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Hakkinen, Marjaana, Helmi Heiska, and Marja-Liisa Hänninen. "Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Cattle in Finland and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Bovine Campylobacter jejuni Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 10 (March 16, 2007): 3232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02579-06.
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ABSTRACT The study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Finnish cattle at slaughter and carcass contamination after slaughter. During the period January to December 2003, bovine rectal fecal samples (n = 952) and carcass surface samples (n = 948) from 12 out of 15 Finnish slaughterhouses were examined. In total, campylobacters were detected in 31.1% of fecal samples and in 3.5% of carcass surface samples. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 19.5%, Campylobacter coli from 2.2%, and presumptive Campylobacter hyointestinalis from 10.8% of fecal samples. Campylobacters were detected in 4.4% and 37.4% of the fecal samples examined both by direct culture and by enrichment (n = 730), respectively, suggesting a low level of campylobacters in the intestinal content. A slightly increasing trend was observed in the overall prevalence of campylobacters towards the end of summer and autumn. Seventeen different serotypes were detected among the fecal C. jejuni isolates using a set of 25 commercial antisera for serotyping heat-stable antigens (Penner) of C. jejuni by passive hemagglutination. The predominant serotypes, Pen2 and Pen4-complex, were isolated from 52% of the fecal samples. Subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (SmaI) yielded 56 and 20 subtypes out of 330 fecal and 70 carcass C. jejuni isolates, respectively. MICs of ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and oxytetracycline for 187 C. jejuni isolates were determined using a commercial broth microdilution method. Sixteen (9%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance to nalidixic acid was most commonly detected (6%). No multiresistance was observed.
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Wang, Haiyan. "Rapid Methods for Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.4.996.
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Abstract Campylobacter spp. are the most commonly reported bacterial cause of acute diarrheal disease in humans throughout the world. Traditional cultural methods for the detection and quantitation of Campylobacter spp. are slow and tedious; therefore, specific, sensitive, and rapid methods for campylobacters are needed to collect sufficient data for risk assessment and food safety policy development. We developed several rapid methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA hybridization, hydrophobic grid membrane filters (HGMFs), and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). A PCR assay targeting C. jejuni, combined with a simple sample preparation procedure, detects as few as 0.3 most probable number (MPN)/mL C. jejuni in naturally contaminated chicken rinses after 20–24 h enrichment. An HGMF–EIA method using a commercial polyclonal antibody for Campylobacter detects and enumerates thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from spiked chicken rinse and milk, and naturally contaminated chicken rinses. A C. jejuni–specific probe in an HGMF–DNA hybridization protocol specifically detects and quantitates C. jejuni in food samples. A dot-blot EIA combined with an MPN procedure quantitates thermophilic campylobacters from samples that might be difficult to filter through HGMFs.
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CABALLERO, Moisés, Isabel RIVERA, Luis M. JARA, Francisco M. ULLOA-STANOJLOVIC, and Carlos SHIVA. "ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC Escherichia coli AND Campylobacter jejuni IN FERAL PIGEONS FROM AN URBAN AREA IN THE CITY OF LIMA, PERU." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 5 (October 2015): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000500004.
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SUMMARY Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) live in close contact with humans and other animals. They can transmit potentially pathogenic and zoonotic agents. The objective of this study was to isolate and detect strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuniof urban feral pigeons from an area of Lima, Peru. Fresh dropping samples from urban parks were collected for microbiological isolation of E. coli strains in selective agar, and Campylobacterby filtration method. Molecular identification of diarrheagenic pathotypes of E.coliand Campylobacter jejuni was performed by PCR. Twenty-two parks were sampled and 16 colonies of Campylobacter spp. were isolated. The 100% of isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. Furthermore, 102 colonies of E. coli were isolated and the 5.88% resulted as Enteropathogenic (EPEC) type and 0.98% as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The urban feral pigeons of Lima in Peru can act as a reservoir or carriers of zoonotic potentially pathogenic enteric agents.
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Abd El-Aziz, Norhan K., Ahmed M. Ammar, Mona M. Hamdy, Adil A. Gobouri, Ehab Azab, and Alaa H. Sewid. "First Report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112067.
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Campylobacter species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Campylobacter species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) and 32.47% Campylobacter coli (C. coli). C. jejuni isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were integrase gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of aadA (81.08%) and dfrA (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter–bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.
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Adekunle, Olutoyin Catherine. "Effect of Bile on Campylobacter species isolated from stool samples in Osogbo." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0230.
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Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent human pathogen and a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In humans, C. jejuni colonises the intestinal tract, and its tolerance to bile is crucial for bacteria to survive and establish infection. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli have the highest rate of foodborne-related clinical Campylobacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effect of bile salts, acid, and bacteriocin on campylobacter isolates obtained from stool samples. Methods: Campylobacters were identified phenotypically in this study using biochemical tests and genotypically using 16S rRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR. The confirmed twenty-five Campylobacter isolates comprising18 C. jejuni and 7 C. coli were tested for physiological factors such as bile tolerance, bacteriocin tolerance and ability to synthesise proteolytic enzymes on a solid medium. Results: Campylobacter isolates survived at different concentrations of bile (2.1 -6.8%), low pH (7.1- 3.2) and in the presence of bacteriocin (3.8-6.8 AU/mL) with the production of proteolytic enzymes in the range of 16.2-15.2 mm. Conclusion: The ability of Campylobacter spp to survive in the presence of bacteriocin and different concentrations of acid and bile salt indicates the strains’ virulence
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WRIGHT, S. L., D. K. CARVER, R. M. SILETZKY, S. ROMINE, W. E. M. MORROW, and S. KATHARIOU. "Longitudinal Study of Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Turkeys and Swine Grown in Close Proximity." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1791.
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Eastern North Carolina is a major contributor to both turkey and swine production in the United States. In this region, turkeys and swine are frequently grown in close proximity and by common growers. To further characterize colonization of turkeys and swine with Campylobacter in such a setting, we investigated the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in eight paired operations involving turkey farms in close proximity to finishing swine farms. All 15 surveyed flocks and 15 herds were Campylobacter positive at one or more sampling times. Campylobacter was isolated from 1,310 (87%) of the 1,512 turkey samples and 1,116 (77%) of the 1,448 swine samples. Most (>99%) campylobacters from swine samples were Campylobacter coli, found in 59 to 97% of the samples from the different herds. Both Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were recovered from the turkey flocks (overall prevalences of 52 and 35%, respectively). Prevalence among flocks ranged from 31 to 86% for C. jejuni and 0 to 67% for C. coli, and both species were recovered from most flocks. Relative prevalence of C. coli was higher in young birds (brooders), whereas C. jejuni predominated in grow-out birds (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of C. coli in a swine herd was generally not a good predictor for prevalence of this species in the corresponding turkey flock. These findings indicate that even though turkeys and swine grown in proximity to each other were commonly colonized with thermophilic campylobacters, the relative prevalences of C. jejuni and C. coli appear to be host associated.
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Loc Carrillo, C., R. J. Atterbury, A. El-Shibiny, P. L. Connerton, E. Dillon, A. Scott, and I. F. Connerton. "Bacteriophage Therapy To Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Colonization of Broiler Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 6554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.6554-6563.2005.
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ABSTRACT Colonization of broiler chickens by the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is widespread and difficult to prevent. Bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacters into the human food chain. Prior to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, experimental models of Campylobacter colonization of broiler chickens were established by using low-passage C. jejuni isolates HPC5 and GIIC8 from United Kingdom broiler flocks. The screening of 53 lytic bacteriophage isolates against a panel of 50 Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens and 80 strains isolated after human infection identified two phage candidates with broad host lysis. These phages, CP8 and CP34, were orally administered in antacid suspension, at different dosages, to 25-day-old broiler chickens experimentally colonized with the C. jejuni broiler isolates. Phage treatment of C. jejuni-colonized birds resulted in Campylobacter counts falling between 0.5 and 5 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to untreated controls over a 5-day period postadministration. These reductions were dependent on the phage-Campylobacter combination, the dose of phage applied, and the time elapsed after administration. Campylobacters resistant to bacteriophage infection were recovered from phage-treated chickens at a frequency of <4%. These resistant types were compromised in their ability to colonize experimental chickens and rapidly reverted to a phage-sensitive phenotype in vivo. The selection of appropriate phage and their dose optimization are key elements for the success of phage therapy to reduce campylobacters in broiler chickens.
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Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Tatjana Babic, Branislava Kocic, Aleksandra Matkic, and Ljiljana Ristic. "Identification of campylobacter species isolates with phenotypic methods and polymerase chain reaction." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, no. 11-12 (2014): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1412708m.
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Introduction. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) are the most common bacterial causes of enterocolitis in humans. However, identification of the species level is not always possible using standard biochemical tests. Objective. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify these microorganisms by both phenotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Methods. A total of 153 species of thermophilic campylobacters were examined with standard biochemical tests and PCR technique to prove hipO genes of C. jejuni and asp genes of C. coli. Results Standard biochemical tests enabled the speciation of 121 strains of C. jejuni, while application of PCR detected 126 C. jejuni strains. Conclusion. PCR technique allowed not only identification of hippurate-positive C. jejuni, but also hipuratnegative strains of C. jejuni which otherwise would be detected as C. coli if only biochemical tests were applied.
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Andritsos, Nikolaos D., Nikolaos Tzimotoudis, and Marios Mataragas. "Prevalence and Distribution of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Species in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on the Factors Affecting the Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken Meat." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2023): 8079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148079.
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It is well known that the strong-evidence foodborne outbreaks of human campylobacteriosis are associated with the consumption of raw or incompletely thermally processed poultry meat, whereas broilers act as the main reservoir for Campylobacter species. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the two main species of campylobacters detected in chicken meat, while they account for almost 90% of the reported cases of campylobacteriosis in humans. Over 80% of these cases are attributed to C. jejuni and about 10% of them are due to C. coli. Therefore, until recently the dominance of C. jejuni against all other Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken meat samples was well-established and unquestionable. Lately, however, C. coli has been increasingly recovered from chicken meat to such an extent that it is now evident that it often comprises the dominant species among the identified campylobacters in the meat samples. This work attempts for the first time a detailed review of the literature to deepen into this noteworthy epidemiological swift in the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli, along with the distribution of Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat. Factors such as the sampling method followed for screening campylobacters in broiler carcasses (e.g., swabs or carcass rinsates, skinned or skinless meat excised samples) and part of the animal carcass from which the sample is obtained (e.g., neck, breast, leg), seasonality of sampling (summer vs. winter) and environmental conditions (e.g., rainfall, relative humidity) at the farm level, the isolation procedure (enumeration or detection) and pathogen identification (biochemical or molecular), the enrichment and plating isolation media (e.g., Bolton vs. Preston broth, charcoal-based vs. chromogenic agars), as well as the biofilm-forming ability of different campylobacters, highlight the multivariate dimension of the phenomenon and are thoroughly discussed in the present review.
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Snelling, W. J., M. Matsuda, J. E. Moore, and J. S. G. Dooley. "Campylobacter jejuni." Letters in Applied Microbiology 41, no. 4 (October 2005): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01788.x.
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Fields, Patricia I., and David L. Swerdlow. "Campylobacter Jejuni." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 19, no. 3 (September 1999): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30100-8.
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Altekruse, Sean F., David L. Swerdlow, and Norman J. Stern. "Campylobacter Jejuni." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 14, no. 1 (March 1998): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30277-2.
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PHEBUS, RANDALL K., FRANCES A. DRAUGHON, and JOHN R. MOUNT. "Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in Modified Atmosphere Packaged Turkey Roll." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.3.194.
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Survival of Campylobacter jejuni, inoculated into turkey roll slices and stored under seven different atmospheric mixtures, was determined. Turkey roll samples were stored at 4°C for 18 d and at 21°C for 48 h. The effects of various atmospheric mixtures on aerobic, psychrotrophic, and lactic acid bacterial populations were also determined throughout storage. Campylobacter jejuni was inactivated under all atmospheric gas mixtures tested throughout storage. Increasing CO2 concentration inside the package from 0% to 100% CO2 resulted in a lower rate of inactivation of C. jejuni at both storage temperatures. Increases in CO2 concentrations provided greater inhibition of aerobic and psychrotrophic populations as compared to low CO2 levels. The effect of CO2 on survival of C. jejuni and growth rate of aerobic, psychrotrophic, and lactic acid bacteria was more pronounced at 4°C. Campylobacters were isolated from inoculated turkey roll held under all atmospheres by enrichment procedures on the 18th day and 48th hour of storage at 4 and 21°C, respectively, with an initial population of log 6.0 Campylobacter s/g. However, no Campylobacters were isolated by 18 d of storage at 4°C by direct plating.
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Johnson, Jeremiah G., Caroline Yuhas, Thomas J. McQuade, Martha J. Larsen, and Victor J. DiRita. "Narrow-Spectrum Inhibitors of Campylobacter jejuni Flagellar Expression and Growth." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 7 (April 13, 2015): 3880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04926-14.
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ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniis a major cause of food-borne illness due to its ability to reside within the gastrointestinal tracts of chickens. Multiple studies have identified the flagella ofC. jejunias a major determinant of chicken colonization. An inhibitor screen of approximately 147,000 small molecules was performed to identify compounds that are able to inhibit flagellar expression in a reporter strain ofC. jejuni. Several compounds that modestly inhibited motility of wild-typeC. jejuniin standard assays were identified, as were a number of small molecules that robustly inhibitedC. jejunigrowth,in vitro. Examination of similar bacterial screens found that many of these small molecules inhibited only the growth ofC. jejuni. Follow-up assays demonstrated inhibition of other strains ofC. jejuniandCampylobacter colibut no inhibition of the closely relatedHelicobacter pylori. The compounds were determined to be bacteriostatic and nontoxic to eukaryotic cells. Preliminary results from a day-of-hatch chick model of colonization suggest that at least one of the compounds demonstrates promise for reducingCampylobactercolonization loadsin vivo, although further medicinal chemistry may be required to enhance bioavailability.
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Inglis, G. Douglas, Tim A. McAllister, Francis J. Larney, and Edward Topp. "Prolonged Survival of Campylobacter Species in Bovine Manure Compost." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 4 (December 18, 2009): 1110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01902-09.
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ABSTRACT The persistence of naturally occurring campylobacteria in aerobic compost constructed of manure from beef cattle that were administered chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (AS700) or from cattle not administered antibiotics (control) was examined. Although there were no differences in population sizes of heterotrophic bacteria, the temperature of AS700 compost was more variable and did not become as high as that of control compost. There were significant differences in water content, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and electrical conductivity but not in the C/N ratio or pH between the two compost treatments. Campylobacteria were readily isolated from pen manure, for up to day 15 from control compost, and throughout the active phase of AS700 compost. Campylobacter DNA (including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, and Campylobacter jejuni) was detected over the ca. 10-month composting period, and no reductions in quantities of C. jejuni DNA were observed over the duration of the active phase. The utilization of centrifugation in combination with ethidium monoazide (EMA) significantly reduced (>90%) the amplification of C. jejuni DNA that did not originate from cells with intact cell membranes. No differences were observed in the frequency of Campylobacter DNA detection between EMA- and non-EMA-treated samples, suggesting that Campylobacter DNA amplified from compost was extracted from cells with intact cell membranes (i.e., from viable cells). The findings of this study indicate that campylobacteria excreted in cattle feces persist for long periods in compost and call into question the common belief that these bacteria do not persist in manure.
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Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Tatjana Babic, Branislava Kocic, Ljiljana Ristic, Tatjana Milenkovic, and Dragan Bogdanovic. "Comparative genomic fingerprinting for the subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli biotypes." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 9-10 (2017): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160606082m.
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Introduction/Objective. Thermophilic campylobacters, especially Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli), are the most important causes of bacterial diarrhea in developed and developing countries. The disease can occur as a sporadic infection or as large and small outbreaks. Phenotyping and genotyping methods are in use to determine similarities between strains as well their possible common origin. The goal of the study was to compare discriminatory power of biotyping tests and comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF) 40 (100%), as well as a combination of the two tests in detection of clonality or epidemiological relatedness between the studied strains. Methods. We investigated 23 Campylobacter strains using biotyping and CGF typing. Results. We found that biotyping was a more discriminatory method for C. coli, and CGF for C. jejuni strains. In the discrimination of C. jejuni strains, CGF had better discriminatory power [Simpson?s index of diversity (ID) was 0.879] over the discrimination of C. coli strains (Simpson?s ID was 0.389). Conclusion. Biotyping and CGF can be complementary methods in detection of similarity, relatedness and possible common origin between strains since the combination of biotyping and CGF methods gives more precise data about diversity within C. coli and C. jejuni strains.
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STERN, N. J., M. P. HERNANDEZ, L. BLANKENSHIP, K. E. DEIBEL, S. DOORES, M. P. DOYLE, H. NG, et al. "Prevalence and Distribution of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Retail Meats." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.7.595.
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Nine cooperating laboratories, distributed throughout the United States, determined the interlaboratory reproducibility of a sensitive, selective method for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from foods, and determined the prevalence and distribution of the organism in retail meats. A double-blind inoculated/recovery experiment demonstrated the ability to detect two cells of C. jejuni and C. coli per g of meat at a rate of 96% among the cooperating laboratories. However, a 7.5% false-positive rate for the presumptive detection of the organism was also reported. Samples of ground beef, beef flank steak, lamb stew meat, broiler chicken, pork sausage (without antimicrobials), and pork chops were selected to assess the presence of campylobacters. Each cooperator purchased five of each of the above samples from the refrigerated case of two retail outlets at quarterly intervals throughout the year. A total of 2,160 retail samples were analyzed for the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli. Results indicated that about 30% of the 360 chickens sampled yielded the organism. Analysis of 1,800 red meat products yielded campylobacters at a rate of about 5.1%. Pork samples yielded C. coli and other meats yielded C. jejuni. Higher numbers of isolations from the red meats were made during June and September (8.6%) as compared with December and March (4.2%). These results provide a baseline, for the prevalence of campylobacters in these selected foods, and also support epidemiologic data associating mishandled foods of animal origin as a potential vehicle in human gastroenteritis.
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Shanker, S., A. Lee, and T. C. Sorrell. "Campylobacter jejuniin broilers: the role of vertical transmission." Journal of Hygiene 96, no. 2 (April 1986): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002217240006592x.
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SUMMARYThe role of broiler eggs in the transmission ofCampylobacter jejunito broiler grow-out flocks was investigated. Six breeder flocks supplying broiler eggs to hatcheries were examined for cloacal carriage ofC. jejuni. Of 240 birds tested, 178 (74%) wereC. jejuni-positive. Eggs from these birds examined forC. jejunipenetration of the egg shell indicated that 185 of 187 were campylobacter-free. Eggs from breeder flocks of unknownC. jejunistatus were also examined forC. jejunishell penetration.C. jejuniwas not isolated from 142 eggs examined. A further 193 hatchery eggs incubated and hatched in the laboratory were campylobacter-free. Six farms containing the progeny ofC. jejuni-positive breeder flocks were monitored. Eight hundred and forty birds from 14 flocks m these grow-out farms were campylobacter-free during their 6-week grow-out period. Experimental egg-penetration studies indicated thatC. jejunitransmission via the egg is not easily effected. Of 257 eggs surface-challenged withC. jejuni, 162 hatched; all were campylobacter-free. Of 167 eggs injected withC. jejuni, 12 hatched; 2 of these were colonized withC. jejuni. Our data do not support a role for vertical transmission ofC. jejuniin commercial broiler production.
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Peterz, Mats. "Comparison of Preston Agar and a Blood-Free Selective Medium for Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Food." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 4 (July 1, 1991): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.4.651.
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Abstract The present collaborative study compares recovery of Campylobacter Jejuni from food in 2 agar media. Six laboratories analyzed 8 samples each of chicken liver Inoculated with Campylobacter Jejuni. Samples were enriched in Preston broth and isolation was carried out on Preston agar (PA) and Campylobacter blood-free selective medium (CBFS), a charcoal- based medium with cefoperazone and amphoteracin as antibiotic supplements. There was no difference In the recovery rate between the 2 agar media; however, the specificity of CBFS was better than that of PA. There was a slightly better growth of Campylobacters, and competing organisms were more inhibited on CBFS than on PA.
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Strakova, Nicol, Kristyna Korena, Tereza Gelbicova, Pavel Kulich, and Renata Karpiskova. "A Rapid Culture Method for the Detection of Campylobacter from Water Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116098.
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The natural environment and water are among the sources of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. A limited number of protocols exist for the isolation of campylobacters in poorly filterable water. Therefore, the goal of our work was to find a more efficient method of Campylobacter isolation and detection from wastewater and surface water than the ISO standard. In the novel rapid culture method presented here, samples are centrifuged at high speed, and the resuspended pellet is inoculated on a filter, which is placed on Campylobacter selective mCCDA agar. The motile bacteria pass through the filter pores, and mCCDA agar suppresses the growth of background microbiota on behalf of campylobacters. This culture-based method is more efficient for the detection and isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from poorly filterable water than the ISO 17995 standard. It also is less time-consuming, taking only 72 h and comprising three steps, while the ISO standard method requires five or six steps and 144–192 h. This novel culture method, based on high-speed centrifugation, bacterial motility, and selective cultivation conditions, can be used for the detection and isolation of various bacteria from water samples.
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Fernández, Heriberto, and Rodolfo Martin. "Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs." Revista de Saúde Pública 25, no. 6 (December 1991): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101991000600009.
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The natural distribution of thermotolerant Campylobacter sp. in dogs (150 stray animals and 64 pets) was studied. Campylobacters were more frequently isolated (p<0.01) from stray dogs (51.3%) rather than from pet dogs (21.9%). All the biotypes described by Lior for C. jejuni and C. coli were found among stray animals, whereas only C. jejuni biotypes I and II and C. coli biotype II were found among pet dogs. The need for more studies related to the role of environmental sanitary conditions in the spreading of Campylobacter species is noted.
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Bae, Wonki, Katherine N. Kaya, Dale D. Hancock, Douglas R. Call, Yong Ho Park, and Thomas E. Besser. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from Cattle Farms in Washington State." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 1 (January 2005): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.1.169-174.2005.
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ABSTRACT The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was investigated in cattle on Washington State farms. A total of 350 thermophilic Campylobacter isolates were isolated from 686 cattle sampled on 15 farms (eight dairies, two calf rearer farms, two feedlots, and three beef cow-calf ranches). Isolate species were identified with a combination of phenotypic tests, hipO colony blot hybridization, and multiplex lpxA PCR. Breakpoint resistance to four antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and doxycycline) was determined by agar dilution. Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequent species isolated (34.1%), followed by Campylobacter coli (7.7%) and other thermophilic campylobacters (1.5%). The most frequently detected resistance was to doxycycline (42.3% of 350 isolates). Isolates from calf rearer facilities were more frequently doxycycline resistant than isolates from other farm types. C. jejuni was most frequently susceptible to all four of the antimicrobial drugs studied (58.8% of 272 isolates). C. coli isolates were more frequently resistant than C. jejuni, including resistance to quinolone antimicrobials (89.3% of isolates obtained from calves on calf rearer farms) and to erythromycin (72.2% of isolates obtained from feedlot cattle). Multiple drug resistance was more frequent in C. coli (51.5%) than in C. jejuni (5.1%). The results of this study demonstrate that C. jejuni is widely distributed among Washington cattle farms, while C. coli is more narrowly distributed but significantly more resistant.
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Ekin, I. H., K. Gürtürk, A. Arslan, and B. Boynukara. "Prevalence and Characteristics of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Gallbladder of Slaughtered Sheep in Van (Eastern) Turkey." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 1 (2006): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675010145.
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To determine the prevalence of campylobacter species in gallbladder of sheep in Van, (Eastern) Turkey, a total of 220 gallbladder samples from healthy slaughtered sheep were examined bacteriologically in October 2000 and 2002. Of the 110 samples examined each year, 27 (24.6%) and 24 (21.8%) campylobacter strains were isolated, respectively. Of the 27 campylobacter strains isolated in the year 2000, 14 (51.9%) were identified as C. jejuni, 7 (25.9%) C. fetus, 3 (11.1%) C. coli and 3 (11.1%) C. lari. Similar results were obtained in the study performed in 2002, but C. lari could not be isolated. Growth and biochemical characteristics of all identified Campylobacter species with some exceptions were typical of each species. Six of 13 examined C. fetus strains grew well at both 25 °C and 42 °C in thioglycollate medium and on blood agar. C. jejuni strains differed from C. coli only by Na-hippurate hydrolysis test. Results of the present study revealed that C. jejuni is the most common campylobacter species isolated from gallbladders of sheep. The thermophilic campylobacters in significant proportions may cause contamination of carcass during slaughter and transmission of the food-borne pathogens to humans.
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Mossel, D. A. A. "Media for Campylobacter jejuni and other campylobacters." International Journal of Food Microbiology 2, no. 1-2 (June 1985): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(85)90065-0.
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TRESIERRA-AYALA, Álvaro, María E. BENDAYÁN-ACOSTA, Alfonso BERNUY-RODRÍGUEZ, Gustavo PEREYRA-PANDURO, and Freddy ESPINOZA-CAMPOS. "CAMPYLOBACTERS TERMOTOLERANTES EN AVES DE CORRAL DE LA CIUDAD DE IQUITOS." Folia Amazónica 7, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2006): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.24841/fa.v7i1-2.373.
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Con el fin de determinar la importancia de las aves de corral como reservorios naturales de los clásicos Campylobacters termotolerantes, nuestras fecales de pollos, pavos, patos y palomas de Iquitos, fueron colocadas en un medio de enriquecimiento. Técnicas convencionales fueron utilizadas para identificar a C. jejuni ssp. jejuni, C. coli y C. lari. Campylobacter spp. fueron aislados del 36,8% de los animales estudiados, aislándose con mayor frecuencia a C. jejuni ssp. jejuni (23,6%). El pollo resultó ser el reservorio más importante de estos microorganismos (54,0%).
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Burnens, André P., and Jacques Nicolet. "Detection of Campylobacter upsaliensis in diarrheic dogs and cats, using a selective medium with cefoperazone." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.01.48.
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Summary Using a newly formulated selective medium containing cefoperazone, we isolated 72 Campylobacter strains in fecal samples from 397 diarrheic dogs and cats. Of these, 39 were thermophilic catalase-negative Campylobacter species. We identified these Campylobacter strains by dna:dna hybridization, using digoxigenin-labeled total genomic dna of 4 Campylobacter reference strains (C jejuni, C coli, C lari, and C upsaliensis) as a probe. The labeling was done with a commercially available kit. We could identify 66 of the 72 Campylobacter isolates to the species level with this method; identification with probes always agreed with conventional test results. Of the 66 identified strains, 33 were C upsaliensis and 33 were C jejuni. Six isolates could not be assigned to a known species with probes or conventional tests. On the basis of our findings, C upsaliensis is more resistant to cefoperazone than to cephalothin, thereby explaining the unexpected recovery of these Campylobacters on cephalosporin-containing media.
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Engberg, Jørgen, Stephen L. W. On, Clare S. Harrington, and Peter Gerner-Smidt. "Prevalence of Campylobacter , Arcobacter , Helicobacter , and Sutterella spp. in Human Fecal Samples as Estimated by a Reevaluation of Isolation Methods for Campylobacters." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.286-291.2000.
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ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of campylobacteria including Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni ( C. jejuni ) and Campylobacter coli in human clinical samples and in samples from healthy individuals and to reevaluate the efficacies of conventional selective methods for isolation of Campylobacter spp. Two charcoal-based selective media, modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and cefoperazone-amphotericin-teicoplanin (CAT) agar, were compared with Skirrow's blood-based medium and with a filter method (filter) applied to a yeast-enriched blood agar. A total of 1,376 specimens were tested on all four media, and the percentages of thermophilic Campylobacter -positive specimens isolated on Skirrow's medium, filters, CAT agar, and mCCDA were 82, 83, 85, and 95%, respectively. When additional samples were processed with the three selective media, mCCDA recovered significantly more thermophilic Campylobacter spp. than Skirrow's medium ( P = 0.0034). No significant difference between Skirrow's medium and CAT agar was observed in this study. Another six taxa were identified, namely, Campylobacter concisus , Campylobacter curvus -like bacteria, Arcobacter butzleri , Arcobacter cryaerophilus , Helicobacter cinaedi , and Sutterella wadsworthensis . Most of these strains were isolated after 5 to 6 days of incubation by use of the filter technique. This paper provides evidence for the existence of S. wadsworthensis in human feces from clinical cases of gastrointestinal disorders and in feces from a healthy individual. Furthermore, C. concisus was isolated from a large number of diarrheal cases, particularly those at the extremes of age, but was additionally isolated from the feces of healthy people. Further investigations to establish the role of C. concisus and S. wadsworthensis in enteric disease is needed. We conclude that a range of campylobacteria may cause infections in Denmark.
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Korhonen, L. K., and P. J. Martikainen. "Comparison of the survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in culturable form in surface water." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-089.
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Six Campylobacter jejuni and six Campylobacter coli strains were isolated from cows and pigs, and their survival in lake water was compared by viable counts. Campylobacter jejuni survived longer in culturable form than C. coli in untreated and membrane-filtered water both at 4 and 20 °C. This difference in survival time may be a reason why C. jejuni is generally isolated from surface waters more frequently than C. coli. Both species survived better in filtered than in untreated water. This suggests that predation and competition for nutrients affect the survival of both Campylobacter species in the aquatic environment. Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, predation, competition, survival, water.
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Line, John Eric, Bruce S. Seal, and Johnna K. Garrish. "Selected Antimicrobial Peptides Inhibit In Vitro Growth of Campylobacter spp." Applied Microbiology 2, no. 4 (September 21, 2022): 688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2040053.
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Campylobacter is a major cause of acute human diarrheal illness. Broiler chickens constitute a primary reservoir for C. jejuni leading to human infection. Consequently, there is a need for developing novel intervention methods. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are small proteins which have evolved in most lifeforms to provide defense against microbial infections. To date, over 3000 AMP have been discovered; however, few of them have been analyzed specifically for ability to kill campylobacters. We selected and evaluated a set of 11 unique chemically synthesized AMP for ability to inhibit growth of C. jejuni. Six of the AMP we tested produced zones of inhibition on lawns of C. jejuni. These AMP included: NRC-13, RL-37, Temporin L, Cecropin–Magainin, Dermaseptin, and C12K-2β12. In addition, MIC were determined for Cecropin–Magainin, RL-37 and C12K-2β12 against 15 isolates of Campylobacter representing the three most common pathogenic strains. MIC for campylobacters were approximately 3.1 µg/mL for AMP RL-37 and C12K-2β12. MIC were slightly higher for the Cecropin–Magainin AMP in the range of 12.5 to 100 µg/mL. These AMP are attractive subjects for future study and potential in vivo delivery to poultry to reduce Campylobacter spp. populations.
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Morlet, Nigel, and Ross Glancy. "Campylobacter jejuni appendicitis." Medical Journal of Australia 145, no. 1 (July 1986): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb113754.x.
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Berkowicz, John, Adrian Lee, and Ross Sutton. "Campylobacter jejuni infections." Medical Journal of Australia 146, no. 2 (January 1987): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb136288.x.
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KAIJSER, BERTIL. "Campylobacter jejuni/coli." APMIS 96, no. 1-6 (January 1988): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05303.x.
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Hänninen, M. L., and R. Kärenlampi. "Campylobacter in waterborne epidemics in Finland." Water Supply 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0026.
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The sources for drinking water in Finland are surface water, groundwater or artificially recharged groundwater. There are approximately 1400 groundwater plants in Finland that are microbiologically at a high risk level because in most cases they do not use any disinfection treatment. Campylobacter jejuni has caused waterborne epidemics in several countries. Since the middle of the 1980s, C. jejuni has been identified as the causative agent in several waterborne outbreaks in Finland. Between 1998 and 2001, C. jejuni or C. upsaliensis caused seven reported waterborne epidemics. In these epidemics approximately 4000 people acquired the illness. Most of the outbreaks occurred in July, August , September or October. In four of them source water and net water samples were analysed for total coliforms or fecal coliforms, E. coli and campylobacters. We showed that large volumes of water samples in studies of indicator organisms (up to 5000 ml) and campylobacters (4000–20,000 ml) increased the possibility to identify faecal contamination and to detect the causative agent from suspected sources.
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GRAU, FREDERICK H. "Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Hyointestinalis in the Intestinal Tract and on the Carcasses of Calves and Cattle." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.11.857.
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Campylobacter jejuni was commonly detected in both rumen (74%) and faecal (54%) samples obtained at slaughter from calves which were about 4-weeks old but was much less frequently found in adult cattle. However there was a high incidence (47–88%) of C. hyointestinalis in intestinal tract samples from both calves and cattle. While C. jejuni occurred in ruminal material at only low counts (less than 100/g), C. hyointestinalis was often present at high counts (above 105/g). Lot-fed cattle were more likely to have both organisms in their intestinal tracts and on their carcasses than were pasture-fed cattle. Chilling cattle carcasses for 20–24 h significantly reduced the incidence of both Campylobacter species on the carcasses. In contrast campylobacters were found on almost all calf carcasses examined after chilling. The mean count of C. jejuni on calf carcasses before chilling was about 16/cm2 and decreased by about 10-fold after 20 h of chilling.
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Huang, Hongsheng, Brian W. Brooks, Ruff Lowman, and Catherine D. Carrillo. "Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 10 (October 2015): 701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0770.
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Campylobacter species, particularly thermophilic campylobacters, have emerged as a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari responsible for the majority of human infections. Although most cases of campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, campylobacteriosis represents a significant public health burden. Human illness caused by infection with campylobacters has been reported across Canada since the early 1970s. Many studies have shown that dietary sources, including food, particularly raw poultry and other meat products, raw milk, and contaminated water, have contributed to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Canada. Campylobacter spp. have also been detected in a wide range of animal and environmental sources, including water, in Canada. The purpose of this article is to review (i) the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in animals, food, and the environment, and (ii) the relevant testing programs in Canada with a focus on the potential links between campylobacters and human health in Canada.
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Inglis, G. D., L. D. Kalischuk, and H. W. Busz. "A survey ofCampylobacterspecies shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-087.
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A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. To ensure the removal of PCR inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control DNA (i.e., DNA designed to amplify with the Campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. In only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or Campylobacter genus amplicons not detected. In the remaining 380 faecal samples, Campylobacter DNA was detected in 83% of the faecal samples (80% of the faecal samples were positive for Campylobacter genus DNA, and 3% of the samples were negative for Campylobacter genus DNA but positive for DNA of individual species). The most frequently detected species was Campylobacter lanienae (49%), a species only recently connected to livestock hosts. Campylobacter jejuni DNA was detected in 38% of the faecal samples, and Campylobacter hyointestinalis and Campylobacter coli DNA were detected in 8% and 0.5% of the samples, respectively. Campylobacter fetus DNA was not detected. Twenty-four percent of the faecal samples contained DNA of at least two species of Campylobacter. Of these samples, the majority (81%) contained DNA of C. jejuni and C. lanienae. The results of this study indicate that beef cattle commonly release a variety of Campylobacter species into the environment and may contribute to the high prevalence of campylobacteriosis in humans inhabiting areas of intensive cattle production, such as southern Alberta. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of using PCR as a rapid and accurate method for simultaneously detecting the DNA of a diverse number of Campylobacter species associated with bovine faeces.Key words: campylobacters, detection, technique, Bos taurus.
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Inglis, G. Douglas, Lisa D. Kalischuk, Hilma W. Busz, and John P. Kastelic. "Colonization of Cattle Intestines by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lanienae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 9 (September 2005): 5145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.5145-5153.2005.
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ABSTRACT The location and abundance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lanienae in the intestines of beef cattle were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR in two studies. In an initial study, digesta and tissue samples were obtained along the digestive tract of two beef steers known to shed C. jejuni and C. lanienae (steers A and B). At the time of slaughter, steer B weighed 540 kg, compared to 600 kg for steer A, yet the intestine of steer B (40.5 m) was 36% longer than the intestine of steer A (26.1 m). In total, 323 digesta samples (20-cm intervals) and 998 tissue samples (3.3- to 6.7-cm intervals) were processed. Campylobacter DNA was detected in the digesta and in association with tissues throughout the small and large intestines of both animals. Although C. jejuni and C. lanienae DNA were detected in both animals, only steer A contained substantial quantities of C. jejuni DNA. In both digesta and tissues of steer A, C. jejuni was present in the duodenum and jejunum. Considerable quantities of C. jejuni DNA also were observed in the digesta obtained from the cecum and ascending colon, but minimal DNA was associated with tissues of these regions. In contrast, steer B contained substantial quantities of C. lanienae DNA, and DNA of this bacterium was limited to the large intestine (i.e., the cecum, proximal ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum); the majority of tissue-associated C. lanienae DNA was present in the cecum, descending colon, and rectum. In a second study, the location and abundance of C. jejuni and C. lanienae DNA were confirmed in the intestines of 20 arbitrarily selected beef cattle. DNA of C. jejuni and C. lanienae were detected in the digesta of 57% and 95% of the animals, respectively. C. jejuni associated with intestinal tissues was most abundant in the duodenum, ileum, and rectum. However, one animal contributed disproportionately to the abundance of C. jejuni DNA in the ileum and rectum. C. lanienae was most abundant in the large intestine, and the highest density of DNA of this bacterium was found in the cecum. Therefore, C. jejuni colonized the proximal small intestine of asymptomatic beef cattle, whereas C. lanienae primarily resided in the cecum, descending colon, and rectum. This information could be instrumental in developing efficacious strategies to manage the release of these bacteria from the gastrointestinal tracts of cattle.
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Tambur, Zoran, Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic, and Dubravko Bokonjic. "Determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of Campilobacter jejuni and Campilobacter coli isolated from human feces." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 1 (2009): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0901049t.
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Background/Aim. One of the most important bacterial zoonosis is campylobacteriosis. Human disease is mostly caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp: Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Campylobacter coli (C. coli), Campylobacter lari (C. lari) and Campylobacter upsaliensis (C. upsaliensis). Campylobacteriosis is a mild and self-healing disorder. In patients with more severe and prolonged forms, an antibiotic treatment is recommended. Recommended drugs are erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Lately, an increase of Campylobacter genus resistance to antibiotics mostly used in therapy is an annoying evidence. The rise coincided with the beginning of antibiotic use, especially quinolones, in veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from human feces and to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics and hemotherapeutics mostly used in campylobacteriosis treatment. Methods. Sensitivity to erythromycin, tetracyclin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin of 24 strains of Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans was investigated by E-test. Results. Seventeen C. jejuni and seven C. coli strains were investigated. Six (25%) out of 24 C. jejuni and C. coli investigated strains were resistant to ampicillin and seven (29.2%) were resistant to tetracycline. Twelve (50%) C. jejuni and C. coli investigated strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. C. jejuni was more resistant (52.9%). Four (23.5%) C. jejuni strains were resistant to erythromycin and 11.7% to choramphenicol. None of C. coli strains were resistant to both chloramphenicol and erytromycin. Conclusons. Testing sensitivity to erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin demonstrated a rather high resistance frequency of C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from humans. C. jejuni strains were more resistant than those of C. coli.
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Tambur, Zoran, Igor Stojanov, Sonja Konstantinovic, Dara Jovanovic, Desanka Cenic-Milosevic, and Dolores Opacic. "Multi drug resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to tested antibiotics in strains originating from humans, poultry and swine." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 118 (2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1018027t.
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Thermophilic Campylobacter are among the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans. Food animals are considered one of the most important sources of Campylobacter causing infections in man. Campylobacter infection is clinically mild and resolves spontaneously. In severe or long-lasting cases, treatment with antibiotics is necessary. Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to drugs used in treatment of infection is a matter of concern. The aim of this paper is to determine presence of multi drug resistant strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from animals and man. Material for testing was obtained by scraping the cecum surface from boilers, pig cecum and colon, and human feces. For isolation Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli microaerophilic conditions, temperature of 42?C and antibiotic supplement were required to inhibit the growth of other intestinal bacteria. In this research, for sensitivity testing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli three different methods were used: disc diffusion test, E-test, and dilution agar method. A total of 55 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of the total, 24 strains originated from man, 16 from broilers were isolated, and 15 from pigs. Multidrug resistance was determined in cases when the strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Applying E-test, we detected that the largest number of Campylobacter jejuni were multi drug resistant to two antibiotics (41.2%), and three antibiotics (11.8%). Applying disc diffusion method it was detected that 5.9% of Campylobacter jejuni from man was resistant to four tested antibiotics. Applying all three methods, it was detected that the largest number of Campylobacter strains was resistant to two antibiotics and three antibiotics. Applying disc diffusion method it was detected that 50% of Campylobacter coli strains from pigs were resistant to three tested antibiotics.
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Qian, Hongliang, Ervinna Pang, Qingyun Du, Jason Chang, Jin Dong, Say Ling Toh, Fook Kheong Ng, Ai Ling Tan, and Jimmy Kwang. "Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for the Major Outer Membrane Protein of Campylobacter jejuni and Characterization of the Epitope." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 3 (December 7, 2007): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01559-07.
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ABSTRACT Campylobacter species are important enteric pathogens causing disease in humans and animals. There is a lack of a good immunological test that can be used routinely to separate Campylobacter jejuni from other Campylobacter species. We produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. jejuni using recombinant MOMP as the antigen. One MAb, designated MAb5C4 and of the immunoglobulin G1 isotype, was found to be potentially specific for C. jejuni. Dot blots demonstrated that MAb5C4 reacted with all 29 isolates of C. jejuni tested but did not react with 2 C. jejuni isolates, 26 other Campylobacter spp. isolates, and 19 non-Campylobacter isolates. Western blotting showed that MAb5C4 bound to a single protein band approximately 43 kDa in size, corresponding to the expected size of C. jejuni MOMP. The detection limit of MAb5C4 in a dot blot assay was determined to be about 5 × 103 bacteria. The epitope on the MOMP was mapped to a region six amino acids in length with the sequence 216GGQFNP221, which is 97% conserved among C. jejuni strains but divergent in other Campylobacter spp.; a GenBank search indicated that 95% of C. jejuni isolates will be able to be detected from non-Campylobacter spp. based on the highly specific and conserved region of the GGQFNP polypeptide. The epitope is predicted to be located in a region that is exposed to the periplasm. MAb5C4 is a potentially specific and sensitive MAb that can be used for the specific detection and identification of C. jejuni.
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Inglis, G. Douglas, and Lisa D. Kalischuk. "Use of PCR for Direct Detection of Campylobacter Species in Bovine Feces." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3435-3447.2003.
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ABSTRACT This study reports on the use of PCR to directly detect and distinguish Campylobacter species in bovine feces without enrichment. Inhibitors present in feces are a major obstacle to using PCR to detect microorganisms. The QIAamp DNA stool minikit was found to be an efficacious extraction method, as determined by the positive amplification of internal control DNA added to bovine feces before extraction. With nested or seminested multiplex PCR, Campylobacter coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. jejuni were detected in all fecal samples inoculated at ≈104 CFU g−1, and 50 to 83% of the samples inoculated at ≈103 CFU g−1 were positive. At ≈102 CFU g−1, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. jejuni (17 to 50% of the samples) but not C. coli were detected by PCR. From uninoculated bovine feces, a total of 198 arbitrarily selected isolates of Campylobacter were recovered on four commonly used isolation media incubated at three temperatures. The most frequently isolated taxa were C. jejuni (152 isolates) and C. lanienae (42 isolates), but isolates of C. fetus subsp. fetus, Arcobacter butzleri, and A. skirrowii also were recovered (≤2 isolates per taxon). Considerable variability was observed in the frequency of isolation of campylobacters among the four media and three incubation temperatures tested. With genus-specific primers, Campylobacter DNA was detected in 75% of the fecal samples, representing an 8% increase in sensitivity relative to that obtained with microbiological isolation across the four media and three incubation temperatures tested. With nested primers, C. jejuni and C. lanienae were detected in 25 and 67% of the samples, respectively. In no instance was DNA from either C. coli, C. fetus, or C. hyointestinalis detected in uninoculated bovine feces. PCR was more sensitive than isolation on microbiological media for detecting C. lanienae (17%) but not C. jejuni. Campylobacters are a diverse and fastidious group of bacteria, and the development of direct PCR not only will increase the understanding of Campylobacter species diversity and their frequency of occurrence in feces but also will enhance the knowledge of their role in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock and of the factors that influence shedding.
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Barroso, Claudia B., Liliane M. Seki, Wagner T. C. Esteves, Michele C. Nascimento, and Aurea Echevarria. "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Isatin against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains." Applied Microbiology 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2024): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4010034.
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Antibiotic resistance, particularly against fluoroquinolones and macrolides, has emerged globally among thermophilic Campylobacters (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli), giving rise to concerns about the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of these bacteria. Thus, developing new antibacterials with excellent activity is important. Isatin (IST) and its derivatives have exhibited promising antibacterial activities in several pathogenic bacteria. However, its activity against Campylobacter is unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of isatin against 29-Campylobacter strains (C. jejuni-17 and C. coli-12) and investigate the effects at the cellular level. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isatin were between <1.0 and 16.0 µg/mL in Campylobacter strains. Most strains presented with MIC = 8.0 µg/mL (76%). The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined to be 16.0 µg/mL for 72% of the Campylobacter strains tested. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for isatin was 125.63 µg/mL on the MRC-5 normal cell line, suggesting that isatin can be considered a safe substance in terms of cytotoxicity. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of isatin based on its low toxicity and effectiveness in vitro against antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter strains, which indicates that this compound could be an attractive candidate for future use in multidrug-resistant Campylobacter treatment.
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Hald, Birthe, Katrine Knudsen, Peter Lind, and Mogens Madsen. "Study of the Infectivity of Saline-StoredCampylobacter jejuni for Day-Old Chicks." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 2388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.5.2388-2392.2001.
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ABSTRACT The culturability of three Campylobacter jejunistrains and their infectivity for day-old chicks were assessed following storage of the strains in saline. The potential for colonization of chicks was weakened during the storage period and terminated 3 to 4 weeks before the strains became nonculturable. The results from this study suggest that the role of starved and aged but still culturable campylobacters may be diminutive, but even more, that the role of viable but nonculturable stages in campylobacter epidemiology may be negligible. Even high levels of maternally derived anti-campylobacter outer membrane protein serum antibodies in day-old chicks did not protect the chicks from campylobacter colonization.
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Riordan, T., T. J. Humphrey, and A. Fowles. "A point source outbreak of campylobacter infection related to bird-pecked milk." Epidemiology and Infection 110, no. 2 (April 1993): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800068187.
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SUMMARYA point source outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni affected 11 children in a day nursery. Milk consumed by the children was known to have been pecked by magpies on occasions. Illness was significantly associated with consumption of milk on a single morning. Examination of milk from a bottle pecked after the outbreak yielded campylobacters. The level of contamination was approximately six cells of C. jejuni per 500 ml of milk.
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Connerton, P. L., C. M. Loc Carrillo, C. Swift, E. Dillon, A. Scott, C. E. D. Rees, C. E. R. Dodd, J. Frost, and I. F. Connerton. "Longitudinal Study of Campylobacter jejuni Bacteriophages and Their Hosts from Broiler Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 3877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.3877-3883.2004.
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ABSTRACT A longitudinal study of bacteriophages and their hosts was carried out at a broiler house that had been identified as having a population of Campylobacter-specific bacteriophages. Cloacal and excreta samples were collected from three successive broiler flocks reared in the same barn. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from each flock, whereas bacteriophages could be isolated from flocks 1 and 2 but were not isolated from flock 3. The bacteriophages isolated from flocks 1 and 2 were closely related to each other in terms of host range, morphology, genome size, and genetic content. All Campylobacter isolates from flock 1 were genotypically indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE and multilocus sequence typing indicated that this C. jejuni type was maintained from flock 1 to flock 2 but was largely superseded by three genetically distinct C. jejuni types insensitive to the resident bacteriophages. All isolates from the third batch of birds were insensitive to bacteriophages and genotypically distinct. These results are significant because this is the first study of an environmental population of C. jejuni bacteriophages and their influence on the Campylobacter populations of broiler house chickens. The role of developing bacteriophage resistance was investigated as this is a possible obstacle to the use of bacteriophage therapy to reduce the numbers of campylobacters in chickens. In this broiler house succession was largely due to incursion of new genotypes rather than to de novo development of resistance.
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Bojanić, Krunoslav, Els Acke, Wendi D. Roe, Jonathan C. Marshall, Angela J. Cornelius, Patrick J. Biggs, and Anne C. Midwinter. "Comparison of the Pathogenic Potential of Campylobacter jejuni, C. upsaliensis and C. helveticus and Limitations of Using Larvae of Galleria mellonella as an Infection Model." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090713.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter enteritis in humans is primarily associated with C. jejuni/coli infection. Other species cause campylobacteriosis relatively infrequently; while this could be attributed to bias in diagnostic methods, the pathogenicity of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter spp. such as C. upsaliensis and C. helveticus (isolated from dogs and cats) is uncertain. Galleria mellonella larvae are suitable models of the mammalian innate immune system and have been applied to C. jejuni studies. This study compared the pathogenicity of C. jejuni, C. upsaliensis, and C. helveticus isolates. Larvae inoculated with either C. upsaliensis or C. helveticus showed significantly higher survival than those inoculated with C. jejuni. All three Campylobacter species induced indistinguishable histopathological changes in the larvae. C. jejuni could be isolated from inoculated larvae up to eight days post-inoculation whereas C. upsaliensis and C. helveticus could only be isolated in the first two days. There was a significant variation in the hazard rate between batches of larvae, in Campylobacter strains, and in biological replicates as random effects, and in species and bacterial dose as fixed effects. The Galleria model is applicable to other Campylobacter spp. as well as C. jejuni, but may be subject to significant variation with all Campylobacter species. While C. upsaliensis and C. helveticus cannot be considered non-pathogenic, they are significantly less pathogenic than C. jejuni.
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SMITH, JAMES L., and PINA M. FRATAMICO. "Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.6.1141.
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Campylobacter is a commensal in poultry, and therefore, poultry and poultry products are major sources of Campylobacter infections in humans. Fluoroquinolones inhibit the growth of Campylobacter and other microorganisms by binding to bacterial DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are associated with bacterial transcription, replication, and chromosome condensation and segregation. Selection pressure in the presence of fluoroquinolones rapidly leads to resistance in Campylobacter, due to the selection for mutations in DNA gyrase. Fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters have been found in poultry feces and carcasses, and in retail poultry meat products in most areas of the world. In addition, other food animals and the meat products from those animals have been shown contaminated with fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters. Even the removal of fluoroquinolones from use in treating animal diseases has not entirely eliminated the presence of resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from animals and animal products. Human exposure to Campylobacter infection could be reduced by using strategies that decrease colonization of chickens by the pathogen.
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Kosunen, Timo U., Dan Danielsson, and Jan Kjellander. "SEROLOGY OF CAMPYLOBACTER FETUS SS. JEJUNI (»RELATED« CAMPYLOBACTERS)." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology 88B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02630.x.
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Otasevic, Marica, Branislava Lazarevic-Jovanovic, Desanka Tasic-Dimov, Nebojsa Djordjevic, and Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic. "Participation of some campylobacter species in the etiology of enterocolitis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 61, no. 1 (2004): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0401021o.
Full textAbstract:
Background. In recent decades, medical community has increasingly been calling attention to the importance of Campylobacter as an disease-causing agent in humans. Nowdays, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is known as the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. Epidemiological differences of the infections caused by Campylobacter, present in the developed and the developing countries, are attributed to the differences of the types of virulence. Due to the specificity, and the demanding features of Campylobacter, as well as poorly equipped microbiological laboratories, campylobacteriosis is insufficiently studied in our country. This investigation aimed to determine the participation of some Campylobacter species in the etiology of diarrheal diseases in our population. Methods. The four-years continuous monitoring of Campylobacter presence was performed in the faeces of 12 605 patients with enterocolitis. The control group included 5 774 examinees of healthy children and youth. Faeces samples were cultivated on Skirrow's selective medium, and further incubated according to effective methodology for Campylobacter. Identification of strains was based on morphological, cultural and physiologic features of strains (oxidase test, catalase test, susceptibility to nalidixic acid, and hypurate hydrolysis). As a statistical method, for data processing, c2 test and Fisher?s exact test were used. Results. Campylobacter was proven in 3.86% of enterocolitis patients, and in 0.71% of healthy population. Out of 518 Campylobacter isolates, 86.48% belonged to enterocolitis outpatients, and 13,51% to inpatients. Predominant symptoms of the disease were diarrhea (81.83%), increased temperature (34.71%), vomiting (19.77%), and stomach pain (15.17%). The diseased were predominantly infants in the first year of life. Out of 300 Campylobacter isolates, 75% were identified as Campylobacer jejuni, 23% as Campylobacter coli (C. coli), and 2% as Campylobacter lari (C. lari). Conclusion. Species of Campylobacter genus participate in the etiology of enterocolitis at 3.86%. According to numerous parameters the infection in our population coincides with the infection in the population of European countries. Frequent findings of C. coli in our region are in discrepancy with the results of numerous studies conducted in the developed countries.
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Hellein, Kristen N., Cynthia Battie, Eric Tauchman, Deanna Lund, Omar A. Oyarzabal, and Joe Eugene Lepo. "Culture-based indicators of fecal contamination and molecular microbial indicators rarely correlate with Campylobacter spp. in recreational waters." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 4 (June 21, 2011): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.154.
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Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Most human infections result from contaminated food; however, infections are also caused by recreational waterway contamination. Campylobacter culture is technically challenging and enumeration by culture-based methods is onerous. Thus, we employed qPCR to quantify Campylobacter spp. in fresh- and marine-water samples, raw sewage and animal feces. Multiplex PCR determined whether Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli, most commonly associated with human disease, were present in qPCR-positive samples. Campylobacters were detected in raw sewage, and in feces of all avian and mammalian species tested. Campylobacter-positive concentrations ranged from 68 to 2.3 × 106 cells per 500 mL. Although C. jejuni and C. coli were rare in waterways, they were prevalent in sewage and feces. Campylobacter-specific qPCR screening of environmental waters did not correlate with the regulatory EPA method 1600 (Enterococcus culture), nor with culture-independent, molecular-based microbial source tracking indicators, such as human polyomavirus, human Bacteroidales and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Our results suggest that neither the standard EPA method nor the newly proposed culture-independent methods are appropriate surrogates for Campylobacter contamination in water. Thus, assays for specific pathogens may be necessary to protect human health, especially in waters that are contaminated with sewage and animal feces.