Journal articles: 'Canada and Australia'

1

Mann, Jatinder. "'Introduction'." Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52230/tfdj9622.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim and scope of the Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies (JACANZS) is to publish articles in various disciplines (history, politics, literature, law, anthropology, and Indigenous studies) on one or more of the following countries: Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand, with a core focus on articles that are comparative in their geographic remit, for example Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, or Australia and Canada. The creation of the journal responds to a lack of journals that collectively publish across the fields of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand studies from multi and interdisciplinary perspectives. It also followed the creation of the Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand Studies Network (ACNZSN) to reflect the work and membership of the network.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mann, Jatinder. "Introduction." Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52230/vqgx5133.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim and scope of the Journal of Australian, Canadian and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies (JACANZS) is to publish articles in various disciplines (history, politics, literature, law, anthropology, and Indigenous studies) on one or more of the following countries; Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand, with a core focus on articles that are comparative in their geographic remit for example Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, or Australia and Canada. The creation of the journal responds to a lack of journals that collectively publish across the fields of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand studies from multi and interdisciplinary perspectives. It also followed the creation of the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand Studies Network (ACNZSN) to reflect the work and membership of the network.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mann, Jatinder. "'Introduction'." Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies 2 (September 21, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.52230/ivum3385.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim and scope of the Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies (JACANZS) is to publish articles in various disciplines (history, politics, literature, law, anthropology, and Indigenous studies) on one or more of the following countries: Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand, with a core focus on articles that are comparative in their geographic remit, for example Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, or Australia and Canada. The creation of the journal responds to a lack of journals that collectively publish across the fields of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand studies from multi and interdisciplinary perspectives. It also followed the creation of the Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand Studies Network (ACNZSN) to reflect the work and membership of the network.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Krever, Richard, and Kerrie Sadiq. "Non-Residents and Capital Gains Tax in Australia." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 67, no. 1 (April 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.1.krever.

Full text

Abstract:

The evolution of capital gains taxation in Australia parallels that in Canada in many respects. Federal income taxes were adopted in both countries during the First World War, and in both jurisdictions the courts interpreted the term "income," the subject of taxation, using United Kingdom judicial concepts that excluded capital gains from the tax base. In the last quarter of the 20th century, both countries amended their income tax laws to capture capital gains, and in both countries concessional rates apply. Initially, the Australian capital gains tax regime had rules that paralleled those in Canada in respect of the application of capital gains tax measures to non-residents, and the list of assets that might generate a capital gains tax liability for non-residents was similar in both countries. Australia changed course just over a decade ago with a decision to limit the income tax liability of non-residents in respect of capital gains to gains on land and land-rich companies alone, albeit with an extended definition of land to capture directly related interests such as exploration and mining rights. Consequently, until this decade, reform of Australia's regime imposing capital gains tax on non-residents focused on the concept of source as a primary driver, with the categories of taxable assets being gradually reduced. However, after more than a decade of unprecedented increases in housing prices in Australia, reform has moved away from addressing source to integrity matters. In Australia, as in Canada, there has been considerable investment in property, particularly residential property, by non-residents in recent years, and the government has sought ways to enhance the enforcement and integrity of the capital gains tax rules applying to non-residents disposing of Australian real property. Since 2013, Australia has proposed three separate measures to ensure integrity within this regime: removal of a concessional rate, introduction of a withholding tax, and removal of the principal residence exemption for non-residents. This article considers the history and development of Australia's capital gains tax regime as it applies to non-residents and examines the recent shift in focus from what is captured in the capital gains source rules to integrity provisions adopted to achieve both compliance and geopolitical objectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Driscoll, Beth, and DeNel Rehberg Sedo. "The transnational reception of bestselling books between Canada and Australia." Global Media and Communication 16, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766520921910.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the circulation and reception of six bestsellers between Canada and Australia (2005–2014). We ask which contemporary bestselling books travel between Canada and Australia, how and by whom these books are mediated, and how they are received by readers. Through content analysis of Canadian and Australian print media mentions and online reader reviews (n = 4407), we find variation in reception of bestsellers, influenced by genre and author profile. Bestsellers’ national origins are usually disregarded by media and reader reviews.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Czarkowski, Wiktor Maria, Dominika Agnieszka Kmita, and Marcin Janecki. "The palliative care in Australia and Canada." Palliative Medicine 14, no. 1 (2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2022.118722.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.

Full text

Abstract:

Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Minas, John, Youngdeok Lim, Chris Evans, and François Vaillancourt. "Policy Forum: The Australian Experience with Preferential Capital Gains Tax Treatment—Possible Lessons for Canada." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 69, no. 4 (2021): 1213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2021.69.4.pf.minas.

Full text

Abstract:

This article compares the preferential tax treatment of capital gains in Australia and in Canada, with a view to determining whether there are any lessons from the Australian experience that may be of relevance to Canada. The tax treatment of capital gains is similar in the two jurisdictions in that both apply a 50 percent inclusion rate or the equivalent. Several aspects of the taxation of capital gains in Australia might be considered cautionary from the Canadian perspective. The Australian experience indicates that winning support for an increase in the capital gains inclusion rate can prove difficult, as demonstrated by the unsuccessful proposal by the Australian Labor Party, during the 2019 federal election campaign, to effectively raise the inclusion rate to 75 percent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Lecours, André, and Daniel Béland. "The Institutional Politics of Territorial Redistribution: Federalism and Equalization Policy in Australia and Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 46, no. 1 (March 2013): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842391300019x.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract.A key challenge for comparative politics is to explain the varying degrees of political conflict triggered by the territorial redistribution of financial resources. Federal systems pose this question particularly acutely since they typically operate equalization programs that generate different levels and patterns of intergovernmental conflict. For instance, in Canada equalization has generated serious conflict between federal and provincial governments whereas in Australia it has only led to low-level grumblings on the part of some states which have taken shots at others. This article sheds light on the causes for conflict around the territorial redistribution of financial resources by explaining why equalization has produced more severe intergovernmental conflict in Canada than in Australia. It argues that institutional factors linked to the governance structures of equalization and the nature of federalism are at the heart of the cross-national difference. More specifically, the presence of an arms-length agency administrating equalization in Australia compared to executive discretion over the program in Canada and the weaker status and lesser power of states in comparison to Canadian provinces means that equalization policy is more subject to political challenges in Australia than in Canada.Résumé.Une question majeure pour la politique comparée contemporaine, et plus particulièrement le fédéralisme comparé, est celle des conflits politiques et intergouvernementaux générés par la distribution territoriale des ressources fiscales. Au Canada, au cours de la dernière décennie, le programme de péréquation a suscité des conflits importants entre le gouvernement fédéral et les provinces, tandis qu'en Australie la péréquation ne provoque qu'un mécontentement épisodique entre les états fédérés. Cet article cherche à expliquer cette différence. Il suggère que des facteurs institutionnels liés à la gouvernance de la péréquation et à la nature des systèmes fédéraux sont au centre de l'explication. Plus précisément, l'article suggère que la présence d'une agence quasi-indépendante pour administrer la péréquation en Australie et son absence au Canada ainsi que la faiblesse relative des états australiens par rapport aux provinces canadiennes font que la péréquation au Canada est plus sujette aux attaques politiques qu'en Australie.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pavlovych, Andrii. "AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH AND CANADIAN ENGLISH AS TWO EXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-276-279.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the development of English in Australia and Canada. The analysis of historical, social and political prerequisites of formation of English in Australia and Canada has been conducted. The influence of extralinguistic factors on the development of English in the abovementioned countries, the universalization of vocabulary, grammar and phonetic structure of the language is described. The geographical location and lifestyle of Indigenous people and migrants had a significant impact on the development of Australian English. Concerning Canadian English, it should be mentioned that Canada is a bilingual country and French, and French, as well as American and British English, had a considerable influence on the development of language in this country.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

McDonald, Peter, and Alain Belanger. "A Comparison of Fertility in Canada and Australia, 1926-2011." Canadian Studies in Population 43, no. 1-2 (May 23, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6r016.

Full text

Abstract:

Canada and Australia are countries that, through their histories, have had many similarities as described later in the paper. However, they have two obvious differences. First, Australia has no equivalent to the province of Quebec and is not bi-lingual[B1] . If Quebec’s fertility trend was a mirror image of the trends in other provinces in Canada, this would not present a difficulty but, as we demonstrate in this article, the differences between fertility trends in Quebec and the other Canadian provinces go some way towards explaining the historical differences between the Canadian and Australian fertility trends, but only until 1960. [B1]2 nations rather than province

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lavoie, Josée G., and Judith Dwyer. "Implementing Indigenous community control in health care: lessons from Canada." Australian Health Review 40, no. 4 (2016): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14101.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective Over past decades, Australian and Canadian Indigenous primary healthcare policies have focused on supporting community controlled Indigenous health organisations. After more than 20 years of sustained effort, over 89% of eligible communities in Canada are currently engaged in the planning, management and provision of community controlled health services. In Australia, policy commitment to community control has also been in place for more than 25 years, but implementation has been complicated by unrealistic timelines, underdeveloped change management processes, inflexible funding agreements and distrust. This paper discusses the lessons from the Canadian experience to inform the continuing efforts to achieve the implementation of community control in Australia. Methods We reviewed Canadian policy and evaluation grey literature documents, and assessed lessons and recommendations for relevance to the Australian context. Results Our analysis yielded three broad lessons. First, implementing community control takes time. It took Canada 20 years to achieve 89% implementation. To succeed, Australia will need to make a firm long term commitment to this objective. Second, implementing community control is complex. Communities require adequate resources to support change management. And third, accountability frameworks must be tailored to the Indigenous primary health care context to be meaningful. Conclusions We conclude that although the Canadian experience is based on a different context, the processes and tools created to implement community control in Canada can help inform the Australian context. What is known about the topic? Although Australia has promoted Indigenous control over primary healthcare (PHC) services, implementation remains incomplete. Enduring barriers to the transfer of PHC services to community control have not been addressed in the largely sporadic attention to this challenge to date, despite significant recent efforts in some jurisdictions. What does this paper add? The Canadian experience indicates that transferring PHC from government to community ownership requires sustained commitment, adequate resourcing of the change process and the development of a meaningful accountability framework tailored to the sector. What are the implications for practitioners? Policy makers in Australia will need to attend to reform in contractual arrangements (towards pooled or bundled funding), adopt a long-term vision for transfer and find ways to harmonise the roles of federal and state governments. The arrangements achieved in some communities in the Australian Coordinated Care Trials (and still in place) provide a model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Diep, Dion, Abnoos Mosleh-Shirazi, and Joel Lexchin. "Quality of advertisements for prescription drugs in family practice medical journals published in Australia, Canada and the USA with different regulatory controls: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e034993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034993.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo assess if different forms of regulation lead to differences in the quality of journal advertisements.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThirty advertisements from family practice journals published from 2013 to 2015 were extracted for three countries with distinct regulatory pharmaceutical promotion systems: Australia, Canada and the USA.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdvertisements under each regulatory system were compared concerning three domains: information included in the advertisement, references to scientific evidence and pictorial appeals and portrayals. An overall ranking for advertisement quality among countries was determined using the first two domains as the information assessed has been associated with more appropriate prescribing.ResultsAdvertisements varied significantly for number of claims with quantitative benefit (Australia: 0.0 (0.0–3.0); Canada: 0.0 (0.0–5.0); USA: 1.0 (0.0–6.0); p=0.01); statistical method used in reporting benefit (relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat; Australia: 6.7%, n=2; Canada: 10.0%, n=3; USA: 36.6%, n=11; p=0.02); mention of adverse effects, warnings or contraindications (Australia: 13.3%, n=4; Canada: 23.3%, n=7; USA: 53.3%, n=16; p=0.002); equal prominence between safety and benefit information (Australia: 25.0%, n=1; Canada: 28.6%, n=2; USA: 75.0%, n=12; p=0.04); and methodological quality of references score (Australia: 0.4150 (0.25–0.70); Canada: 0.25 (0.00–0.63); USA: 0.25 (0.00–0.75); p<0.001). The USA ranked first, Canada second and Australia third for overall quality of journal advertisements. Significant differences for humour appeals (Australia: 3.3%, n=1; Canada: 13.3%, n=4; USA: 26.7%, n=8; p=0.04), positive emotional appeals (Australia: 26.7%, n=8; Canada: 60.0%, n=18; USA: 50.0%, n=15; p=0.03), social approval portrayals (Australia: 0.0%, n=0; Canada: 0.0%, n=0; USA: 10.0%, n=3; p=0.04) and lifestyle or work portrayals (Australia: 43.3%, n=13; Canada: 50.0%, n=15; USA: 76.7%, n=23; p=0.02) were found among countries.ConclusionsDifferent regulatory systems influence journal advertisement quality concerning all measured domains. However, differences may also be attributed to other regulatory, legal, cultural or health system factors unique to each country.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Chen, S., M. N. Nelson, K. Ghamkhar, T. Fu, and W. A. Cowling. "Divergent patterns of allelic diversity from similar origins: the case of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in China and Australia." Genome 51, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-095.

Full text

Abstract:

Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) in Australia and China have similar origins, with introductions from Europe, Canada, and Japan in the mid 20th century, and there has been some interchange of germplasm between China and Australia since that time. Allelic diversity of 72 B. napus genotypes representing contemporary germplasm in Australia and China, including samples from India, Europe, and Canada, was characterized by 55 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers spanning the entire B. napus genome. Hierarchical clustering and two-dimensional multidimensional scaling identified a Chinese group (China-1) that was separated from a “mixed” group of Australian, Chinese (China-2), European, and Canadian lines. A small group from India was distinctly separated from all other B. napus genotypes. Chinese genotypes, especially in the China-1 group, have inherited unique alleles from interspecific crossing, primarily with B. rapa, and the China-2 group has many alleles in common with Australian genotypes. The concept of “private alleles” is introduced to describe both the greater genetic diversity and the genetic distinctiveness of Chinese germplasm, compared with Australian germplasm, after 50 years of breeding from similar origins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Downie, Jocelyn, and Jocelyn Downie. "Medical Assistance in Dying: Lessons for Australia from Canada." QUT Law Review 17, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v17i2.721.

Full text

Abstract:

Canada has recently witnessed dramatic changes in end of life law and policy. Most notably, we have moved from a prohibitive to a permissive regime with respect to medical assistance in dying (MAiD). As a number of Australian states are actively engaged in debates about whether to decriminalise MAiD, it is worth reviewing the Canadian experience and drawing out any lessons that might usefully inform the current processes in Australia. *Please note that this is an invited contribution and hence not peer reviewed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Sergi, Bruno S., and Yu Hsing. "Responses of Monetary Policy to Inflation, the Output Gap, and Real Exchange Rates: The Case of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand." Global Economy Journal 10, no. 2 (May 21, 2010): 1850196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1596.

Full text

Abstract:

This study shows that the policy rate reacts positively to the inflation rate, the output gap, and the lagged real effective exchange rate for Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and negatively to the current real effective exchange rate for Australia and Canada. The inflation rate has a greater impact on the policy rate for New Zealand than for Australia and Canada whereas the output gap has a greater effect on the policy rate for Australia and Canada than for New Zealand. Since the adoption of inflation targeting, the intercept of the monetary-policy function has decreased in each of the three countries, and the slope coefficient of the inflation rate has increased for Australia and New Zealand but has decreased for Canada.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Duckett, Stephen. "Expanding the breadth of Medicare: learning from Australia." Health Economics, Policy and Law 13, no. 3-4 (January 24, 2018): 344–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000421.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe design of Australia’s Medicare programme was based on the Canadian scheme, adapted somewhat to take account of differences in the constitutional division of powers in the two countries and differences in history. The key elements are very similar: access to hospital services without charge being the core similarity, universal coverage for necessary medical services, albeit with a variable co-payment in Australia, the other. But there are significant differences between the two countries in health programmes – whether or not they are labelled as ‘Medicare’. This paper discusses four areas where Canada could potentially learn from Australia in a positive way. First, Australia has had a national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for almost 70 years. Second, there have been hesitant extensions to Australia’s Medicare to address the increasing prevalence of people with chronic conditions – extensions which include some payments for allied health professionals, ‘care coordination’ payments, and exploration of ‘health care homes’. Third, Australia has a much more extensive system of support for older people to live in their homes or to move into supported residential care. Fourth, Australia has gone further in driving efficiency in the hospital sector than has Canada. Finally, the paper examines aspects of the Australian health care system that Canada should avoid, including the very high level of out-of-pocket costs, and the role of private acute inpatient provision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Gurdon, Michael A. "Divergent Paths: Civil Service Employment Relations in Australia and Canada." Articles 42, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050336ar.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes the legislated strengthening of employee involvement in decision-making within the federal civil service in Australia. While the quite distinct differences between the two industrial relations Systems must be recognized, particularly the resulting distribution of power between the government as employer and its employees, aspects of the general philosophy underlying the Australian model may find some useful applications as the Canadian public sector Systems continues to evolve.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Havemann (Hrsg.), Paul. "Indigenous Peoples´ Rights in Australia, Canada." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 32, no. 4 (1999): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1999-4-574.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Beaujot, Roderic, and Peter McDonald. "Comparative Demography of Canada and Australia." Canadian Studies in Population 43, no. 1-2 (May 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6gg6f.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kealey, Gregory S., and Greg Patmore. "Comparative Labour History: Australia and Canada." Labour / Le Travail 38 (1996): ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144089.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

McNamee, David. "Tobacco control in Canada and Australia." Lancet 344, no. 8933 (November 1994): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90711-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Roth, Stephen J. "Canada/Australia: Prosecution of war criminals." Patterns of Prejudice 21, no. 4 (December 1987): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.1987.9969928.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kealey, Gregory S., and Greg Patmore. "Comparative Labour History: Australia and Canada." Labour History, no. 71 (1996): ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516446.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Dugan, M. E. R., V. Salazar, D. C. Rolland, P. Vahmani, J. L. Aalhus, Ó. López-Campos, N. Prieto, and M. Juárez. "Retail lamb fat composition in western Canada." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2019-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

The fatty acid composition of retail lamb backfat commonly available in Western Canada was analyzed, including 16 lambs collected from a slaughter plant in central Alberta, and backfat collected from racks and chops imported from Australia (n = 8) and New Zealand (n = 8). Lamb fat from New Zealand was the richest source of vaccenic and rumenic acids. Both New Zealand and Australian lamb were the richest source of n-3 fatty acids. North American lamb was richer in t10-18:1, but a subset had fatty acid compositions similar to New Zealand lamb.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wharf, Brian. "Preventing Out of Home Placements." Children Australia 16, no. 3 (1991): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200013195.

Full text

Abstract:

The following article by Professor Brian Wharf is based on programs operating in the USA. There are some signs of placement prevention programs being embraced by government bodies and non-government child welfare agencies in Australia and in Canada. His experience of developments in Australia, during a recent visit, prompted him to put forward this article for publication in Children Australia. There appears to be a remarkable similarity of interests between child welfare issues in Australia and Canada, particularly round the question of whether protection and prevention services should be integrated or provided by separate agencies or departments. Children Australia hopes this will be the first in a series of exchanges between Australia and Canada.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Johnson, Carol, and Manon Tremblay. "Comparing Same-Sex Marriage in Australia and Canada: Institutions and Political Will." Government and Opposition 53, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.36.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores why there have been such different trajectories in regard to same-sex marriage in Australia and Canada. Canada was one of the first countries to introduce same-sex marriage (in 2005) and, at time of writing, Australia still had not done so.1 The comparison is particularly interesting given that Australia and Canada have relatively similar political institutions except that Australia has no Charter of Rights. Miriam Smith has suggested that institutional factors explain the different trajectories of policies on same-sex marriage in Canada and the US. However, the shift in comparative lens to Canada and Australia provides new insights into the key role of factors influencing ‘political will’ in regard to same-sex marriage in both countries. Those multiple influences do include institutions but also the role played by party electoral strategies. Consequently, the article provides insights into the factors that can influence minority group rights in different national democratic settings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Austen, Siobhan, and Fiona MacPhail. "The Post-School Education Choices of Young Women in Australia and Canada." Economic and Labour Relations Review 22, no. 3 (November 2011): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530461102200309.

Full text

Abstract:

Young Canadian women engage in post-school study at a much higher rate than their Australian peers, with a large part of the difference in this rate attributable to differences in rates of participation in the non-university sector. This article uses data from the Australian Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth and the Canadian Youth in Transition Survey to generate a unique cross-country comparison of the characteristics of young women engaged in different types of post-school education. The results highlight important differences in the role played by academic ability and parental resources in the allocation of educational ‘slots' in the non-university sectors of the two countries. The results suggest that ‘second-tier’ post-school institutions could play a role in boosting rates of post-school education in Australia, with important consequences for the design of policy on this sector.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Oliffe, Michael, Emma Thompson, Jenny Johnston, Dianne Freeman, Hanish Bagga, and Peter K. K. Wong. "Assessing the readability and patient comprehension of rheumatology medicine information sheets: a cross-sectional Health Literacy Study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024582.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesPatients are often provided with medicine information sheets (MIS). However, up to 60% of patients have low health literacy. The recommended readability level for health-related information is ≤grade 8. We sought to assess the readability of MIS given to patients by rheumatologists in Australia, the UK and Canada and to examine Australian patient comprehension of these documents.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based regional rheumatology practice.ParticipantsRandom sample of patients attending the rheumatology practice.Outcome measuresReadability of MIS was assessed using readability formulae (Flesch Reading Ease formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scale, FORCAST (named after the authors FORd, CAylor, STicht) and the Gunning Fog scale). Literal comprehension was assessed by asking patients to read various Australian MIS and immediately answer five simple multiple choice questions about the MIS.ResultsThe mean (±SD) grade level for the MIS from Australia, the UK and Canada was 11.6±0.1, 11.8±0.1 and 9.7±0.1 respectively. The Flesch Reading Ease score for the Australian (50.8±0.6) and UK (48.5±1.5) MIS classified the documents as ‘fairly difficult’ to ‘difficult’. The Canadian MIS (66.1±1.0) were classified as ‘standard’. The five questions assessing comprehension were correctly answered by 9/21 patients for the adalimumab MIS, 7/11 for the methotrexate MIS, 6/28 for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory MIS, 10/11 for the prednisone MIS and 13/24 for the abatacept MIS.ConclusionsThe readability of MIS used by rheumatologists in Australia, the UK and Canada exceeds grade 8 level. This may explain why patient literal comprehension of these documents may be poor. Simpler, shorter MIS with pictures and infographics may improve patient comprehension. This may lead to improved medication adherence and better health outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Dirkis, Michael. "Moving to a More "Certain" Test for Tax Residence in Australia: Lessons for Canada?" Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 68, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2020.68.1.sym.dirkis.

Full text

Abstract:

Canada and Australia have superficially similar tests for determining the tax residence of individuals. Both have a common-law residence (or resides) test, "continuing attachment" rules (a statutory test in Australia), a 183-day type of test, and provisions focused on government officials. A key difference between the countries in this regard, despite broadly similar residence tests, is that litigation in Canada is rare whereas Australia, over the last decade, has seen at least 43 administrative tribunal, Federal Court, and High Court decisions with respect to tax residence. In response to the high levels of litigation resulting from concentrated Australian Taxation Office compliance programs, the Board of Taxation commenced a self-initiated review of the income tax residence rules for individuals in May 2016. The report subsequently submitted to government noted that the current rules were no longer appropriate and needed to be updated and simplified. Although the Australian government has not endorsed the board's recommendations, the board was directed to undertake further consultation in order to ensure that the proposed residence rules are appropriately designed and targeted, with a particular focus on integrity (that is, anti-avoidance) issues. A final report, sent to the government in April/May 2019, proposed a number of bright-line tests. These proposed tests are based in part on the approach adopted in the NZ and 2013 UK residence rules. In this paper, the author considers the similarities and shortcomings of the Canadian and Australian rules on individual tax residence according to the criteria of equity, simplicity, and efficiency (integrity), and then reviews the Board of Taxation's recommendations with an eye to whether the proposed Australian changes could provide guidance for any future Canadian reform, should the political circumstances so dictate in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Iacovetta, Franca, Michael Quinlan, and Ian Radforth. "Immigration and Labour: Australia and Canada Compared." Labour / Le Travail 38 (1996): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Boardman, Robert. "Approaching regimes: Australia, Canada, and environmental policy." Australian Journal of Political Science 26, no. 3 (November 1991): 446–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323269108402161.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Loveday, P., and D. Jaensch. "Indigenes and electoral administration, Australia and Canada." Electoral Studies 6, no. 1 (April 1987): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(87)90049-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Iacovetta, Franca, Michael Quinlan, and Ian Radforth. "Immigration and Labour: Australia and Canada Compared." Labour History, no. 71 (1996): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516450.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Atchison, J. "Immigration in Two Federations: Canada and Australia." International Migration 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1988.tb00609.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dalton, Tony. "Housing Policy Retrenchment: Australia and Canada Compared." Urban Studies 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098008098637.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Brotherton, M. "PASSPORT TO SAFETY—FROM CANADA TO AUSTRALIA." Injury Prevention 18, Suppl 1 (October 2012): A35.4—A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580c.42.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Jonathan, Foster, Lum Carmel, and Williams Kerry. "Neuropsychology in Australia: A multidimensional perspective." Neuropsychologist 1, no. 8 (October 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2019.1.8.72.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reviews neuropsychology in a,nother major English speaking country, Australia,. It is written from a multidimensional perspective by an international multiethnic team that has trained and worked in neuropsychology in the UK, Canada and the US, as well as in Australia itself. In addition to reviewing training and practice in neuropsychology, the focus is on the development and application of the discipline 'down under' within a broader historical and cultural context. For many years, Australian neuropsychology was strongly influenced by its connections to the UK (e.g. via explicit linkages to the British Psychological Society) and North America. Over more recent decades, while remaining strongly connected to and influenced by larger English-speaking global academic and professional communities Australian neuropsychology has carved out a distinctive niche and has made significant international contribution in its own right.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Cai, Jesmine, Tina Wang, Neil McAuslane, and Lawrence Liberti. "OP171 Does Parallel Regulatory-Health Technology Assessment Reviews Affect Time To Health Technology Assessment Decisions?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001733.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction:Timely recommendation by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies for drug reimbursement is critical to ensure patient access to medicines of therapeutic value. In this study, HTA performance was examined in terms of their outcome and timing by looking at how 103 drugs, which gained regulatory approval from 2013 to 2015, were assessed by HTA agencies from 2014 to 2016.Methods:Products must have received regulatory approval from one of the following regulatory agencies: EMA (Europe), Health Canada (Canada) and TGA (Australia). The first HTA recommendations were then collected from PBAC (Australia), CADTH (Canada), HAS (France), IQWiG (Germany), SMC (Scotland) and TLV (Sweden). The HTA decisions were classified as positive, positive with restrictions, negative and multiple.Results:Eighty-four drugs were approved in Europe before Australia and Canada. Of the studied HTA agencies, PBAC had the highest percentage of products recommended within a year from regulatory approval (93 percent). In addition, Australia had the shortest median time between first regulatory submission by any of the three agencies and HTA recommendation (553 days) as compared to Europe (616 days) and Canada (722 days). This can be attributed to the TGA/PBAC parallel process. However, Australia has the highest proportion of products receiving a negative PBAC recommendation (62 percent).Conclusions:The majority of drugs were first submitted for reimbursement in Europe, but the time from regulatory submission to HTA decision was the fastest in Australia. This can be attributed to the TGA/PBAC parallel review process, which showed its benefit in reducing the overall time. A parallel review process is also available in Canada; however, it is not utilized as frequently by companies as in Australia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Gilbar, Peter, and Kimberley Stefaniuk. "The Role of the Pharmacist in Palliative Care: Results of a Survey Conducted in Australia and Canada." Journal of Palliative Care 18, no. 4 (December 2002): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585970201800407.

Full text

Abstract:

A survey was conducted to determine what pharmaceutical services are provided to palliative care sites in Australia and Canada, and the pharmacist's role on the interdisciplinary team. Questionnaires were sent to 100 selected sites in each country. Questions pertained to demographics and the level of duties performed. Australian 42/76 (55.3%) and Canadian 59/69 (85.5%) sites employed palliative care pharmacists. Most Australians (83.3%) and Canadians (69.8%) worked under 20 hours/week on the palliative care service. Administrative duties and basic drug supply functions were more common in Australia, whilst Canadians had greater participation in team meetings and rounds. Medication review was the most common clinical duty; approximately 70% of respondents in each country provided specific advice on pharmacotherapy, administration, treatment, adverse effects, and incompatibilities. Education was universally important, but active participation in conferences, publication, and research was infrequent. Pharmacists in both Australia and Canada are important members of the palliative care team, and provide a similar high level of unique and valuable services to patients and their families.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Kidd, Michael P., and Michael Shannon. "The Gender Wage Gap: A Comparison of Australia and Canada." ILR Review 49, no. 4 (July 1996): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900409.

Full text

Abstract:

Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour Market Activity Survey and, for Australia, the 1989–90 Income Distribution Survey, the authors investigate the reasons for the significantly lower gender wage gap in Australia than in Canada. Key similarities and differences between these two countries, the authors argue, make them a good basis for a “natural experiment” to investigate the effects of different labor market institutions. In particular, Australia has a stronger union movement and a greater degree of centralization in wage determination than Canada, and most of its workers are covered by legally binding minimum working conditions. The authors conclude that several differences between the countries in labor market structure—notably, a lower rate of return to education, a lower rate of return to labor market experience, and a lower level of wage inequality in Australia than in Canada—are largely responsible for the smaller gender wage gap in Australia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Biedermann, Bettina. "Vergessene Auswanderer." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 35, no. 140 (September 1, 2005): 423–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v35i140.593.

Full text

Abstract:

Today, the debate on migration in Germany focuses on immigration. But a few decades ago, after World War II, a large number of Germans was leaving. USA and Canada were the favoured destinations, but Australia was also popular. In contrast to the former two countries, Australia and Germany in 1952 signed a bilateral treaty on the regulation of German migration to Australia. Consequently, an individual disposition for migration could only be materialised if the two governments permitted it. Australia wanted to industrialise and expand its population, whilst Germany saw migration as a contribution to the solution of the problems with German refugees. Nevertheless, there continued to be strong disagreement: The German government had an interest in the migration of older refugees with limited qualifications, whilst the Australian side wanted young, male and skilled migrants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Hatoss, Anikó, Donna Starks, and Henriette Janse van Rensburg. "Afrikaans language maintenance in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.34.1.01hat.

Full text

Abstract:

Changes in the political climate in the home country have resulted in the emigration of South Africans to English speaking countries such as Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Despite the scale of movement of the South African population, language maintenance in these diasporic contexts has received little consideration. This paper presents a description of an Australian Afrikaans-speaking community in the small Queensland city of Toowoomba. The study shows a high degree of bilingualism amongst the first generation Afrikaans community but also shows incipient signs of language shift within the home and a weak connection between language and identity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cooper, Andrew Fenton. "Like-minded Nations and Contrasting Diplomatic Styles: Australian and Canadian Approaches to Agricultural Trade." Canadian Journal of Political Science 25, no. 2 (June 1992): 349–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900004017.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe pairing of Australia and Canada has become a rich source of comparative studies with respect to foreign economic policy. This matching has been largely inspired by the like-mindedness of the two countries. Yet, if Australia and Canada may be said to have similar objectives in terms of the international system, the methods through which they have attempted to pursue these objectives have differed sharply. Using international-level and domestic-level modes of analysis, this article explains the reasons for the contrasting style in the case of agricultural trade. It is demonstrated that a number of mutually reinforcing factors combine to give a tough-minded quality to Australia's approach. In contrast, because of both a greater complexity in the domestic policy-making process and the range of foreign policy options, Canada's style in the agricultural trade issue has become increasingly nuanced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Cassidy, Julie. "The Stolen Generations - Canada and Australia: the Legacy of Assimilation." Deakin Law Review 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2006vol11no1art230.

Full text

Abstract:

This article provides a comparative overview of issues pertaining to the stolen generation in Canada and Australia. It includes a historical overview of the removal and detaining of aboriginal children in Canada and Australia. As a consequence of the revelations of this past practice, litigation has been undertaken by members of the stolen generations in both Canada and Australia. The article includes a summary of the key cases in Canada and Australia. Unlike in Australia, some Canadian aboriginal claimants have successfully brought actions for compensation against the federal Canadian government for the damages stemming from their experiences in the aboriginal residential schools. In the course of this discussion, the various causes of actions relied upon by the plaintiffs are examined. While the plaintiffs in these leading Canadian cases were ultimately successful under at least one of their heads of claim, the approaches in these cases in regard to the Crown’s liability for breaching fiduciary duties, the duty of care, and non-delegable duties is inconsistent. Thus even in regard to the Canadian jurisprudence key legal issues pertaining to the Crown’s liability for the aboriginal residential school experience continues to be unresolved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Lecours, André, Daniel Béland, Alan Fenna, Tracy Beck Fenwick, Mireille Paquet, Philip Rocco, and Alex Waddan. "Explaining Intergovernmental Conflict in the COVID-19 Crisis: The United States, Canada, and Australia." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 51, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 513–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjab010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic produced more significant immediate intergovernmental conflict in the U.S. than in Australia and Canada. This article considers three variables for this cross-national divergence: presidentialism versus parliamentarism; vertical party integration; and strength of intergovernmental arrangements. We find that the U.S. presidential system, contrary to parliamentarism in Canada and Australia, provided an opportunity for a populist outsider skeptical of experts to win the presidency and pursue a personalized style that favored intergovernmental conflict in times of crisis. Then, the intergovernmental conflict-inducing effect of the Trump presidency during the pandemic was compounded by the vertical integration of political parties, which provided incentives for the President to criticize Democratic governors and vice-versa. Third, the virtual absence of any structure for intergovernmental relations in the United States meant that, unlike Australian states and Canadian provinces, American states struggled to get the federal government’s attention and publicly deplored its lack of leadership.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

"Melampsora medusae. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 2) (August 1, 1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500547.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Melampsora medusae Thüm. Hosts: Populus spp. and conifers. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Asia, Japan, Australasia, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Australian Capital Territory, New Zealand, Europe, France, Spain, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Quebec, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territory, Newfoundland, USA, South America, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Chile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Cannon, P. F. "Capronia pilosella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 228 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20210407795.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A description is provided for Capronia pilosella, found on unidentified, very rotten wood. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and economic impacts is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (China, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Taiwan), Australasia (Australia, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, USA, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York), Pacific Ocean (Fiji), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Amazonas)).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Meadows, Michael. "Ideas from the Bush: Indigenous Television in Australia and Canada." Canadian Journal of Communication 20, no. 2 (February 1, 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.1995v20n2a866.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Indigenous communities in Australia and Canada are challenging notions of the cultural hegemony of mass media. Implicit in new media technologies are empowering strategies which have enabled community broadcasters to appropriate media for their own culturally specific use. In Australia, Aborigines have adopted interactive and local television as a cultural resource to aid in strengthening languages and culture. In Canada, a pan-Canadian Native television network enables indigenous access and cultural leadership in a different way. However policymakers in both countries need to become more attuned to the creative options emerging in the form of these ``ideas from the bush.'' Résumé: Certaines communautés autochtones en Australie et au Canada sont en train de mettre en question l'idée de l'hégémonie culturelle des mass-médias. En effet, implicites aux nouvelles technologies médiatiques sont des stratégies émancipatrices qui ont permis aux radiodiffuseurs communautaires d'approprier les médias pour un usage assorti à leur culture. En Australie, des Aborigènes ont adopté la télévision interactive et locale comme ressource culturelle pour aider à renforcer leurs langues et leur culture. Au Canada, un réseau de télévision autochtone pan-canadien donne aux autochtones un accès et une direction culturelle quelque peu différents. Les décideurs politiques dans les deux pays ont besoin de porter plus d'attention aux possibilités créatrices qu'offrent ces "idées sorties de la brousse".

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

"Bioboard." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 14, no. 09 (September 2010): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030310000406.

Full text

Abstract:

AUSTRALIA – Australian Scientists in Stem-cell First. AUSTRALIA – Australia's First SynCardia Total Artificial Heart Implant. AUSTRALIA – First Patient Receives Gamma Knife Treatment in Australia. AUSTRALIA – ADHD Pesticide Link Confirmed. AUSTRALIA – Aged Garlic Extract can lower Blood Pressure. CHINA – Chinese Scientists Discover Liver Cancer-prone Genes. CHINA – Experts Find Gene Variants for Stomach, Gullet Cancer. CHINA – China Publishes List of 33 Circulating Fake Medicines. CHINA – Chinese Vaccine Shields against Hepatitis E. INDIA – Genetic Cause of Gall Bladder Stones Found. INDIA – Obesity Surgery can Reverse Metabolic Complications. INDIA – Japanese Encephalitis on Rise in India. NEW ZEALAND – Rising Cases of Swine Flu in NZ. SINGAPORE – New Hope for Women with Breast or Ovarian Cancer. SINGAPORE – Singapore on Alert for Gene that Creates Superbugs. SINGAPORE – NCCS to Lead Asian Phase III Clinical Trial for Colorectal Cancer. SINGAPORE – A*STAR and Institut Mérieux/Biomérieux Invest S$3m in Tuberculosis Research. SINGAPORE – International Conference on Bioengineering and Nanotechnology to Boost Interdisciplinary Research. SINGAPORE – Scientists to Research Ways to Fight Infectious Diseases and Viruses. TAIWAN – Chang Gung Team Develops New Brain Cancer Treatment. TAIWAN – Taiwan, Canada Develop New Hepatitis C Screening Method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Canada and Australia'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles