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Campbell, Andrew John. "The politics of canal construction : the Ashby Canal, 1781-1804." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27794.
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Between 1781-1804 the residents of a number of parishes in Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Warwickshire found themselves on the receiving end of the promotion and construction of the Ashby Canal. As with most new developments, especially those that have an impact on the landscape, the local inhabitants had to decide whether they supported or opposed it, while outsiders had to consider what gains could be made from any involvement in the project. In this instance those in favour of the waterway won the day and the building process began in 1794. However, this was by no means an end to the negotiations as the canal company had to deal with continual internal disagreements and disputes with landowners over various issues such as damage, route changes and late payments for their land. Using sources which include contemporary newspapers, canal company records, a Parliamentary Act, and the diary of a local constable this thesis provides a micro-study of the complex politics of canal construction. It examines the considerations affecting participation in the process, the numbers of people who were involved, the workings and internal structures of the canal company and the exchanges of opinions within the organisation and between its supporters and opponents. Its findings reveal that the Ashby Canal had a significant and variable effect not only on the residents of the parishes the canal cut through, but also on people who were considered outsiders, such as non-local investors, Members of Parliament and the engineers, contractors and labourers who relocated to gain employment.
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Maurin, Bruno. "Pharmacologie du canal CFTR : développement de molécules activatrices du canal." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV085.
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PHARMACOLOGIE DU CANAL CFTR : SYNTHESE DE NOUVEAUX COMPOSES ACTIVATEURS DE L'EFFLUX DES IONS CHLORURE.Après la découverte dans notre laboratoire d'une nouvelle réaction entre le méthylglyoxal et les α-aminoazahétérocycles aromatiques, une nouvelle famille de modulateurs de l'activité de la protéine CFTR (« Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator ») a été mise en évidence en collaboration avec l'équipe de F. Becq à Poitiers. Les dysfonctionnements de cette protéine transmembranaire résultent de différentes mutations du gène correspondant et sont responsables de plusieurs pathologies dont la mucoviscidose. Les perspectives thérapeutiques de cette maladie grave impliquent l'utilisation et la recherche d'activateurs du canal CFTR.En nous basant sur la structure des composés ayant présenté les meilleurs effets activateurs de la protéine, nous avons conçu et synthétisé une série d'analogues du composé activateur le meilleur mis en évidence précédemment, GPact-11a. Les nouveaux composés préparés sont issus des réactions du méthylglyoxal ou de nouvelles voies de synthèse utilisant des acides aminés. La réactivité de GPact-11a a ensuite été étudiée et exploitée pour préparer des prodrogues potentielles et réaliser la séparation des quatre énantiomères formés lors de la préparation de GPact-11a. Un travail de modélisation des interactions des modulateurs synthétisés avec un modèle de la protéine CFTR construit par homologie de séquences par I. Callebaut, J.-P. Mornon et P. Lehn a également été développé afin de concevoir rationnellement de nouveaux activateurs et de comprendre les effets observésPHARMACOLOGY OF CFTR CHANNEL: SYNTHESIS OF NEW ACTIVATORS OF CHLORIDE ION EFFLUX.After the discovery in our laboratory of a new reaction of methylglyoxal with α-aromatic aminoazaheterocycles, a novel family of CFTR modulators (“Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator”) has been identified in collaboration with the group of F. Becq in Poitiers. The dysfunctions of this transmembranar protein that result from different genetic mutations lead to several pathologies and among them to the genetic disease Cystic Fibrosis. In the search for more efficient CFTR activators from the structure of the best activator GPact-11a identified previously, a series of GPact-11a analogues was designed and synthesised through reaction of adenine derivatives with methylglyoxal or amino acids. The GPact-11a reactivity was also studied and used for the preparation of potential prodrugs and for the separation of the four enantiomers formed in the reaction leading to GPact-11a. Works were also developed to model the interactions between the synthesised derivatives and a CFTR model built through sequence by I. Callebaut, J.-P. Mornon and P. Lehn in order to design more rationally new activators and understand the biological effects
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Madarati, Ahmad A. "Analysis and management of intra-canal fracture of root canal instruments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509729.
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Martin, Morgan. "Observation du canal canal B⁰s → ηc φ avec le détecteur LHCb." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0244.
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L'interférence entre la désintégration du méson B⁰s vers un état final propre de CP, directement ou via le mélange B⁰s- ̄B⁰s, donne lieu à une phase violant CP mesurable φ_{s}, dont la valeur dans le Modèle Standard est φs^{MS}=(-0.0370 ± 0.0006)rad. Cependant, des contributions de Nouvelle Physique peuvent intervenir dans ce processus et modifier la valeur de φs. À l'heure actuelle, la mesure la plus précise de φs est donnée par l'expérience LHCb et la valeur moyenne mondiale est φs^{exp}=(-0.021 ± 0.032)rad, dominée par l'incertitude statistique. Dans ce contexte, l'étude de la désintégration B⁰s→ηcφ est effectuée en utilisant les données de collisions pp correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de ~3.0fb⁻¹, collectées avec le détecteur LHCb avec le Run~1 du LHC. La première observation de la désintégration B⁰s→ηcφ est obtenue, avec le méson ηc reconstruit dans les quatres modes de désintégration p ̄p, K⁺K⁻π⁺π⁻, π⁺π⁻π⁺π⁻ et K⁺K⁻K⁺K⁻ et φ(1020) reconstruit dans le mode K⁺K⁻. La désintégration B⁰s→J/ψφ est utilisée comme canal de normalisation.Le rapport de branchement mesuré est B(B⁰s→ηcφ)=(5.01 ± 0.53 ± 0.27 ± 0.63) x 10⁻⁴, où la première incertitude est statistique, la seconde est systématique et la troisième incertitude est due à la connaissance limitée des rapports d'embranchement externesThe interference between B⁰s meson decay amplitudes to CP final state directly or via mixing gives rise to a measurable CP-violating phase φs, which is predicted to be φs^{MS}=(-0.0370 ± 0.0006)rad in the Standard Model. However, such process may receive contributions from New Physics and change the value of φs. At present, the most precise measurement of φs is given by the LHCb experiment and the world average is φs^{exp}=(-0.021 ± 0.032)rad, with uncertainty still dominated by the statistics.In this context, a study of B⁰s→ηcφ decays is performed using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ~3.0fb⁻¹, collected with the LHCb detector during the Run~1 of the LHC. The observation of the decay B⁰s→ηcφ is reported, where the ηc meson is reconstructed in the p ̄p, K⁺K⁻π⁺π⁻, π⁺π⁻π⁺π⁻ and K⁺K⁻K⁺K⁻ decay modes and the φ(1020) in the K⁺K⁻ decay mode. The decay B⁰s→J/ψφ is used as a normalisation channel.The measured branching fraction is B(B⁰s→ηcφ)=(5.01 ± 0.53 ± 0.27 ± 0.63) x 10⁻⁴, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the external branching fractions
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Jackoby, Joanna C. "Panama: owning the canal." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41395.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.It is rare that Americans wonder about what happened to the Panama Canal after the United States turned it over to Panama in 1999. Since 2000, the Panamanians have been able to transform the canal into a profitable enterprise and successfully revert a good deal of Canal Zone infrastructure to public use through a combination of positive political decision-making, fiscally beneficial economic policies, and constructive management. The United States created the nation of Panama, built and managed the canal, and finally begrudgingly handed over sovereignty. To this extent, Panama's success is our success. Yet there has been surprising little real analysis of the changes in Panama that have resulted from a decade of ownership of the canal and the land surrounding it. It is time to appraise the results so far.
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Gomes, Miguel Ferreira Pereira. "Canal SCADA na Web." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10358.
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Sohraby, Sarah. "Le canal sodium épithélial." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213399.
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Gomes, Miguel Ferreira Pereira. "Canal SCADA na Web." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10358.
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Carmigniani, Rémi. "Canal redresseur de vagues." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1049/document.
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Comment générer des courants à partir des vagues ? En s'inspirant de la nature et particulièrement des pompes à impédance, deux systèmes permettant de pomper avec des vagues sont étudiés : la pompe à résonance et les vagues au dessus d'une plaque submergée. Dans cette étude, l'origine de l'écoulement est reliée au terme de transport de masse des vagues dans la couche de surface. Il correspond à la quantité de masse déplacée par les vagues entre la crête et le creux au cours d'une période. Ce terme peut-être amplifié par des changements de bathymétrie et par résonance. Cela permet de créer des zones d'aspiration et donc de générer un courant. Le problème est modélisé par une simple description linéaire potentielle. Un modèle avec dissipation est aussi présenté afin de prendre en compte les effets de dissipation dus au déferlement et au frottement visqueux. Le modèle est comparé à des expériences et des simulations. Il permet de prédire les fréquences intéressantes et la dynamique globale. Ceci permet de comprendre l'origine d'un phénomène de pompage par vague, mais aussi de dimensionner le système à partir d'une théorie simpleHow to generate currents from water waves? Inspired by nature original way of pumping in the embryonic heart, two wave pumps are studied in the present thesis: the resonance wave pump directly inspired by the Liebau's pump and the waves above a submerged plate pump. The origin of the observed circulation is linked to the wave mass transport term: it corresponds to the amount of mass advected by the waves in the surface layer. The latter is the domain between the crest and the trough of the waves and is a part of the flow that is not always submerged. It is possible to amplify this surface term by resonance and by varying the bathymetry. The latter enables to generate local suction toward the surface layer and leads to mean circulation. The problem is described using a simple potential theory and a dissipative model is proposed to take into account wave dissipation due to friction and wave breaking. The simplified model is compared to experiments and simulations in both cases. It provides a simple framework to predict the pumps behavior: the interesting frequency range and the strength of the flow. It is also a tool for the design of real life applications
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Waltham, Nathan John. "Fish in Artificial Urban Waterways: Ecology, Feeding and Contamination." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365979.
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To maximise opportunities for coastal land with waterfrontage, property developers have claimed natural wetlands (saltmarsh, mangroves) for construction of artificial urban waterway developments in many places. These created habitats differ from nearby shallow estuarine habitats; they lack the macrophytes common in natural estuaries, they receive untreated urban stormwater runoff, and typically comprise a highly ramified network of narrow and deep channels. Few studies of these habitats exist and there is no clear understanding of their ecological value and role as coastal fish habitat. Managers are therefore faced with the challenge of managing existing systems, and of selecting coastal wetland habitats for protection from new waterway developments.
Artificial urban waterways are an obvious feature of the coastal landscape in southeast Queensland, Australia. Because of the extensive network of these systems, many suffer hydraulic problems, and in response, legislation forced property developers to shift waterway design to estuarine lakes with restricted tidal exchange. This hydraulic restriction seemed to solve increases to the tidal compartment imposed with further artificial urban housing waterway developments, however, no consideration has been given to connectivity with downstream waterways for fish. My research demonstrates that these lakes, like open flow through canals, support many of the same fish species of economic importance that occur in natural wetlands and that there is no apparent trapping of fish in lakes. Salinity is lower in lakes because of their tidal restrictions, and while this is only weakly correlated with fish abundance, even in massive lake developments (280 ha surface area), it is the environmental factor that best explains fish assemblages. Recruitment of young fish is also influenced by lake design, with their arrival in lakes slightly delayed behind that in open canals.
Few studies have tested whether the ecological processes supporting fisheries production in artificial urban waterways are different to those in natural habitat. I used stomach content analysis and stable isotopes (carbon and nitrogen) of snub-nosed garfish (Arrhamphus sclerolepis) to examine their nutrition in artificial and natural wetlands. A. sclerolepis in natural wetlands have enriched carbon isotope values (-13.9‰) because they consume large amounts of seagrass during the day and night, and at night also ingest small quantities of crustacean prey. A. sclerolepis in artificial urban waterways have depleted values (-19.1‰) because they consume macroalgae during the night, and switch in the day to terrestrial insects washed from gardens lining the waterways. This means that fish show remarkable plasticity in the new wetland habitat, retaining the same feeding strategy from natural wetlands of bulk herbivory with the inclusion of smaller amounts of animal prey. It also suggests minimal exchange of fish populations between natural and artificial habitats over the period of weeks to months, Mathematical modelling of the carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures of A. sclerolepis and all feasible source mixtures confirmed that this diet switching is part of a feeding strategy requiring multiple food sources in each habitat.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Souhard, Benoît. "Codage conjoint source canal : application à la transmission d'images fixes sur canal ionospérique." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2253.
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Burden, Donald R. "The Whitewater Canal historic corridor guide." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1338879.
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The former Whitewater Canal, built between 1836 and 1847, spanned a distance of seventy-six miles from Lawrenceburg to Hagerstown, Indiana.' Initial construction was financed by Indiana's Mammoth Internal Improvements Act of 1836; a bill that strained the financial resources of the state, forcing it into bankruptcy in the summer of 1839. Canal construction was stopped until 1842, when the state granted the privately organized and financed White Water Valley Canal Company a charter to complete the unfinished portion of the canal between Brookville and Cambridge City.The unwieldy Whitewater River, however, proved too formidable for the fledgling canal company. A series of floods, in conjunction with a costly law suit, forced the White Water Valley Canal Company into receivership in 1855. The company was purchased at auction in 1865 by the Whitewater Valley Railroad Company, a Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway subsidiary. Between 1867 and 1868, the railroad company laid its tracks atop the towpath of the former canal.Today, the state of Indiana owns fourteen miles of former canal channel between Laurel and Brookville, Indiana. The state owned portion is maintained by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, and is operated as the Whitewater Canal State Historic Site. The non-profit Whitewater Valley Railroad Museum runs excursion trains over much of the old towpath between Connersville and Metamora, Indiana. And the Indiana and Ohio short-line railroad operates over the former towpath between Harrison, Ohio and Brookville, Indiana.This paper provides an overview of the Whitewater Canal, a brief history of construction for each half-mile section of the canal between West Harrison and Brookville, and a survey of existing canal vestiges within each of those sections. The maps that accompany the list of construction sections identify the locations of numerous surviving canal structures as well the approximate locations of those structures either demolished or buried.The purpose of this project is to draw attention to an endangered segment of the former Whitewater Canal corridor. Roughly eighteen continuous miles of the old right-of-way between West Harrison and Brookville, Indiana is soon to be abandoned by the Indiana & Ohio Railroad, the current owner of the property. In addition to the picturesque scenery through which the right-of-way meanders, the old transportation route is steeped in the history of the Whitewater Valley and the State of Indiana itself. Ideal for recreational purposes and education, this threatened stretch of former canal corridor deserves attention and preservation.Department of Architecture
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Poet, Mallorie. "Exploration du pore ionique d'un canal de la famille Enac / Degenerines, le canal Fanac." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5709.
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Golstein, Philippe. "Le canal à iodure thyroïdien." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212486.
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Panont, Fernando Sales. "Canal virtual de tempo-real." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/385.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-31Due to the increase of general purpose operational systems support for real-time applications and by the increasing number of network interfaces with multiple communication technologies present in one single computational device, a middleware, with real-time characteristics, was designed and developed. This middleware encapsulates these communication technologies and protocols in order to improve fault tolerance and consequentially comply with deadlines for message transmission through connectivity options supply. Moreover, the Real Time Virtual Channel provides a virtual access point address mechanism, where each address maps a set of real access points from the consumer endpoint. For the translation of these addresses in real access points, name servers, known as Brokers, were also implemented.
Devido ao crescimento de suporte nos sistemas operacionais de propósito geral às aplicações de tempo-real e ao aumento do número de interfaces de rede com múltiplas tecnologias de comunicação em um mesmo dispositivo computacional, um middleware com características de tempo-real foi projetado e desenvolvido. Este middleware encapsula estas tecnologias e protocolos de comunicação de modo a aumentar a tolerância a falhas e, consequentemente, melhorar o cumprimento dos prazos de entrega de mensagens através do fornecimento de alternativas de conectividade. Além disso, Canal Virtual de Tempo-Real provê um mecanismo de endereçamento virtual de pontos de acesso, onde cada endereço faz o mapeamento de um conjunto de pontos de acesso reais da ponta consumidora. Para a tradução destes endereços em pontos de acesso reais, servidores de nomes, conhecidos como Brokers, também foram utilizados.
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Negocios, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas Facultad de. "Merchandising en el canal tradicional." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/272535.
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Freer, Wendy. "Canal boat people, 1840-1970." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10946/.
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This thesis seeks to examine the social and economic standing of the men, women and children who lived and worked on the canal boats of England and Wales during the decline of canal carrying between 1840 and 1970. Its main purpose is to analyse how and why this social group, with its peculiarly anachronistic way of life and work, survived until well into the second half of the twentieth century. It discusses the range of survival strategies open to the group ranging from family, through community, voluntary agencies and the state as providers of welfare, together with the relationship between these agencies. This has involved an investigation of kinship patterns among land-based and boat-based boat families and the relationship between boat people and the rest of society. Of particular concern has been the way in which the boat community emerged as a distinctive and cohesive social group based on occupation rather than class. It has not generally been appreciated that the decline of this industry was very long and, up until the First World War, quite gradual. Thus, opportunities for enterprise and remunerative employment continued for long after the appearance of the steam locomotive. At most times throughout the history of canal carrying, boatmen were able to earn money wages on a par with, or even in excess of those paid to manual workers in other old staple industries. This thesis also shows that the decision to live on board was a matter of regional custom and personal choice and not merely a result of straitened economic circumstances. Furthermore, it appears that the majority of those men who did take their families on board retained a house on land. Nevertheless, those who chose to live on board with their families did so at considerable social cost and thus it emerges that social deprivation and some forms of poverty are not merely a reflection of low pay.
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Robinson, Jonathan Peter. "Imaging of root canal preparation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5293/.
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MicroCT was developed as a tool for assessing the quality of root canal preparation procedures in endodontics. Now debris can be measured in all areas of the canal with an automated calculation of the canal’s isthmus width. Investigations highlighted the biological variation present in the mandibular molar, with debris accumulating in isthmi, lateral canals and protrusions. Canals having an average isthmus width of 120-270μm resulted in 3.5x increase of debris compared to 271-630μm. Enlarging canals with a series of rotary files was shown to statistically significantly decrease debridement compared to a single reciprocating file. Regardless of irrigant or file motion, debris always remained in the canals which may become a source of reinfection, leading to treatment failure. Ultrasonic cleaning was investigated as a potential agent of a more thorough cleaning. A novel hydrogel with similar viscoelastic properties to some biofilms was created, and removal of this from canals was characterised by an initial rapid and unstable removal, followed by slower, constant viscous removal (isthmus) or the detaching of fragments of hydrogel (lateral canal). Ultrasonic cavitation effects were subsequently demonstrated to play a major role in removing biofilm in this model, although the creation of stable bubbles inhibited hydrogel removal.
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López, Taverne Felipe. "Corredor verde : canal San Carlos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116272.
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ArquitectoCreo importante decir algo sobre como sueño la ciudad, una mirada con los principios que he adquirido e internalizado en el transcurso de seis años vividos en esta universidad, que difieren con los principios que se expresan desde otras casas de estudio respecto al espacio público. No se trata necesariamente de una representación del pensamiento académico de esta Facultad, sino de una visión particular, aquilatada, pensada y expresada a través de estos años que decantan en la propuesta que se expondrá en estas páginas. Existen variados indicios de la importancia de hacerse cargo de los problemas que enfrentan las ciudades y su conformación. Uno de ellos, quizás el más importantes en el último tiempo en nuestro país, es la aprobación de la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano, después de casi trece años sin existencia de tal, que en sus considerandos iniciales da cuenta de la complejidad que presentan las ciudades.
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Canetti, Patricia Kunst. "Canal contemporâneo: memórias e perspectivas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18178.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-07This work is a survey of Canal Contemporâneo's fourteen years of memory - www.canalcontemporaneo.art.br - and analyzes this memory and its adjacent concepts to point out the prospects of this experiment / research , which reached a surprising longevity in Brazilian cultural Internet. The rescue of its history and collective memory was done in three chapters which thread runs through the editorial sections, platforms and actions of Canal Contemporâneo. In the first chapter we discuss its origin, the first stimuli, concepts and developments. Since then gathered actions that operate in the field of art, politics and communication, pointing to a perspective of narrative and rereading of contemporary art, with a work on Social Netwok Analysis and Data Visualization. The theoretical basis of this research that only begins is based on the following fields and authors: Data Visualization (Fernanda Viégas, Lev Manovich e Manuel Lima); Taxonomy (Marcia Lei Zeng e Jian Qin); Social Netwok Analysis (Katherine Faust e Stanley Wasserman) and models of Random Graphs (Paul Erdős e Alfréd Rényi), Small-World (Duncan J. Watts e Steven Strogatz), Preferential Attachment (Albert-László Barabási e Réka Albert); History and Sociology of Art (Aby Warburg, Alfred Gell e Bruno Latour). We hope that the new shared experience through this work can contribute to a broader view of collection, archiving and cultural heritage, for public policy of culture in Brazil
Este trabalho faz um levantamento da memória de quatorze anos de existência do Canal Contemporâneo www.canalcontemporaneo.art.br e analisa esta memória e seus conceitos adjacentes para apontar as perspectivas deste experimento/pesquisa, que atingiu uma longevidade surpreendente na Internet cultural brasileira. O resgate de sua história e memória coletiva foi feito em três capítulos cujo fio condutor perpassa as seções editoriais, as plataformas e as ações do Canal Contemporâneo. No primeiro capítulo abordamos a sua origem, os primeiros estímulos, conceitos e desdobramentos. Desde então reuniu ações que operam no campo da arte, da política e da comunicação, que apontam para uma perspectiva de narrativa e releitura da arte contemporânea, com um trabalho de Análise de Redes Sociais e Visualização de Dados. O embasamento teórico desta pesquisa que apenas se inicia se firma nos seguintes campos e autores: Visualizações de Dados (Fernanda Viégas, Lev Manovich e Manuel Lima); Taxonomia (Marcia Lei Zeng e Jian Qin); Análise de Redes Sociais (Katherine Faust e Stanley Wasserman) e dos modelos de Grafos Aleatórios (Paul Erdős e Alfréd Rényi), Small-World (Duncan J. Watts e Steven Strogatz), Preferential Attachment (Albert-László Barabási e Réka Albert); História e Sociologia da Arte (Aby Warburg, Alfred Gell e Bruno Latour). Esperamos que a nova experiência compartilhada através deste trabalho possa contribuir para uma visão mais ampla de acervo, arquivo e patrimônio cultural, para as políticas públicas de cultura no Brasil
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Morgado, Tito. "Variações anatómicas do canal mandibular." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3925.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaO canal mandibular é uma estrutura radiograficamente delimitada por duas margens radiopacas, localizado no osso da mandíbula desde o buraco mandibular até ao buraco mentoniano, que serve de ducto para o nervo alveolar inferior, estrutura de vital importância nos tratamentos efectuados na mandíbula e, se não for correctamente identificada, por levar ao insucesso destes mesmos tratamentos. A sua anatomia padrão pode sofrer algumas alterações consideradas normais entre indivíduos da mesma espécie, mas encontra-se documentado na literatura, variações anatómicas que devem ser observadas atentamente pelo Médico Dentista, tanto a nível da anatomia como da forma, como a presença de canais bifurcados. Estas alterações são difíceis de prever mas a lesão do IAN acarreta problemas tanto para o Médico Dentista como para o paciente. Pretende-se com este trabalho monográfico da exposição do estado da arte existente sobre o IAN, as suas variações e os meios imagiológicos utilizados para a sua observação e análise. Para tal foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura de acesso livre disponível na base de dados da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Após a utilização das seguintes palavras-chave “inferior alveolar nerve”, “mandibular canal” e o marcador boleano “and” para a combinação entre diferentes palavras-chave “mandibular canal and variations”, “third molar and mandibular canal”, “sistemic desiases and mandibular canal”, com restrições temporais entre o ano de 2000 e o de 2013, e sujeitando os artigos encontrados aos critérios de inclusão, foram obtidos 49 artigos. Os resultados demonstram algumas incongruências de concordância, nomeadamente na real sensibilidade da ortopantomografia na observação da correcta relação entre o CM e as estruturas que o rodeiam. The mandibular canal is a structure radiographically opaque bounded by two edges and located in the jaw bone, between the mandibular and mento’s hole. It serves of duct for the inferior alveolar nerve which is a structure of vital importance in treatments carried out in the mandibula and, if not is correctly identified, can lead to treatments failure. Their pattern anatomy undergoes some individual changes considered normal in the same species, but is documented in the literature that abnormal anatomic variations should be observed carefully by the Dentist at both the anatomy and form (eg. presence of bifurcated canals). These changes are difficult to predict but the IAN injury causes problems for both the dentist and the patient. The aim of this monographic work is to do and exhibition of the existing state of art of the IAN, their variations and the means used for is imaging observation and analysis. For this, we conducted a systematic literature in freely accessible database available at the Faculdade de Ciência das Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa. After using the following keywords “inferior alveolar nerve”, “mandibular canal” and the Boolean marker “and” for the different combination of keywords “mandibular canal and variations”, “third molar and mandibular canal”, “systemic desiases and mandibular canal” with temporal constraints between the year 2000 and 2013, and subjecting the articles found with the inclusion criteria were obtained 49 articles. The results show some inconsistencies of agreement, particularly in the real sensitivity of panoramic radiography in the observation of the correct relationship between the CM and the structures surrounding it.
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Cardoso, Mariana Guerreiro Santos Chambel. "Relatório de estágio: canal 180." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7867.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à
obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação – Área de Especialização
em Cinema e TelevisãoO presente relatório de estágio tem como objectivo apresentar uma análise do trabalho realizado entre Setembro e Novembro de 2011, no Canal 180. No decurso do estágio foram aplicados conhecimentos teóricos e práticos adquiridos durante a componente lectiva do Mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação – Especialização em Cinema e Televisão - e foram desenvolvidas capacidades novas na área de produção de televisão.
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Le, Berre Véronique Françoise. "Imagerie normale du canal carpien." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M100.
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García, Maura Outeiral. "Caracterização direccional do canal rádio." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2155.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesA rápida expansão das comunicações sem fios provocou o desenvolvimento de sistemas que tentam manter, simultaneamente, uma alta taxa de transmissão e uma elevada qualidade de serviço. É, portanto, indispensável conhecer o canal rádio, isto é, conseguir uma caracterização do canal rádio o mais precisa e profunda possível. O objectivo desta tese é o estudo e análise do canal rádio. Com esse fim, são estimados os parâmetros do canal utilizando o algoritmo SAGE (Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization) a partir do sinal recebido. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo teórico do canal direccional: fenómenos que o afectam, definições de parâmetros, modelos de propagação e algoritmos de elevada resolução para a estimação dos seus parâmetros, entre outros. Seguidamente, foram levadas a cabo diversas campanhas de medidas em diferentes ambientes (indoor, outdoor e combinação dos dois), com a intenção de analisar o algoritmo SAGE e, assim, caracterizar o canal rádio. Com o propósito de facilitar o processamento e interpretação dos dados, implementaram-se várias ferramentas software. Foi dada atenção especial à representação gráfica da informação, tendo sido estudadas e implementadas várias formas de representação. Por último, depois de uma análise intensiva dos resultados obtidos nos diferentes cenários e ensaios, tanto sintéticos como reais, avaliouse o desempenho do algoritmo SAGE (no domínio do tempo e da frequência).
The wireless communication boom induced the development of systems which, simultaneously, try to keep a high transmission rate and a steep quality of service. Therefore, knowing the radio channel is indispensable, id est, to achieve a characterization of the radio channel in the most precise and deepest way. The objective of this project is the inquest and analysis of the radio channel. With that purpose, the channel parameters are estimated using the SAGE (Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization) algorithm from the signal taken in reception. In the first part of this work, a theoretical study of the directional channel was made: phenomena that influence it, definitions of parameters, propagation models and high resolution algorithms for the estimation of the channel parameters, and others. Later on, several measurement campaigns were made in different environments (indoor, outdoor and combination of both), in order to analyse the SAGE algorithm and, in that manner, characterize the radio channel. With the aim to make easier the processing and interpretation of the information, some software tools were implemented. Special attention has been given to graphical representation of information and several arrangements were studied and implemented. Finally, after an intensive analysis of the results in the different scenarios and trials, both synthetic and real, the performance of the SAGE algorithm was evaluated, in the time and frequency domains.
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Gutiérrez, Hernández Julián Eli. "Drought Indices in Panama Canal." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258961.
Full textAbstract:
Panama has a warm, wet, tropical climate. Unlike countries that are farther from the equator, Panama does not experience seasons marked by changes in temperature. Instead, Panama's seasons are divided into Wet and Dry. The Dry Season generally begins around mid-December, but this may vary by as much 3 to 4 weeks. Around this time, strong northeasterly winds known as "trade winds" begin to blow and little or no rain may fall for many weeks in a row. Daytime air temperatures increase slightly to around 30-31 Celsius (86-88 Fahrenheit), but nighttime temperatures remain around 22-23 Celsius (72-73 Fahrenheit). Relative humidity drops throughout the season, reaching average values as low as 70 percent. The Wet Season usually begins around May 1, but again this may vary by 1 or 2 weeks. May is often one of the wettest months, especially in the Panama Canal area, so the transition from the very dry conditions at the end of the Dry Season to the beginning of Wet Season can be very dramatic. With the arrival of the rain, temperatures cool down a little during the day and the trade winds disappear. Relative humidity rises quickly and may hover around 90 to 100% throughout the Wet Season. Drought forecasts can be an effective tool for mitigating some of the more adverse consequences of drought. The presented thesis compares forecast of drought indices based on seven different models of artificial neural networks model. The analyzed drought indices are SPI and SPEI-ANN Drought forecast, and was derived for the period of 1985-2014 on Panama Canal basin; I've selected seven of sixty-one Hydro-meteorological networks, existing in the Panama Canal basin. The rainfall is 1784 mm per year. The meteorological data were obtained from the PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY, Section of Water Resources, and Panama Canal Authority, Panama. The performance of all the models was compared using ME, MAE, RMSE, NS, and PI. The results of drought indices forecast, explained by the values of seven model performance indices, show, that in Panama Canal has problem with the drought. Even though The Panama is generally seen as a wet country, droughts can cause severe problems. Significant drought conditions are observed in the index based on precipitation and potential evaporation found in this thesis; The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), were used to quantify drought in the Panama Canal basin, Panama Canal, at multiple time scales within the period 1985-2014. The results indicate that drought indices based on different variables show the same major drought events. Drought indices based on precipitation and potential evaporation are more variable in time while drought indices based on discharge. Spatial distribution of meteorological drought is uniform over Panama Canal.
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Bedjaoui, Nadia. "Supervision dynamique d'un canal d'irrigation." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0199.
Full textAbstract:
L'intérêt principal des canaux d'irrigation est d'assurer une bonne distribution de l'eau aux usagers tout en préservant la ressource en eau. L'automatisation des ouvrages de régulation des canaux a largement contribué à l'amélioration de la gestion de l'eau. La commande automatique d'un canal consiste à agir sur l'ouverture et la fermeture des vannes suivant les données issues des différents instruments de mesures placés sur le canal. Le bon déroulement du processus de commande exige que ces mesures soient fiables. En pratique, ces mesures sont souvent entachées de bruits ou encore d'erreurs. Ces erreurs sont généralement l'effet de défauts dans les capteurs ou actionneurs. Il est par conséquent impératif de munir le canal d'un système de supervision permettant de détecter et de localiser ces défauts. Nous développons dès lors une méthodologie de détection et de localisation des défauts dans les canaux d'irrigation. Cette méthodologie s'appuie sur les techniques de réconciliation de données et de diagnostic à base d'observateurs. La première partie est consacrée à l'application de la réconciliation de données sur un site réel du Canal de Gignac. Les canaux d'irrigation étant des systèmes à retards, la deuxième partie de ce travail porte sur l'extension des méthodes de diagnostic à base d'observateurs pour systèmes à retardsThe main objective of irrigation canals is to satisfy the users' demands on water while preserving water resource. Manual for a long time, canals' control is now automatic which improves water management. Canal automatic control consists on manipulating structures according to measurements of sensors. The good unfolding of control process imposes correct measurements. However in practice, measurements are never correct and are usually subject to random noise and errors. These errors are generally instruments faulty effect. Consequently, it seems important to supply a monitoring system which allows fault detection and isolation. The work consists in developing a fault detection and isolation method for irrigation canals. This method is based on data reconciliation and diagnosis based observer. The first section concerns the application of data reconciliation on real data of the canal de Gignac. Irrigation canals are time-delay systems. The second section is about the extension of the diagnosis based observer to time-delay systems
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Bedjaoui, Nadia. "Supervision dynamique d'un canal d'irrigation." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140232.
Full textAbstract:
L'intérêt principal des canaux d'irrigation est d'assurer une bonne distribution de l'eau aux usagers tout en préservant la ressource en eau. L'automatisation des ouvrages de régulation des canaux a largement contribué à l'amélioration de la gestion de l'eau. La commande automatique d'un canal consiste à agir sur l'ouverture et la fermeture des vannes suivant les données issues des différents instruments de mesures placés sur le canal. Le bon déroulement du processus de commande exige que ces mesures soient fiables. En pratique, ces mesures sont souvent entachées de bruits ou encore d'erreurs. Ces erreurs sont généralement l'effet de défauts dans les capteurs ou actionneurs. Il est par conséquent impératif de munir le canal d'un système de supervision permettant de détecter et de localiser ces défauts.Nous développons dès lors une méthodologie de détection et de localisation des défauts dans les canaux d'irrigation. Cette méthodologie s'appuie sur les techniques de réconciliation de données et de diagnostic à base d'observateurs. La première partie est consacrée à l'application de la réconciliation de données sur un site réel du Canal de Gignac. Les canaux d'irrigation étant des systèmes à retards, la deuxième partie de ce travail porte sur l'extension des méthodes de diagnostic à base d'observateurs pour systèmes à retards.
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Benhumea, Martínez Oscar Rai. "Corredor Multimodal Interoceánico: Análisis comparativo del Canal de Panamá y el Canal Interoceánico en México." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104592.
Full textAbstract:
Martínez, Sánchez y Casado (2002 apud Torres, 2017) señalan que durante el Porfiriato se despertó el interés por realizar un Canal Transístmico en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, por tener la mejor ubicación dentro del país y por ser la brecha más estrecha, lo cual concordaba con todos los atributos que se requerían para poder lograr una conexión entre el Océano Pacifico y el Atlántico.
Ortiz (como se cita en Torres, 2017) el éxito del Canal del Istmo de Tehuantepec fue efímero ya que para 1915 se inaugura el Canal de Panamá y la mayoría de la carga comercial atravesaría por el Istmo Panameño, este acontecimiento junto al movimiento revolucionario de 1910 dio fin al ferrocarril Transístmico.
Así como bien lo indican Cunin y Krotz (2012) la región no se desarrolla como resultado de un proyecto concebido de antemano, sino como el resultado de las interacciones entre distintos actores, en las que cada uno busca sus propios intereses.
En miras de buscar la reactivación del Istmo de Tehuantepec el Gobierno de la actual administración hará una inversión de 8,000 millones de pesos, para que la región del sur del país se pueda desarrollar, la inversión se hará en los Estados de Veracruz y Oaxaca, contemplando una modernización y ampliación de los Puertos de Salina Cruz y Coatzacoalcos (Molina, 2018).
China tiene intenciones de invertir en México, así como lo ha hecho con otros países de América Latina y el Caribe, ya que cuenta con los recursos financieros y tecnológicos que México requiere para impulsar dos de los proyectos más ambiciosos de México como lo son, el Tren Maya y el Ferrocarril Transístmico que conecta al Pacifico con el Atlántico (Forbes, 2018).
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De acuerdo a datos de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (2018) Coatzacoalcos no solo es un punto de convergencia para distintas rutas nacionales, sino también lo es para las rutas internacionales, gracias a que tiene un alcance con el corredor Ciudad de México-Puebla y Progreso, y con el corredor vial-ferroviario Transístmico hacia el Puerto de Salina Cruz, ubicado en el Estado de Oaxaca.
Ortiz (1971) dice que de acuerdo al Departamento de Marina de los Estados Unidos, realizar un traslado de mercancías provenientes de Liverpool, Inglaterra a Auckland, Nueva Zelanda tiene una distancia de 14,645 millas náuticas vía el Canal de Suez, de 13,312 millas náuticas por Panamá y a través del Istmo de Tehuantepec solo 4,925 millas náuticas (Torres 2017, p. 131).
Según datos de SCT, (2008) gracias a la posición geográfica con la que cuenta México, el 80% de su comercio exterior se realiza a través de transporte marítimo, ya que los puertos que se ubican en el Océano Pacífico y en el Golfo de México pueden conectar con 535 destinos geográficos ubicados en cualquier parte del mundo, lo cual facilita las exportaciones e importaciones.
De acuerdo a datos de Theurel (2016) con 381 km de largo, se pretende la creación de un gasoducto transoceánico que atravesara 14 municipios de Veracruz, y 13 municipios de Oaxaca, esto formara parte de la infraestructura que tiene como fin, transportar el gas mezclado procedente de Estados Unidos, a su vez también se busca rehabilitar el ferrocarril y la carretera que atraviesa el Istmo, esto con el único fin de hacer más eficiente el traslado de mercancías por el Istmo.
Según los datos publicados por el Instituto Mexicano del Transporte (2018) la carga total transportada por ferrocarril en la región sur sureste del país en 2016 es equivalente a 4.97%, la cual se integra por 11,189 registros que son equivalentes a 6,072,015 toneladas.
Corredor Multimodal Interoceánico: Análisis comparativo del Canal de Panamá y el Canal
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En 1879 empezó la construcción del canal (Panamá) dirigido por Ferdinand de Lesseps, quien también estaba involucrado con el Canal de Suez. La idea era hacer un canal al nivel del mar, como también habían hecho con el Canal de Suez, aunque tuvieron que afrontar el problema de las montañas y las enfermedades (Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, 2018).
De acuerdo a Sacyr (2015) la ampliación del Canal de Panamá representa una de las obras de ingeniería más ambiciosas de la era moderna, la obra es liderada por la empresa española Sacyr, la cual es responsable del diseño y construcción del tercer juego de esclusas, que junto al consorcio internacional Grupo Unidos por el Canal (GUPC) tienen la enorme tarea de llevar acabo el Tercer juego de esclusas, una en el Atlántico y la otra en el Pacífico.
De acuerdo a la Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (2018) el 26 de Junio de 2016 se inauguró un tercer carril para el tránsito por el Canal de Panamá, lo cual significa una mayor competitividad, una mejora en el servicio y se asegura el valor de la ruta marítima a través de Panamá, con la ampliación del canal no solo aumento la dimensión de los carriles, sino también la capacidad de las esclusas para permitir el paso a buques de mayor capacidad.
Ahora las esclusas de Cocolí y Agua Clara son más anchas, más largas y más profundas que las esclusas de Miraflores, Pedro Miguel y Gatún. Por lo tanto, las esclusas neopanamax permiten el paso de buques que almacenan más de 14,000 TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit), en tanto que las esclusas panamax permiten el paso de buques con capacidad de 5,000 TEU (ACP, 2018).
Según datos de la ACP (2019) luego de la ampliación del Canal de Panamá se logró el tránsito número 6,000 del buque neopanamax, de los cuales el 50% pertenece al segmento de portacontenedores, el 26% al segmento de Gas Licuado de Petróleo,
Corredor Multimodal Interoceánico: Análisis comparativo del Canal de Panamá y el Canal
Interoceánico en México
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un 11% al de Gas Licuado Natural y el porcentaje restante pertenece a los buques que transportan gráneles secos y líquidos, porta vehículos y pasajeros.
Dentro del desarrollo del contexto se busca cumplir con el Objetivo General: Analizar los beneficios comerciales que traería la reapertura del Canal del Istmo de Tehuantepec en comparación al Canal de Panamá.
Siendo así que los objetivos específicos son:
-Conocer la viabilidad comercial que traería consigo la reapertura del Canal del Istmo de Tehuantepec.
-Realizar un análisis comparativo del Canal de México y el Canal de Panamá.
Con base al desarrollo del análisis, el tipo de investigación que se eligió es de tipo exploratorio porque de acuerdo a Hernández, Fernández y Baptista (2014) “la meta de este tipo de investigación es someter a un análisis cualquier tipo de fenómeno, contexto o situación de la cual se tenga poco conocimiento y no haya suficiente información”.
Los distintos métodos de los cuales se apoya el análisis ayudaran a comprender el desarrollo que ha tenido una vía interoceánica y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo. Es por eso que se utilizan los métodos, deductivo, inductivo, analítico y sintético para poder entender la situación actual del Istmo de Tehuantepec y la viabilidad comercial que traería consigo al poner en marcha uno de los proyectos que dio estabilidad económica a México durante el Porfiriato.
Para poder comprender cada uno de los puntos citados en el análisis se utilizará un enfoque cualitativo en la investigación, con la recolección de datos se describen situaciones observables y se pueden interpretar fenómenos. La principal característica de este enfoque es darle sentido a las ideas o actos de las personas y al mismo tiempo al mundo que los rodea (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2014).
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Adgé, Michel. "La construction du canal royal de la jonction des mers en Languedoc (Canal du Midi)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30110.
Full textAbstract:
Le présent travail concerne la construction du Canal depuis les origines jusqu'en 1694.Sont étudiés tout d'abord les projets de jonction des Mers depuis l'Antiquité, puis ceux qui ont vu le jour en Bourgogne et en Languedoc aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, la suite de leurs échecs ayant formé l'atmosphère dans laquelle s'est déroulée l'aventure du Canal.Ignorant les légendes, on examine ensuite le milieu intellectuel dans lequel s'est formée l'idée du Canal de Languedoc ; l'aménagement des graus du golfe du Lion et la création du port de Sète ; le cheminement de la commission de 1664 et le devis qui en est résulté.Une deuxième partie traite du déroulement des travaux, de leur exécution et de leur financement, puis des travaux de parachèvement du Canal par Vauban et ses ingénieursThis work deals with the building of the Canal du Midi from the onset to 1694.It first studies the projects of canals joining seas in ancient history, and then those of Burgundy and Languedoc in the 16th and 17th centuries, the failure of which provides the backdrop of the Canal du Midi endeavour.Leaving legends aside, we then explore the intellectual milieu in which the idea of a canal joining the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean through Languedoc was sparked; the engineering of the coastal lagoon passes along the Gulf of Lion and the building of the port of Sète. Finally, we retrace the work of the study committee in 1664 and the resulting cost estimate.The second part of this dissertation deals with the works themselves and their financing, and finally with the finishing work on the canal by Vauban and his engineers
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Zeckoski, Rebecca. "Water quality modeling for the Kennet and Avon Canal, a navigational canal in an inland catchment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226858.
Full textAbstract:
The Kennet and Avon Canal in southern England is experiencing severe water quality problems caused by inorganic sediment and algae. These water quality problems are affecting the angling sport of fishermen downstream of the confluence of the canal with the River Kennet. The Environment Agency has been called upon to remedy these issues, but before proceeding they desire a computer model capable of predicting the water quality impacts of various scenarios under consideration. No such model was available to them. This project identified the key solids generation and transport processes to be included in a water quality model for inland navigational canals. Where available, equations from the literature describing relevant processes were used or modified for inclusion in a canal modeling algorithm. Where literature was not available, water quality samples were taken to characterize needed relationships. The final algorithm was coded and tested using a simplified dataset that allowed clear evaluation of the simulated processes. After successful testing, the canal model was applied to the Kennet and Avon Canal. The time series predicted by the model were compared to observed hydrological, solids, and chlorophyll-a (representing algae) data at multiple points in the canal. The model adequately predicted all of these constituents at the monitored locations. The final task in the project required evaluation of six management scenarios proposed by the Environment Agency to address the water quality problem. The model suggests that filtration or other treatment of water in the canal near the confluence with the river is the best management option, as it will address both the elevated inorganic sediment and algae concentrations at the most critical point in the canal. Less desirable options include efforts that only target inorganic sediment, which could increase algal concentrations by increasing light availability; and diversion of surface flows from the canal, which could possibly damage the hydrologic balance of the canal while encouraging undesirable algal growth.
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Marangoni, Suzana Marcia. "Estudo do canal reverso de alimentos descartados comercialmente no varejo: análise do canal de produtos lácteos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-06122010-144108/.
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Este trabalho refere-se ao estudo de um canal reverso de distribuição de produtos lácteos. O objetivo foi verificar a estrutura do canal reverso de produtos lácteos não comercializados e como ocorre o seu gerenciamento. Entendem-se como produtos não comercializados, alimentos lácteos não vendidos pelos atacadistas e varejistas, cujos prazos de validade ainda não expiraram. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar o design do canal reverso desses alimentos e quais as funções de cada membro participante de seu canal de distribuição; investigar como é feito o gerenciamento em relação à coordenação, às operações comerciais e à logística reversa do canal em foco, além de identificar o portfólio de produtos em questão. A relevância do estudo está na importância crescente dos canais de distribuição, os quais têm se desenvolvido e inovado tanto por meio de seus diferentes formatos, quanto pela agregação de valor aos seus membros, como estratégia competitiva de mercado. Este estudo objetivou conhecer o caminho contrário percorrido pelos produtos em questão no canal de distribuição, então chamado reverso, em referência às movimentações de materiais no sentido inverso ao da cadeia de distribuição. Atualmente no Brasil descartam-se toneladas de produtos alimentares. Sendo assim, por meio desta pesquisa, buscou-se verificar se há uma estrutura reversa gerenciada para o descarte e/ou reaproveitamento de produtos não comercializados. Este trabalho constitui-se em uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, sendo realizado estudo de casos, dentre os quais foram pesquisados uma indústria, três distribuidores, dois atacadistas e seis supermercados. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas em profundidade. O principal resultado identificado neste estudo demonstra que as empresas participantes do canal de distribuição de produtos lácteos não possuem uma estrutura definida para o gerenciamento do canal reverso, ou seja, estas não têm um modelo do caminho contrário percorrido pelos produtos em questão no canal de distribuição, apesar do interesse demonstrado pelas empresas.This work refers to the study of a reverse channel distribution of diary products. The objective was to verify the structure of the reverse channel of diary products which were not commercialized and how their management occurs. It is understood as not commercialized products diary foods which were not commercialized by the wholesalers and retailers and which the validity data has not expired yet. This work tried to identify specifically the reverse channel design of these foods and the function of each participant member of the channel of distribution; to investigate how management is made regarding the coordination, the commercial transactions and logistic channel reverse in focus, and also identify the portfolio of products in question. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance of the distribution channels, which have developed and innovated by means of different formats, as well as for value aggregation to its members, as a competitive market strategy. The objective of this study is to know the contrary path of the products in question in the distribution channel, which is called reverse, in reference to the movements of materials in the inverse direction to the one of the distribution chain. Currently in Brazil tons of alimentary products are disposed. Therefore, by means of this research, the intention is to verify if there is a reverse management structure for the disposal and/or reuse of not commercialized products. This work consists in an exploratory and qualitative research, being carried out through case studies, which researched an industry, three distributors, two wholesalers and six supermarkets. As instruments of data collection the procedure used was in depth interviews. The main result identified in this study was that the participating companies of the distribution channel of diary products do not have a defined structure for managing the reverse channel, that is, there is no model of the contrary path of the products in question in the distribution channel, even though the companies show interest.
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Behboodi, Arash. "Réseaux coopératifs avec incertitude du canal." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765429.
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Dans cette thèse, les réseaux coopératifs sont étudiés sous cette hypothèse que la source est incertain par rapport le canal en opération. Dans le premier chapitre, des stratégies coopératives sont développées pour les canaux à relais simultanés (SRC) lesquelles se composent d'un ensemble de deux canaux à relais parmi lesquels le canal en opération est choisi. Cela est équivalent au canal de diffusion à relais (BRC). Les bornes sur la région de capacité de BRC général sont dérivées. Les résultats de capacité sont obtenus pour les cas particuliers du canal à relais simultané semi-dégradé et dégradé Gaussien. Dans le deuxième chapitre, le canal à relais composite est considéré où le canal est tiré aléatoirement d'un ensemble de la distribution conditionnelle. Le débit est fixé en dépit du canal actuel et la probabilité d'erreur (EP) asymptotique est caractérisée. Une nouvelle stratégie de codage sélectif (SCS) est introduit permettant aux relais de choisir -selon leur mesurage du canal - la meilleur schéma de codage entre Décoder-et-Transmettre (DF) et Comprimer-et-Transmettre (CF). Les théorèmes de codage de réseau bruit généralisées sont démontrés pour le cas de réseau unicast général où les relais utilisent soit DF soit CF. Dans le troisième chapitre, le spectre asymptotique de EP est introduit en tant que nouvelle mesure de performance pour réseaux composites. Il est démontré que chaque code avec le débit hors de la borne cut-set, abouti à EP égal à un et le spectre asymptotique de EP coïncide avec la probabilité d'outage pour les réseaux satisfaisant la converse forte.
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Sarquis, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo. "Canal arterial em recém-nascidos prematuros." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/18043.
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Khan, Ali Akbar. "Bacterial penetration into root canal dentine." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39556918.
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Icart, Sylvie. "Matrices polynomiales et égalisation de canal." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805547.
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Dans ce mémoire, nous nous focaliserons sur un type de matrices particulier : les matrices polynomiales de Laurent, dont les éléments sont des polynômes de Laurent, c'est à dire des polynômes avec des puissances positives et négatives de la variable $z$. Ce type de polynômes ne peut être associé à un filtre causal mais il se rencontre notamment lorsqu'on étudie le spectre de signaux à temps discret en sortie de filtre à réponse impulsionnelle finie. Nous commencerons par présenter les propriétés des polynômes de Laurent, puis des matrices polynomiales de Laurent. Nous définirons notamment la L-forme de Smith qui est une extension de la forme de Smith classique, et donnerons une définition précise du degré et l'ordre de ces matrices (notions parfois confondues dans la littérature). Nous étudierons plus particulièrement les matrices para-hermitiennes et para-unitaires qui sont des matrices respectivement égales à leur matrice para-conjuguée ou dont l'inverse est égale à la para-conjuguée. Nous nous attacherons à développer leurs propriétés particulières en terme de degré notamment, et de factorisation. Lors de l'étude des systèmes et en traitement du signal, de nombreuses factorisations de matrices à coefficients constants interviennent: factorisations QR (à l'aide d'une matrice orthogonale et d'une matrice triangulaire), LU (à l'aide de deux matrices triangulaires: une inférieure et une supérieure), SVD (décompositions en valeurs singulières à l'aide de deux matrices unitaires), EVD (décompositions en valeurs propres-vecteurs propres). En particulier, le théorème spectral montre que toute matrice hermitienne est diagonalisable à l'aide d'une matrice unitaire, c'est-à-dire que les matrices intervenant dans l'EVD sont des matrices unitaires. La factorisation de Cholesky d'une matrice hermitienne définie positive se fait quant à elle à l'aide d'une matrice triangulaire et de sa transposée conjuguée. Ces factorisations ne peuvent pas s'étendre simplement aux matrices polynomiales car les coefficients de ces matrices n'appartiennent pas à un corps mais à un anneau (celui des polynômes de Laurent). De plus, certaines propriétés, comme par exemple la positivité, ne peuvent s'entendre que sur le cercle unité. Nous montrerons que dans le cas général, une décomposition EVD dont tous les termes sont polynomiaux pour une matrice para-hermitienne définie positive sur le cercle unité n'existe pas, mais qu'on peut presque-diagonaliser ces matrices à l'aide de matrices para-unitaires continues sur le cercle unité. Enfin, nous montrerons quel rôle jouent les factorisations des matrices para-unitaires dans l'égalisation aveugle de systèmes convolutifs multivariables.
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Millette, Denis. "Reclamation of canal seepage affected land." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59411.
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Deep interceptor drains are commonly used to control canal seepage in southern Alberta, Canada. Recently, shallow grid drainage was introduced. A study was initiated in 1987 to assess the effectiveness of grid drainage to intercept canal and natural groundwater seepage and reclaim the resulting saline affected land.Using a groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, it was found that a single deep interceptor drain would have failed to intercept all canal seepage and maintain the water table downslope of the canal below the 1.0 m design water table depth. Conversely, simulations indicated that with a grid drainage system, all canal and natural groundwater seepage would be intercepted and the water table would remain below the design water table depth, with or without irrigation recharge that would maintain a steady state salt balance.
The benefits of fall irrigation were demonstrated using three test plots near the canal.
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Songer, Jocelyn Evelyn. "Superior semicircular canal dehiscence : auditory mechanisms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36165.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2006.Includes bibliographical references.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome is a recently defined clinical disorder in which patients present to the clinic with vestibular symptoms, auditory symptoms, or both. Understanding the effect of SCD, a hole in the bony superior canal, on hearing will broaden our understanding of the mechanics of the inner ear and lead to better diagnosis and treatment of SCD syndrome. We evaluate the effect of SCD on cochlear responses to both air- and bone- conducted sound. In chinchilla SCD produces reversible changes in cochlear potential: an increased sensitivity to bone-conducted sound and a decreased sensitivity to air-conducted sound. Such differences in air- and bone-conducted sound (air-bone gaps) are typically associated with a conductive hearing loss due to middle-ear pathology; however, a SCD is an inner-ear pathology. We hypothesize that the SCD acts as a 'third window' into the inner ear, shunting volume velocity away from the cochlea and through the dehiscent canal, altering cochlear responses to sound. To qualitatively evaluate this hypothesis we measured sound-induced fluid motion within the SCD as well as the effect of SCD on sound-induced stapes velocity and middle-ear input admittance.
(cont.) Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the SCD introduces a low-impedance shunt pathway. To quantitatively evaluate the third-window hypothesis we developed an anatomically and physiologically constrained lumped-element mechano-acoustic model that predicts the effect of SCD on cochlear responses. Our model also predicts the effect of anatomical variations, such as dehiscence size and location, on auditory sensitivity. This work demonstrates that an air-bone gap can be caused by pathological changes in inner-ear mechanics. Additionally, our model provides a framework that will be of direct clinical benefit in understanding the variable effects of SCD among patients.
by Jocelyn E. Songer.
Ph.D.
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Pereira, Rodrigo Berçot Chabudet. "No ar : TV Brasil – Canal Integración." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2236.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2006.Submitted by Kathryn Cardim Araujo (kathryn.cardim@gmail.com) on 2009-11-20T12:30:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Rodrigo Berçot Chabudet Pereira.pdf: 979220 bytes, checksum: 72a062b2cc3b859022c7fe3cd2ca61ca (MD5)
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A TV Brasil - Canal Integración é a televisão pública internacional do Estado brasileiro. Sua missão é ser um agente de fomento da integração da América do Sul. Junto com a Telesur, uma iniciativa multinacional liderada pela Venezuela, a TV Brasil surge de uma necessidade dos países de se integrarem para fortalecer o processo de desenvolvimento regional. Procurase o fortalecimento da região frente ao mercado internacional, dentro de um paradigma de desenvolvimento ambiental e socialmente sustentável. A função da TV Brasil é de suavizar a transformação social necessária ao desenvolvimento, por meio da integração. A emissora se insere em um mercado televisivo dominado por poucos grupos midiáticos comerciais de grande porte, e com a presença de produções estrangeiras, especialmente dos EUA, nas grades das principais emissoras da América do Sul. Dentro deste contexto, a viabilidade da TV Brasil está relacionada com sua capacidade de fortalecer três aspectos determinantes: sua continuidade, sua credibilidade e o interesse da audiência. Para isso, são apontados sete caminhos: a autonomia, a busca pela diversidade, a inovação, a busca pelo desenvolvimento da audiência, a localidade, a gestão pró-ativa e o foco no cidadão. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
TV Brasil – Canal Integración is the international public television of the Brazilian State. Its mission is to serve as an agent to foster the integration of South America. Along with Telesur, a multinational television network headed by Venezuela, TV Brasil was born of the need of South American countries for integration, in order to fortify their regional development process. The objective is to make the region more competitive in the international market, following a development paradigm that is both environmentally and socially sustainable. The role of TV Brasil is to ease, through integration, the social transformation necessary for this development. The company is immersed in a regional television market that is controlled by a few large media conglomerates, and that shows a strong presence of foreign productions, especially those from the USA, in the programming of the main TV networks of South America. Within this context, the feasibility of the “TV Brasil” project is directly related to its capacity to strengthen three determining aspects: maintenance, credibility, and interest. In order to meet these needs, seven directions have been pointed out: autonomy; search for diversity; innovation; search for the audience; location; management proactivity; and citizen-focused service.
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Humbert, Cyril. "Simulation du canal de propagation indoor." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0209.
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La connaissance du canal de propagation et de ses effets est un préalable indispensable pour le déploiement des systèmes de communication sans fil à haut-débit à l'intérieur des bâtiments. Elle peut être recherchée par deux voies complémentaires : des mesures et des simulations. Le présent travail se place dans cette seconde approche et a consisté en la réalisation d'un simulateur utilisant l'approximation haute-fréquence dérivée de l'optique géométrique. Dans une première partie, on examine les processus physiques pertinents et leur prise en compte en respectant un compromis entre précision de calcul et possibilités informatiques. L'implémentation informatique retenue est alors brièvement décrite. Une campagne de mesures (à 2,4 GHz) a pu être réalisée en septembre 2002. Après une description du dispositif de mesures, on présente dans un dernier chapitre une comparaison détaillée des mesures et des simulations correspondant à quelques configurations expérimentalesA good knowledge of the propagation channel and its effects is a prerequisite before deploying indoor high bit-rate wireless communication systems. Two complementary approaches can be used : measurements and simulations. The present work proceeds from the second approach. It consists in developing a simulation software based on the high-frequency approximation derived from optics. In the first part, we show how to take into account the pertinent physical phenomena, with respect to the precision of the simulations and the computational task. The adopted implementation is then brieffly described. Measurement experiments (at 2. 4 GHz) have been carried out in September 2002. Following a description of the experimental setup, we present in the last chapter a detailed comparison between measurements and simulations for a few experimental configurations
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SOUQUET, JEAN-RENE. "Le syndrome du canal de Guyon." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31210.
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Zahir, Azami Seyed Bahram. "Codage conjoint source / canal protection hiérarchique." Paris, ENST, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENST0007.
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Le codage de source est sensé réduire la redondance d'un signal, afin de diminuer la quantité de données. D'autre part, le codage de canal rajoute de la redondance au signal pour le rendre plus robuste vis-à-vis des erreurs de transmission. Comme ces deux schémas de codage agissent de manière contraire sur la redondance, on peut se demander si en faisant les deux actions conjointement, on pourrait en tirer profits. Dans cette thèse, on se penche donc sur le problème de codage conjoint de source et de canal. La motivation principale pour effectuer cette étude est que, malgré son optimalité prouvée, le codage sépare n'est pas nécessairement la meilleure solution, en terme de simplicité. Considérons l'exemple d'un roman en format ascii comportant une certaine de pages. Si l'on transmet ce roman sur un canal et que le canal ne change que quelques octets, en principe, le lecteur sera capable de le déchiffrer, malgré les quelques fautes. Considérons maintenant le cas où le roman est comprime grâce à un codeur de lempel-ziv ou huffman. Dans ce cas, après passage sur le même canal, le roman sera totalement illisible après le décodage. Autrement dit, le codage source rend le signal plus vulnérable vis-à-vis du bruit du canal. Dans cette étude, on divise le problème en trois parties que l'on résout séparément : le premier problème est celui de l'optimisation de la procédure de décomposition binaire ; le deuxième problème est celui de la conception d'un codeur avec entrée binaire mais sortie souple, optimise conjointement pour la source et le canal et le troisième problème consiste à fusionner les résultats des deux problèmes précédents. On attribue aux différents bits de la décomposition, différents codeurs, selon la contribution de chaque bit dans la distorsion totale.
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Guiomar, Fernando Pedro Pereira. "Pós-compensação digital do canal óptico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2151.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesO contínuo aumento do tráfego de informação nas redes de telecomunicações tem levado a capacidade da fibra ao seu limite. Em sistemas DWDM com um curto espaçamento entre canais, o aumento das taxas de transmissão por canal obriga à reformulação do modo como é transmitida e detectada a informação. Novos formatos de modulação avançados tendem a ser adoptados em conjunto com a detecção coerente do sinal, por oposição aos actuais sistemas de modulação em intensidade e detecção directa. Aproveitando toda a informação do campo eléctrico do sinal, providenciada pela detecção coerente, novos métodos de pós-compensação digital das distorções do canal óptico podem ser aplicados. Nesta tese é estudado em detalhe um método de pós-compensação digital baseado na inversão da equação não-linear de Schrödinger, que através da propagação inversa do sinal recebido ao longo de uma fibra virtual permite estimar o sinal inicialmente transmitido. É demonstrado que este método permite a compensação conjunta dos efeitos lineares e não-linear na fibra. Foi desenvolvido um ambiente de simulação em MATLABr para permitir analisar o comportamento do método de propagação inversa em sistemas de transmissão ópticos com diferentes condições de teste. São identificadas e avaliadas as principais fontes de erro do método e estimado o seu impacto num sistema de transmissão real. São apresentadas ainda algumas heurísticas para adopção de parâmetros de compensação que optimizem o compromisso entre desempenho e esforço computacional da compensação digital.
The continuous increase of data traffic in telecommunications networks has led fiber capacity to its limit. In DWDM systems with a short channel spacing, the increase in transmission rates per channel requires the reformulation of how the information is transmitted and detected. New advanced modulation formats tend to be adopted in conjunction with signal's coherent detection, as opposed to current systems using intensity modulation and direct detection. Taking all the signal's electric field information, provided by coherent detection, new methods can be applied for impairment digital post-compensation in the optical channel. This thesis studied in detail a digital post-compensation method based on the inversion of Schrödinger’s nonlinear equation, which by the inverse propagation of the received signal over a virtual fiber allows to estimate the originally transmitted signal. We proved that this method allows for the joint compensation of linear and nonlinear impairments in fiber. We developed a simulation environment in MATLABr to allow behavior analyzing of the backpropagation's method on optical transmission systems with different test conditions. We identified and evaluated the main error sources of the method and estimated its impact on a real transmission system. We also present some heuristics for the adoption of compensation parameters that optimize the compromise between performance and computational requirements of digital compensation.
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Siala, Mohamed. "Codage pour le canal d'enregistrement magnétique /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35776874x.
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Gay-Bellile, Olivier. "Architecture programmable pour le décodage canal /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37101038f.
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Thongsin, Amonthep. "The Kra Canal and Thai security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FThongsin.pdf.
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Heard, Fiona Margaret. "Preparation techniques in root canal therapy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4657.
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Akhand, Md Nurul Alam. "A canal irrigation water allocation model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185910.
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A water allocation model was developed to assist with allocation of canal water to competing crop irrigation demands. Multi-period linear programming was utilized to optimally allocate water in both time and space to maximize benefits for an irrigated farm. Irrigation scheduling, crop response and canal water delivery models were used to support the water allocation decisions. The irrigation scheduling model supplied information on crop evapotranspiration and soil water storage. The crop response model predicted crop yield in response to the irrigation water applications. The canal delivery model checked the feasibility of supplying the allocation quantities through the control structures and turnouts. The allocation model was evaluated by tests of water allocation for the University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center demonstration farm. In crop scenarios which emphasized cotton production, the model recommended deficit irrigation for the barley, cotton, grapes and wheat fields during periods when the quantity of irrigation water demanded was greater than that supplied. Analysis of the effects of changes in water cost and crop returns showed the basis of the solution remained unchanged for a wide range of data. The basis was, however, found to be unstable with very limited water supplies. In addition to serving as a planning tool, the allocation model could be used as a real time management tool. It is believed to have broad applicability to other irrigation projects in other areas with characteristics similar to Arizona test conditions.
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Melo, Samuel Teles de. "A ampliação do Canal do Panamá." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107455.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-econômico, Programa de Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais, Florianópolis, 2013Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-06T00:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 320189.pdf: 3359295 bytes, checksum: f008bd6e150472bb7cb4409ddb9b09a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Abstract: The Panama Canal is located in Central America in the Republic of Panama. Its strategic location allows connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through an isthmus of 83 km long and 26 meters high. Due to the extremely natural complexity, its construction has become a major engineering challenge, the first French attempt failed between 1881-1889 and was completed by the U.S. military in the period 1904-1914. Meanwhile, Panama became an independent country - with direct U.S. aid - and subsequently signed an international treaty with the United States for the construction, administration and sovereignty of the Canal Zone by the Americans. Given the expansion of international trade after World War II the traffic capacity of the Canal has become a limiting factor for the passage of larger vessels. Furthermore, the internal problems associated growing disinterest on the American Canal led to a renegotiation of the treaty with the USA. Thus, in 1977 both countries signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaty whose goal was a gradual transition from 20 years to the full Panamanian control and management over the sovereignty of the Canal. Within this period of transition (1979-1999), the U.S. overthrew dictator Noriega in 1989 under the fear of the weakening of the bilateral relations between the countries as well as ensuring free flow of trade at the Canal. Thus, the process of democratization started in the 1990s provided the input Foreign Direct Investment, privatization and modernization for the Panamanian Port Sector. With the end of the transition period and the Canal Zone in 1999, the newly created agency ACP acquired administrative autonomy and now manages the Canal as a public entity with a focus on providing quality services which consequently became in a financial surplus entity. Therefore, the Canal?s duplication project was approved in a national referendum in 2006 and the construction work began in 2008. With the duplication it is expected to strengthen the flow of trade between the Americas and Asia, mainly from USA, China, Japan, Korea and Chile. Similarly, there is an opening up prospects for advancement Brazilian trade due to transport infrastructure projects by the Brazilian federal government to strengthen the use of ports in the North and Northeast of Brazil.
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Sant'Anna, Junior Arnaldo [UNESP]. "Avaliação do preenchimento de canais laterais simulados proporcionais pela guta-percha e Resilon empregando diferentes técnicas de obturação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104181.
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santannajunior_a_dr_arafo.pdf: 417737 bytes, checksum: 315a69e964ad6046c2646a8d4a3142df (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de preenchimento de canais laterais simulados pela guta-percha e Resilon, empregando diferentes técnicas termoplastificadoras de obturação: Condensação Vertical Aquecida (CVA), Compactação Termomecânica (CT) e Sistema Obtura II (SO). Foram utilizados 135 dentes humanos unirradiculados extraídos. Após preparo biomecânico, foram confeccionados seis canais laterais simulados em suas raízes, de acordo com a técnica proposta por Venturi et al. (2005). O diâmetro desses canais foi correspondente aos instrumentos # 08 e 10, sendo estabelecidos a 2, 5 e 8 mm do comprimento de trabalho (CT). Os espécimes foram divididos em 9 grupos (n=15), sendo: Grupo I (CVA + guta-percha Dentsply), Grupo II (CVA + Resilon), Grupo III (CVA + guta-percha Odous), Grupo IV (CT + guta-percha Dentsply), Grupo V (CT + Resilon), Grupo VI (CT + guta-percha Odous), Grupo VII (SO + guta-percha Obtura Flow 150), Grupo VIII (SO + Resilon) e Grupo IX (SO + guta-percha Odous Flow). Após a realização das obturações, os espécimes foram analisados pelos métodos radiográfico e diafanização, em função do percentual de preenchimento nos canais laterais, nos três terços. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com 5% de nível de significância, de acordo com avaliações específicas intra-grupos: CVA (Grupos I, II e III), CTH (Grupos IV, V e VI), SO (Grupos VII, VIII e IX) e Resilon (Grupos II, V e VIII). As avaliações CVA e CTH mostraram que o Resilon apresentou maior capacidade de preenchimento nas duas análises, em relação aos demais materiais, nos terços apical e médio (p<0,05). Quanto à avaliação SO, todos os materiais apresentaram boa capacidade de preenchimento dos canais laterais em todos os terços, com exceção do terço cervical onde o Resilon foi...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of gutta-percha and Resilon to fill simulated canals using different thermoplastic obturation techniques: Warm Vertical Compaction (CVA), Thermomechanical Compaction (CTE) and Obtura II System (SO). It was used 135 extracted human teeth uniradicular. After biomechanical preparation, six simulated lateral canals were prepared in the roots, according to the technique proposed by Venturi et al. (2005). The diameter of these canals was equivalent to # 08 and 10 instruments and are set at 2, 5 and 8 mm to working length (WL). The specimens were divided into nine groups (n=15), as follow: Group I (CVA + gutta-percha Denstply), Group II (CVA + Resilon), Group III (CVA + gutta-percha Odous), Group IV (CTE + gutta-percha Dentsply), Group V (CTE + Resilon), Group VI (CTE + gutta-percha Odous), Group VII (SO + gutta-percha Obtura Flow 150), Group VIII (SO + Resilon) and Group IX (SO + gutta-percha Odous Flow). After the obturation, the samples were analyzed by radiographic and clearing methods, according to percentage of filling the lateral canals, in the three thirds. The result were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level, according to specific intra-group evaluations: CVA (Groups I, II and III), CTH (Groups IV, V and VI), SO (Groups VII, VIII and IX) and Resilon (Groups II, V and VIII). CVA and CTH assessments showed that the Resilon has great ability to fill lateral canals in the two tests, compared to the other materials, in the apical and middle thirds (p < 0.05). As for SO evaluation, all materials showed good filling capacity of the lateral canals in all thirds, except in the cervical third where Resilon was better by radiographic analysis (extension and area) and in the cervical and middle thirds for clearing analysis (extension)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Zheng, Shuo. "Prise en compte des contraintes de canal dans les schémas de codage vidéo conjoint du source-canal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT005/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les schémas de Codage Vidéo Linéaire (CVL) inspirés de SoftCast ont émergé dans la dernière décennie comme une alternative aux schémas de codage vidéo classiques. Ces schémas de codage source-canal conjoint exploitent des résultats théoriques montrant qu’une transmission (quasi-)analogique est plus performante dans des situations de multicast que des schémas numériques lorsque les rapports signal-à-bruit des canaux (C-SNR) diffèrent d’un récepteur à l’autre. Dans ce contexte, les schémas de CVL permettent d’obtenir une qualité de vidéo décodée proportionnelle au C-SNR du récepteur.Une première contribution de cette thèse concerne l’optimisation de la matrice de précodage de canal pour une transmission de type OFDM de flux générés par un CVL lorsque les contraintes de puissance diffèrent d’un sous-canal à l’autre. Ce type de contrainte apparait en sur des canaux DSL, ou dans des dispositifs de transmission sur courant porteur en ligne (CPL). Cette thèse propose une solution optimale à ce problème de type multi-level water filling et nécessitant la solution d’un problème de type Structured Hermitian Inverse Eigenvalue. Trois algorithmes sous-optimaux de complexité réduite sont également proposés. Des nombreux résultats de simulation montrent que les algorithmes sous-optimaux ont des performances très proches de l’optimum et réduisent significativement le temps de codage. Le calcul de la matrice de précodage dans une situation de multicast est également abordé. Une seconde contribution principale consiste en la réduction de l’impact du bruit impulsif dans les CVL. Le problème de correction du bruit impulsif est formulé comme un problème d’estimation d’un vecteur creux. Un algorithme de type Fast Bayesian Matching Pursuit (FBMP) est adapté au contexte CVL. Cette approche nécessite de réserver des sous-canaux pour la correction du bruit impulsif, entrainant une diminution de la qualité vidéo en l'absence de bruit impulsif. Un modèle phénoménologique (MP) est proposé pour décrire l’erreur résiduelle après correction du bruit impulsif. Ce modèle permet de d’optimiser le nombre de sous-canaux à réserver en fonction des caractéristiques du bruit impulsif. Les résultats de simulation montrent que le schéma proposé améliore considérablement les performances lorsque le flux CVL est transmis sur un canal sujet à du bruit impulsifSoftCast based Linear Video Coding (LVC) schemes have been emerged in the last decade as a quasi analog joint-source-channel alternative to classical video coding schemes. Theoretical analyses have shown that analog coding is better than digital coding in a multicast scenario when the channel signal-to-noise ratios (C-SNR) differ among receivers. LVC schemes provide in such context a decoded video quality at different receivers proportional to their C-SNR.This thesis considers first the channel precoding and decoding matrix design problem for LVC schemes under a per-subchannel power constraint. Such constraint is found, e.g., on Power Line Telecommunication (PLT) channels and is similar to per-antenna power constraints in multi-antenna transmission system. An optimal design approach is proposed, involving a multi-level water filling algorithm and the solution of a structured Hermitian Inverse Eigenvalue problem. Three lower-complexity alternative suboptimal algorithms are also proposed. Extensive experiments show that the suboptimal algorithms perform closely to the optimal one and can reduce significantly the complexity. The precoding matrix design in multicast situations also has been considered.A second main contribution consists in an impulse noise mitigation approach for LVC schemes. Impulse noise identification and correction can be formulated as a sparse vector recovery problem. A Fast Bayesian Matching Pursuit (FBMP) algorithm is adapted to LVC schemes. Subchannels provisioning for impulse noise mitigation is necessary, leading to a nominal video quality decrease in absence of impulse noise. A phenomenological model (PM) is proposed to describe the impulse noise correction residual. Using the PM model, an algorithm to evaluate the optimal number of subchannels to provision is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the video quality when transmitted over channels prone to impulse noise