Dissertations / Theses: 'Cambogia'

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Fumery, Odile. ""Garcinia cambogia" Desrousseaux." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P173.

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Cacciatori, Mattia <1986&gt. "La Cambogia dei Khmer Rossi a processo: tra ingerenze straniere, nazionalismo e utopia rivoluzionaria." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1759.

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La tesi vuole indagare il periodo che dal 1975 al 1979 ha segnato il destino di una nazione. Il genocidio perpetrato dai Khmer Rossi e le conseguenze internazionali, fino a portare ai processi internazionali dei nostri giorni, saranno oggetto di analisi nella dissertazione.

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Gennaro, Romina <1987&gt. "Valutare la comunicazione sociale. Un esame critico di un programma di prevenzione in Cambogia." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2208.

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La comunicazione sociale è un fenomeno che negli ultimi anni ha assunto sempre più rilevanza anche nel nostro Paese. Nonostante i limiti e le difficoltà ancora riscontrabili, i programmi di prevenzione sociale, pur differendo dalla comunicazione commerciale, si stanno sempre più avvicinando nell'utilizzo di strumenti e metodologie. L'obiettivo del lavoro, partendo da un'analisi critica di un programma di prevenzione in Cambogia, è quello di mettere in luce le difficoltà nel procedere ad una attività valutativa in grado di isolare gli effetti della campagna sociale, nel suo ultimo scopo di indurre a un cambiamento collettivo.

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THACH, BUNROEUN. "Aggiornamento del Sistema Nazionale dell’Innovazione in Cambogia: Analisi dell'Innovazione a Livello di Impresa, Settoriale e Nazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11697/192063.

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Cambodia’s NIS is functioning as an emergent innovation system. The business environment has been improved in general but is still not conducive to national innovation performance. The constraints in human capital, access to finance, and high trade costs can explain why Cambodia has a low level of R&D (at only 10% of sample firms). Another possible reason is the lack of complementary factors, such as internationally-recognized certification, foreign technology license, and new capital, which make domestic firms earn a lower return on their R&D. Cambodian firms apply only basic management and organizational capabilities. There are two explanations. First, firms interact with other firms or public institutions to learn technological innovation, product and process innovations. However, Cambodian firms apply technological cooperation to produce only process innovation, which means that they have limited management capabilities so that they do not intend to interact to develop product innovation. Second, the predicted value of R&D investment has a positive impact on a firm's propensity to produce all types of innovation outcomes, but only the predicted value of product innovation has a positively significant but small impact on labor productivity, suggesting the limited management capabilities among Cambodian firms. These limited management capabilities can be the reason why the interaction between firms and between firms and other firms or public institutions is still low. International integration of Cambodian firms into international markets and global value chains is limited since international trade obstacle is likely to decrease R&D investment. Furthermore, Cambodia faces high exporting costs, limited national qualification infrastructure, and burdensome business regulations in addition to the lack of R&D activities and management capabilities stated above, resulting in the limited number of medium-sized exporters in the Cambodian export structure and a small number of startups and tech SMEs. These problems also explain why linkages between multinational firms and the domestic economy are still weak. Cambodia has an incipient science and technology system to support domestic firms’ organizational and technological capabilities, impeding the industrial transformation. It has four growing high-tech industries, 16 emerging high-tech industries, 11 marginal high-tech industries, and 23 losing high-tech industries. Also, it has 11 growing low-tech industries, 12 emerging low-tech industries, 73 marginal industries, and 11 losing low-tech sectors. Cambodia has no sector moving from a quadrant with trade advantage to a quadrant with both trade and technological advantages. This pattern is different from that of the East Asian countries, which commonly developed their electronics industries by gaining from trade advantage before they develop further into both trade and technological advantages. There is also no industry moving from the quadrant with technology advantage to quadrant with trade advantage and to quadrant with both advantages, representing the technology push. This implication suggests that Cambodia has not committed to developing the technological infrastructure to support the domestic firms in upgrading their organizational and technological capabilities. However, two high-tech industries, including Motorcycles and bicycles and Equipment for distributing electricity, move from the quadrant without trade and technological advantages to the quadrant with both of them. Cambodia also has 14 high-tech industries moving from the quadrant without both advantages to the quadrant with trade advantage. It seems that Cambodia can achieve the initial success in these high-tech industries through learning by doing related to the linkage between multinational firms and domestic firms to improve trade specialization.

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Miorandi, Arianna <1978&gt. "La Cambogia e la comunità internazionale: la costruzione della pace e la ricerca del "giusto processo" all'ombra del genocidio." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/408.

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6

Leng, Phirom. "Students' Perceptions toward Private Sector Higher Education in Cambodia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275029368.

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7

Bengtner, Therese. "The Cambodian Curse : A field study on the role of journalists in modern Cambodia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108594.

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The title enlightens the difficulties of democratic transition that Cambodia experiences post Khmer Rouge. Media in transitional democracies is often described as a forced compromise between what is ideal and what is actually possible. This thesis aims to understand how political agency and technological advances have affected journalistic agency in a transitional democracy. Three research questions were decided upon: How do journalists in Cambodia perceive their role in a democratic transition? What restrictions and limitations do journalistic practices face in Cambodia? And how do journalists in Cambodia perceive the impact of social media on democratic development? A field study was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For ten weeks, eight editors and journalists currently active in Cambodia were interviewed and observed in their working environment. Normative media theory and developmental democracy theory have been used to analyze and understand the material that was generated through a combination of unstructured observations and semi-structured qualitative research interviews. Important findings were that the complicated structures of transitional democracies make journalists take on different roles, from very collaborative to extremely radical. Their different stand on journalistic practices is a mixture of their own choice and the force of historical, political and social constraints. Political power players treat them differently, which further separates them and has led to a segregated journalistic community. Even though they seem to share the same fundamental ideal of what journalism should be journalists are therefor unlikely to cooperate. Social media has been a catalyst for change in democratic development in Cambodia. By offering a place for uncensored conversations it has given the opposition access to media. Social media has brought along many new dilemmas though and is probably more beneficial to journalistic development than to democratic development. There is a lack of tolerance of diversity in Cambodia due to the fragile state of democratic transition. Therefor the immediate and unrestricted ways of expression in social media partially works against creating the social capital necessary for consolidation – fully completed democratization.

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O'Leary, Moira Patricia, and moira mal@gmail com. "The influence of values on development practice: A study of Cambodian development practitioners in non-government organisations in Cambodia." La Trobe University. Social Work and Social Policy, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20061025.123141.

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Evaluation reports, along with development studies literature suggest that development practice is often failing to enact espoused participatory, empowering and gender equitable approaches or to achieve these espoused goals. Mainstream development theories are underpinned by values and beliefs about what is good and what �ought to be�. In this study I explore the influence of values on the development practice of Cambodian practitioners working in non-government organisations in rural Cambodia. Development practitioners are the major conduit of community based development assistance, but little is known about how their values impact their day-to-day practice, and influence their moral and political choices. In the study I used ethnographic methodology, guided by feminist principles. The research was conducted with individuals and groups of experienced, mostly Cambodian development practitioners. Data were collected in four phases through in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations of practice. I examine the (in)congruity between practitioners� espoused theories and values and those demonstrated by their practice. The findings reveal that the values are not essentially different but are prioritized differently. The espoused values are consistent with those of the international development discourse, all of which are premised on a belief in human equality. Theories and values inferred from actual practice reflect hierarchical underpinnings. In the Cambodian context this is consistent with socio-cultural values and the hierarchical order of society. However, as expatriate research participants and the literature attest, this incongruence is not particular to Cambodian practitioners. The study reveals practitioners give higher priority to fulfilling the tasks necessary for the achievement of their NGOs� planned outputs and organisational imperatives than to the facilitation of participatory and empowering processes. At the same time, the enactment of some development values is in tension with certain socio-cultural norms and practices. Practitioners are challenged to make desirable development values explicit and identify how to operationalise them in the lived social, cultural, political and economic context.

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O'Leary, Moira Patricia. "The influence of values on development practice : a study of Cambodian development practitioners in non-government organisations in Cambodia /." Access full text, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20061025.123141/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2006.
Research. "A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [to the] School of Social Work and Social Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-351). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Wille, Kirstin. "Film production in Cambodia conditions and structure of the Cambodian film production market, demand and supply in consideration of film genre." Erfurt Thüringisch-Kambodschan. Ges, 2009. http://www.tkgev.org/film-production-in-cambodia.html.

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Su, Christine M. "Tradition and change Khmer identity and democracy in the 20th century and beyond /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765033521&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233339823&clientId=23440.

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TOUCH, Visalsok. "Agricultural Education in Cambodia." 名古屋大学農学国際教育協力研究センター, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8919.

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13

Taraga, Petchompoo. "Thailand, ASEAN and the Kampuchean problem from 1979 to 1986." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110698.

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The situation in Kampuchea has been an interesting issue in international politics. The Kampuchean people have been battered and exposed to foreign domination for the past five hundred years. After such a long period, however, peace is still not at hand. Moreover,since the 1970s the country has faced three major events: US bombings that started in 1970 and culminated in 1973; the inhumane evacuation of towns and mass executions under the Pol Pot regime (1975-1978); and the war between the SRV and the. Kampuchean resistance groups since 1979.

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Woudstra, Victoria. ""Cambodia : three men in a boat" : peace in Cambodia and the Australian peace proposal /." Title page, contents and conclusion only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw938.pdf.

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York, Jordan. "Deported Khmer Americans| Surviving Cambodia." Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552431.

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In 2002, under pressure from the United States, the government of Cambodia reluctantly agreed to take in a limited number of individuals facing deportation from the only home they had ever really known back to their "homeland" about which they knew little to nothing. After escaping the horrors of the Khmer Rouge and beginning new lives as refugees in America, they would in time come to live their lives as Americans. Of those being deported, many have little if any connection to their "homeland," possess limited knowledge and understanding of Khmer cultural patterns and are not accepted as "true" Khmer by the society. This thesis examines how deportation has affected their lives and shaped their cultural identities. The research contributes to anthropological discourses on displacement, homelands, transnationalism and disaporic communities by suggesting that a new notion of "dual displacement" be used to conceptualize the events experienced by these Khmer Americans and their rejection by two countries. Dual displacement allows analysis of a situation where nostalgia is not for the "homeland" in the sense of birthplace or point of origin, but for the site of refuge from which they were then exiled.

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Patel, Eman. "The physical impact of agrarian labor on children in Cambodia do Cambodian children working in the agricultural sector face a higher likelihood of negative health outcomes? /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6770.

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Haque, Md Mozammel. "Men, masculinities and social change : exploring Khmer masculinities and their implications for domestic violence." Thesis, Faculty of Education and Social Work, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17556.

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18

Deth, Sok Udom. "The People's Republic of Kampuchea 1979 - 1989: A Draconian Savior?" Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1243453559.

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Marston, John. "Cambodia 1991-94 : hierarchy, neutrality and etiquettes of discourse /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6431.

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Clarke, Judith Lesley. "Reporters and their sources in a 'hidden' war : international news coverage of Cambodia, 1979-1991 /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20604579.

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Dy, Sov Ann. "Importance of SME development in Cambodia." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595304.

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This research is concentrated mainly on Cambodian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are said to playa vital role in economic development and income growth in Cambodia, as they have been the primary source of job creation, not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. However, there are still considerable controversies over whether SMEs are more efficient than large enterprises (LEs) in contributing to economic development in Cambodia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of SMEs in development taking Cambodia as a case study. Three hypotheses are investigated to reveal SMEs' advantages relative to LEs: (1) SMEs are more labour-intensive than LEs and S"MEs provide more jobs for women than LEs; (2) SMEs are as productive as LEs or even more productive than LEs; and (3) srvms are more equitable in distributing the income they generate than LEs. Most of the previous researchers have provided empirical evidences to support the three hypotheses. In this study, however, srvms were found to possess many undesirable characteristics, including the uneconomic use of capital, the inequitable distribution of the income they generate, the low productivity of SMEs, especially in provincial areas, and employing less female labour. Thus, Cambodia experiences the low efficiency of SMEs' performance. This is due to the government's ability to implement an enabling environment for business remaining weak. In particular, the legal framework for supporting SME activity remains weak, infrastructure and communication in rural areas are poor, and labour productivity is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve SMEs in Cambodia, the government has to improve the efficiency of SMEs, implementation an action plan of the market-oriented framework for SME development, reduce the cost of doing business and related to bureaucratic red tape, improve the access to finance for SMEs, and improve market access for SMEs.

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Hukin, Eleanor. "Contraception in Cambodia : explaining unmet need." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/640/.

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This thesis aims to explain why there is a high level of unmet need for contraception in Cambodia - a country where effective methods of birth control are cheaply available and morally acceptable. The research design takes a mixed methods approach, initially using data from the Cambodian Demographic and Health Surveys of 2000 and 2005 to assess trends in contraceptive use. Multivariate logistic regression is used to analyse factors associated with, firstly, unmet need, and secondly, use of traditional contraceptive methods. The likelihood of having an unmet need for contraception increased as education and wealth levels decreased; urban or rural residence had no significant effect. However, the likelihood of using traditional methods, rather than modern methods, increased as education and wealth increased. Taking these findings and the questions they raise as a departure point, 21 months of ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in one urban and one rural site in Northwest Cambodia between 2008 and 2010. The study looks at women’s and men’s reproductive decision making with a focus on their experiences of and meanings given to contraception, situating these understandings within the broader social context. Fear of side effects, stemming from both contraceptive experiences and notions of health and the body, was found to be the greatest obstacle to use of modern contraceptives. This related more broadly to the pluralistic medical systems operating simultaneously and the varying levels of medicalization and trust in both biomedicine and the Cambodian health system. Behaviour that seemed counter-intuitive at the outset - not wanting to become pregnant but not using contraception, and wealthy educated women choosing traditional over modern methods – becomes understandable in light of the context and meanings highlighted by the ethnographic data. This thesis provides a unique empirical study which contributes to the emerging field of anthropological demography. By bringing approaches and methods from medical anthropology to the typically demographic phenomenon of unmet need, the study provides a new insight for social policies regarding reproductive health as well as contributing to the body of ethnographic literature on Cambodia.

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McCarthy, Casey. "Media Development in Transitional Democratic Cambodia." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23792.

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This thesis explores the development of the media in transitional democratic Cambodia. It looks at how the media landscape has changed over the last 20 years (what has been the successes and failures and what are the ongoing challenges); the roles of the various stakeholders critical to the development of the media (government, media themselves and development partners); and it assesses five areas critical to the establishment of an independent and sustainable media: the space for free expression, media professionalism, plurality, business management and supporting institutions. In doing so, the link between a public sphere and good governance is emphasised, the important role of the media in state reconstruction reinforced, and the western neoliberal agenda critically explored with a view to how it may be influencing current-day Cambodian political ideology and development.

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Millard, Jeffrey Paul 1967. "Chinese involvement in Cambodia, 1978-1991." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291845.

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The years 1978 and 1979 were critical in shaping mainland China's foreign policy towards Cambodia during the 1980s up until the international peace treaty of 1991. For China, this involved utilizing Cambodian forces to halt the spread of Vietnamese hegemony in Southeast Asia while countering an increased Soviet presence on its southern periphery. Unfortunately, China's policy of supporting both Prince Sihanouk politically and the Khmer Rouge militarily was instrumental in reestablishing the Khmer Rouge as the most powerful faction in Cambodia's uncertain future. Therefore, the Khmer Rouge became something of a Chinese enigma, nurtured by Beijing to fight the Vietnamese but completely free from PRC control or responsibility.

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Skidmore, Monique. "The politics of space and form : cultural idioms of resistance and re-membering in Cambodia." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22628.

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The subject of this paper is of cultures of terror, and more specifically of the possibility of resistance in a context of extreme fear. The focus is upon ways in which survivors of the Pol Pot regime devise strategies of embodied resistance, and rebuild notions such as identity and bodily integrity, within a Buddhist framework, to the dominant discourse of terror in contemporary Cambodian society.
The paper problematizes the concept of "order" and questions its validity as a dominant paradigm in anthropology. Further, in searching for new ways of theorizing and writing about resistance and terror, it suggests that a more power conscious analysis of popular religion and ritual may prove enlightening.
A theoretical framework is derived from a review of anthropological studies of terror and political violence. Of particular interest is the concept of "spaces of resistance" and the notions of "spaces of violence" and "bodily resistance" which it invokes. From within this framework the Dhammayietra, or peace walk, is considered as an embodied symbol of resistance and empowerment. It is hypothesized that the Dhammayietra may provide a way in which, through the symbolic "washing away" of Khmer Rouge memories; through the creation of new collective memories; and through the reclaiming of a physical manifestation (Angkor Wat) of the Buddhist-centered world view, some Cambodians may be able, at least in part, to emerge from the sensorially numb space which they created in order to survive the bodily, intellectual, and emotional assault upon their persons, culture, and religions by the Khmer Rouge.

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Chartprasert, Kiattikhun. "Australia and the Kampuchean problem : Thai perspectives." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112144.

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Throughout recorded history, Indochina has experienced conflict, turbulence and violence. One of the first recorded conflicts was in the first century A. D. when the Hung Sisters led a revolt in Northern Vietnam against Chinese domination. Ever since, relations with China have included long periods of peace and stability broken by conflict, invasion and resistance. But it was not until the United States directly participated in Vietnamese affairs following the French withdrawal after the battle of Dien Bien Phu and the Geneva Settlement of 1954 that the region has been the scene of "superpower rivalry". The wars which have engulfed the Indochina states over the past 30 years have brought untold human suffering and misery. When hostilities finally ceased as a result of the communist victories in Indochina in mid 1970s, the world looked forward hopefully to a long period of peace in which the well-being of the people of the region could be advanced and assured. Unfortunately, conflicts and instability have broken out anew.

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Om, Sothy. "Energy efficiency of tillage operations in Cambodia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17266.pdf.

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Hallsey, Joshua. "US foreign policy in Cambodia, 1945-1993 /." Saarbrücken : VDM-Verl. Dr. Müller, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017997595&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Andersson, Sköld Lisa. "Water usage behaviour and discourse in Cambodia." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54568.

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Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Asia and the mortality and morbidity due to lack of improved water supply sources are high. Improvement in this area could better the situation for many Cambodians and as a consequence better the situation for the state of Cambodia.

The purpose of this thesis is to depict how water issues are being handled in Cambodia. This is done from an anthropological point of view and as a result the focus is on the interviewees of this study. Issues that will be of interest are water consumption and management behaviour, and their explanations. Thoughts and knowledge on water treatments, water safety and how to prevent water related health issues will also be of interest. Other important aspects are sanitation, garbage and the work of non-governmental organizations and the Royal Government of Cambodia. The field work was carried out though interviews and observations in three main areas, urban Phnom Penh, Khsach Kandal and Angk Snuol.

The result focuses on risk behaviour and behaviour change and shows that there is a lack of knowledge among the people I talked to when it comes to water related health risks. There is a big mistrust in the quality of the water and most people regard boiling a necessity before drinking the water. However, storage is generally the big problem as well as lack of information on how, where and why water gets contaminated.

Another problem that emerged is that there is a lack of financial commitment from the Royal Government of Cambodia and much work is done by NGOs which might be the reason for conflicting and confusing messages towards the public.

Kambodja är ett av Asiens fattigaste länder och bristen på tjänliga vattenkällor gör att skade- och dödstalen är höga. Framsteg på detta område skulle förbättra situationen för många kambodjaner och i förlängningen förbättra situationen för Kambodja.

Syfte med studien är att beskriva hur problem kring vattenkonsumtion hanteras i Kambodja. Studien har en antropologisk utgångspunkt vilket betyder att fokus ligger på informanterna och deras berättelser. Frågor som var av intresse vara vattenkonsumtion och vattenhanteringsbeteende samt förklarningar kring dessa. Tankar och kunskap kring vattenrening, vattensäkerhet och hur man förebygger vattenrelaterade hälsoproblem är också av intresse för studien. Ytterligare viktiga faktorer är hygien- och avfallsfrågor, samt arbetet som hjälporganisationer och Kambodjas regering utför. Fältstudien utfördes genom intervjuer och observationer i tre områden: Phnom Penh, Khsach Kandal and Angk Snuol.

Resultatet av studien fokuserar på riskbeteende och beteendeförändring och visar att det finns kunskapsbrister när det gäller vattenrelaterade hälsorisker bland mina informanter. Det finns ett stort misstroende när det gäller vattenkvaliteten och det flesta ser kokning som ett måste innan de kan dricka vattnet. Generellt sett är dock vattenförvaring ett större problem tillsammans med en brist i hur, var och varför vatten blir förorenat.

Ett annat vattenrelaterat problem är brist på ekonomiskt åtagande från den kambodjanska regeringens sida. Mycket av arbetet utförs av olika hjälporganisationer vilket kan vara anledning till den ibland motsägelsefulla och förvirrande information som ges till allmänheten.

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PHIM, Runsinarith. "Determinants of Poverty : The Case of Cambodia." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16247.

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Clayton, Stephen. "English for Cambodia? : aid, depoliticisation and inequality." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399968.

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32

Bevan, Susan R. "Thinking culturally about critical thinking in Cambodia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1838/.

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There is concern in Western, English-speaking universities about the ability of students from some Asian countries to think critically. This concern is often related to students’ lack of participation in class discussion. The association of questioning, discussion and debate in Western approaches to critical thinking adds to this perception, and lends itself to the stereotype of the ‘passive Asian student.’ Research suggests however that there are more diverse factors than a lack of ability to show critical thinking during classroom discussion. Student second language acquisition and confidence in speaking are important, as well as the language used by lecturers and the speed at which it is spoken. Cultural context also plays a part, and students studying in another country may struggle to understand unfamiliar discussion topics or examples. Different cultural understandings of the role of the lecturer, authority and appropriate classroom behaviour are also factors which may lead to international student’s reluctance to speak in class. My research took place in a Cambodian university, with Cambodian students and a teacher from the UK. It began with a question – How do Cambodian students experience courses aimed at developing Western style critical thinking skills? I then focused on three themes: the relationship between cultural context and critical thinking; the relationship between classroom participation and critical thinking; and the improvement of teaching and learning critical thinking through better understanding of those relationships. I created a ‘community of critical thinkers’ in the classroom. This involved asking ‘thought-encouraging’ questions in class and techniques such as small group discussion where students were allowed to code-switch between languages in a controlled fashion. Students were encouraged to apply critical thinking to their own culture and society and share examples which could be used for teaching later classes. We also compared Western approaches to critical thinking with a Buddhist approach. The research focused on the experiences of teaching and learning critical thinking for both teacher and students. A methodology based on ethnology and grounded theory was utilised to collect and analyse data. My results show that given a familiar cultural context, in classes tailored to their level of English language acquisition, students participated in classroom discussion in similar, but not identical ways to their English- speaking, Western counterparts. Likewise a lack of participation did not necessarily lead to lower marks; a propensity for speaking in class was not always related to receiving a higher mark. I recommend further exploration of different cultural approaches to critical thinking in the classroom, and a re-examination of attitudes towards participation. Not speaking in class can be the result of a range of complex factors and does not mean that students are not engaged in the process of learning. I further suggest the inclusion of different cultural applications of critical thinking when teaching can be beneficial for teachers and both international and national students.

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33

Manning, Peter. "Justice, reconciliation and memorial politics in Cambodia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/871/.

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This thesis examines conflicts and congruities between memories of past political violence, and the implications these have for attempts to enable ‘justice’ and ‘reconciliation’ in Cambodia. The project takes the establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) as a starting point that seeks to stabilise a narrow account of past political violence. The ECCC is important as a point of departure because it is the main institutional site through which Cambodia is confronting past political violence. Tasked with prosecuting crimes perpetrated by Khmer Rouge between 1975 and 1979, the ECCC promotes a restricted reading of political violence in Cambodia, attempting to silence some pasts whilst calling attention to others. At the same time, the work of the ECCC situates the past as a field of intervention that can yield particular ameliorative social and political outcomes: providing a sense of justice, establishing the truth of political violence in Cambodia, deterring the future perpetration of atrocity, and enabling reconciliation. Memory is integral to these ends as the key target of civic renewal. Based on eight months of fieldwork in 2008/9 conducted at multiple sites in Cambodia, the project critically reflects on the ECCC’s attempt to generate a unified and consensual account of political violence in Cambodia. Three key findings are evidenced. Firstly, whilst the ECCC attempts to frame and stabilise a preferred account of political violence through a judicial process that reconstructs memory through disclosure and concealment, this process itself is contested by the subjects it animates (its ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’). Moreover, I argue that the work of the ECCC actually catalyses multiple, often conflicted claims over what justice and reconciliation mean as socio-political strategies. The ECCC continues to generate unintended and unexpected results in the way that it platforms, recues and generates demands of the past. Secondly, the research findings evidence diverse and competing regimes of memory in Cambodia that call into question the possibilities of the ECCC in reconstructing a unified, shared public memory of political violence in Cambodia, and providing a sense of justice and reconciliation on that basis. These are frequently encountered exactly at the propagation of the ECCC preferred reading of past political violence, gesturing to the way that conflicting memory occurs – or is foregrounded – in resistance to power. Thirdly, the research findings evidence competing rationales for remembering and forgetting political violence in varied ways (for example, material priorities, tourism, and attendant commercial interests). Moreover, the thesis documents ambivalence among some Cambodians toward memorials and museums and the pasts that they call attention to. In this sense, the project shows how these ambivalences are dislocated from and eschew the moral authority of the rationales grounding the ECCC’s work (providing a sense of justice and facilitating reconciliation in the name of continued memories of political violence).

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34

Griffiths, Kate. "Culture of aid : Chinese aid to Cambodia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18188.

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Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia. The United Nations Human Development Index ranks Cambodia as 137 out of 182 countries in terms of quality of life. Cambodia is also an aid dependent country, with nearly half its annual budget coming from aid. Since the Paris Peace Accords in 1991 and subsequent United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, OECD-DAC (Development Assistance Committee) (or 'traditional') donors have entered Cambodia in large numbers. These traditional donors allocate aid according to the OECDDAC consensus. This consensus is based around international agreements such as the Millennium Development Goals, The Pahs Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Monterrey Consensus o f the International Conference on Financing fo r Development. The traditional donors have, since the early 1990s, created and dominated the aid 'culture' in Cambodia. Recently, however, another donor has come to the fore in Cambodia, and that is China. China has strong historical, social and economic links with Cambodia that go back to ancient times. China has been disbursing aid to Cambodia since the 1950s. However, it has only been since 2006 that China has come to the fore as an aid donor, due in part to the large amount of aid it is currently pledging to Cambodia but also to the growing role China is playing on the wider global stage. China is now one of the largest donors to (as well as investors in) Cambodia. China, however, is often considered a 'rogue' donor by the traditional donors both at the global scale and within Cambodia, as China does not conform with DAC policy on aid and development. This leads to certain representations of China that do not always accord with the 'realities' of China's aid program. This thesis explores aid cultures in Cambodia, in particular the encounter between Chinese aid and western aid. Theoretically this thesis situates itself at the intersection between (post)development geography and cultural geography, drawing on ideas such as representation and encounter to understand how Chinese and western aid come together in the context of Cambodia. By doing so, this thesis fills a gap in the existing literature by looking at aid as a culture, and exploring China's aid from a [post]development/cultural geography viewpoint, rather than an economic or international relations stance. Arising from this theoretical stance come three primary research questions: How do those with different cultural sets come together in certain contexts, namely aid; what cultural encounters do we see in this mix between traditional donors and new donors; how do discourses around 'the other' play into aid dialogues in Cambodia? This thesis investigates these research questions through qualitative methods, including interviews, discourse analysis and participant observation. Analysis is undertaken of western aid to Cambodia, with a focus on the history and statistics of aid, aid coordination, development policy and critiques of traditional aid in order to highlight the existing aid culture in Cambodia. An analysis is then undertaken of China's aid to Cambodia, looking at the aid figures and aid structure before investigating representations of China's aid and looking at an indicative case study of one Chinese aid project in Cambodia. Finally the encounter between western aid and Chinese aid is analysed with particular reference to three types of western aid actors in Cambodia and how they encounter and represent China and its aid program. Through the above investigation, three main findings are arrived at: a) that a particularly western aid culture has been created in Cambodia, one which can be seen as a 'site of knowledge' for western aid; b] that Chinese aid is deliberately constructed and represented in certain ways by the West for its own purposes much as Said (1995] outlined in his work Orientalism regarding the relationship between the West and 'the other'; and c) whilst global aid discourses influence the encounter between China and the West in Cambodia, Cambodia itself is not a passive player in this encounter, using it for its own advantage by playing off China and the western donors against one another.

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35

Suttie, Annika. "The molecular epidemiology of influenza in Cambodia." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/173785.

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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) represent a risk to the health of humans and animals. The prevalence of AIVs in live bird markets in Cambodia is among the highest in the world, being detected in 45.5% of tested poultry in 2015. To better understand the potential risk presented by AIVs, this thesis investigated the genetic characteristics of AIVs circulating in Cambodia between 2014 to 2018; focusing on subtypes that pose the greatest risk to human and animal health (H5, H7 and H9). Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c viruses and low pathogenic H9N2 BJ/94-like h9-4.2.5 clade viruses were the most frequently detected subtypes, and circulate endemically in Cambodia’s domestic poultry. Co-infections were detected and facilitated the production of two novel reassortant H5N1 AIVs with single genes from H9N2 viruses. Additionally, numerous intrasubtypic reassortment events were detected for H5 and H9 AIVs. This is concerning as reassortment events can rapidly produce novel viruses of public health risk. Phylogenetic analyses showed some genes of the Cambodian H5, H7 and H9 AIVs clustered with zoonotic viruses, suggesting a common origin. There are parallels between H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs detected in Cambodia and Vietnam, likely facilitated through the illegal trade of live poultry and/or the migration of wild birds. Molecular analyses showed H9 AIVs have major markers associated with adaptation to mammals; though during the study period the only human AIV cases were the result of HP H5N1. Molecular markers of resistance to adamantine antivirals was observed in 3% of H5 and 41% of H9 AIVs; however, both subtypes remain susceptible to first line antiviral treatment, neuraminidase inhibitors. The data presented in this thesis demonstrates that circulation of Cambodian AIVs represents a risk for the emergence of novel viruses. Interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the threat posed to poultry and humans.
Doctor of Philosophy

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36

Mak, Sau-man Michelle, and 麥綉雯. "Unraveling the barriers to education for children with severe disabilities (Cambodia)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44390725.

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Aveling, Emma-Louise. "Partnership in whose interests? : the impact of partnership-working in a Cambodian HIV prevention program." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609077.

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38

Pak, Vicheth. "Understanding rural parent-school-community partnerships in Cambodia: practices, communications andrerceptions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50178726.

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Child-Friendly School has been adopted as a national policy for basic education in many developing countries and UNICEF has also adopted the policy as an international framework for basic education. In Cambodia, the practice has now gone up to lower-secondary schools. Dimension 5 of this policy encompasses school openness to community participations which include those of parents and other important members of the community such as elderly, clergymen, village chiefs, and NGO representatives. What is not often heard of in many schools is the extent to which and through what means the stakeholders communicate about their children‘s education. Recognizing this gap, this research was devised to explore current practices and channels of communication that the stakeholders have advocated in Cambodia. This research employed a mixed research design in which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Five teachers, eight key informants and two student representatives were purposefully selected for semi-structured interview, while 33 parents and 33 students were also purposefully recruited for self-administered (face-to-face) questionnaires. In addition, field observation, document analysis, and focus group discussion were also employed in this study. The study found that the current practices of parent-school-community partnerships have not met the desired outcomes of CFS‘s dimension 5 yet. More attention should be placed on attracting parental and community involvements. For example, reconstructing the existing mechanisms such as SSC and SC for better involvement, more school‘s effort to reach out to parents and more attention from national level on policy and law on parent-teacher relation are needed.
published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education

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39

Nowosad, Orest J. W. "Weak power-great power relationships : Sino-Khmer Rouge relations 1975-1989." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110791.

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With the Khmer Rouge gaining control of Cambodia in 1975, the further development of a relationship between a weak and a strong power was to be seen.l The People's Republic of China (PRC) would become associated with a regime which would prove to be one of the most brutal and inhumane of the modern age.

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40

Goldrick, Emma. "Sino-Cambodia 2010 - 2018: To what extent has the Chinese Government contributed to the decline of multiparty democracy in Cambodia?" Thesis, Department of Government and International Relations, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24652.

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Cambodia has become an integral component of China’s strategic objectives throughout Southeast Asia. China’s intention to expand the Belt and Road Initiative through Southeast Asia is contingent on its ability to maintain healthy cooperation with the Hun Sen administration in Cambodia. Through the patron-client dynamic of Sino-Cambodian relations, China has secured rights to vital deep-water ports, hydroelectric dams, vital BRI infrastructure and access to the South China Sea. In recent years, Prime Minister Hun Sen’s, Cambodian People’s Party (CPP), has received international criticism and sanctions from traditional aid-aid-donors for infringing on democratic rights. As a result of this, the CPP has become asymmetrically dependent on Chinese economic patronage. This thesis seeks to determine the extent to which the Chinese Government has contributed to the decline of multiparty democracy in Cambodia between 2010 and 2018. To achieve this, the paper conducts a process tracing analysis to determine causation between Chinese patronage and the breakdown of democracy in Cambodia. In doing so, this thesis uses the theoretical framework of patron-client to understand the actions of China and Cambodia alike. The core findings of this study demonstrate the party-to-party relationship between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the CPP, and how this contributes to Cambodia’s ideological convergence. It further establishes the way in which China’s objectives in Cambodia have become mutually reinforcing. The final finding of this thesis demonstrates how Prime Minister Hun Sen’s internal legitimacy is dependent on Chinese economic patronage. Through the research findings of this study, this thesis also contributes to broader literature regarding the application of patron-client theory to China and Southeast Asia.

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41

Lambrick, Frances H. "Community forestry in Cambodia : effectiveness, governance and implementation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669864.

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42

Quinn, Peter Thomas, and peter quinn@anu edu au. "HUMAN SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF CAMBODIA." The Australian National University. Centre for Asian Societies and Histories, College of Asia & the Pacific, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20100701.122958.

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Human security was promoted in 1994 by the UNDP as a concept embracing not only freedom from war and violence (or personal security), but also embracing individualï¿½s basic needs for (and rights to) economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, community security and political security. Following this formulation, the concept has been subject to considerable scrutiny particularly in the context of state centric security studies. Extending the concept of security beyond the state to the individual appeared problematic, especially as the mechanisms designed to maintain and restore world peace are state based. However, the post-cold war environment has required a renewed interest in conflict resolution and in this context, human security as personal security has achieved political and analytical acceptance, particularly in the UN sponsored Human Security Report. What then of the second dimension of human security as freedom from want expressed by the UNDP in terms of basic needs and rights? Debate on this aspect of the UNDP definition foundered on several fronts. As well as being outside the traditional security framework, many argued that it was too broad to be analytically useful; others that it added nothing to human rights and human development which appeared to address precisely the same issues. Thus, while the concept of human security has found acceptance by those advocating with humanitarian approaches to conflict resolution and prevention, few have addressed the actual relationship, if any, between human security and development at the local level where people are most vulnerable to insecurity and where human security or its absence is most felt. This thesis addresses this gap through a study of human security in Cambodia, where people have experienced, at different times, the full range of human insecurities detailed by the UNDP. It shows that the human insecurity of Cambodians has been in large part a consequence of the security policies and military engagements of external powers. Human security and international relations are inextricably linked. Cambodiaï¿½s post-conflict reconstruction, rehabilitation and development strategies have also been strongly influenced by international forces through development assistance programmes. Despite this aid, Cambodiaï¿½s performance in health, education, justice, employment and poverty alleviation has been poor and leaves many rural people with uncertain futures and their human security threatened. Various authors have suggested that human security might be guaranteed by the state, the rule of law, democratisation, governance, human rights or human development. Based on qualitative fieldwork, the thesis argues that governance ï¿½ especially the way in which state institutions deliver services to the people at the local or ï¿½grass rootsï¿½ level ï¿½ is key to assuring human security. It further argues that through development assistance policies and practices, global governance institutions have a significant influence on national and local governance processes. The thesis concludes that, if accepted by the UN Security Council, global governance and international development assistance agencies, human security can be a bridge uniting them all in the common pursuit of individual security and wellbeing with benefit for state, regional and global security.

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43

Keo, Omaliss. "Ecology and conservation of Giant Ibis in Cambodia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502555.

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Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea has declined in its South-East Asian range and is now classified as Critically Endangered; it is only known to breed in northern Cambodia. Understanding the species's feeding and nesting habitat selection and breeding ecology is important to determine possible causes of decline and identify conservation management measures. This study was carried out in northern Cambodia during the species's breeding and non-breeding seasons. Giant Ibis prefers to nest away from villages in deciduous forest near seasonal grasslands and pools where earthworms are abundant. It selects large tall trees for nesting, mainly Trach Diptercarpus intricatus and Tbeng Dipterocarpus obtusifolius. Nesting success was 50%. Main losses were due to civet or marten predation of nestlings. Placing predator baffles on trees improved nesting success by 50% and was very cheap. Feeding habitat selection was investigated using camera trapping (CTM) and probe-mark (pMM) methods. CTM was effective in capturing presence of Giant Ibis at pools. Both methods provided similar results, but PMM gives a better prediction. Giant Ibis prefers foraging further away from villages, at larger pools with larger mud areas where there are greater abundances of frogs and mole-crickets. Numerically, frogs are the species's main prey, followed by unidentified 'insects', mole-crickets, larvae and eels. Anthropogenic influences at pools do not directly affect Giant Ibises. However, fire reduces the abundance of mole-crickets, and draining reduces the abundance ofeels. This thesis demonstrates that management of feeding and breeding habitats will be vital for the Giant Ibis in future, as local human pressures increase. Maintaining water in pools throughout the dry season is crucial to maintaining prey abundance. Nest protection should increase productivity and playa key role in recovering numbers.

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44

Bitar, Mona K. "The United States, Britain and Cambodia 1956-1965." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367960.

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45

Brady, Christopher. "United States foreign policy towards Cambodia, 1977-1992." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261444.

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46

Pagaran, Lourdes N. (Lourdes Navaro) 1957. "Making decentralization work : building local institutions in Cambodia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8258.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.
"September 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-217).
This dissertation examines the dynamics of decentralization in a highly centralized, institutionally constrained, and externally resource-dependent environment. It uses a case study of Seila, a decentralization program in Cambodia, based on extensive fieldwork from 1996 to 1999. Initiated in 1996 by UNDP, the Seila program took a different path from other rural development programs by working through established provincial and local development structures on a pilot basis in five Cambodian provinces. It provided grants to target communes and selected sector along with the introduction of decentralized systems and mechanisms and the provision of capacity building at provincial and local levels. The findings of this study suggest that the Seila program has been able to establish decentralized systems and mechanisms to deliver local services and to influence macro level policy reforms on decentralization in three ways: by a delicate balancing act between process and output, by developing capacity and institutional networking at various levels, and by gaining support of various key institutional actors including provincial and local authorities, central government, donor agencies, and NGOs. The literature on fiscal federalism and on participatory and governance focuses on the primacy of either process or output. Contrary to these views, the close links between process and output have encouraged local communities to undertake collective action and have engendered accountability and responsiveness from provincial and local authorities.
(cont.) By building capacity and developing strategic partnerships, both at horizontal and vertical structures, provincial and local development committees have effectively managed local demand. Thus, these findings confirm the emerging literature on decentralization that developing effective local governments requires wholesale capacity building and establishing a broad spectrum of support networks. The support from key institutional actors, which enabled the Seila program to sustain its field-level initiatives and to buttress them through institutional and policy backing from central government, suggests that decentralization is indeed both a political decision and outcome of consensus building among politicians and decision makers.
by Lourdes N. Pagaran.
Ph.D.

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47

Sumner, Daniel Mark. "Gendered dimensions of Conservation Agriculture in Northwestern Cambodia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63896.

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This research investigates gender-based constraints and opportunities to the dissemination of conservation agriculture based on a case study with smallholder farmers in the village of Pichangva, Rattanakmondol, Battambang Province, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, including focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, household surveys, and participatory mapping, we explore the effect of conservation agriculture on men's and women's allocation of labor, gendered power relations in intra-household negotiations, and access to resources and information. I found that conservation agriculture has the potential to decrease men's and women's workload and drudgery in cash crop production and generates opportunities for other work; however, this may contribute to an increase in women's "triple workload" as they invest part of this "extra time" in additional domestic and community responsibilities. I also found that gender intersects with other factors to limit men's and women's access to and control over resources, access to information, and participation in household negotiations. These findings could have implications on smallholder farmers' decision to experiment with conservation agriculture.
Master of Science
CCRA-7 (Gendered Knowledge)

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48

Loem, Senghuo. "Labor Mobility and Industrialization in Post-Socialist Cambodia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1494934181936051.

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49

Chhay, Saomony Orapin Pitakmahaket. "Factors influencing postpartum checkups among mothers in Cambodia /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd419/5037964.pdf.

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50

Yong, Lynne Ee Lin. "Resilience in ex-refugees from Cambodia and Vietnam /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3147808.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cambogia'

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