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Journal articles on the topic 'CAM'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Picone, Carmela M., James C. Grotta, Rosa Earls, Roger Strong, and John Dedman. "Immunohistochemical Determination of Calcium—Calmodulin Binding Predicts Neuronal Damage after Global Ischemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 6 (December 1989): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.114.

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Since ionic Ca2+ binds with intracellular calmodulin (CaM) before activating proteases, kinases, and phospholipases, demonstration of persistent Ca2+ –CaM binding in neurons destined to show ischemic cellular injury would support the concept that elevated intracellular Ca2+ plays a causative role in ischemic neuronal damage. In order to characterize Ca2+ –CaM binding, we used a sheep anti-CaM antibody (CaM-Ab) which recognizes CaM that is not bound to Ca2+ or brain target proteins. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining of brain sections by labeled CaM-Ab represented only unbound CaM. Six normal rats were compared to 15 animals rendered ischemic for 30 min by a modification of the four-vessel occlusion model. Animals were killed immediately after ischemia, and after 2 and 24 h of reperfusion. Brain sections through hippocampus were incubated in CaM-Ab, and a diaminobenzadiene labeled anti-sheep secondary antibody was added to stain the CaM-Ab. Staining in the endal limb of dentate, dorsal CA1, lateral CA3, and parietal cortex was graded on a 4-point scale. All normal animals had grade 4 staining indicating the presence of unbound CaM in all four brain regions. Ischemic animals demonstrated reduced (grade 0 to 2) staining in the CA1 and CA3 regions immediately and 2 and 24 h after ischemia (p < 0.01 for both regions at all three time intervals) indicating persistent binding of CaM with Ca2+ and target proteins in these regions. Staining decreased in dentate and cortex up to 2 h after ischemia (p = 0.02 for both regions) but returned toward normal by 24 h. We conclude that while most brain regions demonstrate increased Ca2+ –CaM binding immediately after ischemia, this binding returns to normal in brain regions destined to recover, such as cortex and dentate, but persists beyond 24 h in selectively vulnerable CA1 and partially vulnerable CA3, which are destined to undergo irreversible damage. These findings support the hypothesis that calcium entry into neurons and consequent persistent activation of Ca2+ -dependent enzyme systems leads to irreversible cell damage.

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2

Babu, Numbury Surendra, and Didugu Jayaprakash. "Computational Study of the Stability of Tautomers and equilibrium constants of Cyanuric acid (CA) in Different solvents." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 3485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i2.6691.

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In the present investigation, the tautomeric and equilibrium of Cyanuric acid has been studied using Hartifock (HF) method in the gas phase and different solvents using the PCM model. The relative energies of these tautomers have been calculated at the HF level of theory using 6-311++ G (d,p) basis set. Energetics and relative stabilities of the tautomers were compared and analyzed in both the gaseous and different solvents. The results indicate that the keto tautomer (CA1) is the most stable form in the gas phase and other solvents. The order of stability of isomers was found to be CA1 > CA3> CA11> CA2> CA6> CA10> CA7> CA4> CA5> CA9>CA8. Having the largest dipole moment the CA8 tautomer is expected to have the strongest interaction with polar solvents. The HF method calculated tautomeric equilibrium constants with respect to the most stable tautomer CA1 of Cyanuric acid both in the gas and in different solvents. The of the equilibrium constants calculated starting from the general outline of interconversion.

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3

Ge, Zheng Hao, Wei Huang, Wei Hua Liu, and Zhi Heng Zhai. "CAD/CAM/CAE for the Parallel Indexing Cam Mechanisms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.475.

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This paper takes the parallel indexing cam mechanism as research object and analyzes the formation of the profile of cam. On the basis of Visual C++6.0 object-oriented method, we have successfully developed the CAD/CAE/CAM system of parallel indexing cam mechanisms, which provides the parameter input dialogue frame with friendly interface. We can generate accurate profile data by using it, then create the three-dimensional model of the parallel indexing cam and assemble it with other parts under the Pro/E environment. At last, we don’t build virtual prototype until we transform the model into ADAMS through special interface Mechanism/Pro. Finally, this paper has researched the theory of contact and collision, carries out the motion simulation. We have received many valuable conclusions of practical application through all of the process.

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4

RUBANKA, Mykola, Volodymyr DVORZHAK, Zhyhad ZHLALI, YURYJ SHCHERBAN, and VOLODYMYR ONOFRIICHUK. "FEATURES OF THE USE OF MODERN AUTOMATED PROJECTING SYSTEMS OF MACHINE-BUILDING INDUSTRIES." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 329, no. 6 (December 30, 2023): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-329-6-38-43.

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The purpose of the study covered in this publication is to analyze the features of the use of modern automated projecting systems, in particular CAD/CAM/CAE technologies from the point of view of the feasibility of introducing into the technological process of manufacturing products of a machine-building enterprise. The most popular specialized integrated CAD/CAM/CAE systems of the highest category for solving design and technological problems of varying complexity are listed, the features of their use are revealed, the main advantages and disadvantages and the most significant functionality are outlined. The research used a set of general scientific approaches: visual-analytical, systematization of information, modern methods of research of mechanical systems, analysis of scientific literature and method of classification. The most important factors that directly affect the technological process of creating quality products of a modern enterprise of the machine-building industry are highlighted. The choice of the integrated cloud software platform CAD/CAM/CAE Autodesk Fusion 360 for three-dimensional modeling of machine-building industries is substantiated. Certain recommendations have been formulated for the effective use of the CAD/CAM/CAE Autodesk Fusion 360 automated projecting system in the technological processes of the engineering industry. The main specialized modules of the CAD/CAM/CAE Autodesk Fusion 360 computer-aided system are considered to solve complex problems of varying complexity. It is established that the use of modern CAD/CAM/CAE technologies can significantly reduce the complexity of technological processes of manufacturing products of machine-building industries. The scientific novelty of the performed researches is the development of engineering methods of designing a modern high-tech machine-building complex with the use of integrated CAD/CAM/CAE systems.

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5

Babcock, Donner F., James Herrington, Paul C. Goodwin, Young Bae Park, and Bertil Hille. "Mitochondrial Participation in the Intracellular Ca2+ Network." Journal of Cell Biology 136, no. 4 (February 24, 1997): 833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.833.

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Calcium can activate mitochondrial metabolism, and the possibility that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and extrusion modulate free cytosolic [Ca2+] (Cac) now has renewed interest. We use whole-cell and perforated patch clamp methods together with rapid local perfusion to introduce probes and inhibitors to rat chromaffin cells, to evoke Ca2+ entry, and to monitor Ca2+-activated currents that report near-surface [Ca2+]. We show that rapid recovery from elevations of Cac requires both the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and the mitochondrial energization that drives Ca2+ uptake through it. Applying imaging and single-cell photometric methods, we find that the probe rhod-2 selectively localizes to mitochondria and uses its responses to quantify mitochondrial free [Ca2+] (Cam). The indicated resting Cam of 100–200 nM is similar to the resting Cac reported by the probes indo-1 and Calcium Green, or its dextran conjugate in the cytoplasm. Simultaneous monitoring of Cam and Cac at high temporal resolution shows that, although Cam increases less than Cac, mitochondrial sequestration of Ca2+ is fast and has high capacity. We find that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake limits the rise and underlies the rapid decay of Cac excursions produced by Ca2+ entry or by mobilization of reticular stores. We also find that subsequent export of Ca2+ from mitochondria, seen as declining Cam, prolongs complete Cac recovery and that suppressing export of Ca2+, by inhibition of the mitochondrial Na+/ Ca2+ exchanger, reversibly hastens final recovery of Cac. We conclude that mitochondria are active participants in cellular Ca2+ signaling, whose unique role is determined by their ability to rapidly accumulate and then release large quantities of Ca2+.

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6

Kubota, Yoshihisa, John A. Putkey, Harel Z. Shouval, and M. Neal Waxham. "IQ-Motif Proteins Influence Intracellular Free Ca2+ in Hippocampal Neurons Through Their Interactions With Calmodulin." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00876.2007.

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Calmodulin (CaM) is most recognized for its role in activating Ca2+–CaM-dependent enzymes following increased intracellular Ca2+. However, CaM's high intracellular concentration indicates CaM has the potential to play a significant role as a Ca2+ buffer. Neurogranin (Ng) is a small neuronal IQ-motif–containing protein that accelerates Ca2+ dissociation from CaM. In cells that contain high concentrations of both Ng and CaM, like CA1 pyramidal neurons, we hypothesize that the accelerated Ca2+ dissociation from CaM by Ng decreases the buffering capacity of CaM and thereby shapes the transient dynamics of intracellular free Ca2+. We examined this hypothesis using a mathematical model constructed on the known biochemistry of Ng and confirmed the simulation results with Ca2+ imaging data in the literature. In a single-compartment model that contains no Ca2+ extrusion mechanism, Ng increased the steady-state free Ca2+. However, in the presence of a Ca2+ extrusion mechanism, Ng accelerated the decay rate of free Ca2+ through its ability to increase the Ca2+ dissociation from CaM, which in turn becomes subject to Ca2+ extrusion. Interestingly, PEP-19, another neuronal IQ-motif protein that accelerates both Ca2+ association and dissociation from CaM, appears to have the opposite impact than that of Ng on free Ca2+. As such, Ng may regulate, in addition to the Ca2+–CaM-dependent process, Ca2+-sensitive enzymes by influencing the buffering capacity of CaM and subsequently free Ca2+ levels. We examined the relative impact of these Ng-induced effects in the induction of synaptic plasticity.

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7

Todorovic, Aleksandar, and Vojkan Lazic. "Computer aided design and manufacturing of dental restorations - “computerized impression” technology." Serbian Dental Journal 53, no. 1 (2006): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0601042t.

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CAD/CAM technology (Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing) in the matter of fact helps in design and development of two-dimensional or three-dimensional models and their realization on numerical controlled machines. The key to direct or indirect CAD/CAM dental restorations is the measurement of dental preparation in the mouth or on the plaster die. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibilities and the way of function of different computer aided inspection (CAI) systems as a first part of CAD/CAM systems. Different researchers have presented several approaches of methods for three dimensional (3D) measurement. Today, for chairside dental treatment, only the optical method of measurement has lead to satisfactory results in practice. Laboratory CAD/CAM systems use mechanical and optical technologies for 3D measurement. Optical impression grows as a leader of CAI segment of almost every new CAD/CAM system. The most important properties of 3D scanners are: accuracy, volume and speed of measurement and ergonomy of instrument. .

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8

Rojas Lazo, Oswaldo, and Julio Salas Bacalla. "PRODUCCIÓN AUTOMATIZADA SISTEMAS CAD/CAE/CAM." Industrial Data 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2014): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/idata.v2i1.6469.

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<span>El presente artículo muestra los resultados de la investigación realizada por los autores sobre el tema y proponen la creación de un laboratorio de producción automatizada con tres áreas definidas: Confecciones, Calzado y Control Numérico.</span>

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9

Kyratsis, Panagiotis, Konstantinos Kakoulis, and Angelos P. Markopoulos. "Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies." Machines 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8010013.

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10

KASE, Kiwamu. "An Introduction of Outline of CAD/CAE/CAM/CAT (1)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 79, no. 2 (2013): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.144.

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11

KASE, Kiwamu. "An Introduction of Outline of CAD/CAE/CAM/CAT (2)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 79, no. 3 (2013): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.223.

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12

KASE, Kiwamu. "An Introduction of Outline of CAD/CAE/CAM/CAT (3)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 79, no. 4 (2013): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.309.

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13

Iadarola, Paul. "CAD-CAM." Journal of the American Dental Association 125, no. 8 (August 1994): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1994.0126.

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14

Haselden, Geoffrey. "CAD/CAM." International Journal of Refrigeration 10, no. 3 (May 1987): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(87)90001-6.

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15

Doorner, Mike. "CAD/CAM." Design Studies 7, no. 1 (January 1986): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(86)90012-8.

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16

Wang, J. H., and P. T. Kelly. "Regulation of synaptic facilitation by postsynaptic Ca2+/CaM pathways in hippocampal CA1 neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.276.

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1. Current- and voltage-clamp recordings with simultaneous field potential recordings were used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to synaptic facilitation at CA1 synapses in rat hippocampal slices. Microelectrodes used for intracellular recordings were also used to inject modulators of intracellular signal pathways into postsynaptic CA1 neurons. 2. Paired-pulse stimulation at constant stimulus intensity was used to analyze the relationship between the first evoked response (R1) and the absolute value of paired-pulse synaptic facilitation (R2-R1). The magnitudes of these two measures were inversely correlated. Compared with synapses that control motor functions, the synapses of CA1 pyramidal neurons did not exhibit accumulative synaptic facilitation during repetitive stimulation, which is often believed to be mediated by presynaptic residual Ca2+. 3. During studies on the cellular location of mechanisms contributing to synaptic facilitation, we observed that postsynaptic injections of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid or [Ala286]CaMKII281-302 [a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) inhibitor peptide] prevented the decreases in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and synaptic potentiation induced by elevating extracellular Ca2+. These results show that raising extracellular Ca2+ enhances synaptic transmission in part by activating postsynaptic Ca2+ signal pathways. 4. The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission. The changes in PPF induced by postsynaptic injections of Ca2+/CaM were inversely correlated with R1 potentiation. 5. The decreases in PPF induced by postsynaptic Ca2+/CaM injections were prevented by coinjecting pseudosubstrate inhibitors or substrate peptides of CaM-KII and protein kinase C (PKC), and were reversed by subsequent application of cyclothiazide (a blocker of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptor desensitization). 6. Our results reveal that postsynaptic Ca2+/CaM signal pathways can modulate synaptic facilitation in the CNS, and the activities of CaM-KII and PKC are involved in this modulation. The physiological significance of such modulation is that synaptic strength could be potentiated by activation of Ca2+/CaM pathways during integration of important sensory input (e.g., learning and memory), whereas decreases in synaptic facilitation may protect synaptic transmission during extreme stimulation so that neuronal signal mechanisms can more accurately code neural information.

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17

Ali, Nur Shidaa Mohd, Abu Bakar Salleh, Thean Chor Leow, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman, and Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali. "The Influence of Calcium toward Order/Disorder Conformation of Repeat-in-Toxin (RTX) Structure of Family I.3 Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens AMS8." Toxins 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090579.

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Calcium-binding plays a decisive role in the folding and stabilization of many RTX proteins, especially for the RTX domain. Although many studies have been conducted to prove the contribution of Ca2+ ion toward the folding and stabilization of RTX proteins, its functional dynamics and conformational structural changes remain elusive. Here, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to analyze the contribution of Ca2+ ion toward the folding and stabilization of the RTX lipase (AMS8 lipase) structure. AMS8 lipase contains six Ca2+ ions (Ca1–Ca6). Three Ca2+ ions (Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5) were bound to the RTX parallel β-roll motif repeat structure (RTX domain). The metal ion (Ca2+) docking analysis gives a high binding energy, especially for Ca4 and Ca5 which are tightly bound to the RTX domain. The function of each Ca2+ ion is further analyzed using the MD simulation. The removal of Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5 caused the AMS8 lipase structure to become unstable and unfolded. The results suggested that Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5 stabilized the RTX domain. In conclusion, Ca3, Ca4, and Ca5 play a crucial role in the folding and stabilization of the RTX domain, which sustain the integrity of the overall AMS8 lipase structure.

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18

Wang, L. S., F. Wei, and H. Wang. "Based on the Target Track Cam Design Method and Numerical Solution Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.463.

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In this paper, a new design method of cam is developed .To illustrate this method,a car which adopts cam mechanism to achieve specific movements is designed. By establishing the relationship between the point coordinates of cam profile and the track through the relevant mathematical models, and using the infinitesimal elements method to solve the models, the discrete points coordinates of the cam profile are obtained. The displacement, velocity and acceleration of the direction arm are simulated by Pro/E. the accurate trace of cam profile can be obtained by the method. To make the CAD/CAE/CAM integrated design of cam is reasonable.

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19

Haswendra, Aditya Reza. "AN OVERVIEW OF LAN/WLAN IN CAD/CAM/CAE APPLICATIONS." Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jmse.v7i1.35.

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Computer network is an interface of two or more computers that is built for the purpose of sharing, information, data, and resources. Computer network has nodes that serve as the origin, route, and receiver of data. Computer network is built using a combination of hardware and software. LANs and WLANs are the most common form of computer network and they are used intensively and extensively in CAD/CAM/CAE applications. This review talks about the latest implementation of LANs/WLANs in CAD/CAM/CAE applications, their limitations, and consideration for their usage. There are four aspects that a LAN/WLAN system must fulfill which are Fast, Expandable, Reliable, and Secure. LAN and WLAN including their many standards each has different properties which influence their implementation in CAD/CAM/CAE applications.

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20

Prabhu, N., M. Dev Anand, and V. Sundar. "Integrated CAD/CAE/CAM System for Scorbot-ER Vu Plus Industrial Robot Manipulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.747.

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Robots are required to operate in different environmental conditions facing varieties of end-effector to perform the workspace interactions. This paper deals with integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system for SCORBOT-ER Vu plus Industrial robot manipulator. The DH (DenavitHartenberg) coordinate transformation method was used to perform the robot position analysis. The robot manipulator parametric solid models were constructed using Pro/ENGINEER (Pro/E). Pro/Mechanica was used to simulate the dynamic simulation and working space, CATIA was used to implement the cutting simulation, and the prototype was manufactured using a CNC milling machine. Finally, a CAD/CAE/CAM integrated system for a robot manipulator was developed. This integrated system not only promotes automation capabilities for robot manipulator production, but also simplifies the CAD/CAE/CAM process for a robot manipulator.

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21

Gambassi, G., R. G. Hansford, S. J. Sollott, B. A. Hogue, E. G. Lakatta, and M. C. Capogrossi. "Effects of acidosis on resting cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ in mammalian myocardium." Journal of General Physiology 102, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 575–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.102.3.575.

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Acidosis increases resting cytosolic [Ca2+], (Cai) of myocardial preparations; however, neither the Ca2+ sources for the increase in Cai nor the effect of acidosis on mitochondrial free [Ca2+], (Cam) have been characterized. In this study cytosolic pH (pHi) was monitored in adult rat left ventricular myocytes loaded with the acetoxymethyl ester (AM form) of SNARF-1. A stable decrease in the pHi of 0.52 +/- 0.05 U (n = 16) was obtained by switching from a bicarbonate buffer equilibrated with 5% CO2 to a buffer equilibrated with 20% CO2. Electrical stimulation at either 0.5 or 1.5 Hz had no effect on pHi in 5% CO2, nor did it affect the magnitude of pHi decrease in response to hypercarbic acidosis. Cai was measured in myocytes loaded with indo-1/free acid and Cam was monitored in cells loaded with indo-1/AM after quenching cytosolic indo-1 fluorescence with MnCl2. In quiescent intact myocytes bathed in 1.5 mM [Ca2+], hypercarbia increased Cai from 130 +/- 5 to 221 +/- 13 nM. However, when acidosis was effected in electrically stimulated myocytes, diastolic Cai increased more than resting Cai in quiescent myocytes, and during pacing at 1.5 Hz diastolic Cai was higher (285 +/- 17 nM) than at 0.5 Hz (245 +/- 18 nM; P < 0.05). The magnitude of Cai increase in quiescent myocytes was not affected either by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ depletion with ryanodine or by SR Ca2+ depletion and concomitant superfusion with a Ca(2+)-free buffer. In unstimulated intact myocytes hypercarbia increased Cam from 95 +/- 12 to 147 +/- 19 nM and this response was not modified either by ryanodine and a Ca(2+)-free buffer or by 50 microM ruthenium red in order to block the mitochondrial uniporter. In mitochondrial suspensions loaded either with BCECF/AM or indo-1/AM, acidosis produced by lactic acid addition decreased both intra- and extramitochondrial pH and increased Cam. Studies of mitochondrial suspensions bathed in indo-1/free acid-containing solution showed an increase in extramitochondrial Ca2+ after the addition of lactic acid. Thus, in quiescent myocytes, cytoplasmic and intramitochondrial buffers, rather than transsarcolemmal Ca2+ influx or SR Ca2+ release, are the likely Ca2+ sources for the increase in Cai and Cam, respectively; additionally, Ca2+ efflux from the mitochondria may contribute to the raise in Cai. In contrast, in response to acidosis, diastolic Cai in electrically stimulated myocytes increases more than resting Cai in quiescent cells; this suggests that during pacing, net cell Ca2+ gain contributes to enhance diastolic Cai.

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22

GAO, Sande, and Atsushi KATO. "3209 Research on CAD/CAE/CAM for a Die Cast." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2007.17 (2007): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2007.17.311.

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23

Kuang, Wei Hua, and Li Si Chen. "Virtual Product Development and Reliability Design of Camera Cover." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.40.

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The paper finished the design of injection molding by UG MoldWizard module, and realized numerical simulation and analysis of injection process by MoldFlow software. Best gate location was obtained. Fill time was deeply studied. Though the mold designing process, it completed the CAD/CAM/CAE integration of the injection molding, and achieved the optimal design of the mold. NC machining of the mold core was programmed by UG NX software. CAD/CAM/CAE greatly improved the development efficient of the mold.

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24

Szymanski, Pawel T., Grazyna Szymanska, and Raj K. Goyal. "Differences in calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in phasic and tonic smooth muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 282, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): C94—C104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00257.2001.

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To determine whether densities of calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-binding proteins are related to phasic and tonic behavior of smooth muscles, we quantified these proteins in the opossum esophageal body (EB) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which represent phasic and tonic smooth muscles, respectively. Gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and hemagglutinin epitope-tagged CaM (HA-CaM) overlay assay with quantitative scanning densitometry and phosphorylation measurements were used. Total protein content in the two smooth muscles was similar (∼30 mg protein/g frozen tissue). Total tissue concentration of CaM was significantly (25%) higher in EB than in LES ( P < 0.05). HA-CaM-binding proteins were qualitatively similar in LES and EB extracts. Myosin, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein, Ca2+/CaM kinase II, and calponin contents were also similar in the two muscles. However, content and total activity of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and content of caldesmon (CaD) were three- to fourfold higher in EB than in LES. Increased CaM and MLCK content may allow for a wide range of contractile force varying from complete relaxation in the basal state to a large-amplitude, high-velocity contraction in EB phasic muscle. Increased content of CaD, which provides a braking mechanism on contraction, may further contribute to the phasic contractile behavior. In contrast, low CaM, MLCK, and CaD content may be responsible for a small range of contractile force seen in tonic muscle of LES.

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Shen, Mei, Ning Zhang, Sanduo Zheng, Wen-Bo Zhang, Hai-Man Zhang, Zekuan Lu, Qian Peter Su, Yujie Sun, Keqiong Ye, and Xiang-dong Li. "Calmodulin in complex with the first IQ motif of myosin-5a functions as an intact calcium sensor." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 40 (September 19, 2016): E5812—E5820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607702113.

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The motor function of vertebrate myosin-5a is inhibited by its tail in a Ca2+-dependent manner. We previously demonstrated that the calmodulin (CaM) bound to the first isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) motif (IQ1) of myosin-5a is responsible for the Ca2+-dependent regulation of myosin-5a. We have solved the crystal structure of a truncated myosin-5a containing the motor domain and IQ1 (MD-IQ1) complexed with Ca2+-bound CaM (Ca2+-CaM) at 2.5-Å resolution. Compared with the structure of the MD-IQ1 complexed with essential light chain (an equivalent of apo-CaM), MD-IQ1/Ca2+-CaM displays large conformational differences in IQ1/CaM and little difference in the motor domain. In the MD-IQ1/Ca2+-CaM structure, the N-lobe and the C-lobe of Ca2+-CaM adopt an open conformation and grip the C-terminal and the N-terminal portions of the IQ1, respectively. Remarkably, the interlobe linker of CaM in IQ1/Ca2+-CaM is in a position opposite that in IQ1/apo-CaM, suggesting that CaM flip-flops relative to the IQ1 during the Ca2+ transition. We demonstrated that CaM continuously associates with the IQ1 during the Ca2+ transition and that the binding of CaM to IQ1 increases Ca2+ affinity and substantially changes the kinetics of the Ca2+ transition, suggesting that the IQ1/CaM complex functions as an intact Ca2+ sensor responding to distinct calcium signals.

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26

Duret, Francois. "Dental CAD/CAM." Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 6 (June 1992): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0197.

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27

Isenberg, Barry P. "CAD-CAM Comments." Journal of the American Dental Association 124, no. 5 (May 1993): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1993.0115.

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28

Mahmud, A., and P. Patel. "Let's CAD/CAM." British Dental Journal 228, no. 2 (January 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1212-8.

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29

Ghosh, S. K. "CAD/CAM dictionary." Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 18, no. 3 (March 1989): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(89)90094-6.

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World Dental Federation, FDI. "CAD/CAM Dentistry." International Dental Journal 68, no. 1 (February 2018): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/idj.12373.

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Arnetzl, G., and G. V. Arnetzl. "CAD/CAM-Systeme." Stomatologie 110, no. 3 (May 2013): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00715-013-0229-x.

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Jin, Zhi Gang, Wu Ji Jiang, and Min Xia Yu. "Design and Manufacturing of Air Conditioner Panel Hot Runner Injection Mold Based on CAD/CAE/CAM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.68.

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Take air conditioner panel for example, it is introduced that the whole process of hot runner injection mold design and manufacture based on CAD/CAE/CAM technology. The panel structure and injection process were analyzed using HuaSu CAE software, then the panel structure was designed using UG/Mold Wizard software, the NC programming and manufacture simulating of the formed parts were done by UG/MACHINE module at last. Compared with the traditional mold design method, CAD/CAE/CAM technology not only can improve the efficiency, shorten production period, but also can reduce the cost of mold design and manufacture greatly.

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Sukarno, Ragil, I. Wayan Sugita, and Eko Arif Syaefudin. "PELATIHAN DASAR-DASAR CAD/CAM/CAE DAN SOFTWARE AUTOCAD UNTUK GURU-GURU SMK BIDANG KEAHLIAN TEKNIK MESIN DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN BEKASI." Sarwahita 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2014): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita.112.10.

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Di dunia industri, proses desain sebuah produk tidak lagi menggunakan cara-cara yang konvensional, akan tetapi menggunakan sebuah sarana komputer melalui sebuah software desain dan optimasi yang biasa disebut dengan istilah CAD/CAM/CAE. Namun, seiring dengan tantangan persaingan global yang sudah didepan mata, masih banyak guru-guru SMK terutama di wilayah Kecamatan Tarumajaya dan sekitarnya di Kabupaten Bekasi yang belum mumpuni dalam penguasaan teknologi informasi atau teknologi komputer di bidang desain dan analisa. Tujuan dari kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan baru kepada guru teknik mesin di wilayah Kabupaten Bekasi, khususnya SMK di Tarumajaya dan sekitarnya melalui pengenalan teknologi CAD/CAM/CAE dan pelatihan AutoCAD, sehingga bisa menjadi alternatif proses desain dan perancangan produk dari metode konvensional ke metode komputerisasi. Metode yang digunakan pada pelatihan ini adalah melalui teori, praktek dan diskusi serta memberikan tugas kepada peserta agar langsung mempraktekan materi yang telah disampaikan. Materi yang diberikan dalam pelatihan adalah pengenalan dasar-dasar CAD/CAM/CAE dan menggambar objek 2 dimensi dan 3 dimensi dengan menggunakan software AutoCAD. Program pelatihan ini dapat diselenggarakan dengan baik dan berjalan dengan lancar sesuai dengan rencana kegiatan yang telah disusun serta mendapat sambutan yang sangat baik terbukti dengan keaktifan peserta mengikuti pelatihan dengan tidak meninggalkan tempat sebelum waktu pelatihan berakhir. Terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang konsep perancangan produk melalui pengenalan dasar-dasar CAD/CAM/CAE dan peningkatan kemampuan dan motivasi dalam mendalami desain dengan software CAD, khususnya AutoCAD. Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi guru-guru SMK bidang keahlian teknik mesin di wilayah kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat

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Katoh, Hiroshi. "Simulation Advancement in Automotive Development: A Brief Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.22.

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The automotive development process is advancing through the utilization of CAD/CAM/CAE. This advancement is being enhanced by proper utilization of CAD/CAM integration, Digital prototyping and Digital mock-up. Until recently, CAD has played the leading role for the digitalization of automotive development. However, recent trend shows that, the leading role is shifted from CAD to analysis simulation. Three-dimensional design, which utilizes digital mock-up, is becoming the main tool for product design. Here, the functional capability and predictive assessment by CAE is the core technology. In addition, this supporting role is helping to realize the concurrent engineering in production engineering field.

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Brohus, Malene, Mads T. Søndergaard, Sui Rong Wayne Chen, Filip van Petegem, and Michael T. Overgaard. "Ca2+-dependent calmodulin binding to cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) calmodulin-binding domains." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20180545.

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Abstract The Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) regulates cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2)-mediated Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. CaM inhibits RyR2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner and aberrant CaM-dependent inhibition results in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. However, the molecular details of the CaM–RyR2 interaction remain unclear. Four CaM-binding domains (CaMBD1a, -1b, -2, and -3) in RyR2 have been proposed. Here, we investigated the Ca2+-dependent interactions between CaM and these CaMBDs by monitoring changes in the fluorescence anisotropy of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labeled CaMBD peptides during titration with CaM at a wide range of Ca2+ concentrations. We showed that CaM bound to all four CaMBDs with affinities that increased with Ca2+ concentration. CaM bound to CaMBD2 and -3 with high affinities across all Ca2+ concentrations tested, but bound to CaMBD1a and -1b only at Ca2+ concentrations above 0.2 µM. Binding experiments using individual CaM domains revealed that the CaM C-domain preferentially bound to CaMBD2, and the N-domain to CaMBD3. Moreover, the Ca2+ affinity of the CaM C-domain in complex with CaMBD2 or -3 was so high that these complexes are essentially Ca2+ saturated under resting Ca2+ conditions. Conversely, the N-domain senses Ca2+ exactly in the transition from resting to activating Ca2+ when complexed to either CaMBD2 or -3. Altogether, our results support a binding model where the CaM C-domain is anchored to RyR2 CaMBD2 and saturated with Ca2+ during Ca2+ oscillations, while the CaM N-domain functions as a dynamic Ca2+ sensor that can bridge noncontiguous regions of RyR2 or clamp down onto CaMBD2.

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Chee Kai, Chua, and Robert Gay. "CAD/CAM/CAE for ring design and manufacture." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (1991): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1991.0003.

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Yuan Zhongshuang, Li Dequn, Chen Xing, Ye Xiangao, Gao Xianke, and Xiao Jingrong. "Integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system for injection moulding." Computing & Control Engineering Journal 4, no. 6 (1993): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:19930062.

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KADOTA, Kazuo. "CAE Analysis using CAD/CAM Design Software “Fusion360”." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): J2010101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.j2010101.

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HASHIGUCHI, Junichi. "Sample of CAD/CAM/CAE in Injection Mold." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 77, no. 7 (2011): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.77.644.

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Benkowski, Bob. "CAD/CAM/CAE in the Medical Engineering Lab." Artificial Organs 19, no. 3 (March 1995): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02312.x.

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"CAD/CAM/ CAE bugs." Smart Materials Bulletin 2002, no. 7 (July 2002): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-3918(02)00705-0.

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Thines, Louise, Hyunbum Jang, Zhigang Li, Samar Sayedyahossein, Ryan Maloney, Ruth Nussinov, and David B. Sacks. "Disruption of Ca²⁺/calmodulin:KSR1 interaction lowers ERK activation." Protein Science 33, no. 5 (April 9, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.4982.

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AbstractKSR1, a key scaffold protein for the MAPK pathway, facilitates ERK activation upon growth factor stimulation. We recently demonstrated that KSR1 binds the Ca2+‐binding protein calmodulin (CaM), thereby providing an intersection between KSR1‐mediated and Ca2+ signaling. In this study, we set out to generate a KSR1 point mutant with reduced Ca2+/CaM binding in order to unravel the functional implications of their interaction. To do so, we solved the structural determinants of complex formation. Using purified fragments of KSR1, we showed that Ca2+/CaM binds to the CA3 domain of KSR1. We then used in silico molecular modeling to predict contact residues for binding. This approach identified two possible modes of interaction: (1) binding of extended Ca2+/CaM to a globular conformation of KSR1‐CA3 via electrostatic interactions or (2) binding of collapsed Ca2+/CaM to α‐helical KSR1‐CA3 via hydrophobic interactions. Experimentally, site‐directed mutagenesis of the predicted contact residues for the two binding models favored that where collapsed Ca2+/CaM binds to the α‐helical conformation of KSR1‐CA3. Importantly, replacing KSR1‐Phe355 with Asp reduces Ca2+/CaM binding by 76%. The KSR1‐F355D mutation also significantly impairs the ability of EGF to activate ERK, which reveals that Ca2+/CaM binding promotes KSR1‐mediated MAPK signaling. This work, by uncovering structural insight into the binding of KSR1 to Ca2+/CaM, identifies a KSR1 single‐point mutant as a bioreagent to selectively study the crosstalk between Ca2+ and KSR1‐mediated signaling.

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"CAD/CAM/CAE [Product News]." IEEE Computational Science and Engineering 2, no. 3 (1995): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcse.1995.414898.

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"CAD/CAM/CAE and PDM software." Materials & Design 17, no. 4 (January 1996): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3069(97)88940-6.

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"Distributed CAE and CAD/CAM systems." Advances in Engineering Software (1978) 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1195(85)90110-x.

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Μenges, G. "CAE/CAD/CAM in Plastics Processing." Journal of Polymer Engineering 6, no. 1-4 (December 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng.1986.6.1-4.1.

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"CAE/CAD/CAM-Software auf neuen Arbeitsplatzrechnern." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 83, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1988-830123.

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Afify, Mohammed, Younes Moubachir, Zouhair Guennoun, and Jamila Hassar. "A hybrid CAD/CAE/CAM project‐based laboratory framework integrating topology optimization and laser powder bed fusion for engineering education." Computer Applications in Engineering Education, April 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.22745.

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AbstractIn the era of Industry 4.0, laser‐based additive manufacturing (LBAM) has gained substantial momentum in the production of complex lightweight structures in several domains such as aerospace, civil, and biomedical engineering. The increasing demand for consistent and precise manufacturing processes has urged the manufacturing industry to consider the coupling of topology optimization (TO) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in the design of sophisticatedly novel topologies that are unattainable through traditional processes. Notably, this union has demonstrated a highly efficient and productive capability toward the manufacturing industry. In line with this accelerated pace, engineering programs within universities exert significant effort to revise and update their engineering curriculum design to incorporate emerging manufacturing technologies providing students with skills that are aligned with the actual industrial context. In this article, a computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided engineering (CAE)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) project‐based laboratory framework is proposed combining TO and LPBF exploiting a simulation‐based environment integrating CAD, CAE, and CAM. The structure of the proposed CAD/CAE/CAM design methodology is revisited to discern the added value of the newly developed framework and its particularity in assisting aerospace engineering students to meet industrial expectations. A new CAD/CAE/CAM project‐based laboratory framework has been developed integrating TO and LPBF using advanced engineering tools within the aerospace engineering education.

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Kirkwood, Robert, and James A. Sherwood. "Sustained Integration for Computer-Aided Manufacturing: Integrating With Successive Versions of Step or IGES Files." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 18, no. 4 (July 3, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040024.

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Computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)/computer-aided engineering (CAE) integration offers designers, analysts, and manufacturers the opportunity to share data efficiently throughout the product development process. CAM for NC programing and tool design integrated with solid model data from CAD systems represents a large portion of the CAD/CAM/CAE domain. Sustained integration whereby successive changes to a CAD model are reintegrated with downstream applications is considered the most advanced and useful integration. Sustained integration is typically maintained when working in a homogeneous CAD/CAM environment. However, when working with applications that do not share a common environment (i.e., heterogeneous integration), sustained integration fails, and this lack of sustained integration can result in a loss of detailed information as a design progresses through the engineering design process. In the current paper, the authors discuss and demonstrate a novel approach to achieve sustained integration when working in heterogeneous CAD/CAM environments. After providing basic background information to establish a context, then discussing state-of-the-art and emerging solutions, the paper discusses virtual persistent identifiers as described via design change vectors (VPI/DCV). A series of three case studies shows sustained integration based on neutral formats like STEP working as well as that observed in homogeneous environments. This novel approach demonstrates success as a generic solution using common export formats from the current CAD systems and avoids the need to establish any new standards to achieve sustained integration. The paper finishes with a summary of observations learned from these case studies along with possible future research topics.

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"CAD : CAM : CIM." Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 87, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zwf-1992-871229.

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