Academic literature on the topic 'Camphor Biosynthesis'

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Journal articles on the topic "Camphor Biosynthesis"

1

Luan, Xiaoyue, Wenlin Xu, Jiaqi Zhang, Tengfei Shen, Caihui Chen, Mengli Xi, Yongda Zhong, and Meng Xu. "Genome-Scale Identification, Classification, and Expression Profiling of MYB Transcription Factor Genes in Cinnamomum camphora." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 14279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214279.

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The camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.) is the representative species of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests in eastern Asia and an important raw material for essential oil production worldwide. Although MYBs have been comprehensively characterized and their functions have been partially resolved in many plants, it has not been explored in C. camphora. In this study, 121 CcMYBs were identified on 12 chromosomes in the whole genome of C. camphora and found that CcMYBs were mainly expanded by segmental duplication. They were divided into 28 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis and gene structural characteristics. In the promoter regions, numerous cis-acting elements were related to biological processes. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from seven tissues showed that CcMYBs exhibited different expression profiles, suggesting that they have various roles in camphor tree development. In addition, combined with the correlation analysis of structural genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, we identified CcMYBs from three subgroups that might be related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This study systematically analyzed CcMYBs in C. camphora, which will set the stage for subsequent research on the functions of CcMYBs during their lifetime and provide valuable insights for the genetic improvement of camphor trees.
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Ivanov, Marija, Abhilash Kannan, Dejan S. Stojković, Jasmina Glamočlija, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, Dominique Sanglard, and Marina Soković. "Camphor and Eucalyptol—Anticandidal Spectrum, Antivirulence Effect, Efflux Pumps Interference and Cytotoxicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020483.

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Candidaalbicans represents one of the most common fungal pathogens. Due to its increasing incidence and the poor efficacy of available antifungals, finding novel antifungal molecules is of great importance. Camphor and eucalyptol are bioactive terpenoid plant constituents and their antifungal properties have been explored previously. In this study, we examined their ability to inhibit the growth of different Candida species in suspension and biofilm, to block hyphal transition along with their impact on genes encoding for efflux pumps (CDR1 and CDR2), ergosterol biosynthesis (ERG11), and cytotoxicity to primary liver cells. Camphor showed excellent antifungal activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.125–0.35 mg/mL while eucalyptol was active in the range of 2–23 mg/mL. The results showed camphor’s potential to reduce fungal virulence traits, that is, biofilm establishment and hyphae formation. On the other hand, camphor and eucalyptol treatments upregulated CDR1;CDR2 was positively regulated after eucalyptol application while camphor downregulated it. Neither had an impact on ERG11 expression. The beneficial antifungal activities of camphor were achieved with an amount that was non-toxic to porcine liver cells, making it a promising antifungal compound for future development. The antifungal concentration of eucalyptol caused cytotoxic effects and increased expression of efflux pump genes, which suggests that it is an unsuitable antifungal candidate.
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Qiu, Fengying, Xindong Wang, Yongjie Zheng, Hongming Wang, Xinliang Liu, and Xiaohua Su. "Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing and Different Chemotype Expression Profile Analysis of Genes Related to Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum porrectum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 6230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246230.

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Leaves of C. porrectum are rich in essential oils containing monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds, but the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in C. porrectum is still unclear. In this paper, the differences in the contents and compositions of terpenoids among three chemotypes were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, the differential expression of gene transcripts in the leaf tissues of the three C. porrectum chemotypes were analyzed through a comparison of full-length transcriptomes and expression profiles. The essential oil of the three C. porrectum chemotypes leaves was mainly composed of monoterpenes. In the full-length transcriptome of C. porrectum, 104,062 transcripts with 306,337,921 total bp, an average length of 2944 bp, and an N50 length of 5449 bp, were obtained and 94025 transcripts were annotated. In the eucalyptol and linalool chemotype, the camphor and eucalyptol chemotype, and the camphor and linalool chemotype comparison groups, 21, 22 and 18 terpene synthase (TPS) unigenes were identified respectively. Three monoterpene synthase genes, CpTPS3, CpTPS5 and CpTPS9, were upregulated in the eucalyptol chemotype compared to the linalool chemotype and camphor chemotype. CpTPS1 was upregulated in the camphor chemotype compared to the linalool chemotype and the eucalyptol chemotype. CpTPS4 was upregulated in the linalool chemotype compared to the camphor chemotype and the eucalyptol chemotype. Different unigenes had different expression levels among the three chemotypes, but the unigene expression levels of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4phosphate (MEP) pathway were generally higher than those of the mevalonate acid (MVA) pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR) further validated these expression levels. The present study provides new clues for the functional exploration of the terpenoid synthesis mechanism and key genes in different chemotypes of C. porrectum.
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Yang, Zerui, Chunzhu Xie, Yuying Huang, Wenli An, Shanshan Liu, Song Huang, and Xiasheng Zheng. "Metabolism and transcriptome profiling provides insight into the genes and transcription factors involved in monoterpene biosynthesis of borneol chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora induced by mechanical damage." PeerJ 9 (July 1, 2021): e11465. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11465.

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Background The borneol chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora (BCC), a monoterpene-rich woody plant species, is the sole source prescribed by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the production of natural D-borneol, a major monoterpene in BCC used for millennia as a topical analgesic in China. Nevertheless, the possible gene-regulatory roles of transcription factors (TFs) in BCC’s monoterpenoid biosynthesis remained unknown. Here, a joint analysis of the transcriptome and terpenoid metabolome of BCC induced by mechanical damage (MD) was used to comprehensively explore the interaction between TFs and terpene synthase (TPS) unigenes that might participate in monoterpene biosynthesis in BCC. Results Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis detected 14 monoterpenes and seven sesquiterpenes. All but two monoterpenes underwent a significantly increased accumulation after the MD treatment. RNA sequencing data revealed that 10 TPS, 82 MYB, 70 AP2/ERF, 38 BHLH, 31 WRKY, and 29 bZIP unigenes responded to the MD treatment. A correlation analysis revealed that three monoterpene synthase genes (CcTPS1, CcTPS3, CcTPS4) highly correlated with multiple monoterpenes, namely D-borneol, camphor, and bornyl acetate, which could be responsible for monoterpenoid biosynthesis in BCC. Furthermore, five WRKY, 15 MYB, 10 ERF/AP2, five bZIP, and two BHLH genes had strong, positive correlations with CcTPS1 or CcTPS4, judging by their high coefficient values (R2 > 0.8). The bioinformatics results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion This study provides insight into the genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of monoterpene in BCC and thus provides a pool of candidate genes for future mechanistic analyses of how monoterpenes accumulate in BCC.
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5

Luo, Yong Ming, Shi Rong Li, and Xiao Yin Yin. "Studies on Chemotypes of Cinnamomum Camphora." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1193.

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Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the essential oil extracted from the leaves of 50 individual plants of Cinnamomum camphora, which were collected from the same mountain in Jiangxi province of China. 32 peaks in total were identified in these samples, which were then categorized into five chemotypes (bornel type, BN; camphor type, CP; isoneolidol type, ID; cineole type, CE; linalool type, LN) according to the primary component in the essential oil. In the meanwhile, total DNA was extracted from each sample for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, As a result, a total of 97 amplification products derived from 10 RAPD primers were obtained. These RAPD data were then analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software with 1 and 0 matrix, Jaccard’s coefficient and between-group linkage methods. Our results revealed that the estimated Jaccard’s differences between chemotypes varied in the range of 0-25, and that the pattern obtained from RAPD was totally accordant with the identification of GC-MS and the biosynthesis pathways of terpene. Thus, we propose that both GC-MS and RAPD are reliable and useful to identify the chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora, and that quality control and large-scale cultivation of Cinnamomum camphora are possible.
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Singh, Priyanka, Raviraj M. Kalunke, Anurag Shukla, Oren Tzfadia, Hirekodathakallu V. Thulasiram, and Ashok P. Giri. "Biosynthesis and tissue-specific partitioning of camphor and eugenol in Ocimum kilimandscharicum." Phytochemistry 177 (September 2020): 112451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112451.

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7

Yang, Zerui, Wenli An, Shanshan Liu, Yuying Huang, Chunzhu Xie, Song Huang, and Xiasheng Zheng. "Mining of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dextrorotatory borneol in Cinnamomum burmannii by transcriptomic analysis on three chemotypes." PeerJ 8 (June 10, 2020): e9311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9311.

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Background Dextrorotatory borneol (D-borneol), a cyclic monoterpene, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an efficient topical analgesic drug. Fresh leaves of Cinnamomum trees, e.g., C. burmannii and C. camphor, are the main sources from which D-borneol is extracted by steam distillation, yet with low yields. Insufficient supply of D-borneol has hampered its clinical use and production of patent remedies for a long time. Biological synthesis of D-borneol offers an additional approach; however, mechanisms of D-borneol biosynthesis remain mostly unresolved. Hence, it is important and necessary to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol. Results Comparative analysis on the gene expression patterns of different D-borneol production C. burmannii samples facilitates elucidation on the underlying biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol. Herein, we collected three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, which harbor different contents of D-borneol.A total of 100,218 unigenes with an N50 of 1,128 bp were assembled de novo using Trinity from a total of 21.21 Gb clean bases. We used BLASTx analysis against several public databases to annotate 45,485 unigenes (45.38%) to at least one database, among which 82 unigenes were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis pathways by KEGG annotation. In addition, we defined 8,860 unigenes as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 13 DEGs were associated with terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. One 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and two monoterpene synthase, designated as CbDXS9, CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, were up-regulated in the high-borneol group compared to the low-borneol and borneol-free groups, and might be vital to biosynthesis of D-borneol in C. burmannii. In addition, we identified one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB candidate genes, which exhibited the same expression patterns as CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, suggesting that these transcription factors might potentially regulate D-borneol biosynthesis. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the actual expression level of those candidate genes related to the D-borneol biosynthesis pathway, and the result showed that the expression patterns of the candidate genes related to D-borneol biosynthesis were basically consistent with those revealed by transcriptome analysis. Conclusions We used transcriptome sequencing to analyze three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, identifying three candidate structural genes (one DXS, two monoterpene synthases) and seven potential transcription factor candidates (one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB) involved in D-borneol biosynthesis. These results provide new insight into our understanding of the production and accumulation of D-borneol in C. burmannii.
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8

Zhang, Yi, Fuxian Ma, Yi Wang, Zhijuan Yang, Tuozhang Wang, and Yuan Zheng. "Transcriptome profiling of abiotic responses to cold and drought stress of Cinnamomum kanehirae." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 4962–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4962-4988.

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Stout camphor tree (Cinnamomum kanehirae) is an economically and socially valuable timber species that is conserved in Taiwan Province, China. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was used to identify genes in C. kanehirae and analyze their levels under drought and low temperature stresses. The obtained reads generated 27,885 single genes, including 8,136 that were differential. Based on the results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment, the primary metabolic pathways in response to drought and low temperature stress included sucrose and starch metabolism, photosynthesis, glycolysis and sugar metabolism synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the identification of transcription factors (TFs) with different patterns of expression. Finally, the RNA-Seq data were validated using real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis to identify TFs with different patterns of expression. These data provide a valuable resource for further research on the molecular mechanisms of drought and low temperature stress in C. kanehirae and contribute to the exploration of drought and cold resistance genes.
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9

Ohta, Shinji, Tohru Yamamitsu, and Takayuki Suga. "An efficient method for following the enzymic reactions involved in camphor biosynthesis in cinnamomum camphora by use of GC-MS and regiospecifically deuteriated substrate." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 31, no. 5 (May 1992): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580310509.

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10

Shen, Tengfei, Haoran Qi, Xiaoyue Luan, Wenlin Xu, Faxin Yu, Yongda Zhong, and Meng Xu. "The chromosome‐level genome sequence of the camphor tree provides insights into Lauraceae evolution and terpene biosynthesis." Plant Biotechnology Journal 20, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13749.

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