Relevant bibliographies by topics / Campylobacter jejuni

Academic literature on the topic 'Campylobacter jejuni'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Campylobacter jejuni"

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Hakkinen, Marjaana, Helmi Heiska, and Marja-Liisa Hänninen. "Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Cattle in Finland and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Bovine Campylobacter jejuni Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 10 (March 16, 2007): 3232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02579-06.

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ABSTRACT The study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Finnish cattle at slaughter and carcass contamination after slaughter. During the period January to December 2003, bovine rectal fecal samples (n = 952) and carcass surface samples (n = 948) from 12 out of 15 Finnish slaughterhouses were examined. In total, campylobacters were detected in 31.1% of fecal samples and in 3.5% of carcass surface samples. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 19.5%, Campylobacter coli from 2.2%, and presumptive Campylobacter hyointestinalis from 10.8% of fecal samples. Campylobacters were detected in 4.4% and 37.4% of the fecal samples examined both by direct culture and by enrichment (n = 730), respectively, suggesting a low level of campylobacters in the intestinal content. A slightly increasing trend was observed in the overall prevalence of campylobacters towards the end of summer and autumn. Seventeen different serotypes were detected among the fecal C. jejuni isolates using a set of 25 commercial antisera for serotyping heat-stable antigens (Penner) of C. jejuni by passive hemagglutination. The predominant serotypes, Pen2 and Pen4-complex, were isolated from 52% of the fecal samples. Subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (SmaI) yielded 56 and 20 subtypes out of 330 fecal and 70 carcass C. jejuni isolates, respectively. MICs of ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and oxytetracycline for 187 C. jejuni isolates were determined using a commercial broth microdilution method. Sixteen (9%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance to nalidixic acid was most commonly detected (6%). No multiresistance was observed.
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Wang, Haiyan. "Rapid Methods for Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.4.996.

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Abstract Campylobacter spp. are the most commonly reported bacterial cause of acute diarrheal disease in humans throughout the world. Traditional cultural methods for the detection and quantitation of Campylobacter spp. are slow and tedious; therefore, specific, sensitive, and rapid methods for campylobacters are needed to collect sufficient data for risk assessment and food safety policy development. We developed several rapid methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA hybridization, hydrophobic grid membrane filters (HGMFs), and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). A PCR assay targeting C. jejuni, combined with a simple sample preparation procedure, detects as few as 0.3 most probable number (MPN)/mL C. jejuni in naturally contaminated chicken rinses after 20–24 h enrichment. An HGMF–EIA method using a commercial polyclonal antibody for Campylobacter detects and enumerates thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from spiked chicken rinse and milk, and naturally contaminated chicken rinses. A C. jejuni–specific probe in an HGMF–DNA hybridization protocol specifically detects and quantitates C. jejuni in food samples. A dot-blot EIA combined with an MPN procedure quantitates thermophilic campylobacters from samples that might be difficult to filter through HGMFs.
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CABALLERO, Moisés, Isabel RIVERA, Luis M. JARA, Francisco M. ULLOA-STANOJLOVIC, and Carlos SHIVA. "ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC Escherichia coli AND Campylobacter jejuni IN FERAL PIGEONS FROM AN URBAN AREA IN THE CITY OF LIMA, PERU." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 5 (October 2015): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000500004.

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SUMMARY Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) live in close contact with humans and other animals. They can transmit potentially pathogenic and zoonotic agents. The objective of this study was to isolate and detect strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuniof urban feral pigeons from an area of Lima, Peru. Fresh dropping samples from urban parks were collected for microbiological isolation of E. coli strains in selective agar, and Campylobacterby filtration method. Molecular identification of diarrheagenic pathotypes of E.coliand Campylobacter jejuni was performed by PCR. Twenty-two parks were sampled and 16 colonies of Campylobacter spp. were isolated. The 100% of isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. Furthermore, 102 colonies of E. coli were isolated and the 5.88% resulted as Enteropathogenic (EPEC) type and 0.98% as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The urban feral pigeons of Lima in Peru can act as a reservoir or carriers of zoonotic potentially pathogenic enteric agents.
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Abd El-Aziz, Norhan K., Ahmed M. Ammar, Mona M. Hamdy, Adil A. Gobouri, Ehab Azab, and Alaa H. Sewid. "First Report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112067.

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Campylobacter species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Campylobacter species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) and 32.47% Campylobacter coli (C. coli). C. jejuni isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were integrase gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of aadA (81.08%) and dfrA (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter–bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.
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Adekunle, Olutoyin Catherine. "Effect of Bile on Campylobacter species isolated from stool samples in Osogbo." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/2202/60.0230.

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Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent human pathogen and a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In humans, C. jejuni colonises the intestinal tract, and its tolerance to bile is crucial for bacteria to survive and establish infection. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli have the highest rate of foodborne-related clinical Campylobacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effect of bile salts, acid, and bacteriocin on campylobacter isolates obtained from stool samples. Methods: Campylobacters were identified phenotypically in this study using biochemical tests and genotypically using 16S rRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR. The confirmed twenty-five Campylobacter isolates comprising18 C. jejuni and 7 C. coli were tested for physiological factors such as bile tolerance, bacteriocin tolerance and ability to synthesise proteolytic enzymes on a solid medium. Results: Campylobacter isolates survived at different concentrations of bile (2.1 -6.8%), low pH (7.1- 3.2) and in the presence of bacteriocin (3.8-6.8 AU/mL) with the production of proteolytic enzymes in the range of 16.2-15.2 mm. Conclusion: The ability of Campylobacter spp to survive in the presence of bacteriocin and different concentrations of acid and bile salt indicates the strains’ virulence
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WRIGHT, S. L., D. K. CARVER, R. M. SILETZKY, S. ROMINE, W. E. M. MORROW, and S. KATHARIOU. "Longitudinal Study of Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Turkeys and Swine Grown in Close Proximity." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1791.

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Eastern North Carolina is a major contributor to both turkey and swine production in the United States. In this region, turkeys and swine are frequently grown in close proximity and by common growers. To further characterize colonization of turkeys and swine with Campylobacter in such a setting, we investigated the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in eight paired operations involving turkey farms in close proximity to finishing swine farms. All 15 surveyed flocks and 15 herds were Campylobacter positive at one or more sampling times. Campylobacter was isolated from 1,310 (87%) of the 1,512 turkey samples and 1,116 (77%) of the 1,448 swine samples. Most (>99%) campylobacters from swine samples were Campylobacter coli, found in 59 to 97% of the samples from the different herds. Both Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were recovered from the turkey flocks (overall prevalences of 52 and 35%, respectively). Prevalence among flocks ranged from 31 to 86% for C. jejuni and 0 to 67% for C. coli, and both species were recovered from most flocks. Relative prevalence of C. coli was higher in young birds (brooders), whereas C. jejuni predominated in grow-out birds (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of C. coli in a swine herd was generally not a good predictor for prevalence of this species in the corresponding turkey flock. These findings indicate that even though turkeys and swine grown in proximity to each other were commonly colonized with thermophilic campylobacters, the relative prevalences of C. jejuni and C. coli appear to be host associated.
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Loc Carrillo, C., R. J. Atterbury, A. El-Shibiny, P. L. Connerton, E. Dillon, A. Scott, and I. F. Connerton. "Bacteriophage Therapy To Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Colonization of Broiler Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 6554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.6554-6563.2005.

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ABSTRACT Colonization of broiler chickens by the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is widespread and difficult to prevent. Bacteriophage therapy is one possible means by which this colonization could be controlled, thus limiting the entry of campylobacters into the human food chain. Prior to evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy, experimental models of Campylobacter colonization of broiler chickens were established by using low-passage C. jejuni isolates HPC5 and GIIC8 from United Kingdom broiler flocks. The screening of 53 lytic bacteriophage isolates against a panel of 50 Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens and 80 strains isolated after human infection identified two phage candidates with broad host lysis. These phages, CP8 and CP34, were orally administered in antacid suspension, at different dosages, to 25-day-old broiler chickens experimentally colonized with the C. jejuni broiler isolates. Phage treatment of C. jejuni-colonized birds resulted in Campylobacter counts falling between 0.5 and 5 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to untreated controls over a 5-day period postadministration. These reductions were dependent on the phage-Campylobacter combination, the dose of phage applied, and the time elapsed after administration. Campylobacters resistant to bacteriophage infection were recovered from phage-treated chickens at a frequency of <4%. These resistant types were compromised in their ability to colonize experimental chickens and rapidly reverted to a phage-sensitive phenotype in vivo. The selection of appropriate phage and their dose optimization are key elements for the success of phage therapy to reduce campylobacters in broiler chickens.
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Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Tatjana Babic, Branislava Kocic, Aleksandra Matkic, and Ljiljana Ristic. "Identification of campylobacter species isolates with phenotypic methods and polymerase chain reaction." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, no. 11-12 (2014): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1412708m.

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Introduction. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) are the most common bacterial causes of enterocolitis in humans. However, identification of the species level is not always possible using standard biochemical tests. Objective. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify these microorganisms by both phenotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Methods. A total of 153 species of thermophilic campylobacters were examined with standard biochemical tests and PCR technique to prove hipO genes of C. jejuni and asp genes of C. coli. Results Standard biochemical tests enabled the speciation of 121 strains of C. jejuni, while application of PCR detected 126 C. jejuni strains. Conclusion. PCR technique allowed not only identification of hippurate-positive C. jejuni, but also hipuratnegative strains of C. jejuni which otherwise would be detected as C. coli if only biochemical tests were applied.
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Andritsos, Nikolaos D., Nikolaos Tzimotoudis, and Marios Mataragas. "Prevalence and Distribution of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Species in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on the Factors Affecting the Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken Meat." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2023): 8079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148079.

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It is well known that the strong-evidence foodborne outbreaks of human campylobacteriosis are associated with the consumption of raw or incompletely thermally processed poultry meat, whereas broilers act as the main reservoir for Campylobacter species. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the two main species of campylobacters detected in chicken meat, while they account for almost 90% of the reported cases of campylobacteriosis in humans. Over 80% of these cases are attributed to C. jejuni and about 10% of them are due to C. coli. Therefore, until recently the dominance of C. jejuni against all other Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken meat samples was well-established and unquestionable. Lately, however, C. coli has been increasingly recovered from chicken meat to such an extent that it is now evident that it often comprises the dominant species among the identified campylobacters in the meat samples. This work attempts for the first time a detailed review of the literature to deepen into this noteworthy epidemiological swift in the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli, along with the distribution of Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat. Factors such as the sampling method followed for screening campylobacters in broiler carcasses (e.g., swabs or carcass rinsates, skinned or skinless meat excised samples) and part of the animal carcass from which the sample is obtained (e.g., neck, breast, leg), seasonality of sampling (summer vs. winter) and environmental conditions (e.g., rainfall, relative humidity) at the farm level, the isolation procedure (enumeration or detection) and pathogen identification (biochemical or molecular), the enrichment and plating isolation media (e.g., Bolton vs. Preston broth, charcoal-based vs. chromogenic agars), as well as the biofilm-forming ability of different campylobacters, highlight the multivariate dimension of the phenomenon and are thoroughly discussed in the present review.
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Snelling, W. J., M. Matsuda, J. E. Moore, and J. S. G. Dooley. "Campylobacter jejuni." Letters in Applied Microbiology 41, no. 4 (October 2005): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01788.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Campylobacter jejuni"

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Pratt, Alisa Annabelle. "Antibiotic Resistance Determinants of Australian Campylobacter Jejuni & Campylobacter Coli Isolates." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366198.

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Abstract: Campylobacter species are the most common cause of foodborne disease in Australia and many countries throughout the World. Although campylobacteriosis is usually self-limiting, severe cases and those in the young, elderly and immunocompromised require antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic resistant Campylobacter isolates however may prolong illness and increase the risk of invasive disease. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter is thought to have arisen through the selective pressure of exposure to antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine or animal husbandry, leading to the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants, and genetic elements that harbour such genes, amongst isolates. Little was known about tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance in Australian campylobacters, including the presence of resistance genes and associated genetic elements. Aims of this study were therefore to identify in Australian Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates i). Tetracycline resistant determinants and associated genetic elements, ii). Trimethoprim resistant determinants and associated genetic elements, and iii). Integron like structures and associated genetic elements. High-level tetracycline resistance was observed in 46 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, with MICs ranging from 32 to >256mg/ml. All isolates examined harboured the tetO gene, confirming that tetracycline resistance in Australian campylobacters is also due to the previously reported TetO determinant. While several studies have described a significant role for plasmids in tetracycline resistance, this study demonstrated that in the majority of isolates (78%), including two thirds of strains that harboured plasmids, resistance was due to chromosomally encoded tetO. Six C. jejuni isolates were able to transfer a tetO harbouring plasmid to another C. jejuni strain. Plasmids were detected in approximately 74% of resistant strains, and ranged in size from small to larger plasmids (21 - 50kb). ClaI profiling of plasmids revealed genetic diversity and indicated that the tetO gene may be carried by a variety of plasmids. High level trimethoprim resistance (MICs of 1000mg/ml and >1000mg/ml) was observed in all isolates (>100) examined from a second collection of C. jejuni, C. coli and non-C. jejuni/coli spp. Just over half of isolates harboured plasmids indicating that plasmids may not be involved in trimethoprim resistance in campylobacters. Isolates were also examined for the presence of the previously identified Campylobacter associated trimethoprim resistance genes dfr1 and dfr9. Although these genes play a significant role in this resistance, only approximately 16% of strains examined putatively harboured dfr1, and dfr9 was not detected. Integrons, antibiotic resistance gene acquisition and expression systems, play an important role in trimethoprim resistance due to carriage of dfr genes as inserted gene cassettes. Trimethoprim resistant Campylobacter isolates were examined for the presence of the intI1 and intI2 genes, encoding the class 1 and class 2 integrons. Only 5.56% of strains examined for intI1 putatively carried this gene, and only 1.67% of isolates examined for intI2 putatively carried intI2. Both putative intI1 positive and negative isolates produced a variety of amplicons, ranging in size from »210bp to >1.5kb, when analysed for gene cassette sequences inserted into class 1 integrons. This study has contributed to the knowledge of tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance, including the presence of resistance genes and associated genetic elements, in Australian isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Griffith University. School of Medical Science.
Griffith Health
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Deibel, Kurt Eugene. "A study of Campylobacter jejuni /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135358.

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Guthrie-Irons, Colette. "Biofilm formation in `Campylobacter jejuni'." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536794.

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Semchenko, Evgeny A. "Characterisation of Campylobacter jejuni Lipooligosaccharides." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366659.

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Campylobacter jejuni is a major bacterial cause of food-borne enteritis, and its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) plays an initiating role in the development of the autoimmune neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, by induction of anti-neural cross-reactive antibodies through ganglioside molecular mimicry. Herein we describe the existence and heterogeneity of multiple LOS forms in C. jejuni strains of human and chicken origin grown at 37°C and 42°C. The C. jejuni NCTC 11168 original isolate (11168-O) was compared to the genome-sequenced variant (11168-GS), and both were found to have a lower-Mr LOS form, which was different in size and structure to the previously characterized higher-Mr form bearing GM1 mimicry. The lower-Mr form production was found to be dependent on the growth temperature as the production of this form increased from ~5 %, observed at 37°C to ~35 % at 42°C. The structure of the lower-Mr form contained a Galβ1,3GalNAc disaccharide moiety which is consistent with the termini of the GM1, asialo-GM1, GD1, GT1 and GQ1 gangliosides, however, it did not display GM1 mimicry as assessed in blotting studies but was shown by NMR analysis to resemble asialo-GM1. The production of multiple LOS forms and lack of GM1 mimicry was not a result of phase variation in the genes tested for NCTC 11168 and was also observed in most of the human and chicken isolates of C. jejuni tested.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Institute for Glycomics
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Pacheco, Sophia A. "Identification of Campylobacter jejuni secreted proteins." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/s_pacheco_021610.pdf.

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Hani, Eric. "Hippurate hydrolase gene of Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0001/NQ27943.pdf.

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Zilbauer, Matthias. "Innate immune defence to Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445170/.

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Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide and is frequently associated with severe post-infectious complications such as the Guillain-Barre syndrome. Despite the serious health burden caused by the bacterium disease pathogenesis remains ill defined. Human (3-defensins (hBDs)), a family of epithelial antimicrobial peptides, are a major component of host innate defence at mucosal surfaces. In the present study we investigated the effect of C. jejuni on intestinal epithelial innate responses. Up-regulation of IL-8, hBD-2 and hBD-3 gene and peptide expression was observed in Caco-2 and HT-29 cell-lines in response to C. jejuni strains 11168H and 81-176. Furthermore, recombinant hBDs were found to exhibit potent bactericidal activity against C. jejuni suggesting a major role for these peptides in disease pathogenesis. Secondly, we aimed to identify host receptor(s) involved in sensing of C. jejuni and initiating innate defence. Given the invasive nature of infection, we investigated the potential role of cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) proteins. Using small interfering (si) RNA targeting NODI and transfection of NOD2 overexpression plasmids, we identified NODI as a major pattern recognition receptor involved in mediating innate host defence to C. jejuni while NOD2 was found to play a minor role. Additionally, reduced NODI expression resulted in an increased number of intracellular C. jejuni thus highlighting a critical role for NODI mediated antimicrobial defence in limiting infection. In the final part of the study an ex-vivo model of C. jejuni infection using human intestinal biopsies was developed. Additionally, a vertical diffusion chamber system was utilised to improve culture conditions in C. jejuni infection models. In conclusion, this study highlights the important role of intestinal innate host defence to C. jejuni. The development of new and improved models of infections has the potential to provide previously unavailable opportunities to study C. jejuni disease pathogenesis.
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Wainwright, Laura. "The truncated haemoglobin of Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419585.

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Ainsworth, Paul. "Chemotaxis signal transduction in Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28667.

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The bacterium Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of food borne disease in the UK, causing a 5-7 day enteritis including profuse watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, headache and occasionally vomiting. In rare cases leading to the paralysing autoimmune disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome. C. jejuni are highly motile cells, propelled through the environment by flagella, their motility is directed through a behaviour called chemotaxis. Cells are able to detect attractants or repellents and reposition the cell accordingly. Chemotaxis is central to C. jejuni colonisation as non-motile and non-chemotactic mutant strains poorly colonise their usual hosts. In Escherichia coli chemotaxis is regulated by the Che proteins which form a two component phospho relay system. In previous studies In silico comparison of E. coli Che proteins identified homologues in C. jejuni, which display altered chemotactic phenotypes in Δche mutant strains. Studies of interactions between the Che proteins using bacterial and yeast two hybrid systems, suggested ways in which the homologues may interact, but to further discern these mechanisms required in vitro study. For the purpose of this study the C. jejuni Che homologues were cloned, expressed and purified, for use in in vitro experiments. Radiolabelled Phosphotransfer assays confirmed CheA as a histidine kinase, and demonstrated Pi transfer to the response regulators of CheY, CheV and CheA, in that order of preference. Affinity tag pull-down assays found the predicted decrease in affinity between phosphorylated CheY and CheA, but also an increase in the affinity of phosphorylated CheV for the receptor, TLP[subscript 1]. The results of this study confirm the two component backbone of the C. jejuni Che model, and suggest how CheV may regulate methylation adaption in a system devoid of a CheB response regulator.
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Morley, L. "Niche-adaptive evolution in Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2014. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27913/.

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Campylobacter jejuni is the leading causative agent of human bacterial gastroenteritis. Human C. jejuni infection (campylobacteriosis) is frequently associated with poultry; through consumption of undercooked products, cross contamination from raw meats, or through direct contact with birds or their faecal matter, however it is established that poultry is not the sole cause of C. jejuni infection in humans. This research reveals new information on the MLST ST403 Clonal Complex, a previously identified C. jejuni lineage associated with the porcine host. ST403CC C. jejuni have also been linked with other mammalian hosts to a lesser degree, and have been implicated in human campylobacteriosis, however to date this clonal complex has not been linked to poultry. The original hypothesis of this research predicted that due to sharing a host niche commonly associated with C. coli, the porcine ST403CC may show evidence of increased recombination with C. coli, however this was not observed. Six ST403CC isolates of porcine origin were subjected to phenotype testing and whole genome sequencing; these isolates were capable of invasion in vitro, and were revealed both to have acquired seemingly lineage specific content, in the form of Restriction-Modification (R-M) system associated genes, and to have undergone degredation of certain loci. The ST403CC isolates also exhibited a distinct pattern of reduced genomic recombination compared to non-ST403CC C. jejuni, with evidence of lineage specific recombination events. Both generalist & specialist lineages have previously been revealed in C. jejuni. The research presented here identifies a new specialist lineage which is associated with mammalian hosts, and not found in poultry.
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Books on the topic "Campylobacter jejuni"

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Butcher, James, and Alain Stintzi, eds. Campylobacter jejuni. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6536-6.

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Irving, Nachamkin, Blaser Martin J, and Tompkins Lucy S, eds. Campylobacter jejuni: Current status and future trends. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1992.

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Biernacki, Mark. The medical significance of Campylobacter jejuni. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 1995.

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Hani, Eric Kurt. Hippurate hydrolase gene of Campylobacter jejuni. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.

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Lloyd, David Richard. Campylobacter jejuni: Pathogensis of gastrointestinal disease. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Hani, Eric. The argininosuccinate lyase gene of Campylobacter jejuni. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Bolton, Frederick James. Isolation, growth and epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni/coli. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic, 1985.

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Ye, Don D. Y. The detection of enterotoxin produced by Campylobacter jejuni. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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M, Ketley Julian, and Konkel Michael E, eds. Campylobacter: Molecular and cellular biology. Wymondham, UK: Horizon Bioscience, 2005.

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Baillon, Marie-Louise Amanda. Responses to oxidative and other stresses in campylobacter jejuni. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Campylobacter jejuni"

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Lydyard, Peter M., Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nina Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, and Katherine N. Ward. "Campylobacter jejuni." In Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 21–26. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003155447-3.

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Karlyshev, Andrey V., Brendan W. Wren, and Anthony P. Moran. "Campylobacter jejuni Capsular Polysaccharide." In Campylobacter, 505–21. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch28.

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Champion, Olivia L., Suaad Al-Jaberi, Richard A. Stabler, and Brendan W. Wren. "Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter jejuni." In Campylobacter, 63–71. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch4.

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Cox, Nelson A., L. Jason Richardson, and Michael T. Musgrove. "Campylobacter jejuni and Other Campylobacters." In Pathogens and Toxins in Foods, 20–30. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815936.ch2.

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Mansfield, Linda S., David B. Schauer, and James G. Fox. "Animal Models of Campylobacter jejuni Infections." In Campylobacter, 367–79. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch21.

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Gilbert, Michel, Craig T. Parker, and Anthony P. Moran. "Campylobacter jejuni Lipooligosaccharides: Structures and Biosynthesis." In Campylobacter, 483–504. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch27.

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Wösten, Marc M. S. M., Andries van Mourik, and Jos P. M. van Putten. "Regulation of Genes in Campylobacter jejuni." In Campylobacter, 611–24. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch34.

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Russell, Robert G. "Campylobacter jejuni Colitis." In Nonhuman Primates, 71–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84924-4_17.

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Holton, John. "Campylobacter Jejuni Infection." In Case Studies in Infection Control, 35–43. London; New York : Taylor & Francis Group, [2018]: Garland Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203733318-4.

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Watson, Robert O., and Jorge E. Galán. "Interaction of Campylobacter jejuni with Host Cells." In Campylobacter, 287–96. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815554.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Campylobacter jejuni"

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Dantas, Joao Victor Jose de Barros, PAULO ROBERTO ELEUTÉRIO DE SOUZA, and NARA SUZY AGUIAR FREITAS. "VARIAÇÃO E PADRÕES DE CONSERVAÇÃO ENTRE DIFERENTES CEPAS DE CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI PARA O GENE GYRA." In I Congresso Nacional de Pesquisas e Estudos Genéticos On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/geneticon/8298.

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Introdução: Polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único no gene gyrA têm sido relacionados com resistência antimicrobiana à infecção por Campylobacter jejuni. Com o passar dos anos, a ciência avançou com diversos medicamentos, entre eles os antimicrobianos. Entretanto, concomitantemente ao advento dos antimicrobianos, mais especificamente os antibióticos, notou-se uma certa resistência aos diversos mecanismos de atuação desses aliados contra agentes patogênicos. O grupo abordado neste trabalho foi a espécie Campylobacter jejuni. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através de análises comparativas, procurando regiões de alta similaridade e pequenas variações em regiões específicas do gene gyrA de Campylobacter jejuni depositado em um banco de dados NCBI. Material e Método: Um total de 18 sequências genômicas completas do gene gyrA de Campylobacter jejuni foram baixadas e alinhadas pelo software Clustalw. As análises comparativas mostraram regiões com dois grupos distintos de genomas. Resultados: O primeiro grupo apresentou regiões com alto grau de similaridade e também regiões com pequena variação de bases. No segundo grupo, todos os genomas foram 100% semelhantes. Assim, sugerimos que essa variação está relacionada à localização geográfica e origem (organismo, hospedeiro e isolados da alimentação humana) dessas sequências. Conclusão: Em conclusão, é possível que variações e padrões de genes estejam associados à história evolutiva, genética e ecológica dos genomas. Além disso, percebe-se que os genótipos de Campylobacter jejuni que apresentavam o gene gyrA, estavam associados aos organismos que foram isolados de hospitais, criações bovinas e criações aviárias, demonstrando a alta relação desse agente patogênico com o uso exacerbado de antibióticos. Dado isto, é de suma importância estudos futuros para investigar mais genes de resistência à antimicrobianos, visando a melhor alternativa para contornar essa situação que impacta cada vez mais todos os cenários da sociedade.
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Kreling, V., and A. Hensel. "Campylobacter jejuni – Phytotherapeutische Möglichkeiten zur Prävention schwerer Gastroenterititen." In Jubiläumskongress Phytotherapie 2021 Leib und Magen – Arzneipflanzen in der Gastroenterologie 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731479.

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Horrocks, Shane M., Yong Soo Jung, Steven C. Rilke, Todd R. Callaway, Thomas S. Edrington, Roger B. Harvey, Robin C. Anderson, and David J. Nisbet. "Effects of nitroethane and 2-nitropropanol against Campylobacter jejuni." In Sixth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-750.

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Hein, Ingeborg, Petra Rieck, and Martin Wagner. "The application of SSCP for fast subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni." In Fourth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-1177.

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Kreling, V., and A. Hensel. "Antiadhäsive Eigenschaften von Polysacchariden aus Capsicum frutescens gegen Campylobacter jejuni." In Jubiläumskongress Phytotherapie 2021 Leib und Magen – Arzneipflanzen in der Gastroenterologie 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731504.

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Romero, A. Rendon, N. A. Masdor, M. Partridge, S. W. James, I. E. Tothill, and R. P. Tatam. "Fibre optic long period grating sensor for campylobacter jejuni detection." In 2017 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234378.

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Nahak, T. E. M., V. C. Prakasita, L. N. Imanjati, S. L. Adrenalin, C. R. Tabbu, and A. E. T. H. Wahyuni. "The Role of Probiotics in Suppressing Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Broilers: Performance Parameters." In 10th International Seminar and 12th Congress of Indonesian Society for Microbiology (ISISM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210810.019.

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Banac, Srðan, and Iva Volarić. "152 Anaphylaxis to cold triggered by Campylobacter jejuni enteral infection: a case report." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.152.

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Durano, Lourivy Pulvera, and Alice Alma C. Bungay. "084: DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN RETAIL CHICKEN MEAT FROM SELECTED MANILA CITY PUBLIC MARKETS." In Global Forum on Research and Innovation for Health 2015. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.84.

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Abu-Madi, Marawan, Jerzy Behnek, Aarti Sharma, Rebecca Bearden, and Nadia Al-Banna. "Prevalence of Virulence/Stress Genes in Campylobacter Jejuni from Chicken Meat Sold in Qatari Retail Outlets." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.hbpp1198.

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Reports on the topic "Campylobacter jejuni"

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Blaser, Martin J., Janet A. Hopkins, Guillermo I. Perez-Perez, Henry J. Cody, and Diane G. Newell. Antigenicity of Campylobacter Jejuni Flagella. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265460.

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Black, Robert E., Myron M. Levine, Mary L. Clements, Timothy P. Hughes, and Martin J. Blaser. Experimental Campylobacter Jejuni Infection in Humans. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265410.

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Blaser, Martin J., Guillermo Perez, Paul F. Smith, Charlotte Patton, and Fred C. Tenover. Extraintestinal Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Infections: Host Factors and Strain Characteristics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265464.

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Blaser, Martin J., David N. Taylor, and Peter Echeverria. Immune Response to Campylobacter jejuni in a Rural Community in Thailand. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265583.

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Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N., Sun McMasters, and Paul M. Pellegrino. Affinity Probe Capillary Electrophoresis Evaluation of Aptamer Binding to Campylobacter jejuni Bacteria. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada512469.

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Perlman, Daniel M., Neil M. Ampel, Ron B. Schifman, David L. Cohn, and Charlotte M. Patton. Persistent Campylobacter Jejuni Infections in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265459.

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Blaser, Martin J. Studies of the Outer Membrane Proteins of Campylobacter Jejuni for Vaccine Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada245442.

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Jorgensen, Frieda, John Rodgers, Daisy Duncan, Joanna Lawes, Charles Byrne, and Craig Swift. Levels and trends of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from chicken in the UK. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dud728.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle of transmission for this organism. It is estimated there are 500,000 cases of campylobacteriosis in the UK annually, with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) accounting for approximately 91% and 8 % of infections, respectively. Although severe infection in humans is uncommon, treatment is seldom needed for human infection but usually involves the administration of a macrolide (e.g., azithromycin) or a fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin). An increased rate of resistance in Campylobacter in chicken to such antimicrobials could limit effective treatment options for human infections and it is therefore important to monitor changes in rates of resistance over time. In this report we analysed trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chicken in the UK. The chicken samples were from chicken reared for meat (ie. broiler chicken as opposed to layer chicken (ie. egg-laying chicken)) and included chicken sampled at slaughterhouses as well as from retail stores in the UK. Datasets included AMR results from retail surveys of Campylobacter spp. on chicken sampled in the UK from various projects in the time period from 2001 to 2020. In the retail surveys, samples were obtained from stores including major and minor retail stores throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each nation) and Campylobacter spp. testing was performed using standard methods with the majority of isolates obtained from direct culture on standard media (mCCDA). Data from national scale surveys of broiler chicken, sampling caecal contents and carcase neckskins at slaughterhouses, undertaken by APHA in 2007/2008, and between 2012 and 2018 were also included in the study. In the APHA-led surveys, Campylobacter were isolated using standard culture methods (culture onto mCCDA) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a standard microbroth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates. Care was taken when comparing data from different studies as there had been changes to the threshold used to determine if an isolate was susceptible or resistant to an antimicrobial in a small number of scenarios. Harmonised thresholds (using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values) were employed to assess AMR with appropriate adjustments made where required to allow meaningful comparisons of resistance prevalence over time. Data from additional isolates where resistance to antimicrobials were predicted from genome sequence data were also considered.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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