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D. Smidt, Corwin. "A Uniter and a Divider: American Presidential Campaigns and Partisan Perceptions of the National Economy." American Politics Research 48, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x19875712.
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Do American presidential campaigns polarize or unify partisan perceptions? I propose that they do both, where the balance of these countervailing forces varies by context. Campaign messages enable partisan differences, especially in battleground states, but campaigns also promote social contexts that foster accuracy motives and reduce the effects of partisan biases nationwide. After documenting panel data evidence of campaign trends toward unity, further tests compare the national effects of campaign engagement with the local effects of campaign intensity using daily survey data on national economic evaluations. In support of the countervailing forces framework, national engagement in presidential campaigns generally increased levels of cross-partisan agreement by campaign’s end, but local campaign intensity enhanced partisan differences in rate of responsiveness to the campaign. Although targeted campaigns reduced unifying effects in many states, presidential campaigns typically have a net unifying effect on American economic perceptions, thereby strengthening economic voting.
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Asmadi, Elyta, Ahirul Habib Padilah, and Syarifah Nurma Afhiani. "Successful Team Strategy in Winning Regional Head Candidate Pairs (A Study of the Sambas District Elections from 2011, 2015 and 2020)." International Journal of Sustainable Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsas.v2i1.1209.
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Successful team strategies in political campaigns involve various tactics and strategies designed to win voters' votes. Data Collection: Data collection through surveys and polls can help successful teams understand current issues that are important to voters and develop relevant campaign messages. Online Campaigns: Online campaigns have become more popular in modern political campaigns and can help successful teams build voter engagement and expand a campaign's reach. Live Campaigns: Live campaigns such as campaign tours, rallies, and candidate debates remain an important part of political campaigns and can help successful teams build relationships with voters and amplify campaign messages. Social Media: Social media can be a highly effective tool in modern political campaigns and can help successful teams build voter engagement, expand campaign reach, and amplify campaign messages. Positive Campaigns: Campaigns focusing on positive messages and a strong vision can help successful teams build strong support from voters. Assembling a Strong Team: A successful team of experienced people with different skills can help strengthen the campaign and ensure that the right strategies are used to win the election. Financial Management: Effective financial management can help successful teams maximize the use of resources and ensure that campaigns run smoothly.
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Scotti Requena, Simone, Jane Pirkis, Dianne Currier, Mike Conway, Simon Lee, Jackie Turnure, Jennifer Cummins, and Angela Nicholas. "An Evaluation of the Boys Do Cry Suicide Prevention Media Campaign on Twitter: Mixed Methods Approach." JMIR Formative Research 7 (September 7, 2023): e49325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49325.
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Background In most countries, men are more likely to die by suicide than women. Adherence to dominant masculine norms, such as being self-reliant, is linked to suicide in men in Western cultures. We created a suicide prevention media campaign, “Boys Do Cry,” designed to challenge the “self-reliance” norm and encourage help-seeking in men. A music video was at the core of the campaign, which was an adapted version of the “Boys Don’t Cry” song from “The Cure.” There is evidence that suicide prevention media campaigns can encourage help-seeking for mental health difficulties. Objective We aimed to explore the reach, engagement, and themes of discussion prompted by the Boys Do Cry campaign on Twitter. Methods We used Twitter analytics data to investigate the reach and engagement of the Boys Do Cry campaign, including analyzing the characteristics of tweets posted by the campaign’s hosts. Throughout the campaign and immediately after, we also used Twitter data derived from the Twitter Application Programming Interface to analyze the tweeting patterns of users related to the campaign. In addition, we qualitatively analyzed the content of Boys Do Cry–related tweets during the campaign period. Results During the campaign, Twitter users saw the tweets posted by the hosts of the campaign a total of 140,650 times and engaged with its content a total of 4477 times. The 10 highest-performing tweets by the campaign hosts involved either a video or an image. Among the 10 highest-performing tweets, the first was one that included the campaign’s core video; the second was a screenshot of the tweet posted by Robert Smith, the lead singer of The Cure, sharing the Boys Do Cry campaign’s video and tagging the campaign’s hosts. In addition, the pattern of Twitter activity for the campaign-related tweets was considerably higher during the campaign than in the immediate postcampaign period, with half of the activity occurring during the first week of the campaign when Robert Smith promoted the campaign. Some of the key topics of discussions prompted by the Boys Do Cry campaign on Twitter involved users supporting the campaign; referencing the original song, band, or lead singer; reiterating the campaign’s messages; and having emotional responses to the campaign. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a brief media campaign such as Boys Do Cry can achieve good reach and engagement and can prompt discussions on Twitter about masculinity and suicide. Such discussions may lead to greater awareness about the importance of seeking help and providing support to those with mental health difficulties. However, this study suggests that longer, more intensive campaigns may be needed in order to amplify and sustain these results.
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Murukutla, Nandita, Trish Cotter, Shuo Wang, Kerry Cullinan, Fathima Gaston, Alexey Kotov, Meena Maharjan, and Sandra Mullin. "Results of a Mass Media Campaign in South Africa to Promote a Sugary Drinks Tax." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061878.
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Background: In South Africa, the increased consumption of sugary drinks has been associated with increased obesity rates. Mass media campaigns can play a crucial role in improving knowledge, shifting attitudes, and building support for government action on reducing sugary drink consumption. No study to date has evaluated the effectiveness of mass media campaigns on the health harms of sugary drinks in South Africa. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign on knowledge and attitudes around sugary drinks and on public support for a proposed tax on sugary drinks in South Africa. Methods: The “Are You Drinking Yourself Sick?” campaign aired in South Africa from October 2016 to June 2017 to shift attitudes toward sugary drinks, build personal risk perceptions of the health harms of consuming sugary drinks, and build public support for a proposed tax on sugary drinks. Campaign impact was measured in representative cross-sectional household surveys of adults ages 18 to 56. The surveys were conducted just prior to the launch of the campaign (N = 1000), from October 7 to 10, 2016, and immediately following its conclusion (N = 1000), from July 12 to 21, 2017. Campaign impact was assessed by comparing changes from the pre-campaign to the post-campaign period on key outcome indicators. In addition, the effect of campaign awareness was analyzed in logistic regression analysis of the post-campaign data. Results: The campaign was recalled by 55% of survey respondents, and 78% of campaign-aware respondents said that the campaign’s main message was “drinking sugary drinks can make you sick.” There were significant changes from the pre- to the post-campaign period in knowledge that sugary drink consumption can lead to obesity and related health problems and that sugary drinks contribute toward the obesity problem in South Africa. Campaign awareness was also significantly associated with increases in knowledge about the harms of sugary drinks, and in particular, on government action, including the proposed tax on sugary drinks. Discussion: Media campaigns are an effective intervention for obesity prevention. In addition to improving knowledge and shifting attitudes, media campaigns can effectively build public support for strong government action and therefore must be a component of a comprehensive obesity prevention approach.
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De Jesus Mora, Maria, and Paul Almeida. "INCUBATOR CAMPAIGNS AND CALIFORNIA’S IMMIGRANT RIGHTS MOVEMENT*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-28-1-23.
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One starting point for building a movement capable of unleashing multiple rounds of collective action is an incubator campaign—a period of widespread unrest around a particular issue that may last several months or longer. The mobilizing success of the incubator campaign provides the resource infrastructure for subsequent episodes of related movement activity in similar geographical locations, even years into the future. We test these assertions by examining immigrant rights campaign activity in over 260 cities in California between 2006 and 2019. The incubator campaign was positively associated with producing local-level collective action in a wide range of like-minded campaigns sustaining a larger immigrant rights movement in the state. The findings also suggest that an incubator campaign’s influence may eventually decay over time. Still, newly infused protest campaigns can reactivate immigrant activist momentum to counter ongoing hostile political environments faced by excluded populations.
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Efrat, Kalanit, Shaked Gilboa, and Arie Sherman. "The role of supporter engagement in enhancing crowdfunding success." Baltic Journal of Management 15, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2018-0337.
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Purpose Recent research has addressed the marketing aspects incorporated in crowdfunding activity, establishing their relevance to campaign success. In line with this, research has begun to explore the behavioral aspects of crowdfunding participants, drawing on the buyer–seller interaction. The purpose of this paper is to expand on this trend by investigating the role of supporter engagement and its link to campaign success. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling analysis. Data collection was based on a survey of 116 supporters, combined with outcome data of 530 crowdfunding campaigns. Findings The study’s findings revealed that supporters distinguish between their engagement to the campaign and to the campaign’s creator. However, both aspects of engagement affect community establishment and supporters’ promotion efforts. The authors also found that these indicators of engagement are associated with campaign success. Originality/value Research on crowdfunding supporters have focused to date on criteria contributing to campaigns success, exploring the motivational aspects associated with such activity. The current study expands this perspective by examining supporters’ engagement, differentiating between engaging with the creator and engaging with the campaign. Recommendations for creators include making efforts to establish supporter engagement to facilitate active promotion and shape future support intentions, thus facilitating enhanced outcomes for both current and future campaigns.
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Druckman, James N., Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin. "Resisting the Opportunity for Change." Social Science Computer Review 36, no. 4 (June 2, 2017): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439317711977.
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This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional campaign websites? Did it cause them to alter their approach to online campaigning? Using data from a survey of campaign insiders, we find that the factors that influence how congressional campaigns view and use their websites were largely impervious to the unique electoral environment. Results show that, consistent with previous election years, campaigns maintained a fairly uniform view of likely visitors and target audiences, and they tended to see their campaign websites as digital hubs, best used for capturing the campaign’s overall message. We also find that, as in other years, nonincumbents continued to use their websites to campaign more aggressively than incumbents. Overall, the results suggest that congressional campaigning on the web is primarily driven by stable factors that transcend technological advancements and shifts in the political environment.
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Moukarzel, Sara, Martin Rehm, Anita Caduff, Miguel del Fresno, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, and Alan J. Daly. "Real-time Twitter interactions during World Breastfeeding Week: A case study and social network analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e0249302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249302.
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Using Twitter to implement public health awareness campaigns is on the rise, but campaign monitoring and evaluation are largely dependent on basic Twitter Analytics. To establish the potential of social network theory-based metrics in better understanding public health campaigns, we analyzed real-time user interactions on Twitter during the 2020 World Breastfeeding Week (WBW) as an exemplar case. Social network analysis (SNA), including community and influencer identification, as well as topic modeling were used to compare the activity of n = 29,958 campaign participants and n = 10,694 reference users from the six-months pre-campaign period. Users formed more inter-connected relationships during the campaign, retweeting and mentioning each other 46,161 times compared to 10,662 times in the prior six months. Campaign participants formed identifiable communities that were not only based on their geolocation, but also based on interests and professional background. While influencers who dominated the WBW conversations were disproportionally members of the scientific community, the campaign did mobilize influencers from the general public who seemed to play a “bridging” role between the public and the scientific community. Users communicated about the campaign beyond its original themes to also discuss breastfeeding within the context of social and racial inequities. Applying SNA allowed understanding of the breastfeeding campaign’s messaging and engagement dynamics across communities and influencers. Moving forward, WBW could benefit from improving targeting to enhance geographic coverage and user interactions. As this exemplar case indicates, social network theory and analysis can be used to inform other public health campaigns with data on user interactions that go beyond traditional metrics.
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ENOS, RYAN D., and EITAN D. HERSH. "Party Activists as Campaign Advertisers: The Ground Campaign as a Principal-Agent Problem." American Political Science Review 109, no. 2 (March 30, 2015): 252–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055415000064.
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As a key element of their strategy, recent Presidential campaigns have recruited thousands of workers to engage in direct voter contact. We conceive of this strategy as a principal-agent problem. Workers engaged in direct contact are intermediaries between candidates and voters, but they may be ill-suited to convey messages to general-election audiences. By analyzing a survey of workers fielded in partnership with the 2012 Obama campaign, we show that in the context of the campaign widely considered most adept at direct contact, individuals who were interacting with swing voters on the campaign’s behalf were demographically unrepresentative, ideologically extreme, cared about atypical issues, and misunderstood the voters’ priorities. We find little evidence that the campaign was able to use strategies of agent control to mitigate its principal-agent problem. We question whether individuals typically willing to be volunteer surrogates are productive agents for a strategic campaign.
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Verma, Rupali, and Umang Gupta. "Empowering Narratives: Exploring the Impact of Kotak General Insurance's 'Drive Like a Lady' Campaign on Shifting Perceptions of Female Empowerment." Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science 37, no. 4 (May 23, 2024): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2024/v37i41316.
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Amid India's evolving societal landscape, this study delves into the profound influence of Kotak General Insurance's 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign on reshaping perceptions of female empowerment and aspirations. Central to the campaign is the portrayal of Surekha Yadav, India's first female loco pilot, whose journey embodies resilience and determination. By spotlighting Yadav's story and celebrating women who drive change, the campaign aims to instill empowerment and possibility among its audience. The literature review section provides a thorough examination of relevant literature surrounding gender stereotypes, biases, and the role of advocacy campaigns in driving social change. The methodology section outlines the research approach adopted to analyze the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign. This section discusses the theoretical underpinnings guiding the analysis and the conceptual framework employed. Drawing on theories such as the Hypodermic Theory and the Habermas Public Sphere Theory, it offers a conceptual framework for understanding the transformative potential of initiatives like the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign in challenging ingrained societal norms and fostering inclusivity. It emphasizes the use of qualitative analysis, and content analysis, to examine the campaign's effectiveness in reshaping cultural narratives surrounding female achievement and ambition. In the results section, the findings of the study are presented, highlighting the campaign's effectiveness in challenging biased stereotypes and inspiring young girls to pursue ambitious goals. Through content analysis and exploration of existing literature, the research uncovers how the campaign's storytelling strategies and celebration of female role models foster a more inclusive and aspirational societal narrative. Additionally, the study examines the campaign's resonance across diverse demographic groups, probing its ability to surpass cultural boundaries and resonate with individuals from varied socio-economic backgrounds. Finally, the conclusion synthesizes the key insights from the study, emphasizing the significant impact of the 'Drive Like A Lady' campaign as a catalyst for reshaping cultural norms and empowering the next generation of women to dream big and defy societal limitations. It underscores the transformative power of advocacy campaigns in driving social change and recommends further research to explore the long-term implications of such initiatives on gender equality in India.
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Devine, Christopher J., and Aaron C. Weinschenk. "Surrogate-in-Chief: Did Bill Clinton’s Campaign Visits Help (or Hurt) Hillary Clinton in 2016?" Forum 18, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2020-2002.
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AbstractIn this article, we examine the role that campaign visits by spouses and surrogates play in modern presidential campaigns. Specifically, we analyze the strategy and effectiveness of Bill Clinton’s campaign visits in 2016. Given the former president’s widespread name recognition and reputation as a legendary campaigner, we argue that he represents an ideal test case for determining whether the spouse of a presidential or vice presidential candidate can influence vote choice, via campaign visits. Our analysis indicates that Bill Clinton was, in fact, very active on the campaign trail in 2016 – making nearly as many visits as Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. However, Bill Clinton mostly followed in Hillary Clinton’s footsteps on the campaign trail, giving him little opportunity to win over voters that she could not reach. His campaign visits also had no discernible effect on county-level voting, generally, in the 10 states to which he traveled. Yet, when we examine the effect of Clinton’s visits within states, we find that he had a positive and statistically significant effect on Democratic vote share in the battleground state of Florida. He had no such effect in the two states to which he traveled most often, however (North Carolina and Ohio). Overall, we find very limited evidence that campaign surrogates – and candidate spouses, specifically – can influence vote choice via their campaign visits. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on the role of campaign surrogates, and their relevance to the 2020 presidential campaign.
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Silva, Martha, Jonathan Walker, Erin Portillo, and Leanne Dougherty. "Strengthening the Merci Mon Héros Campaign Through Adaptive Management: Application of Social Listening Methodology." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 8, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): e35663. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/35663.
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Background Between 2014 and 2018, the penetration of smartphones in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 10% to 30%, enabling increased access to the internet, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and YouTube. These platforms engage users in multidirectional communication and provide public health programs with the tools to inform and engage diverse audiences on a range of public health issues, as well as monitor opinions and behaviors on health topics. Objective This paper details the process used by the U.S. Agency for International Development–funded Breakthrough RESEARCH to apply social media monitoring and social listening techniques in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Niger, and Togo for the adaptive management of the Merci Mon Héros campaign. We documented how these approaches were applied and how the lessons learned can be used to support future public health communication campaigns. Methods The process involved 6 steps: (1) ensure there is a sufficient volume of topic-specific web-based conversation in the target countries; (2) develop measures to monitor the campaign’s social media strategy; (3) identify search terms to assess campaign and related conversations; (4) quantitatively assess campaign audience demographics, campaign reach, and engagement through social media monitoring; (5) qualitatively assess audience attitudes, opinions, and behaviors and understand conversation context through social media listening; and (6) adapt campaign content and approach based on the analysis of social media data. Results We analyzed posts across social media platforms from November 2019 to October 2020 based on identified key search terms related to family planning, reproductive health, menstruation, sexual activity, and gender. Based on the quantitative and qualitative assessments in steps 4 and 5, there were several adaptive shifts in the campaign’s content and approach, of which the following 3 shifts are highlighted. (1) Social media monitoring identified that the Facebook campaign fans were primarily male, which prompted the campaign to target calls to action to the male audience already following the campaign and shift marketing approaches to increase the proportion of female followers. (2) Shorter videos had a higher chance of being viewed in their entirety. In response to this, the campaign shortened video lengths and created screenshot teasers to promote videos. (3) The most negative sentiment related to the campaign videos was associated with beliefs against premarital sex. In response to this finding, the campaign included videos and Facebook Live sessions with religious leaders who promoted talking openly with young people to support intergenerational discussion about reproductive health. Conclusions Prior to launching health campaigns, programs should test the most relevant social media platforms and their limitations. Inherent biases to internet and social media access are important challenges, and ethical considerations around data privacy must continue to guide the advances in this technology’s use for research. However, social listening and social media monitoring can be powerful monitoring and evaluation tools that can be used to aid the adaptive management of health campaigns that engage populations who have a digital presence.
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Potempa, Ann E., Lauren C. Kelsey, Karol J. Fink, Kathryn E. Pickle, Katie L. Reilly, Margaret B. Young, and Julia A. Dilley. "Alaska’s Play Every Day Campaign Encourages Parents to Serve Healthy Drinks to Young Children." Health Promotion Practice 23, no. 1_suppl (November 2022): 128S—139S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15248399221115763.
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Background Sugary drink consumption by young children is a public health concern. The State of Alaska, partnering with the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, implemented the Play Every Day social marketing campaign in 2019–2021 to encourage parents to serve healthy drinks to young children. The campaign’s intended audience was parents who experience disproportionately poor nutrition outcomes: Alaska Native people, those living in rural communities, and those with low incomes and/or educational attainment. We described campaign development, implementation, and performance. Method Parents from the identified disproportionately affected populations participated in formative research. Campaign awareness and engagement questions were added to Alaska’s child health surveillance system. Regression models assessed associations between campaign exposure and outcomes. Results The sample included 476 Alaska mothers of 3-year-old children. Of the 34% who reported seeing the campaign, 21% said they changed drinks served to their child because of the campaign. Campaign awareness, engagement, and reported changes in drinks given to children because of the campaign were greater among Alaska Native mothers than White mothers. Among all mothers, those who said the campaign gave them new information or that they shared the campaign had 7 to 8 times greater odds for reporting changes in behavior than those not engaged with the campaign. Implications for Practice Social marketing campaigns that encourage parents to serve healthy drinks to young children may change behavior. Resources should be systematically dedicated to research, implementation, and evaluation focused on specific populations. Partnering with trusted community-serving organizations likely improves outcomes in disproportionately affected populations.
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Lawrence, Christopher, Carolynn Gildea, Ann Watters, and Isobel Tudge. "Evaluating the impact of ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ awareness campaigns on GP attendances." British Journal of General Practice 69, suppl 1 (June 2019): bjgp19X703517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x703517.
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BackgroundThe ‘Be Clear on Cancer’ awareness campaigns aim to raise awareness of cancer symptoms and encourage people with these symptoms to ‘tell their doctor’. GP attendances are therefore a key metric for evaluating the impact of a campaign. We considered the impact on GP attendances of several campaigns since 2013, including the 2015 national oesophagogastric cancer campaign, the 2016 national respiratory symptoms campaign and campaigns for lung cancer, ‘blood in pee’, and breast cancer in women aged >70 years.AimTo consider the impact on GP attendances of several campaigns since 2013, including the 2015 national oesophagogastric cancer campaign, the 2016 national respiratory symptoms campaign and others.MethodData on the weekly numbers of GP attendances and practices were extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. For patients reporting campaign symptoms or a control symptom (back pain), the average number of GP attendances per practice per week was calculated. Analysis considered the trend in GP attendances, calculated the change in attendances for the campaign period compared to the same period in an earlier year, and assessed this change using a χ2 test.ResultsThe 2015 oesophagogastric cancer campaign, resulted in a statistically significant 29% increase (P<0.001) in the number of attendances for symptoms of dyspepsia and dysphagia, compared with the same period in 2013. Conversely, there was no significant change in attendances for back pain. Results for other campaigns will be presented.ConclusionThe THIN database has provided primary care data which can be used to assess the impact of awareness campaigns on primary care activity. Results demonstrate increases in GP attendances following some of the campaigns, suggesting that some patients responded to the campaigns’ call to action.
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van Schalkwyk, May CI, Nason Maani, Martin McKee, Samantha Thomas, Cécile Knai, and Mark Petticrew. "“When the Fun Stops, Stop”: An analysis of the provenance, framing and evidence of a ‘responsible gambling’ campaign." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): e0255145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255145.
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When the Fun Stops, Stop, is a prominent ‘responsible gambling’ campaign in the UK, originally funded and delivered by the industry-initiated and funded Senet Group. Since the Senet Group’s dissolution in 2020, the campaign has been overseen by the Betting and Gambling Council (BGC), the main gambling industry trade body. There has been no prior analysis of the activities, ideas and framing adopted by the Senet Group, who claimed to be acting as an industry ‘watchdog’ and oversaw what they characterised as a major public education campaign. We collated written and image-based material related to the Senet Group and its When the Fun Stops, Stop campaign from multiple sources. Guided by Entman’s four functions of framing, we analysed the Senet Group’s framing of the issues it sought to address, particularly harmful gambling, as well as its causes, and the solutions, focusing on the group’s main activity: the delivery of the When the Fun Stops, Stop campaign. We also critically appraised an evaluation of the campaign funded by the Senet Group, using the findings to interrogate the stated claims about the campaign’s effectiveness. The analysis showed that the Senet Group’s framing of the problem, its causes, and proposed responses resemble those adopted by other industries and industry-funded groups. This involves portraying any harms caused by their products as limited to an atypical minority, rejecting upstream determinants of harm, and promoting individually-targeted voluntary measures, all contrary to the evidence of what works in health promotion, and what would characterise a public health approach. Neither the existing evidence base nor the evidence presented by the Senet Group support their claims about the campaign’s effectiveness. These findings add to concerns about industry-funded campaigns in other areas. To minimise conflicts of interest, interventions intended to address gambling-related harms, such as public education campaigns, should be evidence-based and developed, implemented and evaluated completely independent of the industry and industry-funded organisations.
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Dessaix, A. "Implementation Learnings From a Cancer-Prevention Multirisk Factor Public Education Campaign." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 133s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.50200.
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Background and context: The Cancer Council New South Wales (CCNSW) is one of Australia's leading cancer charities and is uniquely 95% community funded. Cancer prevention is one of five strategic priority areas for CCNSW. An estimated to 37,000 cancer cases are preventable each year in Australia; 33% of cancers in men and 31% in women. The CCNSW developed and implemented the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign in 2016, the first Australian multirisk factor cancer prevention campaign. This was also the organization's first experience in implementing a social marketing mass media campaign. Over two years, the campaign's primary objective was to raise awareness that one in three cancers are preventable, to highlight why preventing cancer is important and practical steps for prevention. Aim: To undertake an organizational review of internal learnings from the development, implementation and evaluation of the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign and make recommendations for future campaign practice. Strategy/Tactics: Cross-organizational perspectives were provided from 20 Cancer Council staff from the areas of cancer prevention, research, fundraising and community engagement through a one-day workshop. Program/Policy process: Workshop participants: 1) reviewed best practice social marketing processes, 2) reviewed published evidence on mass media public education campaigns, 3) against this framework, determined internal organizational learnings from the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign and made recommendations for future practice. Outcomes: A summary report of key lessons learnt from the implementation of the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign and recommendations for future practice. What was learned: Areas of strengths were identified including cross-organizational collaboration, the development of an interactive cancer risk quiz, good community awareness of the campaign and key message take out. Areas for improvement included the need for greater resource investment (namely staff capacity, skills and budget), greater lead times for thorough campaign planning and the need to focus on singular behavioral cancer risk factors in communication messaging rather than multiple risk factors. The workshop concluded that well-planned, well-resourced mass media campaigns were an important evidence-based strategy for future cancer prevention practice.
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HELSPER, C. W., B. A. BORKENT-RAVEN, N. J. DE WIT, G. A. VAN ESSEN, M. J. M. BONTEN, A. I. M. HOEPELMAN, M. P. JANSSEN, and G. A. DE WIT. "Cost-effectiveness of targeted screening for hepatitis C in The Netherlands." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 1 (February 16, 2011): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811000112.
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SUMMARYOn account of the serious complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the improved treatment possibilities, the need to improve HCV awareness and case-finding is increasingly recognized. To optimize a future national campaign with this objective, three pilot campaigns were executed in three regions in The Netherlands. One campaign was aimed at the general population, a second (similar) campaign was extended with a support programme for primary care and a third campaign was specifically aimed at hard-drug users. Data from the pilot campaigns were used to build a mathematical model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the different campaigns. The campaign aimed at the general public without support for primary care did not improve case-finding and was therefore not cost-effective. The similar campaign accompanied by additional support for primary care and the campaign aimed at hard-drug users emerged as cost-effective interventions for identification of HCV carriers.
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Sheafer, Tamir. "Detecting Campaign Effects in Imbalanced Campaigns." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 10, no. 2 (April 2005): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x05276016.
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Philpotts, Izzie, Emily J. Blackwell, Justin Dillon, and Nicola J. Rooney. "Do Animal Welfare Education Campaigns Really Work? An Evaluation of the RSPCA’s #DogKind Campaign in Raising Awareness of Separation-Related Behaviours in UK Dog Owners." Animals 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2024): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030484.
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One of the main aims of companion animal welfare charities is to educate the public about the needs of animals. This is frequently performed through campaigns focusing on specific aspects of welfare. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), Britain’s biggest animal welfare charity, launched the nationwide #DogKind campaign in March 2019. Targeted mainly at 25–34-year-olds, the campaign aimed to increase awareness of separation-related behaviour (SRB) among dog owners and encourage them to seek help for SRB from reliable sources. This research involved a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design evaluating the campaign’s effectiveness. It was conducted through a series of online surveys at three different time points: before the launch of the campaign (n = 2002), six months after (n = 2423), and, again, two months later (n = 269), during which we asked the same questions regarding knowledge of SRB. An experimental trial of 269 participants tested whether accessing a video alongside the campaign web pages increased the effectiveness of the campaign objectives. Overall, the campaign appeared to be effective in reaching its target audience but not at raising awareness of SRB or increasing the number of owners intending to seek help. The inclusion of a video in the campaign made no difference to its effectiveness. This study shows that this campaign had limited success in achieving its targets and highlights the importance of thorough evaluations of education interventions that aim to improve the welfare of companion animals.
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Ibrahim, Sameh Awadalla El-Sayad. "The Role of Media Campaigns in Raising Awareness of Development Issues and Their Relationship to the Level of Anxiety in Adolescents." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.27.
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The study sought to determine the role of media campaigns in educating university youth about various developmental issues and their relationship to their level of anxiety. The study is descriptive. It relied on the survey method on a sample of 400 adolescents at Ain Shams University. The most important forms of benefiting from the follow-up of media campaigns related to development issues came to provide them with important information about development issues, give a sense of confidence in state institutions, increase the sense of responsibility towards society, follow up on current development issues, awareness and interest in them. The most important media campaigns presented on satellite channels related to development issues are health awareness campaigns (Coronavirus - C virus campaign - 100 million health campaign - breast cancer), slum development campaigns, solidarity and dignity campaign to support the needy, small and micro enterprises support campaign, payment campaigns, electronic, economic campaign (price reduction - price control), low-income support campaign (supply system - bread system), campaigns for the disabled and people with special needs. The positive aspects of media campaigns related to development issues came as follows: The presented development issues are new and consistent with the current needs of society, their goals are clear and specific, their design is innovative, they encourage positive change, they seek to meet the needs of the ordinary citizen, the celebrities involved in media campaigns, the serious development issues that It presents it through its messages, the technical methods used in presenting development issues.
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Lukitowati, Suci, Aliyah Nur’aini Hanum, and Agus Yuliono. "Nurturing Healthy Media Consumption Habits in Early Childhood: A Social Campaign Approach." CHANNEL: Jurnal Komunikasi 11, no. 2 (October 24, 2023): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/channel.v11i2.549.
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In contemporary society, the pervasive presence of digital devices has profoundly influenced the media consumption patterns of young children, presenting challenges and opportunities for their development. This study explores the impact of media content on early childhood and the urgent need for informed parental supervision. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, a comprehensive social campaign titled "Healthy Watching" was developed and implemented in Pontianak, Indonesia. The campaign aimed to empower parents, particularly mothers, with the knowledge and skills necessary to guide their children's media interactions effectively. Through educational seminars, videos, stickers, and social media platforms, the campaign fostered awareness about age-appropriate content, screen time limits, and the importance of active parental engagement. The campaign's efficacy was evaluated through stakeholder engagement and behavioral assessments of eight target mothers. The results indicate significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, emphasizing the campaign's success in promoting healthy media consumption habits. This study provides valuable insights into the design and implementation of social campaigns to address the challenges of digital media in early childhood.
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Min, Jeonghun, and Paul-Henri Gurian. "Do campaigns matter outside the United States? Equilibrium and enlightenment in Korean presidential elections." International Political Science Review 38, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512115598566.
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Do presidential campaigns matter outside the United States? We examine how public opinion responds to campaign events during Korean presidential campaigns. The fundamental variables of the election year influence vote intention before the campaign begins and substantially influence eventual vote choice. Campaign events assist voters to learn more about the fundamental variables – regionalism, party identification, and retrospective evaluations of the incumbent administration – and this leads to more informed intentions during the campaign. The results suggest that there is substantial congruence in the explanatory power of Holbrook’s ‘equilibrium’ theory and Gelman and King’s ‘enlightenment’ theory in presidential campaigns held in the US and in Korea.
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Potvin, Jacqueline. "Governing Adolescent Reproduction in the ‘Developing World’: Biopower and Governmentality in Plan’s ‘Because I’m a Girl’ Campaign." Feminist Review 122, no. 1 (July 2019): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141778919849072.
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In this article, I analyse the discursive construction of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing as a development ‘problem’ in Plan’s ‘Because I’m a Girl’ campaign. I draw on existing scholarship that configures teenage pregnancy prevention campaigns in the ‘developed’ world as a site of biopolitics that seeks to maximise the well-being of the population by governing adolescent girls’ reproductive and sexual behaviours. Identifying Plan’s campaign as part of a larger turn towards adolescent girls in development discourse and policy, I also draw on a growing body of scholarship that examines how campaigns targeting adolescent girls reinforce neo-liberal understandings of ‘development’ as achievable through the empowerment of individuals rather than through structural change. I argue that by discursively constructing adolescent pregnancy and parenthood as risky, Plan’s campaign reinforces reproductive norms of delayed reproduction and sexual debut, according to which adolescent girls in the ‘developing’ world are expected to comply. The campaign’s goal of ‘empowerment’ thus acts as a means of constructing adolescent girls as responsible reproductive decision makers who will break the ‘cycle of poverty’ by making rational reproductive and sexual choices. Thus, although Plan’s ‘Because I’m a Girl’ campaign addressed important issues, including adolescent girls’ right to reproductive autonomy, their focus on empowerment operates as a form of biopower that pursues the project of development through the regulation of girls’ reproduction and sexuality.
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Madrazo-Lemarroy, Pilar, Karla Barajas-Portas, and Maria Elena Labastida Tovar. "Analyzing campaign’s outcome in reward-based crowdfunding." Internet Research 29, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 1171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-03-2018-0115.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to probe how reward-based crowdfunding campaigns accomplish their goal by adopting the theoretical constructs of social capital dimensions: structural, cognitive and relational. Design/methodology/approach The approach used is a design model for concluded campaigns in a Mexican crowdfunding platform, which determines social capital from operating social networks (Facebook and Twitter). By using this model, the associations between the dimensions are revealed, verifying how social capital flourishes during the campaign and how it alters the campaign’s outcome. Findings The findings demonstrate how social interaction through a wide social network (structural dimension), shared vision and values among entrepreneurs and their potential funders (cognitive dimension), and the development of trustworthiness within the campaign (relational dimension) boost the probability of achieving the crowdfunding goal. Research limitations/implications The results inform researchers on how social capital is forged from social networks during a crowdfunding campaign. However, the method must be validated with other crowdfunding models and other social network platforms commonly used by campaign creators. Practical implications Contributions from this paper include tools (design model and evaluation method) associating theory with the crowdfunding mechanism, complementing previous work. Crowdfunding providers, as well as campaign creators, have now an approach to appraise social capital and obtain the desired goal. Originality/value In addition to providing much-needed research on the current state of crowdfunding, this paper analyzes the link between practice and theory, which can be valuable in confining the mechanism to an accurate theory and ensuring the theory’s longevity.
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Han, Hahrie, and Elizabeth McKenna. "The Untilled Field of Field Campaigns." Perspectives on Politics 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271600116x.
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This paper considers the challenges and opportunities of conducting a thick, qualitative study of a twenty-first century presidential ground campaign. Our goals in the study were to describe phenomena that are not commonly examined in most studies of field campaigns, namely (a) the purportedly transformative impact of the campaign on both individuals and collective contexts, (b) the holistic interaction of different strategic elements of the campaign, and (c) the processes the campaign used to develop citizen leadership to scale the campaign. We also consider the limitations of our approach, the reception of a book intended for both academic and practitioner audiences, and underexploited research agendas in the study of campaigns.
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McGregor, Suzy, Stephanie Roberts, Sharon L. Grant, and Elyse O’Loghlen. "Weight-Normative versus Weight-Inclusive Narratives in Weight-Related Public Health Campaigns: Effects on Anti-Fat Attitudes, Stigma, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy." Obesities 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/obesities2010008.
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Research has shown that weight-related public health campaigns can inadvertently stigmatise individuals with obesity. We compared the effects of weight-normative (personal responsibility and public health crisis) versus weight-inclusive (Health at Every Size [HAES] and fat acceptance) campaign narratives on anti-fat attitudes and reactions to campaigns in two studies. In study 1, participants (n = 283) from a range of Body Mass Index (BMI) categories viewed one of four mock campaigns before rating their anti-fat-attitudes (dislike, fear of fat, willpower, social distance), and reactions to the campaign (motivation, stigma). In study 2, participants (n = 175) in overweight or obese BMI categories viewed one of four mock campaigns before rating their reactions to the campaign (motivation, stigma, self-efficacy). Study 1 results showed that weight-normative campaigns were perceived as significantly more stigmatising than weight-inclusive ones. However, weight-inclusive campaigns did not decrease anti-fat attitudes or increase motivation for health behaviour change in this sample. Similarly, study 2 results showed that the personal responsibility campaign was rated as significantly more stigmatising than other campaigns among women with overweight or obesity. Fat acceptance was rated as the least stigmatising campaign in this sample, but weight-inclusive narratives did not increase motivation or self-efficacy for health behaviour change. Future research should focus on developing campaign narratives that are non-stigmatising, motivating, and efficacious by addressing health behavior benefits irrespective of sex or weight.
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Михайлова, Катя. "Rhetorical and Discursive Features of the Election Campaigns for the Early Parliamentary Elections in Bulgaria in 2021." Rhetoric and Communications, no. 53 (October 31, 2022): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/ndxh8776.
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Abstract: 2021 is a record year for election campaigns, as two out of a total of 4 are early campaigns for parliamentary elections. Our democratic his¬tory shows a predominance of early election campaign for parliamentary elections – 8 out of 13. This fact puts forth the hypothesis of the early election campaign as a specific political chronotype, that determines the future of society. The object of the article is political communication in this chronotype. The focus is put on two rhetoric decisions that determine the tone of the campaign and the meanings the candidates define as socially significant – the promise they make about the type of campaign and the slogans through which they express their collective assessment of the state of society and their ideological and political aspiration. The aim is to derive markers for construction of communication in an early election campaign for early parliamentary elections. It is expected that in a time of political agony when society and voters need a positive key, the promises for a positive campaign will increase. The hypothesis was verified through media monitoring. It is assumed that the "we - they" opposition, usually used in the communication in regular election campaigns as well as the adherence to dystopian discourse will be replaced by innovative rhetoric forms in a positive key. The hypothesis is tested through a content analysis of political slogans in the 2021 early campaigns. Keywords: political communication, slogan, dystopic discourse, positive campaign, early election campaign, chronotype.
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Lankford, Tina, Jana Wallace, David Brown, Jesus Soares, Jacqueline N. Epping, and Fred Fridinger. "Analysis of Physical Activity Mass Media Campaign Design." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 6 (August 2014): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0303.
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Background:Mass media campaigns are a necessary tool for public health practitioners to reach large populations and promote healthy behaviors. Most health scholars have concluded that mass media can significantly influence the health behaviors of populations; however the effects of such campaigns are typically modest and may require significant resources. A recent Community Preventive Services Task Force review on stand-alone mass media campaigns concluded there was insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness in increasing physical activity, partly due to mixed methods and modest and inconsistent effects on levels of physical activity.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the campaigns evaluated in the Task Force review to determine use of campaign-building principles, channels, and levels of awareness and their impact on campaign outcomes. Each study was analyzed by 2 reviewers for inclusion of campaign building principles.Results:Campaigns that included 5 or more campaign principles were more likely to be successful in achieving physical activity outcomes.Conclusion:Campaign success is more likely if the campaign building principles (formative research, audience segmentation, message design, channel placement, process evaluation, and theory-based) are used as part of campaign design and planning.
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Sadeghi, Reza, Mamood Reza Masoudi, and Narges Khanjani. "A Systematic Review about Educational Campaigns on Smoking Cessation." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010748.
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Background: Health campaigns have been shown effective in the prevention of smoking. These campaigns convey messages about specific behavior to the audience and have a high penetration rate. Objective: This systematic review was conducted to summarize the effect of educational campaigns on smoking. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar databases were searched on 16 March, 2019 by using the keywords “Waterpipe, Hookah, Shisha, Cigarette, Smoking” and “Campaign, Antismoking Campaign, Health campaign”. Results: A total of 15 articles related to smoking campaigns entered the review. Campaigns were divided into two broad categories: (1) Campaigns aimed at public education and social change; (2) Campaigns aimed at changing policy or attracting the attention of politicians. The largest campaign was conducted in England. All educational campaigns showed at least one positive effect on preventing and controlling smoking. Conclusion: Anti-smoking campaigns are important investments, and as part of comprehensive tobacco control programs, they can educate people about the harms of smoking, change smoking attitudes and beliefs, increase quitting intentions, promote quitting, and decrease smoking.
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Bazant, Eva, Carol McPhillips-Tangum, Sumitra Devi Shrestha, Preetha G S, Ajay Khera, Laura Nic Lochlainn, Esmael Habtamu, Vivek I. Patel, Gladys Muhire, and Kristin N. Saarlas. "Promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns from a synthesis of case studies." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 12 (December 2022): e010321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010321.
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A combination of public health campaigns and routine primary healthcare services are used in many countries to maximise the number of people reached with interventions to prevent, control, eliminate or eradicate diseases. Health campaigns have historically been organised within vertical (disease-specific) programmes, which are often funded, planned and implemented independently from one another and from routinely offered primary healthcare services. Global health agencies have voiced support for enhancing campaign effectiveness, including campaign efficiency and equity, through collaboration among vertical programmes. However, limited guidance is available to country-level campaign planners and implementers about how to effectively integrate campaigns. Planning is critical to the implementation of effective health campaigns, including those related to neglected tropical diseases, malaria, vitamin A supplementation and vaccine-preventable diseases, including polio, measles and meningitis. However, promising approaches to planning integrated health campaigns have not been sufficiently documented. This manuscript highlights promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns that emerged from the experiences of eight project teams working in three WHO regions. Adoption of the promising practices described in this paper could lead to enhanced collaboration among campaign stakeholders, increased agreement about the need for and anticipated benefits of campaign integration, and enhanced understanding of effective planning of integrated health campaigns.
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Setiawan, Ari. "Problematika Dukungan Masyarakat Pada Calon Dalam Tahapan Kampanye Pemilihan Umum." Awasia: Jurnal Pemilu dan Demokrasi 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55108/awasia.v2i1.114.
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Based on Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum, campaign is defined as the activities of election participants or parties appointed by election participants to convince voters by offering a vision, mission, program and/or self-image of election participants, to be able to carry out campaigns, campaigners and campaign teams must be registered with the KPU, but the problems are many. the community, volunteers or sympathizers who participate in carrying out the campaign without registering with the KPU which results in the campaign implementer not being bound by the campaign ban so that the election organizers, especially Bawaslu, cannot take action if there is a violation of the campaign prohibition that has been set. This paper aims to describe how the mechanism for implementing the campaign stages and the causes of community supporters of candidates who carry out campaigns do not register in the KPU.
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Faisal, Abdul Haris. "ANALYSIS OF THE ACRONYM WRITING ON THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN OF THE 2019-2024 PERIOD." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 18, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.182.09.
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Abstract
This study discusses the renewal carried out by the acronym needed in campaign campaigns for presidential and vice-presidential candidates. To find out the errors related to the acronym that existed in the campaign viewer, this study used a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate the facts that appear on promotional devices. Mistakes in using this acronym are needed in campaign campaigns for the election of presidential and vice-presidential candidates. The error was issued by a selection error that was too imposing.
Keywords: acronyms, errors, and campaign props
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Kite, James, Margaret Thomas, Anne Grunseit, Vincy Li, William Bellew, and Adrian Bauman. "Results of a mixed methods evaluation of the Make Healthy Normal campaign." Health Education Research 35, no. 5 (August 18, 2020): 418–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa022.
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Abstract The Make Healthy Normal obesity prevention mass media campaign was implemented in New South Wales, Australia from 2015 to 2018. This study evaluated Phase 2 (2017–18) of that campaign, using three cross-sectional online surveys with men aged 18–54 years (n = 4352) and six focus groups with men aged 35–54 years and parents with children aged 5–12 years (n = 38), reflecting the campaign’s target audiences. We used linear and logistic regressions to examine changes over time in key outcomes, consistent with the campaign’s theorized hierarchy of effects. Focus group data were analysed thematically and integrated with survey results at the interpretation stage. Survey results showed reasonable prompted recognition, although unprompted recall remained low, and there were no consistent, positive shifts in other outcomes, including behaviour. Focus group results suggested that this was because the campaign’s messages, while considered clear and relevant, did not address the constraints participants experienced that made change difficult. Hence, the campaign by itself was unlikely to lead to behaviour change. We need to reconsider the role of campaigns in addressing multi-determined and complex problems. Evaluations should reconsider metrics of success, as they may not immediately result in behaviour change, especially in the absence of complementary policy and environmental strategies.
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Baker, Anne E. "Help or Hindrance? Outside Group Advertising Expenditures in House Races." Forum 16, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2018-0023.
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Abstract Super PACs, 501(c)4 social welfare organizations, and 501(c)6 professional associations are now major spenders in House elections. What remains unclear is how the strategic expenditure choices of these respective outside interest groups impact the competitive position of non-incumbent candidates running for the House – specifically do their advertising expenditures undermine or augment the expenditures made by the campaign. Using the Wesleyan Media Project datasets of 2012 and 2014 in combination with campaign finance data in a series of models, I find early television advertising expenditures by the aforementioned 501(c) dark money organizations diminish the effectiveness of non-incumbents’ campaign expenditures – both on television advertising and in general – whereas super PACs’ early television advertising expenditures have no significant impact on campaign spending. A comparison of 501(c) dark money organizations’ and super PACs’ advertising choices in 2012 and 2014 reveals these differential effects likely relate to legal constraints leading 501(c)s, and not super PACs, to devote more resources toward policy advertisements early in the general election cycle. I argue this choice by 501(c) s makes it difficult for non-incumbents’ campaigns to shape the policy agenda early in the race leading the campaign’s expenditures on television advertising and the campaign’s total disbursements to be less effective in terms of improving the candidate’s competitiveness.
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Paget, Dan. "The Rally-Intensive Campaign: A Distinct Form of Electioneering in Sub-Saharan Africa and Beyond." International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 444–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161219847952.
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I consider how to characterize and classify election campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa. I revisit the typology proposed by Pippa Norris, which distinguishes between premodern, modern, and postmodern campaigns. This typology, and others like it, homogenizes ground campaigns. Ground campaigns only feature by virtue of their centrality in premodern campaigns and their peripherality in modern and postmodern campaigns. I argue that the prominence of the rally varies across ground campaigns. By trivializing rallies, current typologies obscure this variation between African campaigns and between campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world. To accommodate these differences, I propose a schema of campaign ecologies, adapted from Norris’ own, which incorporates a distinct ideal-type: the rally-intensive campaign. This revision internationalizes this hitherto Western-bound typology and may illuminate the features of campaigns in other middle- and low-income countries too. Equally, it throws into relief differences between historic premodern campaigns in Western countries. I contend that rally-intensiveness is a definitive feature of election campaigns from which other features stem. To illuminate such typical features, I study Tanzania, which has the most rally-intensive campaigns in Africa. I draw on ethnographic research and original survey data to identify the four following typical features of the rally-intensive campaign. Local as well as national leaders hold rallies frequently. Local rallies are better attended in aggregate than national ones, and accordingly, campaign contact is direct. Mass meetings dwarf the canvass as a means of campaign contact, and local party networks concentrate their efforts on “producing” rallies.
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Gallivan, Joanne, Mimi Lising, Neyal J. Ammary, and Rachel Greenberg. "The National Diabetes Education Program's “Control Your Diabetes. For Life.” Campaign: Design, Implementation, and Lessons Learned." Social Marketing Quarterly 13, no. 4 (December 2007): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000701678453.
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The National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) is a federally sponsored national partnership including government, nonprofit, professional, and private sector organizations. The NDEP uses social marketing principles and processes to develop and implement awareness campaigns and educational activities to improve the treatment and health status of people with diabetes. Co-sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), NDEP launched its “Control Your Diabetes. For Life.” awareness campaign in 1998. The campaign was designed to educate the millions of Americans with diabetes and their social supporters about the seriousness of diabetes, ways to control the disease, and the benefits of good glucose control. The NDEP conducted extensive audience research and applied behavior change theories and the social marketing framework to design, implement, and evaluate the campaign. From 1998 to 2003, the campaign achieved at least 700 million media impressions with its culturally appropriate television and radio public service announcements, print ads, and newspaper and magazine stories. In addition, over half of people with diabetes indicated awareness of the campaign and NDEP has tracked positive trends in practice of blood glucose testing and awareness of the A1C (also known as the hemoglobin A1C), the best measure of blood glucose control, since the campaign's launch.
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DURR, S., R. MINDEKEM, Y. KANINGA, D. DOUMAGOUM MOTO, M. I. MELTZER, P. VOUNATSOU, and J. ZINSSTAG. "Effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programmes: comparison of owner-charged and free vaccination campaigns." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 11 (March 30, 2009): 1558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809002386.
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SUMMARYWe investigated the percentage of dogs that could be vaccinated against rabies by conducting a pilot campaign in N'Djaména, Chad. Owners were charged US$4.13 per dog vaccinated, and 24% of all dogs in the three city districts covered by the campaign were vaccinated. Total campaign costs were US$7623, resulting in an average of US$19.40 per vaccinated dog. This is five times more expensive than the cost per animal vaccinated during a previous free vaccination campaign for dog-owners, conducted in the same districts. The free campaign, which vaccinated 2605 more dogs than this campaign, cost an additional US$1.45 per extra dog vaccinated. Campaigns in which owners are charged for vaccinations result in lower vaccination rates than in free campaigns. Public health officials can use these results when evaluating the costs and benefits of subsidizing dog rabies vaccination programmes.
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Liberatore, Florian, Sarah Schmelzer, and Alfred Angerer. "The Relevance of Citizen Co-Creation for the Effectiveness of Public Health Campaigns: Results from the Evaluation of a HIV Prevention Campaign in Switzerland." Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen 42, no. 1-2 (2019): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0344-9777-2019-1-2-34.
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While decreasing public health budgets force campaign managers to spend money more wisely, many public health campaigns still use traditional communication channels and neglect the great potential of citizen co-creation, the active involvement of the target group. This article provides an overview of the issue of citizen co-creation in the context of public health campaigns and presents a case study of an HIV campaign in Switzerland as an example of applied citizen co-creation. The incremental effect of word of mouth on campaign effectiveness and efficiency is examined, showing how citizen co-creation can be quantified in the context of evaluating a campaign. Finally, the article suggests practical implications for the design and evaluation of future public health campaigns involving citizen co-creation.
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Pruchnicka, Paulina. "Emmanuel Macron's 2017 and 2022 Presidential Campaigns: Selected Aspects." Political Preferences 31, no. 1 (August 17, 2023): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/polpre.2023.1.31-46.
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The aim of this article is to analyse Emmanuel Macron's 2017 and 2022 election campaigns. The first part of the article focuses on Macron's 2017 campaign, taking into account elements specific to election campaigns, such as election slogans, social media activity, the electoral programme, television debates, and describes the main themes of the election campaign, along with a discussion of the results of the first and second rounds of the election. An analogous analysis is then presented in relation to the 2022 election campaign. The issue of the war in Ukraine and its role for the campaign taking place at the same time is highlighted. The paper concludes by considering the differences noted in the two campaigns run by the leader of the En Marche!/ Renaissance.
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Oeldorf-Hirsch, Anne, and Rory McGloin. "Identifying the Predictors of Participation in Facebook Pictivism Campaigns." Social Media + Society 3, no. 3 (July 2017): 205630511772763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305117727637.
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In recent years, several online social campaigns have encouraged individuals to change their Facebook profile pictures for a cause, such as the Human Rights Campaign’s red and pink equal sign in support of same-sex marriage. These “pictivism” campaigns allow individuals to express themselves and participate in a low effort campaign to raise awareness about an issue among their social network. Given the prevalence and potential impact of these campaigns, it is important to understand what predicts one’s participation. This study applies elements of the Theory of Reasoned Action and Technology Acceptance Model in an online survey ( N = 300) of Facebook users to investigate which individual and social factors predict participation in these campaigns. Results indicate that attitudes toward participation are predicted by network norms about participation, ease of participation, and perceived usefulness of participation. In turn, these attitudes predict intention to participate and actual participation. These results imply that participation is influenced both by factors surrounding the message of the campaign and by the norms of the network itself. This work extends Theory of Reasoned Action and Technology Acceptance Model to understanding participation in online social campaigns, with considerations for key limitations in this context.
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Razak, Askari, and Fakhry Amin. "ELECTIONS AND THE DIGITAL CAMPAIGN CODE OF ETHICS: EFFORTS TO CREATE A CAMPAIGN BASED ON DIGNIFIED JUSTICE." Awang Long Law Review 6, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v6i1.1098.
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Elections, as a cornerstone of democracy, are encountering unprecedented challenges in maintaining ethical standards and justice values, primarily due to the surge in digital campaigning. Ethical concerns arising from the unregulated use of digital campaign media underscore the urgent need to formulate and implement a Digital Campaign Code of Ethics. This code is envisioned as a guide to integrity for political communicators in the digital space. The research explores the imperative nature of establishing a digital campaign code of ethics to foster responsible election campaigns reflective of justice and dignity. It also seeks to identify challenges and obstacles associated with its implementation. Using a legislative and conceptual approach, this normative legal research scrutinizes regulations related to elections and campaigns, reviewing legal doctrines and principles pertinent to forming a digital campaign code of ethics. Primary and secondary legal materials are collected, analyzed descriptively and analytically, and formulated into logical arguments to address legal issues. The findings emphasize the critical urgency of a digital campaign code of ethics in realizing responsible election campaigns aligned with justice and dignity. The prevalence of digital media and social networks as primary campaign channels heightens the risk of these campaigns becoming tools to advance specific interests without considering justice. The code of ethics is deemed essential to provide legal certainty, delineate ethical boundaries, and prevent the misuse of digital media. Additionally, it guides campaign participants to engage in political competition with integrity and dignity. However, the challenges associated with implementing digital ethics codes are complex. Control over ethical standards is challenging due to the swift dissemination of campaign content, delayed oversight and sanctions, and social media's vulnerability to misinformation and personal attacks. Active cooperation among authorities, election organizers, and social media platforms is crucial for effective monitoring and response to digital campaign content that violates ethical standards.
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Lee, Eunsoon, and Gyu-il Lee. "Perceived Exposure and Acceptance Model of Appearance-Related Health Campaigns: Roles of Parents’ Healthy-Appearance Talk, Self-Objectification, and Interpersonal Conversations." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063445.
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Excessive focus on appearance or lookism requires social attention as it can have negative consequences on individuals’ psychological and mental states related to health and sustainable social practice. As part of a healthy and sustainable social practice, this study tests the mechanism of enhancing appearance-related health campaign’s effectiveness through the O1-S-O2-R framework. Participants were 220 Korean college students with being 141 male and 78 female and they completed an on-line survey. The result of SEM analyses confirmed the O1-S-O2-R model. As the result of hypotheses testing, health campaign contents suggesting anti-lookism and diverse beauty standards have attracted the attention of people whose parents conversed using relatively less healthy-appearance talk when growing up and who had higher self-objectification scores with body surveillance and body shame. Interpersonal conversations and thoughts on the media content played a mediating role in the model, while health campaigns had a higher persuasive effect on campaign evaluation and the behavior intention of spreading the campaign’s content. Implications of the findings were discussed regarding health campaign designers and individuals, including parents, in education settings.
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Moekahar, Fatmawati, Fitria Ayuningtyas, and Fitri Hardianti. "Social media political campaign model of local elections in Pelalawan Regency Riau." Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41680.
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The modern rise of social media has altered the strategies used in political campaigns. Compared to traditional advertising, social media may lower the cost of a campaign. The Zukri-Nasar team effectively used social media for political campaigns for the 2020 local elections in Pelalawan Regency, Riau. Social media generated 30% of the vote because it can spread messages rapidly, widely, and interactively. Political actors utilize social media to develop their self-image. This study is descriptive-qualitative, and the sampling method used was purposive sampling. The informants comprised seven important informants who were part of the winning side in the municipal election in Pelalawan. An informant is someone with reliable knowledge regarding a political campaign. According to the study, Facebook is the most widely used platform for political campaigns because it is the most popular social networking platform in Pelalawan Regency, Riau. Political advertisements featuring 3D caricatures and political orientation are used as social media political campaign techniques. This tactic is a component of a unique, awareness-raising, and personal branding campaign. The candidate’s personal character is presented as accurately as possible on their social media campaign. Furthermore, the political campaign model found in the research was called The Integrative and Collaborative Model of the political campaign.
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Pešić, Duško, Dalibor Pešić, Aleksandar Trifunović, and Svetlana Čičević. "Application of Logistic Regression Model to Assess the Impact of Smartwatch on Improving Road Traffic Safety: A Driving Simulator Study." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091403.
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Speeding is one of the most relevant risk behaviours for serious and fatal road traffic accidents, particularly among young drivers, being the cause of approximately every third road traffic accident. Due to this background, many road traffic safety campaigns are aimed at reducing speeding among young drivers. However, the effects of campaigns aimed at complying with speed limits for young drivers have significantly fewer effects than other campaigns. For these reasons, an experimental study was conducted to examine how young drivers react to the speeding campaign, which was shown to them on a smartwatch while driving in a driving simulator. Speeding results were compared for three scenarios: no campaign, a billboard campaign and a smartwatch campaign. The experiment involved 102 participants with an average age of 21 years. The results showed that participants were six times more likely to comply with the speed limit if a campaign was shown on a smartwatch than when shown on billboards.
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Van Wechem, Sigrid N., Johannes Brug, Patricia Van Assema, Cor Kistemaker, Marijke Riedstra, and Michiel R. H. Löwik. "Fat Watch: A Nationwide Campaign in the Netherlands to Reduce Fat Intake—Effect Evaluation." Nutrition and Health 12, no. 2 (January 1998): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609801200204.
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In the Netherlands, the nationwide Fat Watch campaign aiming at a reduction in fat consumption was organized from 1991 onwards. This study describes the effects of the first three consecutive campaign years on attention to fat, diet and health, attitudes, self-efficacy expectations and intentions related to dietary fat reduction, and self-rated fat intake. Data were collected each year according to the Solomon design, by telephone interviews among about 1200 consumers responsible for household purchases. Campaign awareness was high in each campaign year, but a decrease in campaign awareness was found after the first campaign in 1991. The 1991 campaign was primarily aimed at getting the attention of the Dutch public for the fat-reduction message and indeed resulted in increased attention. The second campaign year resulted in small but statistically significant positive changes in attitudes, which was the specific target of the 1992 campaign. Intention to buy low-fat food products was also significantly increased. The 1993 campaign failed to realize the targeted increases in self-efficacy among the study population, but a significant campaign effect on intentions was found. The evaluation of all three campaigns indicated that the Dutch underestimate their personal fat intake and this has been identified as an important barrier to a further reduction in fat consumption. Making subjects aware of their personal fat consumption will be given priority in future campaigns.
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Chan, Lilian, Blythe O'Hara, Philayrath Phongsavan, Adrian Bauman, and Becky Freeman. "Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): e17432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17432.
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Background Mass media campaigns for public health are increasingly using digital media platforms, such as web-based advertising and social media; however, there is a lack of evidence on how to best use these digital platforms for public health campaigns. To generate this evidence, appropriate campaign evaluations are needed, but with the proliferation of digital media–related metrics, there is no clear consensus on which evaluation metrics should be used. Public health campaigns are diverse in nature, so to facilitate analysis, this review has selected tobacco control campaigns as the scope of the study. Objective This literature review aimed to examine how tobacco control campaigns that use traditional and digital media platforms have been evaluated. Methods Medicine and science databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus), and a marketing case study database (World Advertising Research Center) were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2018. Two authors established the eligibility criteria and reviewed articles for inclusion. Individual campaigns were identified from the articles, and information on campaigns and their evaluations were supplemented with searches on Google, Google Scholar, and social media platforms. Data about campaign evaluations were tabulated and mapped to a conceptual framework. Results In total, 17 campaigns were included in this review, with evaluations reported on by 51 articles, 17 marketing reports, and 4 grey literature reports. Most campaigns were from English-speaking countries, with behavioral change as the primary objective. In the process evaluations, a wide range of metrics were used to assess the reach of digital campaign activities, making comparison between campaigns difficult. Every campaign in the review, except one, reported some type of engagement impact measure, with website visits being the most commonly reported metric (11 of the 17 campaigns). Other commonly reported evaluation measures identified in this review include engagement on social media, changes in attitudes, and number of people contacting smoking cessation services. Of note, only 7 of the 17 campaigns attempted to measure media platform attribution, for example, by asking participants where they recalled seeing the campaign or using unique website tracking codes for ads on different media platforms. Conclusions One of the key findings of this review is the numerous and diverse range of measures and metrics used in tobacco control campaign evaluations. To address this issue, we propose principles to guide the selection of digital media–related metrics for campaign evaluations, and also outline a conceptual framework to provide a coherent organization to the diverse range of metrics. Future research is needed to specifically investigate whether engagement metrics are associated with desired campaign outcomes, to determine whether reporting of engagement metrics is meaningful in campaign evaluations.
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Ozieranski, Piotr, Victoria Robins, Joel Minion, Janet Willars, John Wright, Simon Weaver, Graham P. Martin, and Mary Dixon Woods. "Running a hospital patient safety campaign: a qualitative study." Journal of Health Organization and Management 28, no. 4 (August 18, 2014): 562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-02-2013-0035.
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Purpose – Research on patient safety campaigns has mostly concentrated on large-scale multi-organisation efforts, yet locally led improvement is increasingly promoted. The purpose of this paper is to characterise the design and implementation of an internal patient safety campaign at a large acute National Health Service hospital trust with a view to understanding how to optimise such campaigns. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a qualitative study of a campaign that sought to achieve 12 patient safety goals. The authors interviewed 19 managers and 45 frontline staff, supplemented by 56 hours of non-participant observation. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Findings – The campaign was motivated by senior managers’ commitment to patient safety improvement, a series of serious untoward incidents, and a history of campaign-style initiatives at the trust. While the campaign succeeded in generating enthusiasm and focus among managers and some frontline staff, it encountered three challenges. First, though many staff at the sharp end were aware of the campaign, their knowledge, and acceptance of its content, rationale, and relevance for distinct clinical areas were variable. Second, the mechanisms of change, albeit effective in creating focus, may have been too limited. Third, many saw the tempo of the campaign as too rapid. Overall, the campaign enjoyed some success in raising the profile of patient safety. However, its ability to promote change was mixed, and progress was difficult to evidence because of lack of reliable measurement. Originality/value – The study shows that single-organisation campaigns may help in raising the profile of patient safety. The authors offer important lessons for the successful running of such campaigns.
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Sukma, Fahrizal, Hafied Cangara, and Muhammad Saifulloh. "Kampanye Politik Sebagai Politik Pemasaran : Tinjauan Atas Pemilihan Umum Calon Presiden Indonesia Tahun 2019." Mimbar Kampus: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam 23, no. 1 (August 19, 2023): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/mk.v23i1.4329.
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Elections play an important role in the democracy. One of the stages of elections is a political campaign. Political campaigns symbolically unite citizens and leaders in a ritual of debate, discussion and dialogue every four years. However, this can only become a popular myth if political campaigns are not carried out in a democratic manner. In Indonesia, limited campaign time forces election participants to plan effective political campaign strategies through the mass media. This research is an analytical descriptive approach that will describe how the objectives of political campaigns can be achieved within the framework of marketing political communication theory, with a review of the 2019 Presidential Election case. Data and information are collected from Kompas.com, an online media during a certain period. In the 2019 election, the campaign period is very limited. Candidate use all available political resources to campaign and win elections. Based on news analysis on Kompas.com during campaign periode, as an incumbent candidate, Joko Widodo used a campaign to market the programs, such as: digital serving programs, the three magic cards program (Indonesia Smart College Card, Cheap Grocery Cards and Pre-Employment Cards) and infrastructure programs. Meanwhile, the Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Salahudin Uno candidate also used the campaign to market their programs, they are strengthening government institutions to prevent corruption and programs to improve Indonesia's economy. Candidate Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin sold his dream, namely "Jokowi wins 75%" and “changes for the better”. Meanwhile, the Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Salahudin Uno candidate echoes the jargon "Indonesia wins" as his dream.
Keywords: Indonesia’s Election; Campaign; Communication; Political Marketing
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Wielhouwer, Peter W. "Teaching Campaign Ethics Using Web-Based Scenarios." PS: Political Science & Politics 37, no. 4 (October 2004): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096504045299.
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Academics and politicians alike decry the deterioration of trust in American political institutions and in political participation. One oft-cited culprit for this deterioration is the conduct of campaigns for elective office, with especial ire focused upon political consultants and the consulting industry. The lack of a civil campaign ethic, it is said, means that the largely unregulated nature of political combat and speech generates campaigns rife with ad hominem attacks and “negative” ads that disgust, discourage, and alienate prospective voters. In response, some parts of the consulting industry have attempted to inculcate a higher level of campaign conduct through candidate and professional campaign codes. Another response is based in the several university programs that offer graduate degrees in political or campaign management, which include varying degrees of training regarding ethical considerations in campaigns.
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Oswalt, Sara B., and Tammy J. Wyatt. "Mirror, Mirror, Help Me Like My Body." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5i2.1239.
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Body image is a concern for many individuals but especially for women. Few body image interventions focus beyond the individual and attempt to reach a larger population. A media campaign was developed using the Social Marketing Model and implemented on a university campus to help women recognize conversations and ideas that reinforce negative body image concepts. Details about the development and implementation of the media campaign are reviewed. Follow-up assessment revealed that almost 60% (n = 194) of women surveyed saw the materials. Many responded favorably to the campaign’s impact. Buscards were viewed most frequently, indicating a potential promotion strategy for future health campaigns. Implications for future interventions and recommendations for practitioners are discussed.