Academic literature on the topic 'Campaigns of Germany'

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Journal articles on the topic "Campaigns of Germany"

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Ageev, Rostislav Evgenevich. "The Evolution of Electoral Technologies in Germany and the Bundestag Elections of 1998." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2023): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2023.1.39773.

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The subject of the study is the federal election campaigns of the main competitors in the German Bundestag elections of 1998 - the CDU and the SPD. The object of the study is the evolution of German political culture related to the practice of conducting federal election campaigns. The purpose of this work is to analyze the election campaigns of the CDU and the SPD in 1998 to identify new elements of the professionalized, "Americanized", modernized campaign of the SPD, which, against the background of the traditional CDU campaign, contributed to the victory of the Social Democrats and the coming to power in Germany of the "red-green" coalition led by Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. The scientific novelty of the article is that the effectiveness of election campaigns is considered as one of the significant factors influencing the outcome of the party-political struggle, and the 1998 elections are considered as one of the turning points in the evolution of German political culture in terms of party election campaigns. The successful SPD campaign, which abandoned many traditional elements and actively borrowed new electoral practices from the United States and Great Britain, had a significant impact on the modernization of the forms and methods of electoral struggle of the main parties in Germany in the next two decades.
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Gattermann, Katjana, and Franziska Marquart. "Do Spitzenkandidaten really make a difference? An experiment on the effectiveness of personalized European Parliament election campaigns." European Union Politics 21, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 612–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116520938148.

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This article investigates the impact of pan-European candidates in European Parliament election campaigns. It focusses on the two 2019 nominees for the European Greens, who were Dutch and German, respectively. We conducted a pre-registered experiment in the Netherlands and Germany in early April 2019 to test the effects of (non-)personalized campaign posters on (a) turnout intention and (b) vote intention for the Greens alongside possible mediating effects of campaign and candidate evaluations. Our results suggest that while personalized campaigns as opposed to non-personalized campaigns may not matter per se for turnout and vote intention, individual candidates can make a difference in European elections, particularly with respect to vote intention. As such, the results have important implications for our understanding of European Parliament election campaigns.
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Siebeneicher, Sven, Ilker Yenice, and Carolin Bock. "Financial-Return Crowdfunding for Energy and Sustainability in the German-Speaking Realm." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912239.

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The transformation of the energy system is among the most relevant topics of the current public debate in the German-speaking realm. Crowdfunding is suitable for promoting sustainable development, such as financing renewable energies. We investigate success determinants of financial-return crowdfunding to understand how this financing technique can contribute to realizing sustainable development, such as the energy transition. We conduct a cross-platform study and consider sustainably oriented campaigns to answer two research questions: First, what determinants influence financial-return crowdfunding success? Second, how does a sustainable orientation affect these success determinants? We rely on signaling theory to investigate the effect of quality signals. We consider four meta-platforms that aggregate campaigns with sustainable and other funding purposes, obtaining a dataset of 434 financial-return crowdfunding campaigns, mainly from Austria and Germany. We use hierarchical linear regression models for our statistical analysis. Our findings indicate that sustainable orientation alone does not significantly affect crowdfunding success. Entrepreneurs can increase their chances of campaign success by raising the interest rate unless their campaign has a sustainable orientation. In sustainably oriented campaigns, the effect of the interest rate is compensated. Finally, we find no significant evidence suggesting that the campaign duration affects sustainable or non-sustainable crowdfunding success.
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Busch, Peter. "The “Vietnam Legion”: West German Psychological Warfare against East German Propaganda in the 1960s." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 3 (July 2014): 164–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00472.

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Studies in the wake of the “cultural turn” in diplomatic history have shown that propaganda and public diplomacy were key aspects of Western Cold War strategy. This article expands recent literature by focusing on propaganda practices at the grassroots level, making use of West and East German archival records to trace information campaigns in relation to the Vietnam War. In addition to explaining the organization of East German propaganda campaigns, the article explores the methods used by the psychological warfare section of West Germany’s Ministry of Defense. This section maintained an unofficial network that helped publish “camouflaged propaganda” at home as well as in France and Great Britain. Germany’s Nazi past was an important aspect of East Germany’s campaign that accused West Germany of having deployed a “Vietnam Legion.” Interestingly, Germany’s Nazi legacy also cast a shadow over the methods West German psychological warfare experts relied on to counter East German accusations.
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Moosmayer, Dirk C., and Alexandre Fuljahn. "Consumer perceptions of cause related marketing campaigns." Journal of Consumer Marketing 27, no. 6 (September 14, 2010): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363761011078280.

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PurposeBy replicating two seminal studies on cause‐related marketing (CRM) campaigns, this paper aims to investigate the influence of gender and of donation size on consumer perception of firm behavior, consumer attitude to product, consumer goodwill toward the CRM campaign, consumer perception of the benefit to the NPO, and consumer attitude toward CRM.Design/methodology/approachAn online experiment was conducted with 306 students from a German university to evaluate their responses to a CRM campaign. The presented campaign supported a German children's charity, and varied with regard to donation size.FindingsConsumer perception of firm behavior, consumer goodwill toward the CRM campaign, and consumer attitude to product vary significantly by gender. Donation size has a significant influence on consumer goodwill toward the CRM campaign and on consumer perception of the benefit to the NPO. The impact of donation size is rooted in external perceptions, and partly moderated by gender.Research limitations/implicationsThe chosen non‐forced stimulus presentation may overestimate the measured impact. The applied stimuli may underlie specific gender characteristics that influence responses. Further research might thus apply forced stimulus exposure designs to a broader set of causes and products.Practical implicationsResults imply that CRM campaigns promise to be particularly suitable for promoting products to women. When addressing men, small donations appear to be sufficient.Originality/valueThe authors expand existing research in three ways. Campaign impact is differentiated by consumer attitudes toward the company, toward the product, and toward the NPO. The article shows that the impact of donation size is gender‐specific. By investigating CRM response in Germany, the study regionally expands existing research.
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Mushaben, Joyce Marie. "Kan-di(e)-dat?" German Politics and Society 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2018.360102.

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Angela Merkel’s four national election campaigns offer a unique opportunity to explore the salience of gender in defining “competent leadership” in unified Germany. Women-friendly themes were deliberately avoided by the candidate and her party during her first two campaigns, but Merkel’s personal popularity rendered gender a positive asset during her third run for the Chancellorship in 2013. The 2017 campaign accorded new salience to gender as an electoral variable, albeit with a twist. The new dilemma for Germany’s first female leader was rooted in the need to win back alienated, if apolitical conservative men, attracted to an increasingly xenophobic Alternative for Germany. Although the GDR gender regime actively supported working women, eastern men appear to feel particularly threatened by the concrete advances towards gender equality witnessed across Germany since unification.
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Flade, Falk, and Sławomir Kamosiński. "‘Kapitalisten’ and ‘Prywaciarze’. A Comparison of Nationalisation Campaigns in the GDR and Poland." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2021-0007.

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Abstract This paper compares nationalisation campaigns in the German Democratic Republic and socialist Poland, with particular focus on industry. It is based on secondary literature as well as material from both the German and Polish statistical offices. The main finding is a surprising lack of simultaneity in the nationalisation campaigns in the two countries, which possibly had a significant impact on the course of economic transformation in East Germany and in Poland.
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Karcher, Katharina. "Violence for a Good Cause? The Role of Violent Tactics in West German Solidarity Campaigns for Better Working and Living Conditions in the Global South in the 1980s." Contemporary European History 28, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000237.

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AbstractTaking up Frank Trentmann's suggestion of ‘widening the historical frame’ in which we analyse the fair trade movement, this article explores the entangled history of violent and peaceful tactics in two transnational solidarity campaigns in West Germany the 1980s: the German anti-Apartheid movement and a campaign for women workers in a South Korean garment factory. Both campaigns had the aim to improve the living and working conditions of producers in the Global South and were characterised by a complex interplay of peaceful and militant tactics ranging from boycott calls to arson attacks and bombings. Although more research into the impact of violent protest is needed, the two case studies suggest that the use of violent protest tactics can contribute towards the success of protest movements if it attracts considerable media attention, the targeted companies face significant social and political pressure and the cumulative disruption costs clearly exceed the concession costs.
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Botsch, Gideon. "Taking Nativism to the Streets." Moving the Social 66 (October 31, 2021): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/mts.66.2021.43-62.

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In this article, I give an overview on nativist street protests in Germany from the early nineteenth century to the present from an historical perspective. In a preliminary remark, I will reflect on some recent developments in Germany, where nativist protest campaigns against immigration took place in the streets when voters were turning towards the populist radical right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). In the first section, I will outline an older tradition of anti-immigration protest in nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany, which is closely connected to modern antisemitism. In sections two and three, I will retrace how, from the late 1960s onward, the far right in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) discovered concerns about immigration in the German population, addressed them in protest campaigns and developed narratives to integrate such sentiments into a broader right-wing extremist ideology, itself deeply rooted in antisemitism. Studying nativism and the radical right from an actor-oriented perspective, I will focus on traditionalist movements, including the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) and neo-Nazi groups.
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Stock, Benita, and Luis Möckel. "Characterization of blood donors and non-blood donors in Germany using an online survey." Health and Technology 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12553-021-00532-y.

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Abstract Objectives of this study were to analyze characteristics influencing blood donation status, to identify anxieties and reasons for (non-)blood donation, and potential channels for future blood donation campaigns. A random population from Germany was interviewed using the online survey tool SoSci Survey. The access link to the questionnaire was distributed via snowball system and the Bavarian Red Cross. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors influencing blood donation status. A total of 682 participants (27.3% blood donors) with a mean age of 33.4 and a standard deviation (SD) of 12.0 years were included into the analysis. Strongest factor associated with being blood donor was having a blood donor within family and friends (Odds ratio [OR]: 5.05 [95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.63; 9.70]; p≤0.001), whereas having anxiety related to blood donation was the strongest factor for being non-blood donor (OR: 0.11 [95% CI: 0.05; 0.21] p≤0.001). Other factors significantly influencing blood donor status were age, health-related quality of life, knowledge on blood donation, being an organ donor and having pre-conditions. Main anxieties avoiding blood donation were fear of physical consequences, and fear of the injection needle. Most frequently mentioned channels which should be used for blood donation campaigns were Instagram and free TV. Involving blood donors into campaigns to recruit new blood donors from their personal environment and to focus campaign content on physical benefits of blood donations might help to recruit new blood donors. In addition, running campaigns stronger on channels such as Instagram might increase their scope.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Campaigns of Germany"

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Gayt��n, Ruiz M��nica. "Design of marketing campaigns and cultural differences. Comparative study in Mexico and Germany." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lni/gaytan_r_m/.

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This project gives an approach of what constitutes the culture and the reasons why international firms, by trying to conquer foreign markets, have to consider it for doing advertising. A literature review and an observation were made in this thesis and the goal is to find out if the culture really matters when doing advertising in a foreign country. This is taking into account Hofstede��s dimensions and other factors like traditions, values and language. In this particularly case observation was made by analysis of advertisements in Mexico and in Germany. At the end of the research it is find that Hofstede��s cultural dimensions can be also reflected in the commercials. Nevertheless, Individualism and Masculinity are the two mainly dimensions that were observed in the TV spots analyzed. Therefore, Hofstede��s dimensions can be very helpful as a basis when an International marketer wants to expand their products and reach markets in other countries..
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Ehlers, Robert S. Jr. "BDA: Anglo-American air intelligence, bomb damage assessment, and the bombing campaigns against Germany, 1914-1945." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1114180918.

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Ehlers, Robert S. "BDA Anglo-American air intelligence, bomb damage assessment, and the bombing campaigns against Germany, 1914-1945 /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1114180918.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 680 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 April 22.
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Cserno, Isabell. "Race and mass consumption in consumer culture national trademark advertising campaigns in the United States and Germany, 1890-1930 /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8043.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of American Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Scott, James Christian. "Germany, Great Britain and the Rashid Ali al-Kilani Revolt of Spring 1941." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5025.

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There are few events in the history of humankind which have been more compelling than the Second World War (1939-1945). Unfortunately, most of what transpired during this period of history stands obscured by events such as D-Day, Kursk, and Midway, all happenings which popular history has been more than happy to dwell upon. This study' s intent is to, with the use of primary materials, analyze one of the more "obscured" happenings of the Second World War, the Rashid Ali al-Kilani Revolt of April and May 1941. Central to this work is an assessment of the policy responses of both Great Britain and Germany to the Baghdadbased revolt. It also seeks to answer the following question: why did Great Britain approach the coup with great urgency, while Germany, for the most part, paid it very little attention? In the case of Great Britain, its traditional power position in the Middle East, and possession of both the Suez Canal and extensive oil stocks, was challenged by Axis activity in north Africa, the Balkans and Crete. The Iraqi coup simply exacerbated the British problem. London's fears were valid and its successful response reflected as much. For Germany and its leader Adolf Hitler, ideological concerns took precedence over a Middle Eastern campaign. A Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, an event which, by design, would destroy Slavism, Bolshevism, and much of world Jewry, plus gain greater Germany "living space," was primary to Hitler's thinking in the spring of 1941. Furthermore, the Fuehrer's desire for an Anglo-German "understanding" seems to have influenced his attitude in regards to the coup. Conclusions are also drawn that the policy paths chosen by each European player during the coup were met with dissension. In Great Britain's case, Middle Eastern Commander-in-Chief Archibald Wavell felt that aggressive British action in Iraq might antagonize Arab nationalism. For Germany, Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop was a major advocate of an antiBritish strategy and corresponding Nazi activity in Iraq. The Rashid Ali coup represented the last opportunity for Ribbentrop, prior to "Barbarossa," to expose the great vulnerability of the British Empire. From this, proffered is the theory that Ribbentrop, through an exploitation of the Iraq coup, was perhaps attempting to dissuade Hitler from an invasion of the Soviet Union.
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Truxal, Luke. "Command Unity and the Air War against Germany." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404524/.

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Starting in August 1942 the United States and United Kingdom started waging a strategic bombing offensive against Germany. Throughout the course of the 1942 and 1943 campaigns, American and British air forces struggled to gain the upper hand in the European air war. By November 1943 American and British defeats at the hands of the German Air Force, or Luftwaffe, had placed the air war in doubt. By February 1944, the air war had turned around in favor of the Allies. This dramatic turn of events has been explained by historians in a number of ways. The most popular narrative is that the introduction of the long range escort fighter, the P-51 "Mustang," turned the tide in the air war. Another narrative is that there was a change in the fighter tactics. Starting in January 1944, American fighters stopped defending the bombers and started aggressively pursuing German fighters. Yet, these analyses do not include a major command changes that took place from November to January 1944. After his appointment to command of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, General Dwight D. Eisenhower used his position centralize all of the major air commands in Europe under his control. By unifying the air commands, the Allies were able to better coordinate and concentrate their air against Germany. In February 1944 the Allies focused their air forces against the Luftwaffe ultimately wearing down German fighter strength. After finally removing a major obstacle impending the strategic air war against Germany, the Allies concentrated their air forces against transportation and oil targets. The destruction of these two major economic systems crippled Germany's ability to fight the Allies in 1944 and 1945. By changing the command structure, Eisenhower was able to use his air forces in successful coordinated strategic air offensives that the Allies had previously been incapable of accomplishing.
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Veal, Stephen Ariel. "The collapse of the German army in the East in the summer of 1944 (Volume 1)." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4301.

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The collapse of the German Army in the East in the Summer of 1944 is analyzed and determined to be the result of the following specific factors: German intelligence failures; German defensive doctrine; loss of German air superiority; Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union; German mobile reserves committed in the West; Soviet numerical superiority; and Soviet offensive doctrine and tactics. The collapse of Army Group Center, the destruction of the XIII Army Corps, and the collapse of Army Group South Ukraine in Romania during the Summer of 1944 are examined in detail. The significance of the collapse of the German Army in the East is compared to events occurring on the Anglo-American fronts and the German losses on both theaters of military operations are compared. The Soviet contributions to the defeat of the German Army during the Summer of 1944 are examined and the views of Soviet historiography and American historiography compared.
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Veal, Stephen Ariel. "The collapse of the German army in the East in the summer of 1944 (Volume 2)." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4302.

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The collapse of the German Army in the East in the Summer of 1944 is analyzed and determined to be the result of the following specific factors: German intelligence failures; German defensive doctrine; loss of German air superiority; Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union; German mobile reserves committed in the West; Soviet numerical superiority; and Soviet offensive doctrine and tactics. The collapse of Army Group Center, the destruction of the XIII Army Corps, and the collapse of Army Group South Ukraine in Romania during the Summer of 1944 are examined in detail. The significance of the collapse of the German Army in the East is compared to events occurring on the Anglo-American fronts and the German losses on both theaters of military operations are compared. The Soviet contributions to the defeat of the German Army during the Summer of 1944 are examined and the views of Soviet historiography and American historiography compared.
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Bernheim, Robert B. "The Commissar Order and the Seventeenth German Army : from genesis to implementation, 30 March 1941-31 January 1942." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85128.

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An essential and critical component of the orders German front-line formations received in the ideological war against the Soviet Union was the Commissar Order of 6 June 1941. This order, issued by the High Command of the Armed Forces prior to the German invasion of the Soviet Union, required that front-line military formations, as well as SS and police units attached to the Army, immediately execute Soviet political commissars among prisoners of war. Soviet political commissars were attached to the Red Army at virtually every operational level, and were viewed by both Hitler and the High Command as the foremost leaders of the resistance against the Nazis because of their commitment to Bolshevik ideology. According to the Commissar Order, "Commissars will not be treated as soldiers. The protection afforded by international law to prisoners of war will not apply in their case. After they have been segregated they will be liquidated."
While there is no paucity of information on the existence and intent of the Commissar Order, this directive has only been investigated by scholars as a portion of a much greater ideological portrait, or subsumed in the larger context of overall Nazi criminal activities during "Operation Barbarossa."
Examining the extent to which front-line divisions carried out the charge to shoot all grades of political commissars is necessary if we are to understand the role and depth of involvement by front-line troops of the Wehrmacht in a murderous program of extermination during the German attack and occupation of the Soviet Union. Such an examination has simply not taken place to-date. My dissertation seeks to address this issue. The result is both a narrative on the genesis of the Commissar Order and its attendant decrees and agreements between the Army leadership and the SS ( SD) and Security Police, and a quantitative analysis of how many commissars were reported captured and shot by the front-line forces of the 17th Army over a seven month period.
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Bachmeier, Andreas. "Wirtschaftspopulismus die Instrumentalisierung von Arbeitslosigkeit in Wahlkämpfen." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2833704&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Wirtschaftspopulismus : die Instrumentalisierung von Arbeitslosigkeit in Bundestagswahlkämpfen. Eine Analyse der Bundestagswahlkämpfe 1994, 1998 und 2002 am Beispiel des Themas Arbeitslosigkeit.
Literaturverz. S. 165 - 172
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Books on the topic "Campaigns of Germany"

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Rommel: Battles and campaigns. New York: Da Capo Press, 1997.

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Petre, F. Loraine. Napoleon's last campaign in Germany, 1813. London: Greenhill Books, 1992.

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Paschall, Rod. The defeat of imperial Germany, 1917-1918. Chapel Hill, N.C: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1989.

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Erickson, John. Stalin's war with Germany. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.

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Rost, Daniel. A comparison and analysis of political campaigning in the US and Germany. Freiberg: TU Bergakademie, 2007.

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Paschall, Rod. The defeat of imperial Germany, 1917-1918. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994.

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The defeat of imperial Germany, 1917-1918. Chapel Hill, N.C: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1989.

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Death of the Wehrmacht: The German Campaigns of 1942. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas, 2007.

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Adolf, Jacobsen Hans, ed. The last days of Nazi Germany and imperial Japan: A pictorial history. Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, LLC, 2009.

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Hastings, Max. Armageddon: The battle for Germany, 1944-45. London: Macmillan, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Campaigns of Germany"

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Gawthrop, Richard L. "Literacy Drives in Preindustrial Germany." In National Literacy Campaigns, 29–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0505-5_2.

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Levin, Tobe. "Female Genital Mutilation: Campaigns in Germany." In Engendering Human Rights, 285–301. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04382-5_14.

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Bowler, Shaun, David Broughton, Todd Donovan, and Joseph Snipp. "The Informed Electorate? Voter Responsiveness to Campaigns in Britain and Germany." In Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing, 204–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22411-1_11.

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Sedlmaier, Alexander. "Boycott Campaigns of the Radical Left in Cold-War West Germany." In Boycotts Past and Present, 115–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94872-0_7.

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Lilleker, Darren G., and Nigel A. Jackson. "Elections 2.0: Comparing E-Campaigns in France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States." In Das Internet im Wahlkampf, 96–116. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92853-1_3.

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Boll, Bernhard, and Thomas Poguntke. "Germany: The 1990 All-German Election Campaign." In Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing, 121–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22411-1_7.

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Bulli, Giorgia. "A Post-Modern Campaign?" In Germany after the Grand Coalition, 89–106. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230115415_6.

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Ostrowski, Marius S. "The Election Campaign." In Eduard Bernstein on the German Revolution, 405–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27719-2_32.

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Siemann, Wolfram. "The Campaign for the Imperial Constitution, April–July 1849." In The German Revolution of 1848–49, 200–212. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26910-5_14.

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Hubatsch, Walther. "The Norwegian Campaign, 1940: Strategy in Critical Retrospect." In Studies in Medieval and Modern German History, 173–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17822-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Campaigns of Germany"

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Libens, A., M. Vandorpe, and J. M. Cuchet. "WDC: Advanced System for Characterization of Alpha-Bearing Waste Contained in 200L and 400L Drums: Performances and Lessons Learned From the First Industrial Measurement Campaigns." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7022.

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The Waste Drum Characterization installation was originally developed for the assay of alpha-bearing waste in standard 200 l (55 gallons) drums during the dismantling operations of the Siemens mixed-oxide (MOX) facility in Hanau (Germany). That installation was validated and qualified by the German authorities, its main performances being: - Counting efficiency for coincident neutrons: app. 1%; - Lowest Limit of Detection (LLD): 75 mg 240Pueq; - Pu content per drum: up to 100 g tot. (35 g 240Pueq); - Measurement duration: app. 20 minutes. The success of this system, a passive neutron coincidence counter combined with a high resolution gamma spectrometer, led to the radiological characterization and qualification of about 1,700 drums during the period 2001 – 2004. In 2005, after completion of the dismantling operations of the Siemens MOX facility, Tecnubel took over the WDC installation which could be used in the frame of the future dismantling of the Belgonucleaire’s MOX plant in Dessel (Belgium), which can be comparable to the Siemen’s one. This second (and new) life for the WDC means that it must be rigorously retested and validated against the Belgian authorities requirements. Furthermore, and additionally to the future use in the Belgonucleaire’s facility, Tecnubel was faced with new challenges, namely: - Assay of 400 l drums together with the 200 l packages; - Determination of the real LLD taking into account the background in different Belgian nuclear facilities, the determination of a value of ∼5 mg 240Pueq being an objective; - Assay of mixed alpha/beta-gamma wastes; - Transportability of the WDC from one plant to another; - Assistance to different nuclear operators for the licensing of the WDC for their own waste types. This paper describes the installation itself and its performances, presents the difficulties encountered during the new challenge and the results of the performed revalidation tests; it gives the perspectives and objectives on short time as well.
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Barthel, R., W. Goldammer, and M. Helming. "Exemption Levels for the Recycling and Disposal of Residues With Enhanced Levels of Natural Radioactivity (TENORM) in Germany." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1267.

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Abstract The new German Radiation Protection Ordinance contains for the first time a systematic framework of regulations protecting workers and the public against radiation exposures from residues of industrial and mining processes containing enhanced levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (TENORM). These regulations will satisfy the requirements of the European Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM and serve as a common basis for the radiation protection activities of the German states in this field. The consideration of exposures from materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides gains on this basis an increased level of significance within the German radiation protection efforts. The overall goal of the new regulations is to keep the additional effective dose for the population from the recycling and disposal of TENORM below 1 mSv/a. In order to achieve this objective, companies in which such residues arise have to carry out representative measurements of activity concentrations in these materials. If exemption levels defined in the new regulations are exceeded, restrictions on the recycling and disposal come into effect. These exemption levels are nuclide specific and distinguish between material types and different recycling and disposal options. This specific definition of exemption criteria serves the goal to minimise the number of companies and the amount of residues affected by the new regulations to the extent possible, focussing the efforts of operators and regulators to those materials having the potential to actually cause radiation exposure problems. The specific exemption criteria were derived on the basis of an analysis of typical amounts and activity concentrations of industrial and mining residues with enhanced radioactivity contents in Germany. In a second step, practically applied options for the recycling and disposal of these materials were investigated. On this basis, generic scenarios for the radiation exposure of the workforce and the public were defined and doses were estimated. All relevant pathways including possible long term effects (ground water) were considered in these analyses. Based on the 1 mSv/a criterion, a catalogue of relevant materials, potentially requiring radiation protection measures, was developed. For these materials the practically applied recycling or disposal options were grouped into categories, for which specific exemption levels were derived. The derivation of these criteria was based on realistic estimates of radiation exposure, for example taking into account the dilution of the residues with other materials in technological processes or during the disposal in landfills. The residues subject to the new regulations mostly arise in large quantities over extended periods of time. This leads to significant variations of radionuclide concentrations depending on feed materials and process parameters. To carry out representative measurements without the necessity of taking a too large number of samples, therefore, requires an adequate measurement strategy. Particular aspects to be considered are uncertainties of the measurements themselves and the heterogeneity of the residues. In addition, the measurement strategy has to be compatible with diverse situations in the different industries affected. The framework developed for designing individual strategies for the various industries and types of residues satisfies these requirements and can also provide guidance for measurement campaigns in other areas. The paper outlines the general situation with regard to TENORM in Germany. The main streams of residues and options for their recycling or disposal are described. On this basis, scenarios used for the radiological evaluation are defined and examples for resulting radiation exposures are given. The exemption levels derived from this analysis are discussed. Finally, the framework for the design and implementation of an adequate measurement strategy is outlined.
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Forni, Massimo, Alessandro Poggianti, Nicola Ranieri, and Gerardo De Canio. "Shaking Table Tests on Innovative Anti-Seismic Systems Developed in the Framework of the LESSLOSS European Integrated Project." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61229.

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The Integrated Project LESSLOSS (Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides), partially funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Programme, started on September 2004 and was concluded in August 2007. Activities were carried out by 46 European partners, with a total budget of 9.4 ME. The Project was divided into 11 Sub-Projects. This paper describes the activities performed in the framework of Sub-Project 6 (Development and Manufacturing of Energy Dissipation Devices and Seismic Isolators), which was coordinated by ENEA and whose partnership included two manufacturers of antiseismic devices (ALGA, Milan, Italy and MAURER SHO¨NE, Munich, Germany) and two consulting and construction companies (STAP, Lisbon, Portugal and VINCI, Paris-Rueil, France). Aim of Sub-Project 6 was the development and validation of two innovative antiseismic devices (a low stiffness isolator and an electroinductive damper), the improvement of the performances of a slider with curved surface and the evaluation of benefits and limits of isolation systems based on steel hysteretic dissipaters coupled with flat sliders. The Low Stiffness Isolator (LSI) was developed by ALGA; it is a natural rubber seismic isolator particularly addressed to light structures like family houses. The Electroinductive Damper (DECS), developed by ALGA, is an energy dissipater based on the interaction of a diamagnetic material, like aluminium, with an electric field generated by permanent magnets. The Sliding Isolation Pendulum (SIP) developed by MAURER is an improved curved surface slider, capable of withstanding high weights for long periods without creep effects and high velocity deformations without damages due to friction. Finally, several types of Steel Hysteretic (SH) elements of different geometries and materials have been analyzed and tested in order of evaluating the benefits and the limits of such devices, with particular regard to the re-centering capabilities. All the abovementioned devices have been tested on the ENEA shaking table of the Casaccia labs (near Rome), with a suitable mock-up capable of providing a 300 kN force on the devices in the acceleration and frequency ranges of interest, using several natural and artificial acceleration time histories purposely developed by ENEA. The paper describes the main features of the devices, the numerical activity aimed at the optimization of their behavior and the results of the four shaking table campaigns carried out on each device.
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Yue, Wang, Zhan Lechang, Ma Wenjuan, Zhang Yongxin, and Ma Li. "Research on Approval of Domestic and International Transport Container Application of Radioactive Material." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66279.

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Due to the potentially dangerous properties of radioactive material, it is during the transport that the process of nuclear energy and technology uses are prone to nuclear and radiation accidents. Radioactive material hence must be transported with reasonable containers to achieve heat dissipation, confinement of radioactive material, radiation shielding and prevention of nuclear criticality. The key to transport safety lies in the designing and manufacturing quality of the transport containers. Therefore, the safety supervision for transport containers of radioactive material is a guarantee for the environment and the public from nuclear and radiation hazards, also is international general practice. As the most authoritative international organization, International Atomic Energy Agenda (IAEA) draws up and regularly revises safety regulation ‘Regulation for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, which proposes technical indicators for transport containers of radioactive material and responsibility of competent authorities. According to the transport modes, other international organizations, such as International Maritime Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Air Transport Association, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, enacted related transport safety regulations based on actual needs. This paper introduces the administrative licensing approval process for the transport containers of radioactive material in China and the research on competent authority and approval procedure in American, Russia, France, Canada, Germany and Great Britain. In China, National Nuclear Safe Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the licensing approval for the transport containers of radioactive material, including designing, manufacturing, using and transporting of transport containers. NNSA also organizes and formulates relevant administrative regulations and approval procedures, and has issued administrative regulation ‘Regulation on the Safe Management for the Transport of Radioactive Material’ and a series of administrative rules, management procedures, guide, technical documents and so on. These regulations established the sort management of radioactive materials and the responsibility for competent authority, and also stipulated approval and supervision for transport and transport containers of radioactive materials. While some other countries, such as America, certifies the transport containers of radioactive material to achieve the control. The domestic and overseas research into administrative licensing approval processes for transport containers is in view of the increasing transport of radioactive material among countries and the requirement of international transport. Transport containers with material of high potential risk, such as spent fuel, need to obtain the transport approval from the competent authority of transit or arrival country. Therefore, the research on domestic and other countries licensing management of transport containers of radioactive material, which is not only beneficial to improving the transport safety management of radioactive material in China, but also can promote international transport campaigns of radioactive material..
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Froehlke, K., A. Haberzettl, O. Haidn, S. Heinrich, M. Sion, P. Vuillermoz, K. Froehlke, et al. "First hot fire test campaign at the French/German research facility P8." In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2929.

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Montzka, Carsten, Cosimo Brogi, David Mengen, Maria Matveeva, Stephani Baum, Dirk Schuttemeyer, Bagher Bayat, et al. "Sarsense: A C- and L-Band SAR Rehearsal Campaign in Germany in Preparation for ROSE-L." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324090.

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7

Ellsäßer, Gabriele, and Sandra Gottschalk. "SM 04-2037 Idb based risk analysis of trampoline accidents for a prevention campaign in germany." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.737.

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8

Lühr, M., C. Weber, M. Misfeld, P. Akhyari, S. M. Tugtekin, M. Diab, S. Saha, et al. "Incidence and Surgical Outcomes of Staphylococcus endocarditis: A Contemporary Analysis from the CAMPAIGN Registry." In 51st Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742869.

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9

Montzka, C., H. Bogena, L. Weihermueller, F. Jonard, M. Dimitrov, C. Bouzinac, J. Kainulainen, J. E. Balling, J. Vanderborght, and H. Vereecken. "Radio brightness validation on different spatial scales during the SMOS validation campaign 2010 in the Rur catchment, Germany." In IGARSS 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6050043.

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Lemmer (né Sandner), Frank, Wei Yu, Po Wen Cheng, Antonio Pegalajar-Jurado, Michael Borg, Robert F. Mikkelsen, and Henrik Bredmose. "The TripleSpar Campaign: Validation of a Reduced-Order Simulation Model for Floating Wind Turbines." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78119.

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Different research groups have recently tested scaled floating offshore wind turbines including blade pitch control. A test conducted by the University of Stuttgart (Germany), DTU (Denmark) and CENER (Spain) at the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) in 2016 successfully demonstrated a real-time blade pitch controller on the public 10MW TripleSpar semi-submersible concept at a scale of 1/60. In the presented work a reduced-order simulation model including control is compared against the model tests. The model has only five degrees of freedom and is formulated either in the time-domain or in the frequency-domain. In a first step the Morison drag coefficients are identified from decay tests as well as irregular wave cases. The identified drag coefficients depend clearly on the sea state, with the highest ones for the decay tests and small sea states. This is an important finding, for example for the design of a robust controller, which depends on the system damping. It is shown that the simplified model can well represent the dominant physical effects of the coupled system with a substantially reduced simulation time, compared to state-of-the-art models.
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Reports on the topic "Campaigns of Germany"

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Pearsall, G. H. The Effects of World War II Submarine Campaigns of Germany and the United States; A Comparative Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada283407.

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Strahan, Robert W. Command and Control of the First Modern Campaign; The German Invasion of Denmark and Norway - April, 1940. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351577.

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Gibson, Charles M. Operational Leadership as Practiced by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel during the German Campaign in North Africa, 1941-1942: Success or failure? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390190.

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