarding their number of roots, canals and morphology. Most commonly, it has three roots and four canals, two mesiobuccal, one distobuccal and one palatal canal. The incidence of second mesiobuccal canal has been reported between 18% and 96.1% while the incidence of two distobuccal canals was found in 1.64% to 9.50% of cases. Periapical (PA) radiography has been commonly used to determine root canal anatomy even though it is two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object. Advanced diagnostic methods as spiral computed tomography (SCT) provide three-dimensional images useful to determine complex canal morphology. Case Report. A 31-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment of the maxillary right first molar. Endodontic access cavity revealed two canal openings in each of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root later confirmed using the SCT and conventional PA radiography. The canals were instrumented using crown down technique with ProTaper NiTi rotary files. Obturation was performed using single gutta-percha cone and AH Plus paste. The patient remained asymptomatic during the regular checkups. Conclusion. Knowledge, detection and management of complex canal anatomy is of the foremost importance in endodontics since missed canals are one of well recognised reasons for endodontic treatment failure.
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Rathi, Sushma, Jayaprakash Patil, and Prashant P. Jaju. "Detection of Mesiobuccal Canal in Maxillary Molars and Distolingual Canal in Mandibular Molars by Dental CT: A Retrospective Study of 100 Cases." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/291276.
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Objective. To detect presence of MB2 canal in maxillary molars and distolingual canal in mandibular molars by Dental CT.Material and Methods. A retrospective study of 100 Dental CTs was done. Axial and paraxial images obtained were used to assess the presence of MB2 canal in maxillary molars and distolingual canal in mandibular molars.Results. The youngest patient was of 11 years while the eldest patient was of 77 years. Males were 58 in number and females were 42 in number. MB2 canals were present in 57 patients and distolingual canal was present in 18 patients. Maximum MB2 canals were present in age group between 51 and 60 years, while distolingual canals were present in age group of 21–30 years.Conclusion. Dental CT allows adequate visualization of variation in root canal morphology and can be important diagnostic tool for successful endodontic therapy.
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Bhadoria, Anupriya, Vineeta Nikhil, and Padmanabh Jha. "An Intriguing Case of Maxillary Canine with Two Canals: A Rare Entity." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210529.
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One of the major causes of root canal treatment failure is inability to find and manage an extra canal (s). For achieving successful endodontic therapy, knowledge of root canal morphology and variations in the root is important. The purpose of this case report is to report a rare case of maxillary canine with two root canals. It describes the treatment of a permanent maxillary left canine having an additional canal (Vertucci’s Type II canal configuration) present in a 48 year old female patient. Clinical examination revealed a maxillary canine with a previously initiated access. Radiographic examination revealed a previously initiated access in left maxillary canine, having an additional canal. Keywords: Endodontic treatment, maxillary canine, root canal anatomy, two root canals.
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Robinson, D. N., K. Cant, and L. Cooley. "Morphogenesis of Drosophila ovarian ring canals." Development 120, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 2015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.7.2015.
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We analyzed the structure of cytoplasmic bridges called ring canals in Drosophila egg chambers. Two mutations, hu-li tai shao (hts) and kelch, disrupt normal ring canal development. We raised antibodies against the carboxy-terminal tail of hts and found that they recognize a protein that localizes specifically to ring canals very early in ring canal assembly. Accumulation of filamentous actin on ring canals coincides with the appearance of the hts protein. kelch, which is localized to the ring canals hours after hts and actin, is necessary for maintaining a highly ordered ring canal rim since kelch mutant egg chambers have ring canals that are obstructed by disordered actin and hts. Anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies immunostain ring canals beginning early in the germarium before hts and actin and throughout egg chamber development. The use of antibody reagents to analyze the structure of wild-type and mutant ring canals has shown that ring canal development is a dynamic process of cytoskeletal protein assembly, possibly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of some ring canal components.
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Магеррам гызы Ширинова, Шохрат, Эльдар агеррам оглу Гасымов, and Владимир Рамазан оглу Курбанов. "Sediments of natural waters Nakhchivan Autonomay Republik – As an additional reserve of chemical elemets." NATURE AND SCIENCE 08, no. 03 (May 20, 2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/08/12-15.
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The introduction of riverwater accumulated over the years in reservoirs and canale for agricultural crops can contribute to the emergence of new representatives of mikrofloraandmikrofauna, wich, in turn, contribute to improving soil fertility, improving soil amelioration and reducing the dosage of mineral fertilizers, thus improving the ecological condition of the soil composition, in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, water supply to agricultural areas is provided by reservoirs and canals including the Vaikhyr reservoir, the Syrabian reservoir, the Neckram canal and the Turian canal. Over the years, as the Nakhchivanriver waters flow in to them suspended sediment deposition has bettaking pleace. Key words:gross composition, chemistry, sediments, river load, minerals, fertility
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Razumova, Svetlana, Anzhela Brago, Ammar Howijieh, Haydar Barakat, Yuliya Kozlova, and Malina Baykulova. "Evaluation of Cross-Sectional Root Canal Shape and Presentation of New Classification of Its Changes Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134495.
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The root canal system is considering the most important factor in endodontic treatment, due to the complexity of its anatomy and morphology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional root canal shape in three thirds (coronal, middle, apical) in different age groups using cone-beam computed tomography scanning (CBCT) and to present a new classification for root canal shape changes. This cross-sectional study included 300 CBCT scans for patient aged 20–70, and these scans were evaluated to study the morphology of the cross-sectional root canal shape in coronal, middle, and apical thirds among three age groups, namely the young (20–44), middle (45–59), and elderly (60–70). The root canal shape was classified as round, oval, long oval, and ribbon (with or without isthmus). The cross-sectional root canal shape was identified in two groups: canals with an unchanging (constant) shape and canals with changing shape. In turn, in canals with changing shape, the change could be identified in the region of the middle or apical thirds of the canal. The results showed that root canal shape changes in two cases: (1) the presence of one or more canals in the root (with or without isthmus between them), and (2) with age, as it was observed that the cross-sectional shape of the root canal becomes round in the apical third with age. A new classification of the changes of root canal shape in three thirds (coronal, middle, apical) was presented in this study.
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Alqedairi, Abdullah, Hussam Alfawaz, Yousef Al-Dahman, Faisal Alnassar, Asma Al-Jebaly, and Sara Alsubait. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Premolars in a Saudi Population." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 15, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8170620.
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Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Saudi population using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed CBCT images of 707 Saudi patients. The number of roots and canal configuration were identified based on Vertucci’s classification. Fisher’s exact Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the association between sex and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration.Results. Most teeth had two roots in maxillary first premolars (75.1%) and one root in maxillary second premolars (85.2%). Type IV was the most prevalent canal configuration in maxillary first premolars (69.1%), while Type I was the most in maxillary second premolars (49.4%). All types of canal configurations were observed in maxillary premolars except Type VII for the maxillary second premolar. Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration in both maxillary first and second premolars although higher number of roots was seen in men (P > 0.05).Conclusion. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots with Type IV being the most predominant canal configuration, while a single root with Type I canal configuration was the most frequently observed morphology in maxillary second premolars. In maxillary first premolars, 21.3% had one canal apically, 75.4% had two canals apically, and 3.3% had three canals apically. In maxillary second premolars, 80.2% had one canal apically, 18.9% had two canals apically, and 0.9% had three canals apically.
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Sana, U., I. U. Niazi, R. S. Din, M. Rasheed, I. Haider, and O. Yousaf. "Root. Canal. Morphology. of Mandibular. First. Permanent. Molars. in a Pakistani. Sub-population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561314.
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Aim : To investigate the number and. patterns of. root canals. of mandibular. first. molars.. Methods.: Descriptive observational study to investigate the canal morphology using clearing technique. The duration of the study was one year from 1st February 2020 to 1st February 2021.Non purposive sampling technique was used and 200 mandibular first molar were collected. Data collected was analysed using the SPSS Vr 10. Study variables include Number and pattern of the roots in mandibular teeth. Descriptive statistics were used; frequencies of the root canals and their canal pattern were calculated. Results: In the mesial root, 14 teeth had a one root canal,186 possessed double root canals were observed. Distal root of 160 teeth possessed one canal, 40 teeth possessed two root canals with type 1 pattern mostly observed. Conclusion: Like other populations Pakistani population may have a diverse root canal system in the mandibular molars that ultimately affect endodontic therapy. Keywords: Roots, canals, anatomy, tooth clearing technique, demineralization
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Jabali, Ahmad H. "Middle Mesial and Middle Distal Canals in Mandibular First Molar." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 19, no. 2 (2018): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2242.
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ABSTRACT Background Root canal anatomy is a complex entity. The main objective of root canal treatment is to get rid of the infection and have a good apical and coronal seal with an appropriate filling. Inability to achieve thorough cleaning and shaping followed by three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system usually causes root canal treatment failure. For this reason, clinicians should be aware of these anatomical variations to achieve successful treatment. Aim The aim of this article is to report on the successful treatment and follow-up of mandibular first molar with additional middle mesial (MM) and middle distal (MD) canals. Case report A 29-year-old white male patient reported with a complaint of pain in relation with tooth #19. On clinical examination, diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis and condensing osteitis was made and nonsurgical root canal treatment was planned. Initially, two mesial and two distal canals were located, and the patient was planned for the obturation in the second visit. The complaint of mild persistent symptoms gave a possibility of additional canals. Under the dental operating microscope and selective troughing on the floor of the pulp chamber with ultrasonic tips, additional canals were located as MM and MD canals. Conclusion Leaving some area of the root canal system untreated is found to be one of the main reasons for root canal treatment failure. Dentists should take advantage of new tools, such as dental operating microscope and ultrasonic tips to be able to locate and treat the hidden and unusual anatomy. Clinical significance Mandibular first molar with six canals is very rare to encounter. Clinician should have a thorough knowledge of these unusual anatomy to avoid treatment failure due to incomplete disinfection of the root canal system. Keywords Additional canals, Mandibular first molar, Middle distal, Middle mesial, Root canal morphology. How to cite this article Jabali AH. Middle Mesial and Middle Distal Canals in Mandibular First Molar. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):233-236.
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Zainol Abidin, Z., F. Mohd Zaki, T. Y. Kew, B. S. Goh, and A. Abdullah. "Cochlear nerve canal stenosis and associated semicircular canal abnormalities in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss: a single centre study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 7 (July 2020): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120001334.
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AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between cochlear nerve canal dimensions and semicircular canal abnormalities and to determine the distribution of bony labyrinth anomalies in patients with cochlear nerve canal stenosis.MethodThis was a retrospective study in which high-resolution computed tomography images of paediatric patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss were reviewed. A cochlear nerve canal diameter of 1.5 mm or less in the axial plane was classified as stenotic. Semicircular canals and other bony labyrinth morphology and abnormality were evaluated.ResultsCochlear nerve canal stenosis was detected in 65 out of 265 ears (24 per cent). Of the 65 ears, 17 ears had abnormal semicircular canals (26 per cent). Significant correlation was demonstrated between cochlear nerve canal stenosis and semicircular canal abnormalities (p < 0.01). Incomplete partition type II was the most common accompanying abnormality of cochlear nerve canal stenosis (15 out of 65, 23 per cent).ConclusionCochlear nerve canal stenosis is statistically associated with semicircular canal abnormalities. Whenever a cochlear nerve canal stenosis is present in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss, the semicircular canal should be scrutinised for presence of abnormalities.
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Popovic, Milica, Suzana Zivanovic, Tamara Vucicevic, Miona Grujovic, and Milos Papic. "Cone-beam computed tomography study of tooth root and canal morphology of permanent molars in a Serbian population." Vojnosanitetski pregled 77, no. 5 (2020): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp180322100p.
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Background/Aim. For successful endodontic therapy, it is necessary to know root morphology. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze root canal morphology and root canal length of permanent molars in a Serbian population, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. The study included a total of 305 maxillary molars, and 280 mandibular molars receiving cone-beam computed tomography examination and determined root numbers, canal morphology according to Vertucci classification, and canal lengths. Results were correlated with sex and tooth location in the jaw. Results. The mesiobuccal roots of first maxillary molars showed Vertucci type I in 45.7%, followed by type II in 29% of cases. For the second molar, Vertucci type I was found in 60.5% of cases in mesiobuccal canals. Palatal and distobuccal canals mostly presented Vertucci type I configuration. The mesial roots of mandibular molars had the highest frequency of two canals with Vertucci type IV as the most frequent for the first molar, and Vertucci type II for the second molar. Distal roots most commonly had one canal in both molars. Palatal canal length was the highest in maxillary first molars, with the mean value of 20.62 mm, while in second molars, the highest length value was for the mesiobuccal canal (20.09 mm). In both mandibular molars the mesial root canal was the longest one. Differences were found according to sex and tooth location in the jaw. Conclusion. Mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars had two canals; it was more frequently compared to second molars. Mesial roots of mandibular molars showed same frequency of two canals, and diversity in Vertucci types. Male patients tended to have higher complexity of root canal morphology compared to that of females. CBCT can improve understanding of the root canal morphology.
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Khawaja, Naveen, Suneel Kumar Punjabi, and Munir Ahmed Banglani. "ROOT CANAL MORPHOLOGY;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (April 6, 2017): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1451.
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Morphological features of mandibular 3rd molar are always unpredictable, andshow a discrepancy by way of different individual. Nevertheless, restorative, prosthetic andorthodontic concerns of these mandibular third molars require root canal treatment in turn topreserve functional elements in the jaw. The variation in the root canal anatomy presents clinicalchallenges and difficulties for clinician to undertake endodontic therapy. Therefore it’s veryessential for practitioners must have adequate knowledge of the internal morphology of rootcanal system, use all techniques, equipments is mandatory to treat the entire root canal system.Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Department: Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: February 2014 to March2016. Methodology: Overall 200 patients of mandibular 3rd molar (fully erupted in the jaw)were enrolled with indicative irreversible pulpitis, Were endodontically treated by conventionalmethod using stainless steel hand files, contra-angle small head hand peace by postgraduatetrainee. After opening of access cavity, every canal was positioned radiographically by the handfiles placed within the canals. Results: Among 200 patients of mandibular third molars wereevaluated by conventionally endodontic treatment, Out of 200 patients were found to havea practical errors in the 65 cases and rest of the 135 cases were treated without any errors.Number of canal configuration has found in lower 3rd molar teeth, one canal contained in4(2.0%) teeth, two canals in 33(16.5%) teeth, three canals in 160(80%) teeth and four in 3(1.5%)teeth. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars showed huge anatomic irregularity. Numberof canals has provided by this study to the practitioner with an understanding of the clinicalrecommended for lowers third molars.
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Peiris, Roshan, Uthpala Malwatte, Janak Abayakoon, and Anuradha Wettasinghe. "Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular First Molars in a Sri Lankan Population." Anatomy Research International 2015 (August 13, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/803671.
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The present study was conducted to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars (M1) in a Sri Lankan population. Sample of 529 M1 teeth was used. The number of roots was examined and the lengths of the mesial and distal roots were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Vacuum injection protocol was used to inject China ink into the root canal system, making it transparent. Root canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci’s classification. Presence of furcation canals, position of lateral canals, intercanal communications, level of bifurcation, and convergence of the root canal system were recorded. M1 showed three roots in 4.1% of the sample. Commonest root canal morphology of the mesial root was type IV and the distal root was type I. The level of bifurcation of the root canals was commonly observed in the cervical one-third of the root while convergence was observed in the apical one-third in both roots. Prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars is less than 5%. Mesial root showed the most variable canal morphology. Prevalence of furcation canals was 1.5% while that of middle mesial canals was 0.2%.
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Abdulmazhidov, Khamzat. "Analysis of drainage canal defects and review of canal cleaner designs." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126201002.
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The drainage system elements, namely, the canals, lose their initial design characteristics over time. In general, the canals with unstable profiles are often in the reclamation construction. The problems of unstable profiles of the canals are, primarily, related to the physical and mechanical properties of soils, formation of internal mechanical, as well as chemical and biological processes occurring by the action of natural conditions. Maximum stability is characteristic for canals formed in cohesive organic soils, as well as in various kinds of peat with their thickness considerably exceeding the depth of the canal. With insignificant peat thickness above mineral soils, the stability of the drainage canal slopes will be rather insignificant. Wood peats are the most stable among organic soils. The canals laid in sapropelic soils characterized by the natural flow have rather low stability. That is why, the required stability in wet soils can be achieved by removing the excess moisture. The slopes of the canals made in various clays and loams with their large thickness considerably exceeding the depth of the canal have relatively high stability.
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Sarang Suresh Hotchandani, Priya Rani Harjani, and Feroze Ali Kalhoro. "An unusual case of maxillary permanent 1st molar with two pulp canals with pulp necrosis; diagnosis and endodontic management." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.11.6747.
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The present case report highlights the need to identify variations in root canal anatomy as a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical root canal therapy planning. As clinicians, we need to develop our observational and clinical abilities as well as amend our understanding of the complexities of the canal anatomy. Reports describing the structure of teeth and pulp canals rarely report the presence of two pulp canals in two permanent upper 1st molars. In this case, it describes the nonsurgical root canal therapy of the upper right 1st permanent molar with two pulp canals, which was confirmed by a cone beam.
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Vinay Kumar, Darla Satya Sanyasi, Saila Manisha, Bhargav Kambampati, Vijaykanth Kattamuri, Sivaji Kavuri, and Garapati Harshitha. "Root canal treatment in a maxillary first molar with seven root canals." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2022.006.
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Aberrations in root canal anatomy can often pose challenges during an endodontic treatment. Failure to obturate all the root canals holistically can lead to sure endodontic failure. Thorough knowledge of such root canals together with technicality can aid us surpass the hurdles posed during a root canal treatment. This case report illustrates a root canal therapy performed in a pulpally involved maxillary first molar with seven root canals.
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Mohamadamin, Mustafa, Karam Thiab, Ribwar Khalid, and Khidir Khidir. "Detecting second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars in Erbil citizens: CBCT Retrospective study." Erbil Dental Journal 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/edj.2020.16.
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Background and Objectives: The success of root canal therapy is depending on cleaning and shaping of the root canals. The root canals have complex morphology and wide individual variations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) of maxillary first molars in Erbil population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 101 permanent maxillary first molars were randomly se-lected from Erbil citizens. All teeth were examined for the number of root canals and the pres-ence of second mesiobuccal canal by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Result: The MB2 canal was found in 80.2% (the 95% CI is 72.3% to 87.1%) of the analyzed cas-es (81/101). Conclusion: The second mesiobuccal canal was found in a high percentage of the samples. And it is within normal magnitude in comparison with the common findings in the literature. These results indicate that CBCT is an effective, high-precision diagnostic tool for detecting canals. Keywords: Maxillary first molars, second mesiobuccal canal, cone beam computed tomography, Erbil Citizens.
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Yakushin, Sergei B., Theodore Raphan, Jean A. Büttner-Ennever, Jun-Ichi Suzuki, and Bernard Cohen. "Spatial Properties of Central Vestibular Neurons of Monkeys After Bilateral Lateral Canal Nerve Section." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 3860–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01102.2004.
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Thirty-seven neurons were recorded in the superior vestibular nucleus (SVN) of two cynomolgus monkeys 1–2 yr after bilateral lateral canal nerve section to test whether the central neurons had spatially adapted for the loss of lateral canal input. The absence of lateral canal function was verified with eye movement recordings. The relation of unit activity to the vertical canals was determined by oscillating the animals about a horizontal axis with the head in various orientations relative to the axis of rotation. Animals were also oscillated about a vertical axis while upright or tilted in pitch. In the second test, the vertical canals are maximally activated when the animals are tilted back about −50° from the spatial upright and the lateral canals when the animals are tilted forward about 30°. We reasoned that if central compensation occurred, the head orientation at which the response of the vertical canal-related neurons was maximal should be shifted toward the plane of the lateral canals. No lateral canal-related units were found after nerve section, and vertical canal-related units were found only in SVN not in the rostral medial vestibular nucleus. SVN canal-related units were maximally activated when the head was tilted back at −47 ± 17 and −50 ± 12° (means ± SD) in the two animals, close to the predicted orientation of the vertical canals. This indicated that spatial adaptation of vertical canal-related vestibular neurons had not occurred. There were substantial neck and/or otolith-related inputs activating the vertical canal-related neurons in the nerve-sectioned animals, which could have contributed to oculomotor compensation after nerve section.
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Shrestha, Sandhya, Anu Karmacharya, Ankit Saha, and Meenu Shrestha. "An Observational Study on Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Incisors in a Dental College Hospital." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 10, no. 01 (August 9, 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v10i01.47241.
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INTRODUCTIONAdditional canals are frequent findings in radicular morphology of the mandibular incisors. Finding additional canals and their obturation significantly improve the prognosis of endodontic treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) best visualize all canals and their configurations. The study assessed root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors on CBCT images of the patients. MATERIAL AND METHODSAn observational cross-sectional study was carried during July-October 2021 on 42 CBCT images of the patients visiting Kantipur Dental College and Hospital. The samples were selected using convenience sampling presenting with bilateral mandibular central and lateral incisors. Root canals and their configurations were assessed on 168 teeth. The presence of unilateral or bilateral additional root canal was recorded and chi-square test was used to test its association with gender (p < 0.05). RESULTThe prevalence of additional canal was 27.4% in mandibular incisors. Bilateral symmetrical distribution of extra canal in mandibular central and lateral incisors were 36.3% and 41.6% respectively. There was a significant association between the presence of extra canal and gender in both central incisors (p-value 0.019) and lateral incisors (p-value 0.009). Type I canal configuration was most prevalent (72.6%) followed by Type III (22.6%). CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of double canals in mandibular incisors is 35% in male and 4% in female samples confirming the male predominance. Bilaterally symmetrical occurrence of double canal is evident up to 41%. CBCT evaluation helps in the visualization of missing root canals during endodontic therapy.
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Ahmed, Sageer, Snigdha Shubham, Kriti Shrestha, Vanita Gautam, and Govind Kumar Chaudhary. "FREQUENCY OF SECOND MESIOBUCCAL CANAL IN PERMANENT MAXILLARY SECOND MOLARS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF NEPAL." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1473.
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Background: The success of endodontic treatment relies on the precise identification of root canals followed by cleaning, shaping, and obturating the canals. Mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molar teeth present wide variations with regard to the number and type of root canals. The complexity of the root canal varies widely in different ethnic groups. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2 canal) in maxillary second molar. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa. A total of 100 permanent maxillary second molar undergoing endodontic treatments were studied. After access cavity preparation ultrasonic tips and magnification loupes were used to open the subpulpal groove in a direction from first mesiobuccal (MB1) canal towards the palatal canal to locate the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal. Radiovisiography (RVG) was taken to confirm the presence of MB2 canals. Results: MB2 canals were detected in 52 teeth out of 100 teeth that were studied. It was found that the younger adult (18-35 years) tends to have a higher proportion of MB2 canals (65.6%) as compared to the middle-aged elderly (36-55years) in whom it could be identified only 33.4% of the time. Conclusions: Based on this study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of MB2 canal in mesiobuccal root of the permanent maxillary second molar is high.
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Fabio de Almeida Gomes, Renata Ferreira Pinto Barbosa, Yvelise Aquino Mesquita, Cláudio Maniglia Ferreira, Renata Cordeiro Teixeira, and Luiz Carlos Trévia Morais Correia Viana. "In vitro analysis of the internal anatomy of lower incisors by cone beam computerized tomography." RSBO 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 80–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v14i2.643.
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For the success of endodontic treatment, the knowledge of the internal anatomy becomes essential. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of lower incisor canals in a clinical and tomographic analysis. Material and methods: 148 lower incisors were used, measured, and evaluated through periapical radiograph and computed tomography. Results: in relation to the number of canals, 107 teeth (72.3%) presented a single canal, while 41 teeth (27.7%) presented two canals. Of the 41 teeth presenting 2 canals, 3 teeth presented independent canals (2.03%) and 38 teeth had 2 canals that joined at some point of the canal path (25.67%). Conclusion: The prevalence of two canals in the lower permanent human incisors was 27.7%; of these, 2.03% were independent. The main point of root canal union was at the apical third (20.94%). The most commonly found root canal shape was round in cervical third, flattened in middle third, and round in third apical.
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Gomes, Fabio De Almeida, Renata Ferreira Pinto Barbosa, Yvelise Aquino Mesquita, Cláudio Maniglia Ferreira, Renata Cordeiro Teixeira, and Luiz Carlos Trévia Morais Correia Viana. "In vitro analysis of the internal anatomy of lower incisors by cone beam computerized tomography." RSBO 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v1i2.407.
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For the success of endodontic treatment, the knowledge of the internal anatomy becomes essential. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of lower incisor canals in a clinical and tomographic analysis. Material and methods: 148 lower incisors were used, measured, and evaluated through periapical radiograph and computed tomography. Results: in relation to the number of canals, 107 teeth(72.3%) presented a single canal, while 41 teeth (27.7%) presented two canals. Of the 41 teeth presenting 2 canals, 3 teeth presented independent canals (2.03%) and 38 teeth had 2 canals that joined at some point of the canal path (25.67%). Conclusion: The prevalence of two canals in the lower permanent human incisors was 27.7%; of these, 2.03% were independent. The main point of root canal union was at the apical third (20.94%). The most commonly found root canal shape was round in cervical third, flattened in middle third, and round in third apical.
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Cimpean, Sanda Ileana, Adrian Mihai Varvara, Smaranda Dana Buduru, Ioana Sofia Ciutrila, Mihaela Carmen Hedesiu, Anca Ciurea, and Loredana Adela Colceriu Burtea. "CBCT Evaluation of Changes in Root Canal Geometry Induced by the Chemical Structure of NiTi Alloys of Three Rotary Systems." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.6.8181.
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Preservation of the root canal anatomy is very important for the success of endodontic treatment.Properly instrumentation of curvet root canals is influenced by flexibility of endodontic instruments which depends on composition and thermomechanical treatment of the metallic alloy. The aim of the current study was to compare the changes in root canal geometry after the preparation with two systems that work in reciprocating motion (Reciproc25, Primary Wave One) and another one in continuous rotation (One Shape), using CT measurements. Forty-five canals of extracted molars with curvatures ranging from 9 to 40 degrees were chosen for this study. The canals were divided, according to the canal curvature into three homogeneous groups and were prepared with three different rotary systems: group I with Reciproc file 25.08 (VDW, Munich, Germany), group II with Wave One Primary 25.08 (Dentsply-Maillefer Ballaigues, Switzerland) and group III with One Shape 25.06 (Micro Mega, Bensancon, France).All groups were scanned pre and post instrumentation, using NewTo 3G CBCT (QR, Italy, FOV, 0.16mm voxel size). The following parameters were assessed after measurements on cross-sectional CBCT images: the centering ability, diameter change, canal transportation. All instruments maintain the original canal curvature well, resulting in no significant differences of their centering ability (P]0.05) and canal transportation (P]0.05). The highest increase in diameter of canal was observed with Primary Wave One, which was not statistically significant for the entire canal (P]0.05). Instrumentation with Reciproc was faster than instrumentation with One Shape and Wave One,but the differences were not statistically significant (P]0.05). All systems perform safe and proper canal preparations and can be used in root canal treatment of curved canals.
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Badole, Gautam P., Rakesh N. Bahadure, M. M. Warhadpande, and Rajesh Kubde. "A Rare Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary Second Molar: A Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/767582.
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A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is a prerequisite for the endodontic therapy. The maxillary molars, especially the second molars, have the most complicated root canal system in permanent dentition. There are many variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary molars. Treatment may be unsuccessful because the dentist may fail to recognize the unusual canal configuration. The present paper describes a case of a right maxillary second molar with a canal configuration rarely reported in the literature. The tooth had four roots with four root canals, two individual palatal roots (mesiopalatal and distopalatal) with their own separate canals. The mesiobuccal and distobuccal root had normal anatomy. This paper may intensify the complexity of maxillary molar variation and is intended to reinforce clinician’s awareness of the rare morphology of root canals.
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Lincoln Smith, MP, PMH Hawes, and FJ Duque-Portugal. "Spatial variability in the nekton of a canal estate in southern New South Wales, Australia, and its implications for estuarine management." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 4 (1995): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950715.
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The nekton of a canal development in NSW, Australia, is described. Two sites each were sampled from the main canal and in end canals. The main canal had more species of fish than did the end canals, but the number of individuals was similar between locations. Abundance of particular species showed three patterns: species that were more abundant in either location, species that varied between locations and sites, and species that did not differ significantly in abundance. There was little evidence that the nekton from the end canals, which are presumably less well flushed, was depauperate compared with the main canal. Surveys of nekton in canal estates should incorporate spatial variability at two or more scales so that the effects of these human developments can be assessed properly.
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Septiana, Rina, Hermanto Hermanto, and Suryawan Murtiadi. "Jaringan Drainase Kawasan Sesela Kecamatan Gunung Sari." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 6, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v6i1.147.
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Sesela area is one of the areas in Gunung Sari district, West Lombok. In this Sesela area, there are puddles or floods that disturb the community, especially those in the area of Jati Sela Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the high rainfall, and the existing canal are still able to accommodate the flood discharge or not. In this study began with data collection namely primary data collection and secondary data collection. Then conduct data analysis, namely hydrological analysis and hydraulic analysis. Based on the results of hidrological analysis, the amaount of rain R2th was 86,298 mm and R5th was 108,642 mm. Based on the results of calculations with a 5 year return period (R5th) comparison of the results obtained flood discharge is greatest at Griya Praja Asri canal is equal to 1,872 m³sec⁻¹. While the calculation is based on 11 sections hydraulics existing canals, namely Johar Pelita canal, Griya Praja Asri canal, Pesona Raya 1 canal, Perum Elite Rinjani Asri canal, Pesona Raya 2 canal, Ireng Daye canal, Ireng Lauk 2 canal, Pesona Raya 3 canal, Jati Ireng canal, Ireng Lauk 1 canal, and Pesona Raya 4 canal almost all of them can not accommodate flood discharge, causing water overflow or puddles. To overcome the overflow of water that occurs in the canal, redimensions are carried out so that the canals can function optimally.