Journal articles on the topic 'Campaigns'
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Asmadi, Elyta, Ahirul Habib Padilah, and Syarifah Nurma Afhiani. "Successful Team Strategy in Winning Regional Head Candidate Pairs (A Study of the Sambas District Elections from 2011, 2015 and 2020)." International Journal of Sustainable Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsas.v2i1.1209.
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Successful team strategies in political campaigns involve various tactics and strategies designed to win voters' votes. Data Collection: Data collection through surveys and polls can help successful teams understand current issues that are important to voters and develop relevant campaign messages. Online Campaigns: Online campaigns have become more popular in modern political campaigns and can help successful teams build voter engagement and expand a campaign's reach. Live Campaigns: Live campaigns such as campaign tours, rallies, and candidate debates remain an important part of political campaigns and can help successful teams build relationships with voters and amplify campaign messages. Social Media: Social media can be a highly effective tool in modern political campaigns and can help successful teams build voter engagement, expand campaign reach, and amplify campaign messages. Positive Campaigns: Campaigns focusing on positive messages and a strong vision can help successful teams build strong support from voters. Assembling a Strong Team: A successful team of experienced people with different skills can help strengthen the campaign and ensure that the right strategies are used to win the election. Financial Management: Effective financial management can help successful teams maximize the use of resources and ensure that campaigns run smoothly.
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D. Smidt, Corwin. "A Uniter and a Divider: American Presidential Campaigns and Partisan Perceptions of the National Economy." American Politics Research 48, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x19875712.
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Do American presidential campaigns polarize or unify partisan perceptions? I propose that they do both, where the balance of these countervailing forces varies by context. Campaign messages enable partisan differences, especially in battleground states, but campaigns also promote social contexts that foster accuracy motives and reduce the effects of partisan biases nationwide. After documenting panel data evidence of campaign trends toward unity, further tests compare the national effects of campaign engagement with the local effects of campaign intensity using daily survey data on national economic evaluations. In support of the countervailing forces framework, national engagement in presidential campaigns generally increased levels of cross-partisan agreement by campaign’s end, but local campaign intensity enhanced partisan differences in rate of responsiveness to the campaign. Although targeted campaigns reduced unifying effects in many states, presidential campaigns typically have a net unifying effect on American economic perceptions, thereby strengthening economic voting.
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Dehdashti, Yashar, Aidin Namin, Brian T. Ratchford, and Lawrence B. Chonko. "The Unanticipated Dynamics of Promoting Crowdfunding Donation Campaigns on Social Media." Journal of Interactive Marketing 57, no. 1 (February 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10949968221074726.
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Crowdfunding is an online method of fundraising from a large audience. Digital Word of Mouth (DWOM) via social media has become a popular promotion platform for crowdfunding campaigns due to its negligible nominal cost. While one may expect that promoting these campaigns on social media may steadily increase donations, the exact dynamics of such promotions have not been studied for donation-based crowdfunding. We collect panel data on several unique donation campaigns from a major donation-based crowdfunding website (gofundme.com) and analyze them employing a variety of econometric techniques. We specifically provide empirical evidence that promoting crowdfunded charitable campaigns using social media follows three phases throughout a campaign's lifecycle. Our results indicate that the general pattern of behavior is the same for charitable campaigns as it is for reward-based campaigns. This suggests that the psychological motives outlined in the literature are important for both types of campaigns. Because the economic motives are not present, this finding would not be clearly anticipated. We show that the contributing role of social media in a campaign's success varies over time and that it is most helpful in the first ten days of initiating a campaign. We also provide preliminary evidence that promoting charitable campaigns on social media can lead to slacktivism, an unexpected consequence of using social media as a promotion tool resulting in less donations and more social media flurry. We also find that if a campaign does not reach at least 70 percent of its goal after twenty days since launch, it is not likely to be successful. Fundraisers and charitable marketers can use our findings in gauging the effectiveness of raising awareness about their campaigns in the online world. They could also streamline the timing of social media promotions to enhance their impact on collecting donations for charitable causes.
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Enli, Gunn. "Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election." European Journal of Communication 32, no. 1 (February 2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802.
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In the 2016 US presidential election campaign, social media platforms were increasingly used as direct sources of news, bypassing the editorial media. With the candidates’ millions of followers, Twitter has become a platform for mass communication and the candidate’s main online information channel. Likewise, social media has provided a platform for debating and critiquing the mainstream media by the campaigns and their networks. This article discusses the Twitter strategies of the democratic candidate Hillary Clinton and republican candidate Donald Trump during their US 2016 presidential election campaigns. While the Clinton campaign’s strategy confirms theories regarding the professionalisation of election campaigns, the Trump campaign’s more amateurish yet authentic style in social media points towards de-professionalisation and even amateurism as a counter-trend in political communication.
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De Jesus Mora, Maria, and Paul Almeida. "INCUBATOR CAMPAIGNS AND CALIFORNIA’S IMMIGRANT RIGHTS MOVEMENT*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-28-1-23.
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One starting point for building a movement capable of unleashing multiple rounds of collective action is an incubator campaign—a period of widespread unrest around a particular issue that may last several months or longer. The mobilizing success of the incubator campaign provides the resource infrastructure for subsequent episodes of related movement activity in similar geographical locations, even years into the future. We test these assertions by examining immigrant rights campaign activity in over 260 cities in California between 2006 and 2019. The incubator campaign was positively associated with producing local-level collective action in a wide range of like-minded campaigns sustaining a larger immigrant rights movement in the state. The findings also suggest that an incubator campaign’s influence may eventually decay over time. Still, newly infused protest campaigns can reactivate immigrant activist momentum to counter ongoing hostile political environments faced by excluded populations.
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Oeldorf-Hirsch, Anne, and Rory McGloin. "Identifying the Predictors of Participation in Facebook Pictivism Campaigns." Social Media + Society 3, no. 3 (July 2017): 205630511772763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305117727637.
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In recent years, several online social campaigns have encouraged individuals to change their Facebook profile pictures for a cause, such as the Human Rights Campaign’s red and pink equal sign in support of same-sex marriage. These “pictivism” campaigns allow individuals to express themselves and participate in a low effort campaign to raise awareness about an issue among their social network. Given the prevalence and potential impact of these campaigns, it is important to understand what predicts one’s participation. This study applies elements of the Theory of Reasoned Action and Technology Acceptance Model in an online survey ( N = 300) of Facebook users to investigate which individual and social factors predict participation in these campaigns. Results indicate that attitudes toward participation are predicted by network norms about participation, ease of participation, and perceived usefulness of participation. In turn, these attitudes predict intention to participate and actual participation. These results imply that participation is influenced both by factors surrounding the message of the campaign and by the norms of the network itself. This work extends Theory of Reasoned Action and Technology Acceptance Model to understanding participation in online social campaigns, with considerations for key limitations in this context.
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Efrat, Kalanit, Shaked Gilboa, and Arie Sherman. "The role of supporter engagement in enhancing crowdfunding success." Baltic Journal of Management 15, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2018-0337.
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Purpose Recent research has addressed the marketing aspects incorporated in crowdfunding activity, establishing their relevance to campaign success. In line with this, research has begun to explore the behavioral aspects of crowdfunding participants, drawing on the buyer–seller interaction. The purpose of this paper is to expand on this trend by investigating the role of supporter engagement and its link to campaign success. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling analysis. Data collection was based on a survey of 116 supporters, combined with outcome data of 530 crowdfunding campaigns. Findings The study’s findings revealed that supporters distinguish between their engagement to the campaign and to the campaign’s creator. However, both aspects of engagement affect community establishment and supporters’ promotion efforts. The authors also found that these indicators of engagement are associated with campaign success. Originality/value Research on crowdfunding supporters have focused to date on criteria contributing to campaigns success, exploring the motivational aspects associated with such activity. The current study expands this perspective by examining supporters’ engagement, differentiating between engaging with the creator and engaging with the campaign. Recommendations for creators include making efforts to establish supporter engagement to facilitate active promotion and shape future support intentions, thus facilitating enhanced outcomes for both current and future campaigns.
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Setiawan, Ari. "Problematika Dukungan Masyarakat Pada Calon Dalam Tahapan Kampanye Pemilihan Umum." Awasia: Jurnal Pemilu dan Demokrasi 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55108/awasia.v2i1.114.
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Based on Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum, campaign is defined as the activities of election participants or parties appointed by election participants to convince voters by offering a vision, mission, program and/or self-image of election participants, to be able to carry out campaigns, campaigners and campaign teams must be registered with the KPU, but the problems are many. the community, volunteers or sympathizers who participate in carrying out the campaign without registering with the KPU which results in the campaign implementer not being bound by the campaign ban so that the election organizers, especially Bawaslu, cannot take action if there is a violation of the campaign prohibition that has been set. This paper aims to describe how the mechanism for implementing the campaign stages and the causes of community supporters of candidates who carry out campaigns do not register in the KPU.
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Paget, Dan. "The Rally-Intensive Campaign: A Distinct Form of Electioneering in Sub-Saharan Africa and Beyond." International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 444–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161219847952.
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I consider how to characterize and classify election campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa. I revisit the typology proposed by Pippa Norris, which distinguishes between premodern, modern, and postmodern campaigns. This typology, and others like it, homogenizes ground campaigns. Ground campaigns only feature by virtue of their centrality in premodern campaigns and their peripherality in modern and postmodern campaigns. I argue that the prominence of the rally varies across ground campaigns. By trivializing rallies, current typologies obscure this variation between African campaigns and between campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world. To accommodate these differences, I propose a schema of campaign ecologies, adapted from Norris’ own, which incorporates a distinct ideal-type: the rally-intensive campaign. This revision internationalizes this hitherto Western-bound typology and may illuminate the features of campaigns in other middle- and low-income countries too. Equally, it throws into relief differences between historic premodern campaigns in Western countries. I contend that rally-intensiveness is a definitive feature of election campaigns from which other features stem. To illuminate such typical features, I study Tanzania, which has the most rally-intensive campaigns in Africa. I draw on ethnographic research and original survey data to identify the four following typical features of the rally-intensive campaign. Local as well as national leaders hold rallies frequently. Local rallies are better attended in aggregate than national ones, and accordingly, campaign contact is direct. Mass meetings dwarf the canvass as a means of campaign contact, and local party networks concentrate their efforts on “producing” rallies.
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Sadeghi, Reza, Mamood Reza Masoudi, and Narges Khanjani. "A Systematic Review about Educational Campaigns on Smoking Cessation." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010748.
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Background: Health campaigns have been shown effective in the prevention of smoking. These campaigns convey messages about specific behavior to the audience and have a high penetration rate. Objective: This systematic review was conducted to summarize the effect of educational campaigns on smoking. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar databases were searched on 16 March, 2019 by using the keywords “Waterpipe, Hookah, Shisha, Cigarette, Smoking” and “Campaign, Antismoking Campaign, Health campaign”. Results: A total of 15 articles related to smoking campaigns entered the review. Campaigns were divided into two broad categories: (1) Campaigns aimed at public education and social change; (2) Campaigns aimed at changing policy or attracting the attention of politicians. The largest campaign was conducted in England. All educational campaigns showed at least one positive effect on preventing and controlling smoking. Conclusion: Anti-smoking campaigns are important investments, and as part of comprehensive tobacco control programs, they can educate people about the harms of smoking, change smoking attitudes and beliefs, increase quitting intentions, promote quitting, and decrease smoking.
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Druckman, James N., Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin. "Resisting the Opportunity for Change." Social Science Computer Review 36, no. 4 (June 2, 2017): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439317711977.
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This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional campaign websites? Did it cause them to alter their approach to online campaigning? Using data from a survey of campaign insiders, we find that the factors that influence how congressional campaigns view and use their websites were largely impervious to the unique electoral environment. Results show that, consistent with previous election years, campaigns maintained a fairly uniform view of likely visitors and target audiences, and they tended to see their campaign websites as digital hubs, best used for capturing the campaign’s overall message. We also find that, as in other years, nonincumbents continued to use their websites to campaign more aggressively than incumbents. Overall, the results suggest that congressional campaigning on the web is primarily driven by stable factors that transcend technological advancements and shifts in the political environment.
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Ibrahim, Sameh Awadalla El-Sayad. "The Role of Media Campaigns in Raising Awareness of Development Issues and Their Relationship to the Level of Anxiety in Adolescents." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.27.
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The study sought to determine the role of media campaigns in educating university youth about various developmental issues and their relationship to their level of anxiety. The study is descriptive. It relied on the survey method on a sample of 400 adolescents at Ain Shams University. The most important forms of benefiting from the follow-up of media campaigns related to development issues came to provide them with important information about development issues, give a sense of confidence in state institutions, increase the sense of responsibility towards society, follow up on current development issues, awareness and interest in them. The most important media campaigns presented on satellite channels related to development issues are health awareness campaigns (Coronavirus - C virus campaign - 100 million health campaign - breast cancer), slum development campaigns, solidarity and dignity campaign to support the needy, small and micro enterprises support campaign, payment campaigns, electronic, economic campaign (price reduction - price control), low-income support campaign (supply system - bread system), campaigns for the disabled and people with special needs. The positive aspects of media campaigns related to development issues came as follows: The presented development issues are new and consistent with the current needs of society, their goals are clear and specific, their design is innovative, they encourage positive change, they seek to meet the needs of the ordinary citizen, the celebrities involved in media campaigns, the serious development issues that It presents it through its messages, the technical methods used in presenting development issues.
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Prasetyo, Kuncoro Bayu, Turnomo Rahardjo, and Nur Hidayat Sardini. "Digital Campaign Dysfunction in Indonesian Regional Election During the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240344.
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The 2020 Simultaneous Regional Elections in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic caused digital campaigns to become the most viable alternative amidst health protocol restrictions. Preliminary data shows that the use of digital for political campaigns was not optimal. The readiness of candidates and voters to enter the digital campaign era is interesting for further analysis. This article aims to understand the campaign practices of candidates in the digital space during the pandemic, as well as analyze the readiness of candidates and voters in the digital campaign. Qualitative case study research was conducted using a holistic multi-case design in three regions in Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by observing candidates' social media, as well as interviews with campaigners. The research results show that the digital campaign was a "forced" situation, not a creative idea of the candidates. The digital space has yet to become an effective public sphere for discussing candidate ideas and programs with voters. The lack of public engagement with campaigns in the digital space shows that a digital political habitus has yet to be formed in society. As a result, digital campaign dysfunction occurs when candidates and voters are not well connected in effective political communication, even though both are in the digital space. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Digital campaign, Dysfunction, Regional Election.
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Ford, Michele, and Thushara Dibley. "PANTIES FOR PEACE: REFLEXIVITY IN THE DEPLOYMENT OF A HYPERLOCAL CAMPAIGN TROPE FROM MYANMAR." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-27-3-319.
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Scholars of internet activism have comprehensively analyzed techniques for ensuring the success of online campaigns, but few have examined whether and how campaigns built around culturally specific tropes drawn from non-Western contexts can achieve traction with global audiences. This article addresses this question by tracking the use of a hyperlocal cultural trope relating to the impact of women’s sarongs (htamein) on men’s power in an awareness-raising campaign sparked by a violent crackdown against tens of thousands of protesters in Myanmar. We draw on in-depth interviews with the campaign’s originators and a content analysis of its online component to document how this trope transformed through three iterations over several years. In doing so, we examine the impact of processes of appropriative mediation and digital reflexivity, and the extent to which available technology shapes online campaigns.
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Moukarzel, Sara, Martin Rehm, Anita Caduff, Miguel del Fresno, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, and Alan J. Daly. "Real-time Twitter interactions during World Breastfeeding Week: A case study and social network analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e0249302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249302.
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Using Twitter to implement public health awareness campaigns is on the rise, but campaign monitoring and evaluation are largely dependent on basic Twitter Analytics. To establish the potential of social network theory-based metrics in better understanding public health campaigns, we analyzed real-time user interactions on Twitter during the 2020 World Breastfeeding Week (WBW) as an exemplar case. Social network analysis (SNA), including community and influencer identification, as well as topic modeling were used to compare the activity of n = 29,958 campaign participants and n = 10,694 reference users from the six-months pre-campaign period. Users formed more inter-connected relationships during the campaign, retweeting and mentioning each other 46,161 times compared to 10,662 times in the prior six months. Campaign participants formed identifiable communities that were not only based on their geolocation, but also based on interests and professional background. While influencers who dominated the WBW conversations were disproportionally members of the scientific community, the campaign did mobilize influencers from the general public who seemed to play a “bridging” role between the public and the scientific community. Users communicated about the campaign beyond its original themes to also discuss breastfeeding within the context of social and racial inequities. Applying SNA allowed understanding of the breastfeeding campaign’s messaging and engagement dynamics across communities and influencers. Moving forward, WBW could benefit from improving targeting to enhance geographic coverage and user interactions. As this exemplar case indicates, social network theory and analysis can be used to inform other public health campaigns with data on user interactions that go beyond traditional metrics.
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Chenoweth, Erica, and Orion A. Lewis. "Unpacking nonviolent campaigns." Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 3 (May 2013): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343312471551.
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Recent studies indicate that strategic nonviolent campaigns have been more successful over time in achieving their political objectives than violent insurgencies. But additional research has been limited by a lack of time-series data on nonviolent and violent campaigns, as well as a lack of more nuanced and detailed data on the attributes of the campaigns. In this article, we introduce the Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes (NAVCO) 2.0 dataset, which compiles annual data on 250 nonviolent and violent mass movements for regime change, anti-occupation, and secession from 1945 to 2006. NAVCO 2.0 also includes features of each campaign, such as participation size and diversity, the behavior of regime elites, repression and its effects on the campaign, support (or lack thereof) from external actors, and progress toward the campaign outcomes. After describing the data generation process and the dataset itself, we demonstrate why studying nonviolent resistance may yield novel insights for conflict scholars by replicating an influential study of civil war onset. This preliminary study reveals strikingly divergent findings regarding the systematic drivers of nonviolent campaign onset. Nonviolent campaign onset may be driven by separate – and in some cases, opposing – processes relative to violent campaigns. This finding underscores the value-added of the dataset, as well as the importance of evaluating methods of conflict within a unified research design.
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McKitrick, Matthew, Nadine Schuurman, Valorie A. Crooks, and Jeremy Snyder. "Spatial and temporal patterns in Canadian COVID-19 crowdfunding campaigns." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): e0256204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256204.
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Online charitable crowdfunding has become an increasingly prevalent way for Canadians to deal with costs that they would otherwise not be able to shoulder on their own. With the onset of COVID-19 and related lockdown measures, there is evidence of a surge in crowdfunding use relating to the pandemic. This study gathered, classified, and analysed Canadian crowdfunding campaigns created in response to COVID-19 from GoFundMe.com, a popular crowdfunding platform. Spatio-temporal analysis of classified campaigns allowed for observation of emergent trends in the distribution of pandemic-related need incidence and financial support throughout the pandemic. Campaigns raising money on behalf of established charities were the most common in the sample, and accounted for the greatest portion of funding raised, while campaigns for businesses made up a small proportion. Dense metropolitan areas accounted for the vast majority of campaign locations, and total sample funding was disproportionately raised by campaigners in Ontario and British Columbia.
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Murukutla, Nandita, Trish Cotter, Shuo Wang, Kerry Cullinan, Fathima Gaston, Alexey Kotov, Meena Maharjan, and Sandra Mullin. "Results of a Mass Media Campaign in South Africa to Promote a Sugary Drinks Tax." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061878.
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Background: In South Africa, the increased consumption of sugary drinks has been associated with increased obesity rates. Mass media campaigns can play a crucial role in improving knowledge, shifting attitudes, and building support for government action on reducing sugary drink consumption. No study to date has evaluated the effectiveness of mass media campaigns on the health harms of sugary drinks in South Africa. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign on knowledge and attitudes around sugary drinks and on public support for a proposed tax on sugary drinks in South Africa. Methods: The “Are You Drinking Yourself Sick?” campaign aired in South Africa from October 2016 to June 2017 to shift attitudes toward sugary drinks, build personal risk perceptions of the health harms of consuming sugary drinks, and build public support for a proposed tax on sugary drinks. Campaign impact was measured in representative cross-sectional household surveys of adults ages 18 to 56. The surveys were conducted just prior to the launch of the campaign (N = 1000), from October 7 to 10, 2016, and immediately following its conclusion (N = 1000), from July 12 to 21, 2017. Campaign impact was assessed by comparing changes from the pre-campaign to the post-campaign period on key outcome indicators. In addition, the effect of campaign awareness was analyzed in logistic regression analysis of the post-campaign data. Results: The campaign was recalled by 55% of survey respondents, and 78% of campaign-aware respondents said that the campaign’s main message was “drinking sugary drinks can make you sick.” There were significant changes from the pre- to the post-campaign period in knowledge that sugary drink consumption can lead to obesity and related health problems and that sugary drinks contribute toward the obesity problem in South Africa. Campaign awareness was also significantly associated with increases in knowledge about the harms of sugary drinks, and in particular, on government action, including the proposed tax on sugary drinks. Discussion: Media campaigns are an effective intervention for obesity prevention. In addition to improving knowledge and shifting attitudes, media campaigns can effectively build public support for strong government action and therefore must be a component of a comprehensive obesity prevention approach.
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Lawrence, Christopher, Carolynn Gildea, Ann Watters, and Isobel Tudge. "Evaluating the impact of ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ awareness campaigns on GP attendances." British Journal of General Practice 69, suppl 1 (June 2019): bjgp19X703517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x703517.
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BackgroundThe ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ awareness campaigns aim to raise awareness of cancer symptoms and encourage people with these symptoms to ‘tell their doctor’. GP attendances are therefore a key metric for evaluating the impact of a campaign. We considered the impact on GP attendances of several campaigns since 2013, including the 2015 national oesophagogastric cancer campaign, the 2016 national respiratory symptoms campaign and campaigns for lung cancer, ‘blood in pee’, and breast cancer in women aged >70 years.AimTo consider the impact on GP attendances of several campaigns since 2013, including the 2015 national oesophagogastric cancer campaign, the 2016 national respiratory symptoms campaign and others.MethodData on the weekly numbers of GP attendances and practices were extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. For patients reporting campaign symptoms or a control symptom (back pain), the average number of GP attendances per practice per week was calculated. Analysis considered the trend in GP attendances, calculated the change in attendances for the campaign period compared to the same period in an earlier year, and assessed this change using a χ2 test.ResultsThe 2015 oesophagogastric cancer campaign, resulted in a statistically significant 29% increase (P<0.001) in the number of attendances for symptoms of dyspepsia and dysphagia, compared with the same period in 2013. Conversely, there was no significant change in attendances for back pain. Results for other campaigns will be presented.ConclusionThe THIN database has provided primary care data which can be used to assess the impact of awareness campaigns on primary care activity. Results demonstrate increases in GP attendances following some of the campaigns, suggesting that some patients responded to the campaigns’ call to action.
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Bazant, Eva, Carol McPhillips-Tangum, Sumitra Devi Shrestha, Preetha G S, Ajay Khera, Laura Nic Lochlainn, Esmael Habtamu, Vivek I. Patel, Gladys Muhire, and Kristin N. Saarlas. "Promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns from a synthesis of case studies." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 12 (December 2022): e010321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010321.
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A combination of public health campaigns and routine primary healthcare services are used in many countries to maximise the number of people reached with interventions to prevent, control, eliminate or eradicate diseases. Health campaigns have historically been organised within vertical (disease-specific) programmes, which are often funded, planned and implemented independently from one another and from routinely offered primary healthcare services. Global health agencies have voiced support for enhancing campaign effectiveness, including campaign efficiency and equity, through collaboration among vertical programmes. However, limited guidance is available to country-level campaign planners and implementers about how to effectively integrate campaigns. Planning is critical to the implementation of effective health campaigns, including those related to neglected tropical diseases, malaria, vitamin A supplementation and vaccine-preventable diseases, including polio, measles and meningitis. However, promising approaches to planning integrated health campaigns have not been sufficiently documented. This manuscript highlights promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns that emerged from the experiences of eight project teams working in three WHO regions. Adoption of the promising practices described in this paper could lead to enhanced collaboration among campaign stakeholders, increased agreement about the need for and anticipated benefits of campaign integration, and enhanced understanding of effective planning of integrated health campaigns.
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Mokhtar, Aida. "ISLAMIC INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION AND THE EMPOWERMENT OF ENTREPRENEURS." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 5, no. 18 (December 28, 2023): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.518023.
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Products offered by entrepreneurs require some form of promotion so consumers will become aware of them. This means that integrated marketing communication (IMC) is an important field that warrants further exploration. The seemingly elusive concept of Islamic IMC defines the statement of the problem and encourages its study from the theoretical and practical perspectives. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the IMC campaigns of students at a public university in the academic year 2022/2023. The scope of the study was focused on 13 campaigns that promoted products sold by 13 entrepreneurs. The research questions posed were: What made the Islamic IMC campaigns effective? Which models or theories were used to guide the Islamic IMC campaigns? Which Islamic values were used in the Islamic IMC campaigns? Grounded theory was used as the method to construct theory from data by using a comparative analysis. Themes and codes were derived from the data analysis. Most campaigns reported sales as being the main measurement of campaign success, whereas the campaign objectives guided by the AIDA model formed the important measures of success. Other components, such as awareness, engagement, advertisement recall, and food taste, were minor measurements of success. Twelve campaigns adopted the AIDA model, while one campaign adopted the Facets Model of Effects. Several combinations of Islamic values were used in the campaigns, with “honesty” being the most highlighted Islamic value by students in their campaign reports. The theory of the holistic components of Islamic IMC campaigns was derived from the data projecting the importance of the three components—self, brands, and messages—against the backdrop of sales as being the main measurement of campaign effectiveness and the AIDA model as the main model used to guide the campaign strategies. It is obvious from the study that IMC campaigns can be successful when conducted within Islamic parameters and that entrepreneurs are empowered when their IMC campaigns are effective.
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Sheafer, Tamir. "Detecting Campaign Effects in Imbalanced Campaigns." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 10, no. 2 (April 2005): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x05276016.
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Kustec Lipicer, Simona, Samo Kropivnik, and Alem Maksuti. "An Analysis of Winning Campaigns in Urban Municipalities in 2006 Local Elections." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 333–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/57.
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The study of electoral campaigns is nowadays one of the very topical and popular themes in the field of the scientific-research work. Electoral campaigns can be defined in several ways and from several points of view. In this paper, a campaign is understood as a set of diverse activities performed to influence the electoral result. These activities can be studied according to the political-system, time-space, organisational and instrumental dimensions of their performance. The key purpose of the paper is to analyse and typologise the features of electoral campaigns of today's urban municipality mayors in Slovenia during their standing as candidates in local elections in 2006. By using various methodological and statistical approaches and tools, it was found out in the analysed cases that electoral campaigns were an important part of the electoral process and that, according to planning features and implementing plans, they were very specific in all the studied municipalities. Because of this, the campaigns in the studied elections were characterised as particular and highly localised. Despite these particularities, four different types of campaigns were highlighted according to the groups of similar features: a) traditional campaigns; b) charismatic candidate campaigns; c) modern local campaigns and d) an intense campaign mosaic. Regardless of the particularities of the campaign activities and processes, it turned out that they played an important role at the local level of political activity.
Key words: • electoral campaign • local elections • urban municipality • mayor • type • Slovenia
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McGregor, Suzy, Stephanie Roberts, Sharon L. Grant, and Elyse O’Loghlen. "Weight-Normative versus Weight-Inclusive Narratives in Weight-Related Public Health Campaigns: Effects on Anti-Fat Attitudes, Stigma, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy." Obesities 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/obesities2010008.
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Research has shown that weight-related public health campaigns can inadvertently stigmatise individuals with obesity. We compared the effects of weight-normative (personal responsibility and public health crisis) versus weight-inclusive (Health at Every Size [HAES] and fat acceptance) campaign narratives on anti-fat attitudes and reactions to campaigns in two studies. In study 1, participants (n = 283) from a range of Body Mass Index (BMI) categories viewed one of four mock campaigns before rating their anti-fat-attitudes (dislike, fear of fat, willpower, social distance), and reactions to the campaign (motivation, stigma). In study 2, participants (n = 175) in overweight or obese BMI categories viewed one of four mock campaigns before rating their reactions to the campaign (motivation, stigma, self-efficacy). Study 1 results showed that weight-normative campaigns were perceived as significantly more stigmatising than weight-inclusive ones. However, weight-inclusive campaigns did not decrease anti-fat attitudes or increase motivation for health behaviour change in this sample. Similarly, study 2 results showed that the personal responsibility campaign was rated as significantly more stigmatising than other campaigns among women with overweight or obesity. Fat acceptance was rated as the least stigmatising campaign in this sample, but weight-inclusive narratives did not increase motivation or self-efficacy for health behaviour change. Future research should focus on developing campaign narratives that are non-stigmatising, motivating, and efficacious by addressing health behavior benefits irrespective of sex or weight.
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Snyder, Jeremy, and Marco Zenone. "Vaccine related crowdfunding on a ‘Freedom Fundraising’ platform." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 12, 2023): e0288539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288539.
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Introduction Donation-based crowdfunding was heavily used during the COVID-19 pandemic. While most of these campaigns were uncontroversial, others spread misinformation or undermined public health. In response, mainstream crowdfunding platforms like GoFundMe restricted what campaigns they would host. This led some campaigns to shift to lesser-known and less restrictive crowdfunding platforms. While research on health-related misinformation on mainstream crowdfunding platforms is increasing, less is known about crowdfunding on less restrictive platforms like GiveSendGo. The aim of this study is to review vaccine-related crowdfunding campaigns on the GiveSendGo platform to better understand: 1) how vaccines are portrayed on GiveSendGo; and 2) how successful these campaigns have been at attracting financial support. Methods We searched the GiveSendGo crowdfunding platform for campaigns including “vaccine” or “vaccination”. This process yielded 907 unique results which were then scraped for their campaign text and fundraising data. The authors reviewed these campaigns for fundraisers whose aims related to vaccines for humans and assigned campaigns as being for 1) Accessing vaccines; 2) creating Spaces for the unvaccinated; 3) helping Unvaccinated Individuals); 4) Advocacy about vaccines; 5) supporting Anti-Mandate actions; and 6) responding to Vaccine Injuries. Findings We identified 765 crowdfunding campaigns that raised $6,814,817 and requested $838,578,249. Anti-Mandate campaigns were most common, followed by Unvaccinated Individuals, Vaccine Injuries, Advocacy, Access, and Spaces. Only Access campaigns took a positive or neutral view toward vaccines. Themes of freedom and religion cut across campaign types with campaigns critical of vaccines invoking bodily autonomy and religious freedom as justifying their fundraisers. Discussion Very few of these fundraisers met their goals. With the exception of Access campaigns, they frequently contained highly polarizing language advocating against public health mandates, misinformation about vaccine safety, and language from bioethics and reproductive choice advocates. Restrictions on vaccine-related campaigns on the GoFundMe platform likely drove campaign creation on GiveSendGo.
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Chan, Lilian, Blythe O'Hara, Philayrath Phongsavan, Adrian Bauman, and Becky Freeman. "Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): e17432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17432.
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Background Mass media campaigns for public health are increasingly using digital media platforms, such as web-based advertising and social media; however, there is a lack of evidence on how to best use these digital platforms for public health campaigns. To generate this evidence, appropriate campaign evaluations are needed, but with the proliferation of digital media–related metrics, there is no clear consensus on which evaluation metrics should be used. Public health campaigns are diverse in nature, so to facilitate analysis, this review has selected tobacco control campaigns as the scope of the study. Objective This literature review aimed to examine how tobacco control campaigns that use traditional and digital media platforms have been evaluated. Methods Medicine and science databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus), and a marketing case study database (World Advertising Research Center) were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2018. Two authors established the eligibility criteria and reviewed articles for inclusion. Individual campaigns were identified from the articles, and information on campaigns and their evaluations were supplemented with searches on Google, Google Scholar, and social media platforms. Data about campaign evaluations were tabulated and mapped to a conceptual framework. Results In total, 17 campaigns were included in this review, with evaluations reported on by 51 articles, 17 marketing reports, and 4 grey literature reports. Most campaigns were from English-speaking countries, with behavioral change as the primary objective. In the process evaluations, a wide range of metrics were used to assess the reach of digital campaign activities, making comparison between campaigns difficult. Every campaign in the review, except one, reported some type of engagement impact measure, with website visits being the most commonly reported metric (11 of the 17 campaigns). Other commonly reported evaluation measures identified in this review include engagement on social media, changes in attitudes, and number of people contacting smoking cessation services. Of note, only 7 of the 17 campaigns attempted to measure media platform attribution, for example, by asking participants where they recalled seeing the campaign or using unique website tracking codes for ads on different media platforms. Conclusions One of the key findings of this review is the numerous and diverse range of measures and metrics used in tobacco control campaign evaluations. To address this issue, we propose principles to guide the selection of digital media–related metrics for campaign evaluations, and also outline a conceptual framework to provide a coherent organization to the diverse range of metrics. Future research is needed to specifically investigate whether engagement metrics are associated with desired campaign outcomes, to determine whether reporting of engagement metrics is meaningful in campaign evaluations.
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Rychert, Marta, and Chris Wilkins. "Referendum Campaigns in Hybrid Media Systems: Insights From the New Zealand Cannabis Legalisation Referendum." Media and Communication 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6021.
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During New Zealand’s 2020 cannabis legalisation referendum, advocacy groups on both sides widely debated the issue, utilising “older” and “newer” media channels to strategically influence voters, including through appearances in traditional media and paid advertising campaigns on Facebook. Comparatively little is known about the campaign strategies used by each camp and how they leveraged the hybrid media environment to advocate for their positions. We analyse the cannabis legalisation referendum campaigns using primary data from our digital ethnographic study on Facebook, a systematic quantitative content analysis of legacy media websites, and a review of published reports from other authors. We show how positive sentiment towards cannabis law reform in the traditional media was amplified via referendum campaigners’ activity on Facebook. While campaign expenses on both sides were similar, money was spent in different ways and via different mediums. The pro-legalisation campaign focused more on new digital media channels, while the anti-legalisation campaign diversified across a range of mediums, with greater attention paid to traditional political advertising strategies, such as leaflets and billboards. The New Zealand case study illustrates how greater engagement with the “newer” media logics may not necessarily secure a favourable outcome during a national referendum campaign. We discuss how the broader media and political environment may have influenced campaigners’ choices to engage (or not) with the different media channels.
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Warner, Echo L., Austin R. Waters, Caleb Easterly, and Cindy Turner. "Abstract LB140: Inequity in cancer crowdfunding among LGTBQ+ cancer survivors." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (April 14, 2023): LB140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb140.
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Abstract Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) individuals are twice as likely to live in poverty and carry a greater cancer burden than non-LGBTQ+ individuals. Crowdfunding, a type of online fundraising, is increasingly used for cancer-related financial support, but the extent to which LGBTQ+ inequities exist in crowdfunding success has not previously been studied. Methods: In December 2022, we extracted 494,242 publicly available crowdfunding campaigns from GoFundMe using web-scraping. We then applied two textual dictionaries to categorize the sample for analysis. The first dictionary identified health campaigns that were in English and contained cancer terms (n=196,038). The second dictionary used a list of terms from prior research that were supplemented by an LGBTQ+ study advisory board to stratify the cancer campaigns by LGBTQ+ identity (yes vs. no) of the campaign creator and/or beneficiary. Outliers in the fifth and ninety-fifth percentile for fundraising goal amount were dropped resulting in a final sample of N=179,793 campaigns for analysis. Summary statistics and regression models were calculated using Stata 17 to describe differences in funding goals, amount raised, and number of donors by LGBTQ+ identity, adjusting for year of the campaign and geographic location. Results: In total, the average campaign goal was $15,891 (Standard Deviation (SD): $13,816), average amount raised was $6,281 (SD: $5,409), and average number of donors was 61 (SD: 47). There were n=1,280 LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns (0.65%). In multivariable models, LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns had goals that were on average $2,009 lower than non-LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -$2,798 - -$1,220, p<0.001), when controlling for year of campaign and geographic location. Similarly, LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns raised $500 less than non-LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns (95% CI -$821 - -$178; p=0.002) when controlling for year of campaign and geographic location. LGBTQ+ campaigns had on average 2.81 more donors than non-LGBTQ+ campaigns (95% CI: 0.05 - 5.56, p=0.046), adjusting for year of campaign and geographic location. Conclusions: When controlling for year of campaign and geographic location we observed significant disparities in goal amount and funds raised between LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns. However, LGBTQ+ campaigns on average had more donors. Our findings suggest that while there may be stronger community among LGBTQ+ populations (i.e., higher number of donors), LGBTQ+ cancer survivors may face substantial financial burden inequities. LGBTQ+ specific supportive services and interventions may help improve economic equity among cancer patients. Citation Format: Echo L. Warner, Austin R. Waters, Caleb Easterly, Cindy Turner. Inequity in cancer crowdfunding among LGTBQ+ cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB140.
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Thomas, Amy, Hannah McCann, and Geraldine Fela. "‘In this house we believe in fairness and kindness’: Post-liberation politics in Australia's same-sex marriage postal survey." Sexualities 23, no. 4 (March 14, 2019): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719830347.
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In December 2017, Australia legalized same-sex marriage (SSM), following a 13-year ban and a drawn-out postal survey on marriage equality that saw campaigners mobilize for a ‘Yes’ vote on a non-binding poll. Through a discourse analysis of the Yes and No campaigns’ television and online video advertisements, we demonstrate how the Yes campaign was symptomatic of what we call a ‘post-liberation’ approach that saw SSM as the last major hurdle for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) politics. While the No campaign linked SSM to gender fluidity, transgender identity, and sex education programmes, in contrast the Yes campaign limited itself to narratives around love and marriage. In not attending to the link between sex, gender and sexuality, the Yes campaign narrowed the possibilities of the debate, preserving existing White heteronormative expectations of gender and sexuality. We contrast the debate that unfolded during the postal survey to the Australian Gay Liberation movement of the 1970s, the latter of which was able to successfully and radically challenge similarly homophobic campaigns. Rather than relying on ‘palatable’ or mainstream ideas of equality, love and fairness, Gay Liberation in Australia embraced the radical potential of LGBTIQ activism and presented a utopian, optimistic vision of a transformed future. Here we suggest that we can learn from the history of campaigns around sexuality, to understand what was ‘won’ in the SSM debate, and to better develop strategies for change in the future.
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Adamos, Giannis, Eftihia Nathanail, and Paraskevi Kapetanopoulou. "Does the Theme of a Road Safety Communication Campaign Affect its Success?" Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0025-5.
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Road safety communication campaigns are considered as an efficient strategy to approach the wide audience and influence road users towards a safe behavior, with main aim to lead to the reduction of the number and the severity of road accidents. When designing the implementation of a campaign, it is important to plan at the same time its evaluation, so that to enable the assessment of its effectiveness. For the achievement of high reliability and the development of “clear” conclusions, the campaign evaluation should be carefully organized, following a feasible scientific design. Towards this direction, three road safety campaigns, two local campaigns addressing drink driving and seat belt usage, and one national campaign addressing driving fatigue, were implemented and evaluated. Presenting the design components of the three campaigns and the evaluation results, this paper aims at revealing the similarities and differences of the effectiveness of road safety communication campaigns on driving behavior.
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Saleh, Sameh Nagui, Christoph U. Lehmann, and Richard J. Medford. "Early Crowdfunding Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): e25429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25429.
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Background As the number of COVID-19 cases increased precipitously in the United States, policy makers and health officials marshalled their pandemic responses. As the economic impacts multiplied, anecdotal reports noted the increased use of web-based crowdfunding to defray these costs. Objective We examined the web-based crowdfunding response in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States to understand the incidence of initiation of COVID-19–related campaigns and compare them to non–COVID-19–related campaigns. Methods On May 16, 2020, we extracted all available data available on US campaigns that contained narratives and were created between January 1 and May 10, 2020, on GoFundMe. We identified the subset of COVID-19–related campaigns using keywords relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored the incidence of COVID-19–related campaigns by geography, by category, and over time, and we compared the characteristics of the campaigns to those of non–COVID-19–related campaigns after March 11, when the pandemic was declared. We then used a natural language processing algorithm to cluster campaigns by narrative content using overlapping keywords. Results We found that there was a substantial increase in overall GoFundMe web-based crowdfunding campaigns in March, largely attributable to COVID-19–related campaigns. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic persisted and progressed, the number of campaigns per COVID-19 case declined more than tenfold across all states. The states with the earliest disease burden had the fewest campaigns per case, indicating a lack of a case-dependent response. COVID-19–related campaigns raised more money, had a longer narrative description, and were more likely to be shared on Facebook than other campaigns in the study period. Conclusions Web-based crowdfunding appears to be a stopgap for only a minority of campaigners. The novelty of an emergency likely impacts both campaign initiation and crowdfunding success, as it reflects the affective response of a community. Crowdfunding activity likely serves as an early signal for emerging needs and societal sentiment for communities in acute distress that could be used by governments and aid organizations to guide disaster relief and policy.
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Pandey, Supragya, Dr Devesh Katiyar, and Gaurav Goel. "Predicting Elections with Big Data." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46379.
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Abstract: A rapidly growing sector of the Indian political landscape is data consulting services for political campaigns. The US Presidential election served as a major catalyst for the emergence of data-driven political campaigns, as Barack Obama's campaign managers utilised big data to their advantage. Since then, larger data banks have been developed by election campaigns in numerous countries, including India. The BJP relied heavily on big data and the campaign managers to create its political plans for the 2014 general election. The BJP's resounding victory in this election has created enormous new opportunities for political marketing in India. Big Data analytics approaches aid campaign managers in analysing larger databases and developing the most effective voting-winning strategy. Because of this country's large and highly diversified population, the methods of such microtargeting political campaigns were unthinkable and alien to the largest democracy in the world. This essay is a modest attempt to comprehend the importance of big data analytics in contemporary Indian election campaigns.
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Enos, Ryan D., and Anthony Fowler. "Aggregate Effects of Large-Scale Campaigns on Voter Turnout." Political Science Research and Methods 6, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.21.
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To what extent do political campaigns mobilize voters? Despite the central role of campaigns in American politics and despite many experiments on campaigning, we know little about the aggregate effects of an entire campaign on voter participation. Drawing upon inside information from presidential campaigns and utilizing a geographic research design that exploits media markets spanning state boundaries, we estimate the aggregate effects of a large-scale campaign. We estimate that the 2012 presidential campaigns increased turnout in highly targeted states by 7–8 percentage points, on average, indicating that modern campaigns can significantly alter the size and composition of the voting population. Further evidence suggests that the predominant mechanism behind this effect is traditional ground campaigning, which has dramatically increased in scale in the last few presidential elections. Additionally, we find no evidence of diminishing marginal returns to ground campaigning, meaning that voter contacts, each likely exhibiting small individual effects, may aggregate to large effects over the course of a campaign.
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Min, Jeonghun, and Paul-Henri Gurian. "Do campaigns matter outside the United States? Equilibrium and enlightenment in Korean presidential elections." International Political Science Review 38, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512115598566.
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Do presidential campaigns matter outside the United States? We examine how public opinion responds to campaign events during Korean presidential campaigns. The fundamental variables of the election year influence vote intention before the campaign begins and substantially influence eventual vote choice. Campaign events assist voters to learn more about the fundamental variables – regionalism, party identification, and retrospective evaluations of the incumbent administration – and this leads to more informed intentions during the campaign. The results suggest that there is substantial congruence in the explanatory power of Holbrook’s ‘equilibrium’ theory and Gelman and King’s ‘enlightenment’ theory in presidential campaigns held in the US and in Korea.
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Dewanti, Inke Nur. "Black Campaign Social Media sebagai Komunikasi Aktor Politik dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia." JURNAL LENSA MUTIARA KOMUNIKASI 6, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jlmk.v6i1.2845.
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This research is intended to show how black campaigns are a communication medium for political actors in the general elections that took place in Indonesia, especially 2019. One of the black campaigns that was born was with the emergence of “cebong” and “kampret” who provoked social media. In addition, the media that contribute to the spread of the black campaign are not far from Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, to chat media such as WhatsApp. The method used in this research is a literature study. Later there are several ways that can be done to avoid black campaigns by taking repressive and preventive actions using law enforcement. In the discussion of this journal, it was found that media literacy is one of the supporting tools to help educate the public in political life. Media literacy can also be campaigned from an early age for the people to avoid hoaxes and disinformation that are increasingly rampant and increase political participation.
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Gray, Breda. "Mobility, Connectivity and Non-Resident Citizenship: Migrant Social Media Campaigns in the Irish Marriage Equality Referendum." Sociology 53, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 634–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038518807314.
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The proliferation of migrant social media campaigns calling for a ‘Yes’ vote in the Irish Marriage Equality referendum (May 2015) raises new questions about the conventions of political participation and non-resident citizenship rights. Via a discourse analysis of these campaigns, this article shows how the algorithmic agency of social media combines with the political agency and affective identifications of campaigners to shape the terms of non-resident citizen claims for enfranchisement and sexual citizenship rights. The article argues that despite their novel political tactics, the central campaign discourses of (im)mobility (leaving/staying-put), connectivity (active engagement) and ongoing stake in an inclusive homeland are underpinned by conventional democratic criteria for enfranchisement. The article addresses how these discourses intersect with state and business regimes of mobility and connectivity to produce a particular ordering of citizenship. It also points to those emergent practices and norms of political participation generally, and of non-resident citizenship in particular, that are foregrounded by these campaigns.
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Ragsdale, L. "Campaigns for Campaigners: a Review Essay." Political Research Quarterly 40, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591298704000411.
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Ragsdale, Lyn, Edie Goldenberg, Michael Traugott, Marjorie Randon Hershey, and Larry Sabato. "Campaigns for Campaigners: A Review Essay." Western Political Quarterly 40, no. 4 (December 1987): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/448259.
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Nasution, Juliana. "Determinants of the Successful Digital Campaigns on Zakat: an Analysis Based on Islamic Marketing Perspective." Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi 18, no. 1 (March 11, 2023): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v18i1.2023.pp94-109.
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Zakat campaigns have taken place from time to time in various phases of muslim history. The zakat campaign has been said to be effective, but evidence in Indonesia shows that the zakat literacy of muslim communities is not yet high, they also tend to choose to distribute zakat directly, and there is a wide gap between the potential and reality of zakat collection. This study aims to examine the determinants that influence the success of a digital zakat campaign, consisting of content or messages in the zakat campaign, amil or zakat campaigners, campaign target digital literacy, social media as a campaign platform, and campaign methods. This research is a quantitative research, with respondents consisting of 100 muzakki (zakat donator) at LAZ Dompet Dhuafa Waspada North Sumatra, Indonesia. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics and SEM-PLS using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the study show that content and social media have an effect but not significant on the success of the zakat digital campaign. Meanwhile, the amil factor and campaign method have a significant effect on the success of the zakat digital campaign. Meanwhile, digital literacy has a negative and insignificant effect on digital zakat campaigns. The results of this study indicate the importance of amil positioning in the success of the zakat campaign. This study proposes that zakat institutions cadre their own amil celebrities.
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Peacock, Nadine R., Susan Altfeld, Allison L. Rosenthal, Caitlin E. Garland, Jill M. Massino, Sherri L. Smith, Hillary L. Rowe, and Sarah E. Wagener. "Qualitative Analysis of Infant Safe Sleep Public Campaign Messaging." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917690339.
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The 1994 Back to Sleep public education campaign resulted in dramatic reductions in sleep-related infant deaths, but comparable progress in recent years has been elusive. We conducted qualitative analyses of recent safe sleep campaigns from 13 U.S. cities. Goals were to (a) determine whether the campaigns reflect the full range of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2011 safe sleep recommendations, (b) describe tone and framing of the messages (e.g., use of fear appeals), (c) describe targeting/tailoring of messages to priority populations, and (d) ascertain whether the campaigns have been evaluated for reach and/or effectiveness. Methods included computer-assisted analyses of campaign materials and key informant interviews. All campaigns included “ABC” (Alone, Back, Crib) messaging; many ignored other AAP recommendations such as breastfeeding, room-sharing, immunizations, and avoiding smoke exposure. Campaigns frequently targeted priority populations such as African Americans. Fear appeals were used in three quarters of the campaigns, and 60% of the fear-based campaigns used guilt/blame messaging. We did not find published evaluation data for any of the campaigns. More attention is needed in public education campaigns to the full range of AAP recommendations, and evaluations are needed to determine the impact of these interventions on knowledge, behavior, and health outcomes.
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Boleslavsky, Raphael, and Christopher Cotton. "Information and Extremism in Elections." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20130006.
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We model an election in which parties nominate candidates with observable policy preferences prior to a campaign that produces information about candidate quality, a characteristic independent of policy. Informative campaigns lead to greater differentiation in expected candidate quality, which undermines policy competition. In equilibrium, as campaigns become more informative, candidates become more extreme. We identify conditions under which the costs associated with extremism dominate the benefits of campaign information. Informative political campaigns increase political extremism and can decrease voter welfare. Our results have implications for media coverage, the number of debates, and campaign finance reform. (JEL D72, D83)
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Pasadeos, Yorgo. "Mini-Campaign Smoothes Bumps for Ad Campaigns." Journalism Educator 42, no. 3 (September 1987): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769588704200314.
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Bode, Leticia, David S. Lassen, Young Mie Kim, Dhavan V. Shah, Erika Franklin Fowler, Travis Ridout, and Michael Franz. "Coherent campaigns? Campaign broadcast and social messaging." Online Information Review 40, no. 5 (September 12, 2016): 580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-11-2015-0348.
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Purpose Despite the growing use of social media by politicians, especially during election campaigns, research on the integration of these media into broader campaign communication strategies remains rare. The purpose of this paper is to ask what the consequences of the transition to social media may be, specifically considering how Senate candidates’ use of a popular social network, Twitter, is related to their messaging via broadcast media in the form of campaign advertising, in terms of content and tone. Design/methodology/approach To address this research question, a unique data set combining every tweet (10,303) and every television ad aired (576,933 ad airings) by candidate campaigns for the US Senate during the 2010 campaign is created. Using these data, tweets and ads are analyzed for their references to issues as well as their overall tone. Findings Findings demonstrate that social messaging often resembles broadcast advertising, but that Twitter nonetheless occupies a unique place in modern campaigns in that its tone tends to be quite different than that of advertisements. Research limitations/implications This sheds light on a larger debate about whether online campaigning has produced a fundamental change in election practices or whether new media simply extend “campaigning as usual.” Originality/value This study uses a novel data set, encompassing the complete universe of ads and tweets distributed by candidates for Senate in 2010.
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Han, Hahrie, and Elizabeth McKenna. "The Untilled Field of Field Campaigns." Perspectives on Politics 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271600116x.
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This paper considers the challenges and opportunities of conducting a thick, qualitative study of a twenty-first century presidential ground campaign. Our goals in the study were to describe phenomena that are not commonly examined in most studies of field campaigns, namely (a) the purportedly transformative impact of the campaign on both individuals and collective contexts, (b) the holistic interaction of different strategic elements of the campaign, and (c) the processes the campaign used to develop citizen leadership to scale the campaign. We also consider the limitations of our approach, the reception of a book intended for both academic and practitioner audiences, and underexploited research agendas in the study of campaigns.
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Lankford, Tina, Jana Wallace, David Brown, Jesus Soares, Jacqueline N. Epping, and Fred Fridinger. "Analysis of Physical Activity Mass Media Campaign Design." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 6 (August 2014): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0303.
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Background:Mass media campaigns are a necessary tool for public health practitioners to reach large populations and promote healthy behaviors. Most health scholars have concluded that mass media can significantly influence the health behaviors of populations; however the effects of such campaigns are typically modest and may require significant resources. A recent Community Preventive Services Task Force review on stand-alone mass media campaigns concluded there was insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness in increasing physical activity, partly due to mixed methods and modest and inconsistent effects on levels of physical activity.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the campaigns evaluated in the Task Force review to determine use of campaign-building principles, channels, and levels of awareness and their impact on campaign outcomes. Each study was analyzed by 2 reviewers for inclusion of campaign building principles.Results:Campaigns that included 5 or more campaign principles were more likely to be successful in achieving physical activity outcomes.Conclusion:Campaign success is more likely if the campaign building principles (formative research, audience segmentation, message design, channel placement, process evaluation, and theory-based) are used as part of campaign design and planning.
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Scotti Requena, Simone, Jane Pirkis, Dianne Currier, Mike Conway, Simon Lee, Jackie Turnure, Jennifer Cummins, and Angela Nicholas. "An Evaluation of the Boys Do Cry Suicide Prevention Media Campaign on Twitter: Mixed Methods Approach." JMIR Formative Research 7 (September 7, 2023): e49325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49325.
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Background In most countries, men are more likely to die by suicide than women. Adherence to dominant masculine norms, such as being self-reliant, is linked to suicide in men in Western cultures. We created a suicide prevention media campaign, “Boys Do Cry,” designed to challenge the “self-reliance” norm and encourage help-seeking in men. A music video was at the core of the campaign, which was an adapted version of the “Boys Don’t Cry” song from “The Cure.” There is evidence that suicide prevention media campaigns can encourage help-seeking for mental health difficulties. Objective We aimed to explore the reach, engagement, and themes of discussion prompted by the Boys Do Cry campaign on Twitter. Methods We used Twitter analytics data to investigate the reach and engagement of the Boys Do Cry campaign, including analyzing the characteristics of tweets posted by the campaign’s hosts. Throughout the campaign and immediately after, we also used Twitter data derived from the Twitter Application Programming Interface to analyze the tweeting patterns of users related to the campaign. In addition, we qualitatively analyzed the content of Boys Do Cry–related tweets during the campaign period. Results During the campaign, Twitter users saw the tweets posted by the hosts of the campaign a total of 140,650 times and engaged with its content a total of 4477 times. The 10 highest-performing tweets by the campaign hosts involved either a video or an image. Among the 10 highest-performing tweets, the first was one that included the campaign’s core video; the second was a screenshot of the tweet posted by Robert Smith, the lead singer of The Cure, sharing the Boys Do Cry campaign’s video and tagging the campaign’s hosts. In addition, the pattern of Twitter activity for the campaign-related tweets was considerably higher during the campaign than in the immediate postcampaign period, with half of the activity occurring during the first week of the campaign when Robert Smith promoted the campaign. Some of the key topics of discussions prompted by the Boys Do Cry campaign on Twitter involved users supporting the campaign; referencing the original song, band, or lead singer; reiterating the campaign’s messages; and having emotional responses to the campaign. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a brief media campaign such as Boys Do Cry can achieve good reach and engagement and can prompt discussions on Twitter about masculinity and suicide. Such discussions may lead to greater awareness about the importance of seeking help and providing support to those with mental health difficulties. However, this study suggests that longer, more intensive campaigns may be needed in order to amplify and sustain these results.
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Kraak, Vivica I., Adrienne Holz, Chelsea L. Woods, Ann R. Whitlow, and Nicole Leary. "A Content Analysis of Persuasive Appeals Used in Media Campaigns to Encourage and Discourage Sugary Beverages and Water in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 14 (July 13, 2023): 6359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146359.
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The frequent consumption of sugary beverages is associated with many health risks. This study examined how persuasive appeals and graphics were used in different media campaigns to encourage and discourage sugary beverages and water in the United States (U.S.) The investigators developed a codebook, protocol and systematic process to conduct a qualitative content analysis for 280 media campaigns organized into a typology with six categories. SPSS version 28.0 was used to analyze rational and emotional appeals (i.e., positive, negative, coactive) for campaign slogans, taglines and graphic images (i.e., symbols, colors, audiences) for 60 unique campaigns across the typology. Results showed that positive emotional appeals were used more to promote sugary beverages in corporate advertising and marketing (64.7%) and social responsibility campaigns (68.8%), and less to encourage water in social marketing campaigns (30%). In contrast, public awareness campaigns used negative emotional appeals (48.1%), and advocacy campaigns combined rational (30%) and emotional positive (50%) and negative appeals (30%). Public policy campaigns used rational (82.6%) and positive emotional appeals (73.9%) to motivate support or opposition for sugary beverage tax legislation. Chi-square analyses assessed the relationships between the U.S. media campaign typology categories and graphic elements that revealed three variables with significant associations between the campaign typology and race/ethnicity (χ2(103) = 32.445, p = 0.039), content (χ2(103) = 70.760, p < 0.001) and product image (χ2(103) = 11.930, p = 0.036). Future research should examine how positive persuasive appeals in text and graphics can promote water to reduce sugary beverage health risks.
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Enos, Ryan D., and Eitan D. Hersh. "Campaign Perceptions of Electoral Closeness: Uncertainty, Fear and Over-Confidence." British Journal of Political Science 47, no. 3 (September 22, 2015): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000435.
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In partnership with state Democratic parties and the Obama campaign, the authors surveyed staffers from nearly 200 electoral campaigns in 2012, asking about the expected vote share in their races. Political operatives’ perceptions of closeness can affect how they campaign and represent citizens, but their perceptions may be wildly inaccurate: campaigns may irrationally fear close contests or be unrealistically optimistic. Findings indicate that political operatives are more optimistic than fearful, and that incumbent and higher-office campaigns are more accurate at assessing their chances. While the public may be better served by politicians fearing defeat, campaigns are typically staffed by workers who are over-confident, which may limit the purported benefits of electoral competition.
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Cann, Damon M. "Justice for Sale? Campaign Contributions and Judicial Decisionmaking." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 7, no. 3 (September 2007): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153244000700700303.
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As state judicial campaigns become progressively more expensive and political, judicial candidates have turned more frequently to lawyers and law firms for campaign contributions. Given that lawyers who contribute to judges' campaigns frequently appear before them in court, the potential for a conflict of interest arises. I ask whether judges are more likely to rule in favor of attorneys who provide financial support to their campaigns. Looking at cases decided in the Supreme Court of Georgia's 2003 term, I show that campaign contributions are indeed correlated with judges' decisions. Furthermore, I use a two-stage probit least squares estimator to show that these campaign contributions directly affect judicial decisionmaking.
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Verma, Rupali, and Umang Gupta. "Empowering Narratives: Exploring the Impact of Kotak General Insurance's 'Drive Like a Lady' Campaign on Shifting Perceptions of Female Empowerment." Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science 37, no. 4 (May 23, 2024): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2024/v37i41316.
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Amid India's evolving societal landscape, this study delves into the profound influence of Kotak General Insurance's 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign on reshaping perceptions of female empowerment and aspirations. Central to the campaign is the portrayal of Surekha Yadav, India's first female loco pilot, whose journey embodies resilience and determination. By spotlighting Yadav's story and celebrating women who drive change, the campaign aims to instill empowerment and possibility among its audience. The literature review section provides a thorough examination of relevant literature surrounding gender stereotypes, biases, and the role of advocacy campaigns in driving social change. The methodology section outlines the research approach adopted to analyze the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign. This section discusses the theoretical underpinnings guiding the analysis and the conceptual framework employed. Drawing on theories such as the Hypodermic Theory and the Habermas Public Sphere Theory, it offers a conceptual framework for understanding the transformative potential of initiatives like the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign in challenging ingrained societal norms and fostering inclusivity. It emphasizes the use of qualitative analysis, and content analysis, to examine the campaign's effectiveness in reshaping cultural narratives surrounding female achievement and ambition. In the results section, the findings of the study are presented, highlighting the campaign's effectiveness in challenging biased stereotypes and inspiring young girls to pursue ambitious goals. Through content analysis and exploration of existing literature, the research uncovers how the campaign's storytelling strategies and celebration of female role models foster a more inclusive and aspirational societal narrative. Additionally, the study examines the campaign's resonance across diverse demographic groups, probing its ability to surpass cultural boundaries and resonate with individuals from varied socio-economic backgrounds. Finally, the conclusion synthesizes the key insights from the study, emphasizing the significant impact of the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign as a catalyst for reshaping cultural norms and empowering the next generation of women to dream big and defy societal limitations. It underscores the transformative power of advocacy campaigns in driving social change and recommends further research to explore the long-term implications of such initiatives on gender equality in India.