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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cambodia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cambodia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cambodia"

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Clayton, Thomas. "French Colonial Education." education policy analysis archives 3 (December 1, 1995): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v3n19.1995.

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By 1944, after eight decades of French colonial control, only a small percentage of eligible students in Cambodia attended French schools. Several scholars argue on the basis of such evidence that the French purposefully restricted education for Cambodians in order first to achieve and then to maintain power in the colony. This article examines educational development in Cambodia during the French colonial period and concludes that the lack of Cambodian educational participation stemmed from Cambodian resistance, rather than French planning. French educational reforms sought to understand Cambodian resistance, to overcome it, and to draw Cambodians into schools dedicated to the training of colonial civil servants.

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Akasy, Lach,, and Sookyong Nam. "Comparative Analysis of Primary School Teacher Training Systems in Cambodia and Korea: Insights for Reforms in Cambodia." Korean Comparative Education Society 33, no. 5 (November 30, 2023): 151–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20306/kces.2023.33.5.151.

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[Research purpose]This study compares primary school teacher training systems in Cambodia and Korea, aiming to provide insights for future reforms in Cambodia. [Methodology]Through a literature review, an analysis, and a survey of Cambodian educators, we identify similarities and differences in the development processes of the two systems. [Results]Cambodia's system resembles Korea's during the 1980s and 1990s, reflecting transitions to four-year university-level training. However, challenges persist in Cambodia's system, with limitations in evaluating candidate’s teaching suitability, curriculum adaptability, and a loose certification and recruitment framework. Survey responses from Cambodian educators express positivity towards the implications drawn from the study. [Conclusion]The study recommends gradual reforms in Cambodia, emphasizing removing traditional testing and curriculum components and integrating competence-based elements, mirroring Korea's successful trajectory.

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Hoang, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Huy. "Current Situation of Economic Life of Vietnamese Community in Cambodia: A Survey’s Results." Journal of Economics, Trade and Marketing Management 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): p49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v5n1p49.

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The Vietnamese community in Cambodia is facing a difficult and hard life in all aspects, especially since the Cambodian Government issued and implemented Decree No. 129 in August 2017 on the revocation and cancellation of Cambodian administrative documents that Cambodia deemed abnormal holding and using by foreigners. Accordingly, most Vietnamese people live in Cambodia for a long time, even for five to six generations, have been affected by the confiscation of all documents proving their legal status in Cambodia. As results of the implementation of this Decree, more than 90% of people of Vietnamese origin are considered immigrants, so they hardly enjoy any rights. Because they do not have documents to prove their legal status, people of Vietnamese origin cannot own property and means of production, have difficulty in accessing jobs, and especially their children born in Cambodia cannot go to Cambodian schools.Besides, along with low education level, temporary life, no expertise, no capital and production means, a large percentage of Vietnamese people in Cambodia have extremely difficult lives. Their per capita income is much lower than the Cambodia’s national average. Many of them live in poverty and vulnerability.Based on the results of the survey conducted in Cambodia by the research team, this article examines and evaluates the current economic situation of the Vietnamese community in Cambodia. The findings strongly confirm the above assessment.

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Vu, Hoang Minh. "Between Propaganda and Cao-Mienism." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 15, no. 1 (2020): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2020.15.1.49.

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The generation of soldiers, advisors, politicians, and civilians who participated in Vietnam’s intervention in Cambodia between 1978 and 1989 had diverse, colorful, and powerful experiences. Their impressions and reflections as immortalized in diaries, songs, poems, plays, short stories, and even novels form the core of popular memory of Vietnam’s long involvement in Cambodia, which I term Vietnam’s Cambodian Decade. I argue that all Vietnamese literature on this period exhibits some combination of state propaganda to justify the Vietnamese presence in Cambodia on the one hand, and exoticization of Cambodia and Cambodians on the other. This latter tendency I term “Cao-Mienism,” drawing the connection between Edward W. Said’s critique of Orientalism and the old Vietnamese term for Cambodia, Cao Miên, which carries many outdated connotations of a mystical, uncivilized, violent, and hypersexual other. I divide Vietnamese literature on the Cambodian Decade into four distinct groups, based largely on the chronological order of their publication, but also on the distinct literary characteristics of each group, thereby charting the evolution of Vietnamese views of the Cambodian Decade through the years. My main finding is that Vietnamese literature on the Cambodian Decade started out largely to serve the needs of state propaganda, but has in time shifted decisively to Cao-Mienizing Cambodia. I conclude by warning that both strands of propaganda and Cao-Mienization remain relevant in contemporary Vietnamese literature and can serve to perpetuate and legitimize a hegemonic discourse on Cambodia that is detrimental to bilateral relations.

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Bektimirova, Nadezhda N. "Prospects of Cambodia-USA Relations." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development 1, no. 1(50) (2021): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-1-1-50-155-165.

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The article evaluates the prospects of Cambodia-USA relations under President Joe Biden’s administration. The author shows that traditionally relations have been developing unevenly. Over the past decade the shape of bilateral relations has been strongly influenced by a third party – China. Cambodia’s close cooperation with China is viewed negatively by US officials. Since Cambodia’s foreign policy agenda for the next three years is highly likely to be determined by the country’s electoral cycles, Hun Sen has little room for manoeuvre, given the USA’s support of Cambodian opposition parties and harsh criticism of human rights in Cambodia. Under these circumstances Hun Sen feels compelled to increasingly lean towards China.

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Po, Sovinda, and Christopher B. Primiano. "It’s All about the Coalition." European Journal of East Asian Studies 19, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01902004.

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Abstract Since its creation in 2013, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has received ample attention in the media and from government officials and scholars. Many different, and often polarising, views exist on BRI. While some view it as China’s grand strategic goal of remaking the world in its own image, others perceive it as consistent with the international system. Using interviews conducted in Cambodia and an examination of press sources, this article draws from the selectorate theory to examine both why the Cambodian government is siding with China regarding economic ties, specifically regarding BRI, and the impact that is having on popular perception in Cambodia. The small coalition in Cambodia that Hun Sen seeks to placate results in a negative view among a significant segment of the Cambodian populace regarding Cambodia’s relations with China, and Chinese investments in particular.

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Pheakdey, Heng. "Cambodia-China Relations: A Positive-Sum Game?" Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 31, no. 2 (June 2012): 57–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341203100203.

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China has re-emerged to become a dominant foreign player in Cambodia. Politically, Cambodia is one of China's oldest and closest allies. Economically, China is Cambodia's top foreign investor, a major donor, and an increasingly important trading partner. Culturally, Chinese values are deeply embedded in many aspects of Cambodian society. However, China's dominance is surrounded by renewed controversies. While the government warmly welcomes Chinese aid, saying that it comes with no strings attached, many experts are concerned that China is providing aid for more nefarious reasons. Critics also accuse Chinese investment and aid of having exacerbated corruption, weakened governance and harmed human rights, and of ruining Cambodia's natural resources and environment. With such controversies, it is relevant and significant to assess the roles that China has played and continues to play in Cambodia's socio-economic development. Using expert interviews, media analysis and an extensive literature review, this paper uniquely contributes to the existing discussion on China–Cambodia relations by closely examining the controversies of China's investment and aid, critically analysing China's interests in Cambodia, and asking if the relationship between the two nations is a positive-sum game.

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CHANTOLA, SAO. "Free Flow of Skilled Labour in the ASEAN Economic Community: Opportunities and Challenges for Cambodia." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (August 26, 2020): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug344.

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The opportunities and challenges for Cambodia from the free flow of skilled labour in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has been a topic of heated discussion amongst the general public, learners, researchers, skilled workers, people in charge of skilled labor, as Cambodia prepared to enter the ASEAN Economic Community at the end of 2015. A descriptive statistical analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 23.0 shows that there is optimism on the participation of Cambodia in the AEC. Firstly, 81 per cent of respondents supported that free flow of skilled labour as an opportunity for Cambodians to participate in the job market in ASEAN. Secondly, 77 per cent of participants accepted that “Free flow of skilled labour in ASEAN offers opportunities for Cambodians to get well-paid jobs in the region of ASEAN.” Thirdly, 84 per cent of respondents agreed that “free flow of skilled labour in the ASEAN helps inspire local education”. However, there were challenges for Cambodia, indicated by 75 per cent of respondents thinking that the country lacks skilled labour to challenge other ASEAN professionals. 70 per cent of respondents considered the inflow of foreign skilled labour as a threat to local jobs seekers, while 81 per cent of respondents agreed with the statement “the imbalanced agreement implementation on skilled labour in ASEAN is Another barrier in ASEAN’s jobs finding for Cambodian skilled workers,” Toward the solutions to reduce the challenges and to better the opportunities for Cambodians, suggestions have been observed; firstly, 72 participants recommended that education reform, further vocations and trainings for Cambodians should be better improved. Secondly, 23 participants advised that creating more local jobs should be further done and thirdly, 21 participants commented that Cambodian skilled workers should improve their knowledge of the English language, as it is very important in Cambodia, the ASEAN and the world in pursuing their present and future’s studies and works.

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Im, Soksamphoas. "Issues Concerning Ageing Population in Kampot and Takeo Provinces, Cambodia, and the Implications of the Cambodia National Ageing Policy 2017-2030." Research on Ageing and Social Policy 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rasp.10701.

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This article assesses the issues concerning the ageing population in Takeo province and Kampot province, Cambodia, and the implications of the Cambodia National Ageing Policy (NAP) 2017-2030 in addressing those issues. By interviewing fifty randomly selected participants aged 60 and older, the findings revealed that the NAP 2017-2030 has not positively impacted the elderly population in Cambodia as it promised. The current generation of elderly Cambodians are Khmer Rouge conflict survivors and are financially insecure and rely on their adult children for financial support and caretaking. By closely examining the NAP 2017-2030 action plan, this study found many implications that led to slow progress and ineffectiveness. The paper concludes with a discussion on the significant issues concerning the ageing population in Cambodia today and the need for the Cambodian government to commit to implementing this ageing policy effectively.

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Eskelund, Karsten, Helena Grunfeld, and Phal Des. "Exploring the Competitiveness of Cambodia as an IT Outsourcing Destination." Journal of Global Information Management 28, no. 2 (April 2020): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2020040102.

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Using assessment criteria from the A.T. Kearney global services location index, the authors explore Cambodia's competitiveness in the global IT outsourcing market (ITO), identifying how the country could become more competitive. The findings are discussed from the perspective of the Heeks and Nicholson software export success model, assessing Cambodia from a national competitiveness perspective. With ITO's export revenue and skills development potential, it is important to understand why Cambodia is not considered a significant ITO destination and what the country can do to increase its competitiveness in this area. This paper is useful for practitioners considering Cambodia as an ITO destination, for the Cambodian government as a guide to policy measures for increasing its competitiveness as well as for IT researchers, who could complement the study with primary data and development the conceptual approaches applied in this article, whether in Cambodia or other developing countries.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cambodia"

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Leng, Phirom. "Students' Perceptions toward Private Sector Higher Education in Cambodia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275029368.

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Bengtner, Therese. "The Cambodian Curse : A field study on the role of journalists in modern Cambodia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108594.

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The title enlightens the difficulties of democratic transition that Cambodia experiences post Khmer Rouge. Media in transitional democracies is often described as a forced compromise between what is ideal and what is actually possible. This thesis aims to understand how political agency and technological advances have affected journalistic agency in a transitional democracy. Three research questions were decided upon: How do journalists in Cambodia perceive their role in a democratic transition? What restrictions and limitations do journalistic practices face in Cambodia? And how do journalists in Cambodia perceive the impact of social media on democratic development? A field study was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For ten weeks, eight editors and journalists currently active in Cambodia were interviewed and observed in their working environment. Normative media theory and developmental democracy theory have been used to analyze and understand the material that was generated through a combination of unstructured observations and semi-structured qualitative research interviews. Important findings were that the complicated structures of transitional democracies make journalists take on different roles, from very collaborative to extremely radical. Their different stand on journalistic practices is a mixture of their own choice and the force of historical, political and social constraints. Political power players treat them differently, which further separates them and has led to a segregated journalistic community. Even though they seem to share the same fundamental ideal of what journalism should be journalists are therefor unlikely to cooperate. Social media has been a catalyst for change in democratic development in Cambodia. By offering a place for uncensored conversations it has given the opposition access to media. Social media has brought along many new dilemmas though and is probably more beneficial to journalistic development than to democratic development. There is a lack of tolerance of diversity in Cambodia due to the fragile state of democratic transition. Therefor the immediate and unrestricted ways of expression in social media partially works against creating the social capital necessary for consolidation – fully completed democratization.

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Su, Christine M. "Tradition and change Khmer identity and democracy in the 20th century and beyond /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765033521&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233339823&clientId=23440.

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TOUCH, Visalsok. "Agricultural Education in Cambodia." 名古屋大学農学国際教育協力研究センター, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8919.

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Woudstra, Victoria. ""Cambodia : three men in a boat" : peace in Cambodia and the Australian peace proposal /." Title page, contents and conclusion only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw938.pdf.

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York, Jordan. "Deported Khmer Americans| Surviving Cambodia." Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552431.

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In 2002, under pressure from the United States, the government of Cambodia reluctantly agreed to take in a limited number of individuals facing deportation from the only home they had ever really known back to their "homeland" about which they knew little to nothing. After escaping the horrors of the Khmer Rouge and beginning new lives as refugees in America, they would in time come to live their lives as Americans. Of those being deported, many have little if any connection to their "homeland," possess limited knowledge and understanding of Khmer cultural patterns and are not accepted as "true" Khmer by the society. This thesis examines how deportation has affected their lives and shaped their cultural identities. The research contributes to anthropological discourses on displacement, homelands, transnationalism and disaporic communities by suggesting that a new notion of "dual displacement" be used to conceptualize the events experienced by these Khmer Americans and their rejection by two countries. Dual displacement allows analysis of a situation where nostalgia is not for the "homeland" in the sense of birthplace or point of origin, but for the site of refuge from which they were then exiled.

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Haque, Md Mozammel. "Men, masculinities and social change : exploring Khmer masculinities and their implications for domestic violence." Thesis, Faculty of Education and Social Work, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17556.

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Marston, John. "Cambodia 1991-94 : hierarchy, neutrality and etiquettes of discourse /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6431.

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Dy, Sov Ann. "Importance of SME development in Cambodia." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595304.

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This research is concentrated mainly on Cambodian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are said to playa vital role in economic development and income growth in Cambodia, as they have been the primary source of job creation, not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. However, there are still considerable controversies over whether SMEs are more efficient than large enterprises (LEs) in contributing to economic development in Cambodia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of SMEs in development taking Cambodia as a case study. Three hypotheses are investigated to reveal SMEs' advantages relative to LEs: (1) SMEs are more labour-intensive than LEs and S"MEs provide more jobs for women than LEs; (2) SMEs are as productive as LEs or even more productive than LEs; and (3) srvms are more equitable in distributing the income they generate than LEs. Most of the previous researchers have provided empirical evidences to support the three hypotheses. In this study, however, srvms were found to possess many undesirable characteristics, including the uneconomic use of capital, the inequitable distribution of the income they generate, the low productivity of SMEs, especially in provincial areas, and employing less female labour. Thus, Cambodia experiences the low efficiency of SMEs' performance. This is due to the government's ability to implement an enabling environment for business remaining weak. In particular, the legal framework for supporting SME activity remains weak, infrastructure and communication in rural areas are poor, and labour productivity is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve SMEs in Cambodia, the government has to improve the efficiency of SMEs, implementation an action plan of the market-oriented framework for SME development, reduce the cost of doing business and related to bureaucratic red tape, improve the access to finance for SMEs, and improve market access for SMEs.

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Hukin, Eleanor. "Contraception in Cambodia : explaining unmet need." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/640/.

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This thesis aims to explain why there is a high level of unmet need for contraception in Cambodia - a country where effective methods of birth control are cheaply available and morally acceptable. The research design takes a mixed methods approach, initially using data from the Cambodian Demographic and Health Surveys of 2000 and 2005 to assess trends in contraceptive use. Multivariate logistic regression is used to analyse factors associated with, firstly, unmet need, and secondly, use of traditional contraceptive methods. The likelihood of having an unmet need for contraception increased as education and wealth levels decreased; urban or rural residence had no significant effect. However, the likelihood of using traditional methods, rather than modern methods, increased as education and wealth increased. Taking these findings and the questions they raise as a departure point, 21 months of ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in one urban and one rural site in Northwest Cambodia between 2008 and 2010. The study looks at women’s and men’s reproductive decision making with a focus on their experiences of and meanings given to contraception, situating these understandings within the broader social context. Fear of side effects, stemming from both contraceptive experiences and notions of health and the body, was found to be the greatest obstacle to use of modern contraceptives. This related more broadly to the pluralistic medical systems operating simultaneously and the varying levels of medicalization and trust in both biomedicine and the Cambodian health system. Behaviour that seemed counter-intuitive at the outset - not wanting to become pregnant but not using contraception, and wealthy educated women choosing traditional over modern methods – becomes understandable in light of the context and meanings highlighted by the ethnographic data. This thesis provides a unique empirical study which contributes to the emerging field of anthropological demography. By bringing approaches and methods from medical anthropology to the typically demographic phenomenon of unmet need, the study provides a new insight for social policies regarding reproductive health as well as contributing to the body of ethnographic literature on Cambodia.

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Books on the topic "Cambodia"

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Chan, Sucheng. Survivors: Cambodian refugees in the United States. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003.

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Jarvis, Helen. Cambodia. Oxford, England: Clio Press, 1997.

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(Firm), Lonely Planet Publications, ed. Cambodia. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2010.

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Greg, Bloom, ed. Cambodia. 8th ed. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2012.

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Sheehan, Sean. Cambodia. 2nd ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2007.

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Ray, Nick. Cambodia. 4th ed. Melbourne, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2002.

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Silva, Dayaneetha De. Cambodia. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2000.

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Sheehan, Sean. Cambodia. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1996.

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Ray, Nick. Cambodia. 6th ed. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2008.

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Robert, Green. Cambodia. San Diego, Calif: Lucent Books, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cambodia"

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Brown, I. "Prelims - Cambodia." In Cambodia, 1–3. UK and Ireland: Oxfam Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855986728.000.

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Brown, I. "1. Cambodia." In Cambodia, 4–88. UK and Ireland: Oxfam Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855986728.001.

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Taylor, Ann C. M. "Cambodia." In International Handbook of Universities, 122. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12912-6_24.

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Turner, Barry. "Cambodia." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 247–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_138.

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Turner, Barry. "Cambodia." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 248–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_138.

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Kenedi, Christopher A., and Kristen G. Shirey. "Cambodia." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 331–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_110.

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Bird, Eric. "Cambodia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, 1145–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_212.

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Turner, Barry. "Cambodia." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 259–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_193.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "Cambodia." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 260–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_195.

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Turner, Barry. "Cambodia." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 247–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_138.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cambodia"

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Ken, Panha. "The Interaction Between Culture and Nature In The Architecture of Eco-Cultural Tourism Development At Koh Kong Province, Cambodia." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002342.

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Along with the tremendous rise of Cambodia's construction sector, Cambodians, particularly those living in cities and rural tourism destinations today, embrace the rising influx of new architectural styles. This aspect has an impact on the value of Khmer architectural and urban aesthetics. Furthermore, the construction of buildings in rural tourist destinations in Cambodia has been considerably influenced by modern architectural features, such as the development of hotels, guesthouses, and resorts. This article's research on the construction of buildings in rural tourism resorts in the Kingdom of Cambodia reveals that the majority of these architectural structures are not motivated to incorporate or showcase Khmer architectural styles. Instead, it emphasizes modern and blended foreign styles that lead to a loss of national identity. Those resorts, on the other hand, do not follow the ideals of sustainable development, causing environmental damage and building structures that are unsuitable for Cambodia's tropical environment.Recognizing that tourism and architecture are inextricably linked and play a significant role in fostering Khmer identity through architectural inspiration in rural tourism as well as tourism promotion. Through field research and literature review, the tourism market in Cambodia will be strengthened as a result of the quick development and continual improvement of the country's tourism industry, while also promoting the effective growth and development of the national economy and allowing other aspects of the country to advance and develop. According to the Ministry of Tourism of the Kingdom of Cambodia's study, "The Planning of Tourism Development 2012 to 2020," which focused particularly on Cambodia's cultural and natural tourism resources. Furthermore, in terms of the Cambodian people's living choices, in recent years, individuals have been engaged in many types of commercial operations, particularly tourism activities, with a good momentum of development. Simultaneously with the continued development and promotion of tourist resorts and hotels, such as those in the Kingdom's sea areas, mountains, and rural regions, other cultural regions will be developed as tourism attractions.Currently, the number of tourists in Cambodia is significantly decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with an enthusiastic attitude, the Cambodian government aims to promote the development of local tour destinations for each district through creative tourism services in rural areas with the involvement of various partners including private sectors, foreign investors, and from all levels of the government institutions. Andung Tek commune in the Botum Sakor district is facing various problems such as deforestation and overdevelopment that have become more and more harmful to the environment and local people. The paper seeks to address these problems and come up with potential solutions to solve the problems. Additionally, to answer the problems, the project in this article also established long-term planning methods such as disaster prevention, human resource development, and promoting attractive advantage tourism. As a result, uses a housing model with a unique Khmer housing architectural style include interaction design objectives, and home structure and landscape design to promote sustainable development in the areas and to transform the area into an attractive tourist destination for both locals and foreigners.

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Islam, Md Monirul. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Business Performance of Logistics Firms in Cambodia." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/53-65.

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INTRODUCTION Cambodia’s exports of goods and services outpaced the country’s economic growth and outperformed global export growth over the past years. Exports of goods and services increased dramatically during the past years, from about US$4.2 billion in 2009 to US$14.7 billion in 2019 (O’Neill, 2021). The solid export growth resulted in improved livelihoods for Cambodian households. Trade is a medium for productivity led growth in a small economy like Cambodia. It gives companies access to wider markets and boosts foreign direct investment. But the COVID-19 pandemic had badly affected the freight forwarding services in Cambodia, and particularly logistics firms, which are involved in the movement, storage, and flow of goods, have been directly affected by the global pandemic. For Cambodia, there was no remarkable gains in freight transport in the early 2020. According to the Cambodia Freight Forwarders Association (CFFA), COVID-19 pandemic has seriously hurt Cambodian logistic providers, with 10-15 percent will soon be bankrupt (VietnamPlus, 2020). As stated by the president of CFFA, “the dramatic decrease in buying orders led the traffic of goods and product exports to drop about 70-80 percent. In addition, more than 100 logistics firms have been struggling to survive due to the financial hardship, with an estimated 60 percent fall in revenue” (VietnamPlus, 2020). Logistics companies connect firms to markets by providing many different services, including transportation, freight forwarding, warehousing and inventory management. They play an important role in global manufacturing, which is complex and multilocational. For example, Apple inc. uses the components from more than 200 supplicrs from many different countries (Ross, 2020). ‘L’oday’s global value chain requires uninterrupted flow of goods between and within the countries. These can be achieved by firms outsourcing their logistics functions to third-party logistics service providers.

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Wyatt, Zoe. "“I Am Not What Happened to Me, I Am What I Choose to Become” Walking the Journey with Cambodian Wounded Healers." In 7th International Conference on Spirituality and Psychology. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/icsp.2022.005.

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Abstract The term “wounded healer” was originally coined by psychologist Carl Jung (1951), who believed that individuals are compelled to treat clients because of the “wounds” they carry from their own earlier experiences. This paper will explore Jung’s wounded healer concept through a trauma-informed lens, situated within a Cambodian context. Findings presented in this paper emerged from a larger body of work on the study of trauma and resilience, which was conducted in Cambodia. Perspectives captured in the data arose from 40 participant interviews of two distinct groups: 26 trauma survivors (aged 18-30) who had been supported by non- government organisations (NGOs) in Cambodia and 14 key informants, made up of social workers and psychologist employed working in the field of child protection. It is through these unique perspectives on recovery from trauma and what may compel an individual to work in the human services sector (often with other trauma survivors) that is presented in this paper. Not all participants working in the NGOs disclosed direct trauma histories during the interview process. However, in the context of modern-day Cambodia and in the aftermath of the genocide, it would be unusual to find a Cambodian who has not been touched by trauma in some way. Key Words: Intergenerational trauma, Cambodia, Khmer Rouge, Wounded Healer, Meaning Making

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"Cambodia." In Innovation and Approaches to Vegetable Breeding Technology in Asia. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/jddd9692.

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Cecil, Catherine. "Cambodian Civic Participation and COVID-19." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/127-132.

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INTRODUCTION Throughout Cambodia, a myriad of organizations tackle diverse issues, experiencing firsthand the multifaceted challenges the COVID-19 pandemic unleashed. These challenges extended beyond health, severely impacting the economy and complicating efforts in civic engagement. Research from the Last-West Management Institute (EWMI) highlighted that the economic ramifications of the pandemic were particularly concerning for the Cambodian population. The pandemic’s restrictions hindered the gathering of citizens for democratic participation, posing a significant obstacle to civil society’s efforts toward fostering positive change. In response, civil society adapted by evaluating citizen concerns, prioritizing health issues, and engaging smaller groups in civic activities to maintain interest and participation among the populace. As Cambodia grapples with the consequences of COVID-19, the nation confronts significant economic, social, and health-related challenges. The crisis has not only precipitated economic hardships but has also made the promotion of civic participation more challenging, reflecting the intricate link between public health and democratic engagement. This context was underscored in discussions with representatives from major United Nations (UN) agencies, academia, and the business sector, emphasizing the importance of incorporating perspectives from Cambodia’s civil society. These dialogues serve as a crucial platform for sharing insights and strategies, underscoring the collective effort required to navigate the pandemic’s multifaceted impact on society.

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An, Sita, Renborey Nuon, and Tithynika Sorn. "The Impact of E-Learning during COVID-19 on Study Performance." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/151-165.

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INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has forced millions of students out of schools worldwide. The casc of Cambodia is not an exception to this situation. As the start of the Coronavirus in 2019 has caused public health awareness (Subedi et al., 2020), the spread of the virus raised concerns for schools and universitics to shut down. Countries in almost all regions around the world closed down their schools as a part of the preventive measures to control the virus. The virus has not only affected education but also socialization. As Cambodia has experienced the presence of the virus, the global pandemic has turned everything upside down; hence, its effect on Cambodia’s education sector is not surprising. Cambodia’s first confirmed case of COVID-19 occurred in late January 2020. With a second case in early March 2020 in Siem Reap province, home of the renowned temples of Angkor Wat, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS), in an abundance of caution, closed the schools until further notice. All of Cambodia’s 13,300 schools have been closed since March 16, 2020, leading many students to seek distance learning opportunities to continue their education. To respond to this crisis, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has been working closely with the MoEYS in Cambodia to establish continuous learning activities from carly childhood through to primary, lower, and upper secondary education. Distance learning assets, including videos and e-lessons, are being broadcast on various social media platforms, television and radio, aiming to reach every household in Cambodia. E-Learning is a type of learning or teaching platform that depends on electronic devices and technology instead of papers and classroom teaching. Thus, with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, students had to meet teachers online for learning.

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Beresford, Nick. "COVID-19: Economic and Social Impact Assessment in Cambodia." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/3-13.

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INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has taken immense tolls on societies and economies around the world, including through dramatic global impacts on trade, production and other economic activities. The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank and United Nations system have all estimated the high costs of COVID-19, but mainly at the regional level, such as for ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations). The UN Secretary General Report in April estimated a regional contraction of —0.1 percent in gross domestic product (GDP) for 2020 in South-East Asia, contrasting to the predicted 4.5 percent growth before the pandemic. UNDP Cambodia has undertaken a costing of socioeconomic impacts specific to Cambodia. Crucially, the crisis operates through both demand and supply channels. Cambodia is highly exposed as it relies on a narrow cconomic base built from garments, tourism, agriculture and construction. It has a highly open economy, where exports and imports are around 62 percent and 63 percent of GDP, respecively. Foreign direct investment is 11 percent of GDP. On the supply side, Cambodia is highly reliant on China for raw materials for its garment industry and as a source of tourists. On the demand side, China is an important export destination for agricultural products. Capital inflows from China are key to sectors such as construction. Cambodia’s higher value-added exports go mainly to Europe. COVID-19 effects will exacerbate the pre-existing loss of trade preferences from the partial suspension of the European Union’s Everything But Arms programme, starting in August 2020.

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Charman, Kenneth Paul. "Creating Shared Value in Cambodia." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/91-100.

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INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the initial findings of a survey of firms in Cambodia based on structured interview and questionnaire to explore the intentions of local firms in Cambodia to address social needs as part of their business model. Addressing social needs whilst simultancously making a profit is a practice that would be interpreted as creating shared value. The Cambodian firms were located and interviewed by students taking the course. This was the first time that this survey was carried out. The timing of the study was highly appropriate during the COVID-19 pandemic as the sudden downturn in economic activity combined with the pressure on public services to cope with the pandemic, not to mention the concerns of the population facing the spreading threat of COVID-19, has focused attention on social needs as well as business performance. Whereas prior to COVID-19 business performance would more likely be primarily be assessed in terms of growth, market share and profit margins, during and post COVID-19 the contribution of a firm’s activities to the social good has arguably become more of the focus of attention. What the firm is actually doing and how this contributes to the needs of the community it serves is now a question more likely to be asked, rather than whether the firm has simply been able to find a profitable niche and source of growth. This survey is based on the components of creating shared value which provide a framework and is intended to provide an indication as to whether firms in Cambodia consider that they are contributing to social needs. The survey has included many small firms, a few large international firms and covers a range of sectors. Many of the firms are young, having been established in the last one-to-five years. Most operate either within Phnom Penh and/or in the regions of Cambodia. The results indicate that there is a strong sense of social awareness amongst firms even if they were not aware of the shared value concepts. The majority of the firms had specific intentions to address social needs as part of their business and this was consistent over a wide range of sectors. The survey can be used as supportive data in the development of a comprehensive framework to measure shared value based on firms’ intentions to address social needs. The fact that this survey was carried out during 2020, the period of the COVID-19 pandemic is unlikely to have influenced firme strategies per se.

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Bodwell, Charles. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Cambodian Economy and the ILO’s Response." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/15-20.

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INTRODUCTION The rapid spread of COVID-19 has caused various problems and changes in our society. People are required to wear face masks when they go out and keep social distancing. There are temperature check points everywhere, and many countries are still restricting the immigration of foreigners to prevent entry of infected visitors. While those preventative measures are necessary, they are negatively affecting the Cambodian economy in various dimensions. The Cambodian economy heavily relies on tourism, garment, manufacturing and construction, which embed around 40 percent of paid employment and comprise 70 percent of the country’s GDP (World Bank, 2020). The tourism sector is one of the most severely affected industries as overseas tourists have stopped due to the border closure. Many restaurants and hotels have had to shut down, and surviving businesses are struggling to pay maintenance costs. However, the travel industry is now in gradual recovery. The Ministry of Tourism (MoT), Government of Cambodia reported that 1.44 million domestic tourists and 14,148 foreign tourists had travelled during the Khmer New Year Holiday (The Cambodia Daily, 2020), and the country is discussing the possibility to accept foreign tourists from the “travel bubble” with other ASEAN countries (The World Tourism Organization [UNWTO], 2020). The garment and manufacturing industries are other industries affected by COVID-19. The ILO states that 324 factories have had to suspend operations from 14 February to 9 June, which has affected 193,924 factory workers in Cambodia (International Labour Organization [ILO], 2020). The garment industry was originally expected to experience some downturn in 2020 due to the EU’s new sanction under “Everything but Arms (EBA)”, preferential duty free treatment. The COVID-19 crisis accelerated this downturn by disrupting global supply-chains and increasing factories’ costs to secure occupational safety and healthcare for employees.

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Sato, Motoyuki, and Kazunori Takahashi. "ALIS deployment in Cambodia." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by J. Thomas Broach and John H. Holloway. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.918516.

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Reports on the topic "Cambodia"

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Hing, Vutha, Shandre Thangavelu, and Ratha Kong. Technology, Innovation, and Firm Competitiveness: Firm Level Analysis in Cambodia. Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/biws9085.

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We examine the innovation and competitiveness of firms, especially with regard to the channels of technology transfer and the nature of innovation activities that influence firm performance in Cambodia's economy. Despite the growing importance of innovation, there has been no empirical analysis of the factors affecting technological and innovative development and the impact that these factors have on firms’ productivity in Cambodia. We use the World Bank Enterprise Survey for Cambodian enterprises for our empirical implementation. The results of the research indicate that overseas linkages that include both upstream and downstream activities could affect productivity growth at both firm and industry levels. We also find that technology and innovation have a positive impact on the productivity of firms in Cambodia.

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Ali, Tamlicha. Peace in Cambodia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207265.

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Avants, Jr, and Mervin T. Cambodia in Turmoil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177745.

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Novichkova, Tatiana. Political administrative map of Cambodia. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov and Alexandr Khropov. Entsiklopediya, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2016-02-11-3.

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Abdellatif, Omar S., and Ali Behbehani. Cambodia COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/khm0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Chandath, Him, Ing Chhay Por, Yim Raksmey, and Diane Archer. Air Pollution and Workers’ Health in Cambodia’s Garment Sector. Stockholm Environment Institute, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.017.

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The findings of this study can inform and enable policymakers in improving occupational air pollution, including addressing air pollution, pollution sources and other related issues in the garment manufacturing sector in Cambodia. Such interventions will help to uphold the health of workers as a human right, ensure safe workplaces, and also be beneficial for the country’s economic growth, as a healthy workforce is more productive. While the garment sector serves as Cambodia’s economic backbone and creates much-needed jobs, it is also a highly polluting industry, alongside being regularly implicated for not upholding labour rights. The sector emits pollutants to air from intensive energy use, solid and hazardous waste emissions, noise pollution and wastewater pollution discharge. Despite this, the sector’s environmental impacts in Cambodia, particularly in relation to air pollution, are not well known, and this gap was highlighted in the development of Cambodia’s 2021 Clean Air Plan. Aiming to fill this gap, in cooperation with SEI, the Air Quality and Noise Management Department of the General Directorate of Environmental Protection of Cambodia’s Ministry of Environment conducted a research project to improve understanding of air pollutant emissions from the textile industry and the health impacts on workers in Cambodia’s garment industry. The study drew on in-depth interviews with 323 garment factory workers across 16 factories, interviews with 16 factory owners, and quantitative data to better understand all interviewees’ experiences with occupational air pollution. While the research documented any symptoms related to air pollution, it did not employ medical research to assess the workers’ health status, nor did it attempt to investigate the cost or impact of air pollution on factory production. This policy briefing draws on a longer report prepared by the Ministry of Environment (Chandath, H., Chhay Por, I., Sokyimeng, S., Dana, S., Raksmey, Y. 2023. Understanding Air Pollution in the Garment Sector and Health Impacts on Workers: A Cambodian Case Study. Ministry of Environment, Cambodia. https://epa.moe.gov.kh/pages/categories/view/document-daqnm).

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Buerger, Frank M. Analysis of U.N. Peacekeeping in Cambodia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada283479.

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Brickel, Katherine, and Emma Greengrass. Investigating Domestic Violence Law in Cambodia. Institute of Development Studies and The Impact Initiative, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii340.

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Bird, Kate, Vidya Diwakar, Vathana Roth, Sophany San, Chanmony Sean, Andrew Shepherd, and Theavy Chhom. Cambodia Poverty Dynamics and Covid-19. Institute of Development Studies, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cpan.2023.012.

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This report tracks changes in poverty in Cambodia in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, Cambodia had achieved rapid poverty reduction. However, the pandemic and related public health measures undercut the very sources of poverty reduction. This study synthesises a quantitative analysis of pre-pandemic panel household survey data, with household surveys and qualitative research conducted at three sites during the pandemic (January and February 2022) to assess its socioeconomic impacts. The report also draws out the policy implications of the research findings.

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Accius, Jean, Justin Ladner, and Staci Alexander. Global Longevity Economy Outlook: Cambodia Infographic. Washington, DC: AARP Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/int.00052.011.

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