Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CAM Use and Vaccination'
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1
Scheppler, Lorenz. "The use of lactic acid bacteria for vaccination /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/04scheppler_l.pdf.
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Almustafa, Nawaf Mohammed. "The use of CAD CAM for fixed partial prostheses." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/7185f4c0-4f47-4072-8b0a-7ae09c1e8c01.
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Due to the increasing demand from patients and dentists for highly aesthetic and strong, metal-free restorations there has been a rapid increase in research into dental CAD CAM technique and zirconia based restorations over the last decade. Such new technology has the potential to take the place of conventional techniques and materials for fabricating indirect dental restorations in the future. In this PhD thesis, five laboratory studies were designed to investigate zirconia bridges constructed using dental CAD CAM. The studies concentrated on: 1. Ideal force applied by dentists for cementing zirconia bridges and the impact on seating. 2. The effect of firing cycles and zirconia thickness on the fit of zirconia bridges. 3. The effect of span length on the fit of three and four unit all zirconia bridges. 4. The effect of veneering on the strength of three unit zirconia bridges. 5. The fit of three unit all zirconia bridges produced by digital and conventional techniques. For these laboratory studies an ideal three unit (and four unit for study 3) fixed-fixed all ceramic bridge preparation was carried out on two plastic teeth and all SLA models and zirconia based bridges were made using the Lava COS and Lava™ CAD CAM system (3M, ESPE). In addition to the laboratory studies, a clinical audit was carried out to assess satisfaction (dentist, dental technician and patient) with zirconia based restorations (through a xvi series of questionnaires) made and fitted at Dundee Dental Hospital and School. In addition, as part of this audit a simple cost analysis was carried out to explore the differences in cost between zirconia based restorations and high fusing gold alloy based metal ceramic restorations. Four of the studies (studies 1, 2, 3 and 5) investigated the internal and marginal fit of the zirconia based restorations under differing laboratory and clinical procedures and conditions. It was found that the seating force used to cement a zirconia based bridge had no impact upon fit (Study 1). Whilst the thickness of zirconia (all-zirconia bridge and un-veneered zirconia framework) did not affect the fit of the restoration, veneering the framework did lead to a statistically significant deterioration in fit (Study 2). Although leading to a poorer fit veneering did have a positive effect in strengthening the zirconia framework, but neither un-veneered nor veneered frameworks were as strong as monolithic/all zirconia bridges (Study 4). Despite the high shrinkage during post milling sintering and the potential for greater distortion on longer span bridges, the longer span bridges investigated in Study 3 did not impact upon fit. In study 1, 2, 3 and 4 the Lava COS intra-oral scanner was used to create a digital impression of the tooth preparations and study 5 confirmed that the fit of bridges made from these impressions were better than those made using conventional addition cured silicone putty and wash impressions (Study 5). The results of the questionnaires used in the audit revealed high satisfaction rates with all stake holders and the cost analysis showed that producing zirconia based restorations can be five to six times cheaper than conventional gold based restorations. Despite the variations in fit which were found in Studies 2 and 5, all bridges produced were within what would be regarded as clinically acceptable and comparable to those produced with more traditional techniques.
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Lehane, K. J. "Computer aids for variant design." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292453.
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Cosma, Antonio. "Use of the regulatory protein Nef for vaccination against HIV-1." Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8329/.
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Shrestha, Priyanka. "Predicting Quantity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500381639467327.
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Power, Carl A. "Immunology of BCG vaccination in mice, implications for tuberculosis vaccination and for the use of BCG as a recombinant vaccine vector." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0031/NQ63963.pdf.
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Winch, Graham. "The implementation of CAD/CAM systems in the metalworking industries." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3718/.
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This thesis reports on a case survey of 15 UK metalworking companies and their experience of implementing an integrating technology - CAD/CAM. The thesis places this process of implementation in the organisational context of these companies by examining the ways in which the engineering/manufacturing interface is coordinated. This interface is important, because it is also critical to the effective implementation of such techniques as total quality management and simultaneous engineering. In order to develop an incisive analysis of these companies, a contingency approach to organisational analysis is developed around the idea of flows of information and materials and their interaction with the structure of the organisation in a process of structuration. This analysis is placed in the strategic context of the organisations' relationships to their environment through the notion of a production strategy. Models of the process of implementation are then reviewed, and a recursive model of implementation as organisational changing is developed which emphasises the processes of organisational learning. The management of the engineering design process has been little examined, in comparison to the management of manufacturing, and research and development. This thesis develops an analysis of the management of the entire production process from the conception of the product right through to its delivery to the customer in these 15 firms. It then goes on to examine the recent organisational changes in the engineering and manufacturing functions before examining the implementation process in detail. Finally, the basis of organisational integration from both a technological and organisational perspective is analysed, which provides the basis for some more general propositions on the development of production management over the next decade.
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Hanson, Diamond Diane. "Use of HPV Vaccination for Cervical Cancer Prevention in African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5344.
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Despite the availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, African American women are still at risk for contracting HPV. This is significant because HPV is one of the main risk factors for cervical cancer. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the relationship between the use of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention and personal history of HPV, reduced access to healthcare, and risky sexual behaviors in African American women. The theoretical framework used for this study was the health belief model (HBM). Two hundred twenty-nine (n=229) African American women living in the United States, ages 18-49, who participated in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were the sample under study. A univariate analysis was performed to describe the population and obtain frequencies and percentages for all covariates. A bivariate analysis was conducted to determine whether there was an association between any of the independent variables and the dependent variable. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to build a predictor model for use of HPV vaccination. Women between the ages of 18 and 34 were 7.22 times as likely to receive the HPV vaccine as women aged 35-49 years, and this was statistically significant (OR: 7.22; 95% CI: 2.36 - 22.13). This study can contribute to positive social change within the community and public health profession through an increased awareness and knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, especially for African American women.
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Bell, Stephen Graham. "The use of active site mutants of cytochrome P450(cam) in chemical synthesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f48cf79-37b0-45cd-a40e-e971af466cff.
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This thesis describes a study of the substrate selectivity of active site mutants of the monooxygenase cytochrome P450cam. A range of mutants was constructed which replaced the phenolic side-chain at the Tyr-96 position by various hydrophobic amino acid residues. These 'hydrophobic mutants' were then combined with other mutations around the active site (Val-247, Phe-87, Ile-395 and Phe-193) which altered the space available at different positions in the active site. These mutants were then tested with an in vitro reconstituted P450cam system with a range of substrates related to diphenylmethane and phenylcylcohexane. All of these large compounds were poor substrates for the wild-type enzyme. It was found that it was necessary to increase both the space available in the active site and the active site hydrophobicity to achieve substrate turnover. The substrates were oxidised preferentially on the aliphatic cyclohexyl ring over the more constrained phenyl ring suggesting that the active site is predisposed to binding the cyclohexyl ring close to the haem. Hydroxylation using the in vitro reconstituted P450cam system is limited by catalyst lifetime and the need for the expensive cofactor NADH. For P450cam hydroxylation to become a viable synthetic method it is necessary to find ways to bypass the use of NADH. For this reason various self-sufficient P450cam system were constructed and expressed in E. coli. The best of these, despite limited protein expression, was found to turnover camphor with the wild-type P450cam enzyme and other substrates with the Y96A mutant. The in vivo catalytic system was then used to screen many P450cam mutants for the oxidation of natural products, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes (e.g. limonene, pinene and valencene). Most of the target substrates are not oxidised by the wild-type enzyme but all are hydroxylated by some if not all of the P450cam mutants with different degrees of selectivity. Some of the products identified so far are important compounds in the field of flavour and fragrance chemistry (e.g. verbenol and nookatone).
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Galbraith, N. "Cognition associated with use of, and belief in, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2018. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/32371/.
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The use of and belief in the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is associated with two cognitive biases: over-reliance on intuitive thinking and ontological mistakes. This thesis reports seven studies which explore the nature of these biases. Aims. The aim of study 1 was to develop and test a valid and reliable measure of belief in the effectiveness of CAM and use of CAM (the Attitudes to Complementary and Alternative Medicine scale; ACAM). Studies 2-3 explored whether the previously reported relationship between CAM beliefs and intuitive thinking could be found when using performance measures (rather than just self-report measures) of thinking. Studies 4-7 tested the proposal that being able to spot ontological mistakes is a system 2, analytical process and that overlooking ontological mistakes is more likely when one relies on intuitive, automatic processing. Methods. Studies 1-3 employed a mixture of self-report questionnaires and performance measures of thinking (the cognitive reflection test and base rate problems) in a survey methodology. Studies 4-7 employed experimental methods, and specifically a variation of the syllogistic belief bias paradigm. Results. In study 1, a principal components analysis yielded four factors for the ACAM, each reflecting beliefs in the effectiveness of different categories of CAM (alternative whole medical systems, energy medicines, herbalism and natural products, mind and body approaches). The ACAM had good internal consistency and convergent validity. In study 2, psychology students’ self-reported analytical thinking was negatively related to belief in CAM effectiveness. In study 3, self-reported intuitive thinking was positively related to CAM beliefs in a mixed sample of students and the general population. Performance measures of thinking style largely did not relate with CAM beliefs. In studies 4-7, it was found that ontological correctness biased responding when simultaneous processing demands were low, but when ontological statements were embedded in difficult reasoning problems, particularly those in which belief and logic conflicted, ontological correctness was less likely to bias responding. Conclusions. These findings suggest that faith in CAM effectiveness depends not so much on the people’s actual thinking style but rather on people’s perception of their own thinking style. Furthermore, noticing ontological mistakes appears to be a system 2, analytical process which is more difficult to carry out when simultaneous reasoning competes for processing capacity. However, the ability to spot ontological mistakes is made easier following simple psychoeducational instructions. These findings improve our understanding of the cognitive factors which might underpin beliefs in the effectiveness of CAM and have implications for the design of health psychology interventions to improve people’s health decision-making.
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Martínez, Flórez Alba. "Drug repurposing of bioenergetic modulators: use in treatment and vaccination of protozoan parasitic diseases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458381.
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Las leishmaniasis, la tripanosomiasis Americana y Africana, y la malaria son enfermedades
parasitarias que constituyen un importante problema de salud global que afecta
mayoritariamente a países en desarrollo. El aumento del número de resistencias a sus
tratamientos actuales, su toxicidad y la necesidad de asistencia sanitaria para la aplicación de
los mismos reflejan la urgente necesidad de desarrollar vacunas eficaces y nuevos
tratamientos económicos, fáciles de administrar y resistentes a condiciones de
almacenamiento adversas. Basándonos en que estas enfermedades parasitarias comparten
requerimientos metabólicos con patologías mejor estudiadas, proponemos el
reposicionamiento de fármacos para tratarlas. Bajo esta premisa, seis fármacos de eficacia
probada en la investigación contra el cáncer ―dicloroacetato (DCA), 3‐bromopiruvato (3BP), 2‐
deoxi‐D‐glucosa (2DG), lonidamina (LND), metformina (MET) y sirolimus (SIR)― fueron
seleccionados por su habilidad para modular rutas metabólicas relacionadas con la producción
de energía y proliferación. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el uso de estos moduladores
bioenergéticos para el control de la leishmaniasis visceral, malaria y tripanosomiasis americana
y africana como tratamiento o como potenciadores de la protección de una vacuna frente a L.
infantum.
Para ello, se evaluó la eficacia de estos compuestos en modelos in vitro de cada parasito
―enfermedad de Chagas (Trypanosoma cruzi), tripanosomiasis Africana (Trypanosoma brucei),
leishmaniasis visceral (Leishmania infantum) y malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)―. El 3BP y el
DCA indujeron una reducción dosis‐dependiente del crecimiento de los amastigotes
intracelulares de L. infantum con IC50 de 17.19 μM y 631.5 μM, respectivamente. En el modelo
in vitro de T. brucei, todos los compuestos testados, a excepción de 2DG, afectaron a la
viabilidad del parásito: DCA (IC50 = 1.24 mM), 3BP (IC50 = 76.57 μM), LND (IC50 = 26.76 μM), SIR
(IC50 = 2.14 μM), y MET (IC50 = 17.30 Mm). En el caso de los amastigotes intracelulares de T.
cruzi, DCA, 3BP, 2DG, LND, y MET tuvieron efecto parasiticida con valores de IC50 de 27.07 mM,
27.63 μM, 7.27 mM, 78.37 μM, y 18.48 mM, respectivamente. DCA (IC50 = 5.39 mM), 2DG (IC50
= 4.19 mM), LND (IC50 = 209.13 μM), MET (IC50 = 1.32 mM), y SIR (IC50 = 2.50 μM), mostraron
efecto antiparasitario sobre trofozoitos de P. falciparum. Estos resultados sugieren que estos
fármacos podrían ser útiles para tratar estas enfermedades parasitarias. Sin embargo, cuando
los compuestos eficaces en los modelos in vitro fueron administrados en modelos in vivo de
roedor para cada una de las enfermedades, ninguno de ellos contribuyó al control de la
enfermedad o de la carga parasitaria. Los resultados obtenidos en el modelo de leishmaniasis
visceral en hámster revelaron una disminución de la activación del sistema inmune en los
animales tratados con DCA y 3BP, lo cual podría haber contribuido al fracaso del tratamiento.
Por último, se estudió la capacidad del SIR para potenciar el efecto protector de una vacuna
frente a la leishmaniasis visceral en el modelo hámster. Para ello se administró SIR durante la
fase de expansión y contracción del sistema inmune producido por una vacuna de DNA
portadora de los genes LACK, TRYP, PAPLE22, y KMPII de Leishmania, y se estudió la respuesta
frente al posterior desafío con L. infantum. Los resultados muestran que la vacuna de DNA
indujo la reducción eficaz de la carga parasitaria en piel (P = 0.0004) y linfonodos (P = 0.0452),
lo cual potenció la administración del SIR alcanzándose también protección parasitológica en
bazo (P = 0.0004). El estudio de los marcadores inmunológicos en dicho órgano sugiere que la
producción controlada de IFN‐γ y el incremento en la expresión de FoxP3 podrían ser los
responsables de la protección alcanzada.Leishmaniases, African and American trypanosomiases and malaria are parasitic diseases that constitute a major global health problem. The increasing number of drug‐resistances to their current treatments, toxicity cases and the health assistance often required for their administration, makes it urgently necessary to develop efficient vaccines for humans and new affordable therapies, easy to apply and resistant to harsh storage conditions. Due to the fact that these diseases share similar metabolic requirements with better studied diseases, we chose drug repurposing as a potentially effective approach against them. With this purpose, six different compounds used in anti‐cancer research —dichloroacetate (DCA), 3‐bromopyruvate (3BP), 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG), lonidamine (LND), metformin (MET), and sirolimus (SIR)— were selected according to their ability to modulate energy production and proliferation related metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to validate the suitability of these bioenergetics modulators for the management of visceral leishmaniasis, malaria and African and American trypanosomiasis as a treatment, or as a preventive tool by enhancing the protective power of a vaccine against L. infantum. The effectiveness of these compounds was first evaluated on in vitro models of each parasite ― Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), human African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei), visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum) and malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)―. L. infantum promastigotes were not susceptible to these compounds, whereas L. infantum intracellular amastigote growth was dose‐dependently reduced by 3BP (IC50 = 17.19 μM) and DCA (IC50 = 631.5 μM). In the T. brucei in vitro model all the tested compounds, with the exception of 2DG, affected parasite survival with IC50 values of 1.24 mM for DCA, 76.57 μM for 3BP, 26.76 μM for LND, 2.14 μM for SIR, and 17.30 mM for MET. In the case of T. cruzi, DCA, 3BP, 2DG, LND, and MET showed parasite‐killing activity with IC50 values of 27.07 mM, 27.63 μM, 7.27 mM, 78.37 μM, and 18.48 mM, respectively. For P. falciparum DCA (IC50 = 5.39 mM), 2DG (IC50 = 4.19 mM), LND (IC50 = 209.13 μM), MET (IC50 = 1.32 mM), and SIR (IC50 = 2.50 μM), showed antiplasmodial activity. These results reinforce the hypothesis that drugs with proven efficacy in the treatment of cancer by interfering with energy production might be useful in treating threatening parasitic diseases and provide new opportunities for their repurposing. However, when compounds that were effective in the in vitro approach were administered to the in vivo rodent models of these diseases, none of them contributed to disease management or parasite load control. Immunological analysis in the VL hamster model revealed a significant downregulation of immune‐activation in infected animals treated with DCA and 3BP, which may also contribute to treatment failure. In the last chapter of this work, the suitability of sirolimus as an immunomodulatory compound to boost the activity of a preventive vaccine against VL was analyzed. Sirolimus is an already marketed compound that has been described to boost immune protection against different disease models. In our study, Syrian hamsters were treated with sirolimus concomitantly with the administration of a plasmid DNA vaccine carrying the Leishmania genes LACK, TRYP, PAPLE22 and KMPII, and the subsequent response towards a L. infantum challenge was studied. Our results show that the DNA vaccine itself efficiently reduced the burden of parasites in skin (P = 0.0004) and lymph nodes (P = 0.0452), which was potentiated by SIR administration by also inducing parasitological protection in the spleen (P = 0.0004). The study of immune markers in spleen suggests that lower production of IFN‐γ and the concurrent increase of FoxP3+ expression may be responsible for the protection mediated by the DNA vaccine that was potentiated by sirolimus.
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Jain, A. "Use of electronic health records to investigate vaccination inequalities in older individuals in England." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4650293/.
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The aim of this thesis was to measure inequalities in the burden of vaccine-preventable disease and vaccine uptake amongst older individuals in England, using primary care electronic health records (EHR) linked to hospitalisation and deprivation data. Social factors previously associated with vaccination amongst older individuals in Europe were first determined by conducting a comprehensive systematic review. Methods were developed to identify and investigate the recording of these factors in the linked UK EHR data. These methods were then applied in two cohort studies, focussing on herpes zoster (a common debilitating condition in older populations), to identify the social determinants of (a) zoster incidence in the decade before zoster vaccine introduction, 2003-2013 and (b) uptake of zoster vaccination in 2013-15 (the first two years after vaccine introduction). The methodological study showed that, among 591,037 individuals aged ≥65 years, completeness of recording of individual social factors varied from 1.6-80%. The ethnic distribution, and prevalence of deprivation, living alone, living as a couple and care home residence, were all comparable with data from the 2011 English Census. In the first cohort study of 862,470 older individuals, those at higher risk of zoster in the prevaccination era included females, those in care homes, those of White ethnicity and nonimmigrants, with increased zoster incidence in these groups ranging from 10-100%. Known clinical risk factors for zoster (co-morbidities and immunosuppressive treatment) explained little of these increased risks. In the second cohort study of 35,333 individuals, social factors associated with lower uptake of zoster vaccination included: care home residence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.73)), living alone (aOR:0.85 (0.81- 0.90)), and being of non-White ethnicity (for example: Black ethnicity versus White ethnicity: aOR:0.61 (0.49-0.75)). Uptake decreased by increasing deprivation: aOR (most deprived areas versus most affluent): 0.69 (0.64-0.75). Lower uptake was also seen amongst females in the older catch-up group. The findings from this thesis should help inform specific interventions to mitigate zoster vaccine inequalities, including amongst doubly disadvantaged groups (with higher zoster burden and lower vaccine uptake) such as care home residents. The methods developed 5 can also be used to examine other health inequalities in older UK populations. Future linkages to other data sources, such as the Census, would further enhance the availability of information for studies of the social determinants of health.
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Kumar, Ashwin. "The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as lived by individuals living with chronic illnesses." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/39660.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Nursing, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Burt, T. H. "Factors influencing the successful production of large plasmids for use in gene therapy and DNA vaccination." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444360/.
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A thesis is presented which outlines investigations conducted to determine issues which may be faced should attempts be made to produce large plasmids (>3-10kb) for use in areas such as DNA vaccination and gene therapy. Initial studies attempted to manufacture a series of large Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (116kb - 242kb) and centered on the fermentation and downstream purification steps required to produce the plasmid material. It was determined that these constructs were not suitable models due to the low yields at which they were propagated. Additionally, many of the analytical protocols employed were found to be inadequate for monitoring the concentration and form of large plasmids. In response to these issues large plasmids were constructed by the insertion of large fragments of S.cerevisiae DNA in to the relaxed, high-copy number vector pGEMl 1. Plasmids ranging from 3kb to 50kb were created and used to probe the upstream and downstream steps of a plasmid production process. Efforts were also made to develop more suitable analytical methods. The production of these plasmids was studied during pilot-scale fermentations at 37 C where it was discovered that the plasmids demonstrated a poor stability profile. In an attempt to improve plasmid stability, reduced temperature (25 C) fermentations were conducted which increased the stability and yields obtained from fermentations of these constructs. Cell paste from the fermentations was subject to a purification process involving alkaline lysis and ultrafiltration steps. Described are balances of plasmid DNA, genomic DNA, RNA and contaminating protein. The topology changes displayed by the plasmids are also described. Finally, studies are outlined describing the binding behaviour of the large plasmids to chromatographic resins used for plasmid purification.
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ElAswad, Bahaa El-Deen Wadea Ramadan. "Use of Schistosoma mansoni calreticulin, a highly immunogenic parasite antigen, in diagnosis of and vaccination against schistosomiasis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9961.
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Ten sub-fragments (N-, P-, C-, NS-, NP-, NPC-, S-, SP-, SPC- and PC-domains) of recombinant S. mansoni calreticulin (SM-CRT), a highly immunogenic antigen, were expressed and purified. A cDNA library of adult S. mansoni was used as a template to amplify the coding sequences of these fragments which were expressed in bacterial expression system using the vector pRSETB. SM-CRT sub-fragments (except those with N-terminal domain) were shown to bind calcium using “Stains-all” stain or interact with 45Ca2. With the exception of the P-domain, SM-CRT sub-fragments bound and inhibited C1q-dependent haemolysis in vitro. In S. mansoni infected mice, specific antibodies against the carboxy-terminal part of SM-CRT appeared 46 days p.i., while antibodies against the N-terminal part of SM-CRT were detectable at 59 days p.i.. Cercarial Transformation Fluid (CTF) and Solube Egg Antigens (SEA) specific antibodies were detectable at day 12 p.i.. Use for diagnosis of S. mansoni in humans, CTF and SEA showed 89.7% sensitivity, while the PC-domain of SM-CRT showed sensitivity of 71.1% (the highest SM-CRT sub-fragment sensitivity). When testing the cross-reactivity with sera drawn from patients with other diseases, SM-CRT N-domain showed the lowest degree of cross-reactivity. Analysing non-endemic controls, a specificity >95% was shown for all of the antigens used. When using endemic controls, SM-CRT N-domain revealed the highest degree of specificity (94.7%), while SEA revealed 26.3% specificity and CTF showed 68.4% specificity. BALB/c mice immunised with recombinant SM-CRT achieved a 49.9% (P >0.05) reduction in Schistosoma adult worm numbers (on exposure to S. mansoni cercariae), comparing to the non-immunised mice. The eggs numbers in the liver decreased by 41.8% in the immunised mouse group with a non-significant statistical difference. The immunised mice responded to SM-CRT immunisation by producing specific IgG1 and IgG2a, reflecting a Th1/Th2 with a predominance of Th2 immune response profile.
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Lemaire, Edward D. "Development and validation of a quantitative method for defining manual prosthetic modifications for use with CAD/CAM systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342455.
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Awortwe, Charles. "Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction study of selected traditional medicines used as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96796.
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Thesis (DMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction The increasing intake of traditional medicines among HIV/AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa needs urgent consideration by clinicians and other healthcare providers since the safety of such medications are unknown. The pharmacokinetic parameters - Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination (ADME) play important role in the safety evaluation of drugs, thus implicating drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters as critical indicators for herb-drug interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk potential of seven herbal medicines commonly consumed by HIV/AIDS patients for drug interactions applying in vitro models. In this study, inhibition and induction effects of the herbal medicines on cytochrome P450s (CYPs) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were investigated. Methods Herbal medicines – Lessertia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Kalanchoe integra and Taraxacum officinale were sourced from Medico Herbs, South Africa were identified by experts from Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town. Moringa oleifera, Echinacea purpurea and Kalanchoe crenata were obtained from the repository of the National Centre for Natural Product Research (NCNPR), University of Mississippi, USA. Reversible inhibitory effect of aqueous and methanol herbal extracts were evaluated in recombinant CYPs applying the fluorescent metabolites at specified excitation/emission wavelengths; CYP1A2 (3-cyano-7-hydroxycoumarin (CHC); 405/460 nm), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (7-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (HFC); 405/535 nm) and CYP2D6 (7-hydroxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin (HAMC); 390/460 nm). Comparative studies in human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant CYPs were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of methanol herbal extracts and fractions on 6β testosterone hydroxylation activity. Time dependent inhibitory (TDI) effect of the herbal extracts were evaluated applying the IC50 shift fold, normalized ratio and the NADPH-, time- and concentration-dependent approaches. Influence of herbal extracts on metabolic clearance of testosterone was assessed in both HLM and human hepatocytes. The effects of each herbal extract on expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes were evaluated in activated human pregnane X receptor (PXR) co-transfected HepG2 cells. Finally, the inhibitory effect of herbal extracts on P-gp was assessed using the calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) uptake and the digoxin radiolabelled substrates in MDCKII-MDRI cells. Results The aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Kalanchoe integra, Kalanchoe crenata, Echinacea purpurea and Lessertia frutescens demonstrated high risk of in vivo inhibition on CYPs 3A4 and 1A2 with Cmax/Ki >1.0. Methanol extracts of these herbal medicines also indicated potential risk of reversible drug interaction. The methanol extracts of M. oleifera, K. crenata and L. frutescens showed strong TDI effect on CYP3A4 with IC50 shift fold >1.5 and normalised ratio <0.7. Moringa oleifera intermediately reduced intrinsic clearance of testosterone in human hepatocytes (2 ≤ AUC ratio ≤ 5) when scaled up to humans. Methanol extracts of Echinacea purpurea up-regulated the expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes in activated PXR. Kalanchoe crenata and Echinacea purpurea indicated strong inhibition on P-gp by reducing transport of digoxin across hMDR1-MDCKII cell monolayer from basolateral to apical with IC50 values of 18.24 ± 2.52 μg/mL and 24.47 ± 4.97 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The herbal medicines especially M. oleifera, K. integra and E. purpurea have the potential to cause herb-drug interaction in vivo if sufficient hepatic concentration is achieved in humans.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Die verhoogde inname van tradisionele medisynes onder MIV/VIGS-pasiënte in sub-Sahara-Afrika verg dringend oorweging deur klinici en ander gesondheidsorgverskaffers, aangesien die veiligheid van sodanige medikasies onbekend is. Die farmakokinetiese parameters – Absorpsie, Distribusie, Metabolisme en Eliminasie (ADME) – speel ’n belangrike rol by die veiligheidsevaluering van geneesmiddels, en impliseer gevolglik geneesmiddel-metaboliserende ensieme en vervoerders as kritiese indikators vir krui-geneesmiddel-interaksies (HDI). Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die risikopotensiaal van sewe kruiemedisynes wat algemeen deur MIV/VIGS-pasiënte geneem word, vir geneesmiddel-interaksies te evalueer deur in vitro-modelle te gebruik. In hierdie studie is die inhiberings- en induseringsuitwerkings van die kruiemedisynes op sitochroom P450’s (verkort na CYP’s) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 en 3A4, sowel as P-glikoproteïen (P-gp), ondersoek. Metodes Kruiemedisynes – Lessertia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Kalanchoe integra en Taraxacum officinale – is van Medico Herbs, Suid-Afrika, bekom en deur kundiges van die Compton-herbarium, by die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Biodiversiteitsinstituut, Kaapstad, geïdentifiseer. Moringa oleifera, Echinacea purpurea en Kalanchoe crenata is van die bewaarplek van die Nasionale Sentrum vir Natuurlike Produknavorsing (NCNPR) aan die Universiteit van Mississippi in die VSA verkry. Die omkeerbare inhiberende uitwerking van kruie-ekstrakte in water en metanol is in rekombinante CYP’s geëvalueer deur die gebruik van die fluoresserende metaboliete op gespesifiseerde opwekkings-/emissiegolflengtes; CYP1A2 (3-siaan-7-hidroksikumarien (CHC); 405/460 nm), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 en CYP3A4 (7-hidroksi-4-(trifluoormetiel)-kumarien (HFC); 405/535 nm) en CYP2D6 (7-hidroksi-4-(aminometiel)-kumarien (HAMC); 390/460 nm). Vergelykende studies van menslikelewermikrosome (HLM) en rekombinante CYP’s is uitgevoer om die inhiberende uitwerking van metanolkruie-ekstrakte en -fraksies op 6β-testosteroonhidroksileringsaktiwiteit te ondersoek. Die tydafhanklike inhiberende uitwerking (TDI) van die kruie-ekstrakte is geëvalueer deur gebruikmaking van die IC50-verskuiwingsvou-, die genormaliseerdeverhoudings- en die NADPH-, tyd- en konsentrasieafhanklike benaderings. Die invloed van kruie-ekstrakte op metaboliese testosteroonverheldering is in beide HLM en menslike hepatosiete geëvalueer. Die uitwerkings van elke kruie-ekstrak op die uitdrukking van CYP1A2-, CYP3A4- en MDR1-gene is in geaktiveerde menslike pregnaan-X-reseptor(PXR)-, ko-getransfekteerde HepG2-selle geëvalueer. Laastens is die inhiberende uitwerking van kruie-ekstrakte op P-gp geëvalueer, met gebruikmaking van die kalsien-asetoksimetiel-ester (kalsien-AM)-opname en die digoksien- radiogemerkte substrate in MDCKII-MDRI-selle. Resultate Die ekstrakte in water van M. oleifera, K. integra, K. crenata, E. purpurea en L. frutescens het ’n hoë risiko van in vivo-inhibering op CYP’s 3A4 en 1A2 met Cmaks/Ki >1.0 getoon. Ekstrakte van hierdie kruiemedisynes in metanol het verder potensiële risiko van omkeerbare geneesmiddelinteraksie getoon. Die ekstrakte van M. oleifera, K. crenata en L. frutescens in metanol het sterk TDI-uitwerking op CYP3A4 met IC50-verskuiwingsvou >1.5 en genormaliseerde verhouding <0.7 getoon. M. oleifera het intermediêre vermindering van intrinsieke testosteroonverheldering in menslike hepatosiete (2 ≤ AUC verhouding ≤ 5) tot gevolg wanneer die skaal na mense verhoog word. Ekstrakte van E. purpurea in metanol het die uitdrukking van CYP1A2-, CYP3A4- en MDR1-gene in geaktiveerde PXR opgereguleer. K. crenata en E. purpurea het sterk inhibering van P-gp getoon deur die vervoer van digoksien deur die hMDR1-MDCKII-selmonolaag van basolateraal tot apikaal met IC50-waardes van onderskeidelik 18.24 ± 2.52 μg/mL en 24.47 ± 4.97 μg/mL te verminder. Gevolgtrekking Kruiemedisynes, veral M. oleifera, K. integra en E. purpurea, het die potensiaal om HDI in vivo te veroorsaak indien voldoende hepatiese konsentrasie by mense bereik word.
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Gottvall, Maria. "Introduction of School-Based HPV Vaccination in Sweden : Knowledge and Attitudes among Youth, Parents, and Staff." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212886.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of knowledge, attitudes, consent, and decision-making regarding Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, seen from the perspectives of concerned parties – high school students, school nurses, and parents. Two quantitative studies were performed: one descriptive cross-sectional study and one quasi-experimental intervention study. Qualitative studies using focus group interviews and individual interviews were also performed. High school students’ knowledge about HPV and HPV prevention was low but their attitudes toward HPV vaccination were positive. An educational intervention significantly increased the students’ knowledge regarding HPV and HPV prevention. Their already positive attitudes toward condom use and HPV vaccination remained unchanged. The students wanted to receive more information about HPV from school nurses. The school nurses were also positive to HPV vaccination but identified many challenges concerning e.g. priorities, obtaining informed consent, culture, and gender. They saw an ethical dilemma in conflicting values such as the child’s right to self-determination, the parents’ right to make autonomous choices on behalf of their children, and the nurse’s obligation to promote health. They were also unsure of how, what, and to whom information about HPV should be given. Parents, who had consented to vaccination of their young daughters, reasoned as follows: A vaccine recommended by the authorities is likely to be safe and effective, and the parents were willing to do what they could to decrease the risk of a serious disease for their daughter. Fear of unknown adverse events was overweighed by the benefits of vaccination. Parents also saw the school nurse as an important source of HPV information. Conclusions: Positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination despite limited knowledge about HPV, are overarching themes in this thesis. School nurses have a crucial role to inform about HPV prevention. It is important that the concerned parties are adequately informed about HPV and its preventive methods, so that they can make an informed decision about vaccination. A short school-based intervention can increase knowledge about HPV among students. From a public health perspective, high vaccination coverage is important as it can lead to a reduced number of HPV-related disease cases.
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Wang, Shou-Yu (Cindy). "Taiwanese people with cancer and non Western medicine (NWM) use : a grounded theory study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16473/1/Shou-Yu_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
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Because of the long and entrenched history of Chinese medicine in Taiwan, people have traditionally incorporated this knowledge into their health care. With the appearance and growing acceptance of Western medical practices, multiple medical approaches have become more and more popular. Yet, despite the strong foundations of Western medicine in the treatment of cancer in Taiwan, the use of Chinese medicine continues to be popular (Lin, 1992, p. 114).
The focus of this research is the contextual construction of meanings about non Western medicine (NWM). The context for the study is Taiwan, the researcher's home country. The purpose of the research is to explore the motivations for, and the processes by which, Taiwanese people with cancer incorporate NWM into their cancer treatment journey. Utilising a grounded theory approach, this research sought to explore the social processes by which Taiwanese people with cancer come to use non Western medicine. Twenty four in depth interviews were undertaken in the study.
The findings of the study demonstrate that the interactions between people with cancer and their use of NWM are complex. Taken-for-grantedness emerges as the core category in the study. The core category situates the use of non Western medicine outside the institutionalised and regulated domains of health care. More specifically, the meanings attributed to NWM are embedded in the philosophical beliefs and social relationships that constitute the lives of the participants.
These findings suggest implications for our understanding of the co-existence of NWM and Western medicine by Taiwanese people with cancer and the social processes with which they engage.
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Wang, Shou-Yu (Cindy). "Taiwanese people with cancer and non Western medicine (NWM) use : a grounded theory study." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16473/.
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Because of the long and entrenched history of Chinese medicine in Taiwan, people have traditionally incorporated this knowledge into their health care. With the appearance and growing acceptance of Western medical practices, multiple medical approaches have become more and more popular. Yet, despite the strong foundations of Western medicine in the treatment of cancer in Taiwan, the use of Chinese medicine continues to be popular (Lin, 1992, p. 114). The focus of this research is the contextual construction of meanings about non Western medicine (NWM). The context for the study is Taiwan, the researcher's home country. The purpose of the research is to explore the motivations for, and the processes by which, Taiwanese people with cancer incorporate NWM into their cancer treatment journey. Utilising a grounded theory approach, this research sought to explore the social processes by which Taiwanese people with cancer come to use non Western medicine. Twenty four in depth interviews were undertaken in the study. The findings of the study demonstrate that the interactions between people with cancer and their use of NWM are complex. Taken-for-grantedness emerges as the core category in the study. The core category situates the use of non Western medicine outside the institutionalised and regulated domains of health care. More specifically, the meanings attributed to NWM are embedded in the philosophical beliefs and social relationships that constitute the lives of the participants. These findings suggest implications for our understanding of the co-existence of NWM and Western medicine by Taiwanese people with cancer and the social processes with which they engage.
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Jizi, Lama. "Prevalence and Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Lebanese College students." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2359.
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In Lebanon, estimates of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use among college students are not available. CAM practices are not well regulated and some products contain unsafe substances. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and predictors of CAM use among Lebanese college students using the health belief model. A quantitative cross sectional research design was used. An online survey was administered to 126 Lebanese college students with the aim of determining the most important predictors of CAM use. A majority (89%) of surveyed students reported the use of CAM in the last 12 months. Based on the findings of a multiple logistic regression analysis, perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.781), perceived barriers (OR =.809), and cues to action (OR = 1.650), 95% CIs [1.185, 2.678], [.658, .995], [1.049, 1.821], respectively, significantly predicted CAM use. Results indicate that people who perceive themselves more susceptible to diseases, who do not perceive barriers to CAM use, and who follow more cues to action are more likely to use CAM than others. These factors provide pathways for facilitating positive social change by developing stricter governmental policies to ensure consumer safety and to promote high quality products, and by driving the development of public awareness interventions about CAM use and related health risks.
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Schneider, Germar, Sophia Keil, and Gerhard Luhn. "Opportunities, Challenges and Use Cases of Digitization within the Semiconductor Industry." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35387.
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Over the last years, Infineon Dresden Technologies has continuously been working on offering innovative products and enhancing the productivity of their wafer fabrication areas by increasing fab capacities as well as increasing automation in their 200 and 300 mm wafer manufacturing plants to improve productivity. One of the most important success factors is use of powerful automated material handling systems (AMHS) combined with the digitization of core processes within the whole company. Digitization supports converting a highly automated fab into a “smart fab” by horizontal and vertical integration of the internal supply chains. Within this paper, the authors provide an overview of three use cases for continuous improvement of the manufacturing process through use of automation and digitization to enhance the profitability of the semiconductor manufacturing plant.
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Lorbach, Joshua. "Gaps in Human Immunity Against Swine Origin Influenza A Viruses and the Use of Swine Vaccination to Reduce Public Health Threat." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587727549815743.
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Pirri, Carlo. "Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cancer: An evidence-based systematic review of the efficacy and safety of CAMs, and the perceived vs real benefits of CAM use for the quality of life and psychological adjustment of cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic treatment." Thesis, Pirri, Carlo (2014) Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cancer: An evidence-based systematic review of the efficacy and safety of CAMs, and the perceived vs real benefits of CAM use for the quality of life and psychological adjustment of cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic treatment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29185/.
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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) continues to evoke fierce debate and divergent views within the medical community. Nevertheless, it remains an attractive and commonly used treatment option for many cancer patients regardless of whether their doctors like it or believe in it. Complementary medicine is used by 14-65% of Australian adult cancer patients (up to 73% in Europe and 91% in the US), and alternative medicine by 8-14%. It is therefore important that clinicians have an awareness of the type of patients that are likely to use CAM, as well as a good understanding of the levels of evidence available for the efficacy and safety of specific complementary and alternative therapies. Two large studies were performed to this end.
Study 1 examined the incidence and type of complementary therapy (CT) use, perceived benefits of use, and the relationship between demographic, clinical or quality of life/psychological factors and use in 200 Australian cancer patients across conventional chemotherapy-based treatment. Overall, 30% of patients reported CT use. CT users were predominantly younger, tertiary educated, possessed comorbid conditions and underwent lengthy treatment (.004 ≥ p ≤ .023). Patients who underwent lengthy treatment (> 6 months) were 3 times more likely to use complementary therapies. Of all CT users, 64% perceived benefit and primarily cited enhanced physical and emotional well-being. CT users, however, did not score significantly better than non-users on any measure of quality of life, physical health or psychological adjustment. CT users generally reported greater psychological distress than non-users across treatment, particularly at pretreatment (baseline). However, with ongoing/new CT use these patients significantly reduced their distress levels to that of non-users by 8 weeks on-treatment (p = .042).
Study 2 entailed a systematic review of the benefits and health risks of popular CAMs used by cancer patients. Specifically, the efficacy and safety of over 50 individual CAMs were examined across 363 publications, including over 300 metaanalytic/ systematic reviews. Evidence indicated that some CTs are beneficial in reducing disease/treatment symptoms and improving quality of life and psychological adjustment (e.g. relaxation), and in years to come may be integrated into everyday clinical practice. Evidence of potential harm, however, also exists. Nutritional supplements, herbal preparations and other natural therapies may pose direct safety risks because of their potential adverse effects or interactions with conventional anticancer treatments and other medications. Some should not be used by cancer patients under any circumstances irrespective of benefit (e.g. St. John’s wort), while others are beneficial and safe under medical supervision (e.g. valerian). Alternative therapies promoted as “cures” in place of conventional treatments (e.g. laetrile/amygdalin) potentially cause patients the most harm.
Collectively, the studies demonstrated that CTs, at the very least, may enhance the psychological well-being of cancer patients during the early stages of conventional medical treatment. Indeed, CT use by cancer patients may be a clinical marker for psychological distress, and should trigger clinicians to enquire about physical symptoms and concomitant anxiety and depression. Research, however, indicates that 20-77% of patients do not disclose CAM use to their physicians. Moreover, discussions about CAM are uncommon and are most likely to be initiated by patients rather than physicians, many of whom believe that they cannot effectively communicate with patients about CAM use partly due to having insufficient knowledge about the efficacy and safety of specific CAMs. Patients’ perceptions that CAMs are more “natural” and safer than conventional treatments are problematic. Indeed, they may pose direct safety risks. It is therefore imperative that those involved in the medical care of cancer patients are equipped with the skills and knowledge to help patients appropriately evaluate CAMs, in order to receive benefit while avoiding harm. Additionally, clinicians are strongly encouraged to routinely ask patients about CAM use. Offering evidence-based complementary therapies (or at least safe forms of them) alongside conventional treatments in cancer services can influence patients’ decisions to continue with mainstream care, and help avoid any potential harm that may occur with autonomous CAM use.
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Williman, Jonathan A., and n/a. "The use of the cytokines IFNγ, IL-12 and IL-23 to modulate immune responses raised by the gene gun method of DNA vaccination." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070405.151123.
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Since its discovery 15 years ago there has been an explosion of research in the field of DNA immunisation. Unfortunately despite early promises that DNA immunisation had the potential to cure almost any infectious disease, autoimmune disease or even cancer, progress towards clinical trials has been slow. This has been due in part to the huge range of permutations possible in delivering the DNA. One approach is to deliver the DNA by gene gun. Gene gun delivery is a very efficient way of transfecting cells however also has a number of possible disadvantages. These drawbacks include a weak immunogenicity in larger animals as well as the tendency to bias towards the development of a strong type 2 response.
In an effort to enhance antigen-specific immune responses and counter the type 2 polarisation of gene gun delivery, a series of DNA vaccines were created where the extracellular portion of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from influenza A/PR8/34 virus was genetically fused the type 1 cytokines IFNγ, IL-12 and IL-23. Interleukin-23 has been recently discovered and even though both IL-12 and IL-23 contain the p40 subunit they seem to have dissimilar functions.
The vaccine constructs were first tested in cellular assays in vitro to ensure correct production and biological activity of the attached cytokines. They were then delivered in various combinations to groups of BALB/c mice to test development of immune responses and the effect of different delivery regimes. Finally mice were immunised then challenged with live influenza virus to determine the different DNA vaccines� protective efficacy.
DNA vaccines containing the HA gene alone (pHA) or fused to IFNγ (pIFNγHA), IL-12 (pIL-12HA) or IL-23 (pIL-23HA) were successfully constructed. The fusion of the HA gene to the genes for IFNγ, IL-12 or IL-23 did not significantly disturb the structure of the antigen or prevent the biological actions of the cytokines. Mice immunised three times with pHA had high titres of serum IgG1 antibody and their splenocytes produced approximately equal amounts of IFNγ and IL-5. Co-delivery of IFNγ was unable to alter immune responses regardless of whether it was delivered at the first, last or during all immunisations. Surprisingly co-delivery of IL-12 acted to suppress both antibody and cellular immune responses, possibly through an IFNγ/nitric oxide feedback loop. On the other hand co-delivery of IL-23 tended to enhanced immune responses and, while it did not significantly alter the type 1 to type 2 balance, it was able to increase the ability of mice to clear live influenza virus from their lungs when they were challenged 26 weeks after immunisation. This protection was associated with increased levels of neutralising antibody in the serum of pIL-23HA immunised mice.
This research has illuminated several of the pitfalls in the development of DNA vaccines and the use of cytokine as adjuvants. However it has also broadened our understanding of IL-23 and implies that IL-23 could be effectively used to increase the development of longterm immunity after immunisation.
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Mehta, Purvi. "Designing and evaluating a health belief model based intervention to increase intent of HPV vaccination among college men: Use of qualitative and quantitative methodology." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368014093.
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Kodituwakku, Aruna Poojitha. "Antigen specific B cells in the immune response to Haemophilus influenzae type b PRP conjugate vaccine /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk769.pdf.
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Jones, Ellen Hung. "Exploring the use of complementary and alternative medicine in Australian adult patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232655/1/Ellen%20Hung_Jones_Thesis.pdf.
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Lockwood, Lauren. "Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional analysis of predictors of vaccine use in children aged 12-23 months using Demographic and Health Survey data from 2016." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352902.
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Bchir, Lahsen. "Etude theorique et experimentale d'un moteur eolien darrieus : application a l'entrainement de pompes solenoides dans diverses configurations." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066046.
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Un systeme original de pompage eolien est propose. Il est constitue d'une eolienne darrieus et d'une pompe solenoide. Dans la premiere partie, l'etude theorique se developpe autour de deux modeles aerodynamiques distincts selon la valeur du rapport de vitesse. L'etude experimentale s'est effectuee avec des machines d'architectures differentes. En particulier nous avons demontre et verifie qu'un rotor darrieus judicieusement concu demarre de lui meme et sous la seule action du vent. Dans la seconde partie, l'etude hydraulique s'est effectuee sur divers prototypes de pompes solenoides. Ces dernieres possedent une cylindree et ne contiennent aucun organe interne excepte les clapets anti-retour
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Shanaube, Kwame, James Hargreaves, Katherine Fielding, Ab Schaap, Katherine-Anne Lawrence, Bernadette Hensen, Charalambos Sismanidis, et al. "Risk factors associated with positive quantiFERON-TB gold in-tube and tuberculin skin tests results in Zambia and South Africa." Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/11596.
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The original publication is available at http:/www.plosone.orgIntroduction: The utility of T-cell based interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection remains unclear in settings with a high burden of tuberculosis. Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) results and the level of agreement between the tests; to explore the hypotheses that positivity in QFT-GIT is more related to recent infection and less affected by HIV than the TST. Methods: Adult household contacts of tuberculosis patients were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study across 24 communities in Zambia and South Africa. HIV, QFT-GIT and TST tests were done. A questionnaire was used to assess risk factors. Results: A total of 2,220 contacts were seen. 1,803 individuals had interpretable results for both tests, 1,147 (63.6%) were QFT-GIT positive while 725 (40.2%) were TST positive. Agreement between the tests was low (kappa = 0.24). QFT-GIT and TST results were associated with increasing age (adjusted OR [aOR] for each 10 year increase for QFT-GIT 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06-1.25, and for TST aOR: 1.10; 95% CI 1.01-1.20). HIV positivity was less common among those with positive results on QFT-GIT (aOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39-0.67) and TST (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82). Smear positivity of the index case was associated with QFT-GIT (aOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.90-1.74) and TST (aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.98-1.98) results. We found little evidence in our data to support our hypotheses. Conclusion: QFT-GIT may not be more sensitive than the TST to detect risk factors associated with tuberculous infection. We found little evidence to support the hypotheses that positivity in QFT-GIT is more related to recent infection and less affected by HIV than the TST. © 2011 Shanaube et al.
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Kuzmick, Emily R. "Investigating the Viability of Agave americana as a Potential Bioenergy Feedstock and its Relative Impact on Surrounding Wildlife." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1430829519.
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Jones, Alexander M. "Fuel Yield Potential of Field Grown Agave americana L. Based on Water Soluble Carbohydrates, Acid Extractable Carbohydrates, and Enzymatic Digestibility Compared to Other Advanced Biofuel Feedstocks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501173804378294.
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(9783923), Gabrielle Bryden. "An exploration of unorthodox worldviews that predict vaccine scepticism and use of complementary and alternative medicine." Thesis, 2021. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_exploration_of_unorthodox_worldviews_that_predict_vaccine_scepticism_and_use_of_complementary_and_alternative_medicine/19750360.
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There are many people who choose alternative or unorthodox healthcare options that are not based on the best available evidence for efficacy and effectiveness. There has been a rejection of vaccination by sections of the population leading to suboptimal rates of vaccination, and increased rates of infectious diseases such as measles. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are also increasingly popular, despite the scarcity of clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of many of these therapies. The goal of this thesis is to explore unorthodox worldviews that predict vaccine scepticism and use of CAM in order to inform the future development of persuasive strategies to encourage participation in vaccination programs, and evidence-based healthcare. In this thesis the underpinnings of vaccine scepticism and CAM use have been explored through the different traditions of individual differences (inclusive of personality, attitudes, and beliefs), socio-demographics, and emotional reactions. Four studies were undertaken to achieve this goal including (1) the development of a standardised measure of CAM utilisation using data from an archived population survey of Australian adults; (2) an investigation of explanatory factors, including personality (openness to experience), cognitive style, and a range of unorthodox beliefs, for the relationship between CAM use and vaccination scepticism, using an archived population survey of Australian adults; (3) an examination of associations between geographic or area-level socio-demographic factors and uptake of vaccination among 5-year old children throughout Australia, using a public health focused ecological methodology, and (4) conducting an online priming experiment, to assess whether increasing the salience of concepts of contamination and purity will produce changes in reactions to a range of health interventions, including vaccination and CAM. Following are the key findings. The first study developed a brief, summative questionnaire measure of CAM utilisation called the R-I-CAM-Q, to address a gap in previous research which was lacking a psychometrically sound, and quantitative measure of CAM utilisation. The main findings of the second study, a cross-sectional survey, were that positive attitudes to CAMs, rather than use of CAMs, best predict vaccination attitudes; and that negative attitudes to vaccination and positive attitudes to CAMs both correlate with the presumed antecedents of magical beliefs about health. The geographic/area-based study revealed that communities with lower rates of vaccination had relatively less disadvantage, and had relatively greater education and occupational status, suggesting that privilege puts people at risk. The priming experiment showed no experimental effect of priming for contamination or purity/naturalness. Nevertheless, higher levels of sensitivity to disgust were associated with lower ratings of the effectiveness of MMR vaccination, tetanus injection, antibiotics, and surgery. These studies identify the psychological, social, cultural, and emotional characteristics of those who have unorthodox health beliefs and behaviours. Knowledge that can directly inform the future development of tailored and persuasive health promotion strategies and campaigns which encourage evidence-based healthcare choices, particularly uptake of vaccination.
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Partyka, Elzbieta. "Canadian social workers and complementary and alternative therapies: a web based survey of their knowledge, use and attitudes." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23242.
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The growing interest and use of complementary and alternative approaches by the general public has created pressure on many health care providers to broaden their traditional scope of practice and integrate complementary and alternative therapies into their repertoire. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and level of integration of complementary and alternative approaches by Canadian social workers. Due to limited literature on social work use of complementary and alternative approaches, a broad operational definition of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) was utilized in the study and a wide range of approaches were listed in the questionnaire.
This cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative research study included 311 Canadian social workers. A self-administered, web-based survey was developed for the study to examine social workers’ level of knowledge, use, as well as attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine.
Based on the findings of the study, Canadian social workers demonstrate general familiarity with CAM, however are less likely to be trained in the approaches. Despite lack of appropriate training, a significant number of social workers integrate complementary and alternative approaches into their practice. Overall, Canadian social workers hold a positive attitude toward complementary and alternative medicine. They express interest in broadening their knowledge in CAM as well as are open to integrating some approaches into their practice.
Implications of the findings and further research suggestion are offered at the conclusion of the thesis.
There are several implications from this study, most importantly the need for clear guidelines around integration of those approaches into social work practice and inclusion of complementary and alternative methods into social work educational curriculum.
There exists number of external and internal threats to validity of the study.
The limitations of the study include lack of participation from a number of Canadian provincial social work regulatory bodies. Also the use of web based, English only survey, and may have deterred some social workers. Self-selection process may have attracted those with extreme opinions about the topic. The descriptive nature of the study did not require manipulation of the variables, the analysis was bi-variate, and, therefore could not account for confounding factors.
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Gallardo, L. Antonio J. "Skill and organizational complementarities to CAD/CAM technology use in small and medium sized manufacturing firms /." Diss., 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3117148.
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Schutz, Pamela Lorne. "Trends and patterns of use of CAM (Complementary and alternative medicine) among senior nursing students." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1873.
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Student Number : 8229351 -
MSc (Nursing) research report -
Faculty of Health SciencesThe use and teaching of CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) therapies is a growing trend worldwide in the pursuit of health and the amelioration of some disease problems. Chronic, insoluble problems, stress (both mental and physiological), and pain are particularly the target of these therapies. In February 2001, South Africa became a world leader when she passed legislation promoting ten traditional or complementary and alternative therapies into professionalism. The purpose of this study was to assess the trends and patterns of use of senior nursing students of CAM therapies, and their intention to use such CAM therapies on their patients, or to refer their patients to practitioners of CAM therapies. A self-report survey was used to obtain this data, partly constructed from knowledge gathered in the literature review. Senior nursing students from three teaching institutions in Johannesburg participated in the survey. A pilot study to test the feasibility of the study and the reliability of the instrument was carried out at one of these three institutions. The group that participated in the pilot was not the same group that was later used as subjects at this institution. The pilot test was then subjected to a Peason's Product-Moment Correlation test to assess testretest reliability. Pearson's r was found to be 0.8, which shows high reliability of the instrument. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and proportions) were used to summarize and present the results. The main results are as follows. A much larger group of respondents saw allopathic practitioners than CAM practitioners for their personal health problems and to maintain their health. Knowledge of CAM therapies was reported to be fairly low, though this may be due to the number of therapies presented for consideration. A large percentage of the respondents was interested in learning about, and even practicing CAM therapies on their patients, and in referring their patients to CAM practitioners or being able to advise them about CAM therapies and remedies appropriately. Given these results, with regard to nursing education, it was suggested that at least an introductory course to the basic tenets of CAM therapies and "holistic" or "body-mind medicine", needs to be presented to all student nurses. The problems inherent in developing adequate and relevant research avenues for these complex subjects, and an understanding of a range of the most commonly practiced CAM therapies needs to be included at neophyte nursing level. Focussed suggestions are made in the body of the report. Focussed suggestions are also made with regard to future research, both within the field of nursing and related allopathic disciplines possibly interested in incorporating aspects of CAM therapies within their own bodies of knowledge, and outside these disciplines. Suggestions relevant to the teaching and practice of a few CAM therapies practiced by the researcher, and of pharmacological and other possible avenues of research relevant to some of these therapies, will be made in the form of further articles submitted to the professional magazines of the CAM therapies concerned.
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Cosma, Antonio [Verfasser]. "Use of the regulatory protein Nef for vaccination against HIV-1 / vorgelegt von Antonio Cosma." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988921219/34.
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Kumar, Ashwin, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Nursing. "The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as lived by individuals living with chronic illnesses." 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/39660.
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This naturalistic exploratory study focused on Australians living with chronic illnesses who chose to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The purpose of this sociological study was to discover and illuminate the lived experience of using CAM by individuals living with chronic illnesses in an attempt to understand their reasons for choosing CAM for their health care needs within the social contexts of their lives. The research question guiding this qualitative study was: Based upon a reflection of lived experiences, why do individuals living with chronic illnesses choose to use CAM? The major finding of this study was that research participants turned to CAM to find practical solutions for coping with pain and the ongoing demands of living daily lives while suffering and living with chronic illnesses. Unlike existing research findings, participants in this study did not turn to CAM for ideological reasons, nor were they seeking a holistic approach to health and health care. As such, the findings of this study strongly suggest that individuals living with chronic illnesses initially choose to use CAM for pragmatic reasons rather than ideological dispositions. However, the findings also suggest that after their initial use of CAM, individuals appear to adopt, via enculturation processes, more holistic ideologies resulting in modifications to perceptions of self, illness and health.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Lu, Jui-Hua, and 盧瑞華. "The Qualitative and Quantitative Study of CAM use and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89657902205402183848.
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博士國立臺北護理健康大學
護理研究所
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This study was aim to explore the experiences of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use as well as to examine the relationships between CAM use, CAM belief, illness perceptions, depression, and quality of life in cancer patients in northern Taiwan. The conceptual model for the study is derived from the the Leventhal's self-regulation model. A three-phase design combining both qualitative and quantitative research were conducted. Specificcally, the three-phase design was as followings:(1) phase 1: exploring the experiences of CAM use；(2) phase 2:developing Chinese version of the complementary and alternative medicine beliefs inventory (CAMBI-Chinese version)；(3) phase 3: examining the association between CAM use and quality of life. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the National Taipei University of Nursing and Health science. In the phase 1, the experiences of CAM use from cancer patients was obtained using qualitative research. Participants were recruited form the northern Taiwan using snowball sampling in 2011. Data were collected by in-depth, tape-recorded face-to-face interviews and analyzed using content analysis techniques. Five themes emerged including facing the challenge of cancer; the pressure from the CAM use;life style alternation were the cause of cancer; health were the balance among physical,mind and spiritual; and the concerns regarding CAM use. During the phae 2, the translation as well as the reliability and validity of the the CAMBI-Chinese version (CAMBI-C) were established. At first, the permission from Dr.Bishop was obtained. The translation process were performed using Brislin’s (1986)six setpes and both translation from English to Chinese and back translation were completed. Participants were recruited from the internet from July 1 to July 31 in 2011. A total of two-hundred and sixty-one adults were enrolled in this study. Internal reliability coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.71 to 0.86, and the overall reliability was 0.85. The test-retest realibity was 0.88. The CAMBI-C had a good content validity among five experts (CVI=1.0). The underlying factor structure of the CAMBI-C comprised belief of natural remedy, belief of participating, and belief of holistic health. Thishree- factor structure explained 52.92% of variance with the KMO of 0.802, value of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity χ 2 being 1695.368(df=136, p<.000). The CAMBI-C scale and subscales were observed to be sensitive to differentiate the CAM user and nonuser (p=.001). The relationship between CAM use and related variables was examined in phase 3 using quantitative study. Participants were recruited form the northern Taiwan using snowball sampling form Aug. 01, 2011 to March 31, 2012. A total of two hundred cancer patients were recruited in this study. Majority of the subjects were female (56.5%) with average age of 53.97 years (SD=12.02). Over half participants were graduated from high school (62.5%), had some religion (75%), current employed (55.5%), married (67.5%) and house hold income between 30,000-10,000 NT$/per month (61.5%). Most Patients were diagnosed of breast cancer (35%), follow by colorectal cancer (18%), and liver cancer (11.5%). Majority of patients were in their cancer stage of II or III (63.5%). The average length since confirmed diagnosed with cancer were 40.14 months (SD=46). Ninty-two percents of the study participants had received surgery for treatment of their cancer, and about 32.5% of them also combined with Chemotherapies. The average number of CAM used in the past 12 months was 2.78 (SD＝1.70), including natural products (71.5%), diet supplement (44.5%) and herbs (33.5%). Most of the CAM remedics related informations were obtained from families,relatives or friends. Many of those CAM used by patients at no extra cost. However, the naturals products cost around 1,000-3,000 NT $/per month.The CAM belief was positive among majority of patients. The mean CAMBI-C socre was 80.96 (SD=9.08), 25.08(SD=4.58) for Natural Treatments, 25.22(SD=3.33) for participants in treatment and 30.66 (SD=4.09) for Holistic Health.The mean score of HADS-D was 7.21 (SD=3.41). Total 109 patients (51%) of the study patients sufferred from depression, among those patients, 34.5% had minor depression 14.5% had moderate depression and 2% had severe degree depression. The illness representation of cancer indicated the highest score in consequence (6.78, SD=2.43), emotional representation (6.59, SD=2.45) and the timeline (6.36,SD=2.76). For the causes of cancer, patients mainly attributed to food of diet habit,stress, personal behaviors, gene or overworking. Quality of lifewere measured by FACT-G with total mean socre of 62.25(SD=21.21), indicating a moderate level of QOL.Results showed that cancer patients with younger age, education of high school and higher, married, and higher income were more likely to use CAM. In addition, the more advanced of the cancer, recently diagnosed cancer, and have been received chemotherapy were tend to used CAM (p<.05). Correlational results indicated that CAM belief was negative related to illness perceptions (p<.01). CAM belief was also negative related to depression (p<.01). Depression and illness perceptions were negative related to QOL and four components of QOL (p<.01). About 70% of the variance in QOL can be explained by by depression and illness perceptions. The Sobel test showed that illness perceptions had 30.85% effect (mediate) on the relationship of depression and QOL. The study result can provide basic understaning of cancer patient’s experience of CAM used. This study also developed a reliable and validity tool for measure the belief toward CAM which can be further use in relevance issue. The results also provide vital informations for nurses taking care of cancer patients regarding the issues of CAM use.
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Friesen, Elizabeth Louise. "The relationship between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and quality of life among individuals with chronic pain: results from a nationally representative sample." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23423.
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Background: Chronic pain is a major public health concern in Canada, with an estimated annual cost of $6 billion in direct health care expenses. At the same time, Canadians are participating in an increased use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies.
Purpose: The purpose of this quantitative research study was to examine the relationship between the use of CAM and HRQOL for individuals living with chronic pain.
Method: This study was a secondary data analysis of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 3.1 Subsample 1 collected by Statistics Canada in 2005 (n=32,133).
Results: The prevalence of CAM use for the Canadian population was 20.9% whereas for the chronic pain subset, it was 30.8%. CAM users had 1.48 times increased odds of reporting a high HRQOL than non-CAM users (CI=1.16-1.88).
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that a modest but significant positive association exists between CAM use and a high HRQOL.
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Gibson, Phylliscia. "A Research Framework for Evaluation of RSV Vaccination Use and RSV Outcomes Among Premature Infants Under One Year of Age." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/472.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infects the lower respiratory tract in children under the age of two years and is spread through droplet and contact with infected persons. An estimated 200,000 children suffer from complications of RSV annually worldwide. Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to immunize children from RSV and has been on the market since 1988. In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated its policy for recommendation of RSV in premature infants. The objective of this capstone is to propose an evaluation framework with an example of how it could have been applied to assess the impact of the AAP policy change on RSV vaccination use and RSV outcomes among premature infants.
The proposed evaluation framework would be a unique link between birth certificate records and surveys of parents/guardians of 32 week gestation premature infants or less in the metropolitan Atlanta area. The birth certificate data would identify “at risk” infants and would allow for selection of a sample of parents/guardians, both pre-policy change (August 1, 2013 to July 30, 2014) and post-policy change (August 1, 2014 to July 30, 2015). The primary endpoints would be: initiation and completion of the RSV vaccine series and RSV infection rates. Moderating variables would be obtained from birth certificate data (e.g. mother’s education and race) and survey data (e.g. attitudes toward vaccine acceptance).
The evaluation framework proposed in this Capstone can be used in future analyses of RSV vaccination policy changes. It can also be generalized to other geographic areas in the US and used for routine surveillance of RSV vaccination use and RSV outcomes.
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Kodituwakku, Aruna Poojitha. "Antigen specific B cells in the immune response to Haemophilus influenzae type b PRP conjugate vaccine / Aruna P. Kodituwakku." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22085.
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Klafke, Nadja. "Interpersonal factors impacting the decision to (continue to) use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in men with cancer: a mixed-methods study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/97249.
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There has been an increase in the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in cancer populations, with reported higher prevalence rates in women than in men. Men with a variety of cancers have been understudied in CAM research, as well as the contribution and involvement of their significant others, like close family members or/and close friends. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the use of CAM in men after a diagnosis of cancer. Specifically, the research aimed to explore how significant others impact on men’s decisions to (continue to) use CAM, how they negotiate, talk, and practice CAM in everyday life, and how this affects their interpersonal relationship. A mixed methodological approach with two independent but related studies addressed the research aims: one quantitative study (survey) and one qualitative study (semi-structured interviews). The results are presented in two published and three submitted papers that contribute to our understanding of CAM use in men affected with cancer and how their CAM uptake is shaped by their social networks. Paper one reports the results of an integrative review of the literature, and indicates that significant others of patients with cancer often act as information seekers, advocates, and/or role models in patients’ decision-making about CAM. Despite the limited number of reviewed studies about familial involvement available, the results suggest that there may be important interpersonal consequences following patients’ decision to use or not use CAM, that need to be further explored. Paper two reports the results from the Study 1 survey involving 403 Australian men affected with cancer, a convenience sample of consecutive patients visiting two public and two private outpatient cancer clinics in Metropolitan Adelaide. The results indicate that the majority of male cancer patients (61.5%) have experience with CAM at some point during their cancer treatment, while more than half of the study sample (52.9%) were currently using CAM whilst receiving conventional medical treatment. It was also shown that family were the most frequent providers of information about CAM, and were significantly more often involved in patients’ discussions about CAM use than medical professionals. Papers three, four, and five report the results of Study 2, involving qualitative analysis of 43 semi-structured interviews with 26 men and 24 significant others, thereby exploring in-depth participants’ perceptions and experiences of CAM. Paper three indicates that men with cancer use CAM for individual and social/interpersonal reasons, a unique category augmenting those previously discussed in the literature. Discourse analysis highlighted how the interpersonal dimension impact on men’s decisions to uptake CAM, and how the use of CAM functions to connect the male cancer patient with his social network. Paper four reports on the variations of significant others’ involvement in men’s CAM uptake and maintenance, and indicates that CAM is sometimes practised as a shared and/or private activity in everyday life. The shared practice of CAM was associated with interpersonal benefits, working to strengthen the bond between men and their significant others, but there were instances when men expressed a need to practice CAM as a private activity. It was found that CAM benefited both men and their significant others to reduce uncertainty and to regain control. Paper five reports on how regular and habitual male CAM users integrate CAM routines and CAM rituals in their everyday life. The discursive analysis illustrates how CAM routines provide male cancer patients with certainty and control. By contrast, CAM rituals function for cancer patients and their significant others as a means to create and maintain meaning, thereby working to counter fear and uncertainty consequent upon a diagnosis of cancer. In summary, the results of these studies have shown that the majority of men with a variety of cancers use CAM in addition to conventional cancer care. Family members and/or close friends are a significant source of influence in men’s CAM uptake and maintenance. The interactions about CAM between men and their significant others functioned to help them to connect with each other or strengthen their social bond, and constitute a beneficial effect of CAM use. In addition, it was found that regular CAM use helped men and their significant others to regain control and to reduce uncertainty. These findings may help healthcare professionals to better understand how interpersonal processes impact on men’s CAM decisions. The results might also be translated into clinical practice, for example, in designing supportive cancer care programmes tailored specifically to men affected with cancer, with or without involvement of their significant others.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2014
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Cobb, Hugh. "A COST - COMPARISON OF THE USE OF INFLUENZA VACCINE IN OLD AGE HOME RESIDENTS IN JOHANNESBURG." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1882.
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M Family Medicine research report -
Faculty of Health SciencesResidents of old age homes are at increased risk for the complications of influenza. Studies in developed countries have consistently shown that influenza vaccination of old age home residents and staff can significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates and that influenza vaccination is one of the most cost effective interventions possible in this population. No studies have been done on the cost benefit of using influenza vaccine in old age home residents in South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs of treating influenza and influenza-like illnesses in old age home residents, and to compare the costs in people who had received the influenza vaccine to those who had not. The study population comprised 151 people residing in two old age homes in Johannesburg, namely Sandringham Gardens and Nazareth House. The study population was divided into two groups- those who received influenza vaccine and those who had not been vaccinated. The residents of Nazareth House who gave consent had all been vaccinated. The subjects at Sandringham Gardens were sub- divided into two groups, namely: “Residents” and “Frail care / wards” section. The general health of the “Frail care” people was poorer than that of the “residents”. Medical records were reviewed, and details of the number of doctor consultations, medication and physiotherapy prescribed, special investigations performed and hospital referrals related to influenza and influenza-like infections were recorded. The costs were then calculated using “medical aid rates”. There were no significant differences in the treatment costs, comparing those who had been vaccinated to those who had not been vaccinated. There are a number of possible explanations for this. These include, most importantly, a low to moderate epidemic activity of influenza in the season that the study was conducted. Other explanations are low patient numbers, the use of symptoms for diagnosis and the use of over the counter therapy. Despite the findings in the present study, the international literature supports the view that influenza vaccination is a cost-effective intervention in the older adult population, particularly those at higher risk. These findings have been implemented in the official guidelines of many countries, including the South African Adult Influenza Vaccination Guideline.
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Woodard, Kedra. "Association of Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin Use with Reports of Improved Health and Joint Pain among Individuals with Arthritis, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2012." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/415.
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Arthritis is increasingly becoming a public health concern as it is the leading cause of disability. Glucosamine and chondroitin, which are alternative dietary supplements, are commonly marketed for persons with joint pain. The purpose of this study is to examine if self-reported 12-month and past 30-day use of glucosamine and/or chondroitin among persons with any arthritis, unspecified arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis is associated with reports of past 12-month improved health and reports of past 30-day joint pain, aching, and stiffness, respectively.
METHODS: The 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative cross-sectional household interview survey, was used for this study. The adult sample consisted of 34,525. Subgroup analyses were conducted on 7,654 respondents with any arthritis, 6,016 with unspecified arthritis, and 898 with rheumatoid arthritis. The independent variables were defined as the use of glucosamine only, chondroitin only, or glucosamine and chondroitin one or more times in the past 12 months and past 30 days. The dependent variables were defined as self-reported past 12 month improved health and past 30 day joint pain, aching, and stiffness. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 accounting for the complex survey design, computing missing values as missing completely at random for variance estimation. All multivariate logistic regression models included sociodemographics, use of other observed alternative therapies, and other chronic conditions.
RESULTS: Approximately 21.8% of U.S adults had any arthritis, 17.0% had unspecified arthritis and 2.5% had rheumatoid arthritis. Among persons with any arthritis, approximately 3.7% used glucosamine, 0.4% used chondroitin, and 3.4% used both glucosamine and chondroitin within the past 12 months while approximately 5.1% used glucosamine, 0.6% used chondroitin, and 0.4% used both glucosamine and chondroitin within the past 30 days. Among persons with unspecified arthritis, approximately 3.7% used glucosamine, 0.5% used chondroitin, and 3.8% used both glucosamine and chondroitin within the past 12 months while 5.5% used glucosamine, 0.5% used chondroitin, and 0.4% used both glucosamine and chondroitin within the past 30 days. Among persons with rheumatoid arthritis, approximately 2.4% used glucosamine, 0.3% used chondroitin, and 2.1% used both glucosamine and chondroitin within the past 12 months while approximately 2.9% used glucosamine, 0.7% used chondroitin, and 0.5% used both glucosamine and chondroitin within the past 30 days. Women used more of all supplements (past 12 months and past 30 days) except past 12 month use of chondroitin among persons with any arthritis. Persons 56 to 70 years old had the highest proportion of past 12 month and 30 day supplement use among persons with unspecified arthritis.
After adjusting for sex, age, race, BMI, poverty level, other health conditions, and other CAM therapies (acupuncture, energy, mind-body, and chiropractic/osteopathic therapies), the use of chondroitin only (adjusted OR= 0.6; p= <0.01) and the use of both glucosamine and chondroitin (adjusted OR= 5.7; p= <0.01) during the past 30 days was associated with self-reported past 30 day joint pain, aching, and stiffness among persons with any arthritis. After adjusting for age, BMI, poverty level, region, other health conditions, and other CAM therapies (acupuncture, energy, mind-body, and chiropractic/osteopathic therapies), the use of chondroitin only was also associated with past 30 day joint pain, aching, and stiffness among persons with unspecified arthritis (adjusted OR= 0.5; p= 0.02).
CONCLUSION: Chondroitin alone was associated reports of past 30 day joint pain, aching, and stiffness among persons with any arthritis and unspecified arthritis highlighting a potential effective role and use for this supplement. In addition, the use of both glucosamine and chondroitin were associated with reports of past 30 day joint pain, aching, and stiffness among persons with any arthritis. Marketing may play a role in these relationships and should be further examined.
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Yeo, Christe Lai Leng. "Improving patient provider communication through integrating a health information technology system for primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention through use of the human Papillomavirus vaccine of adolescent and cervical cancer screening referral of adult female caregiver." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36701.
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BACKGROUND: Now considered a cornerstone of healthcare, patient-provider communication has long been studied and analyzed. Medical associations such as the Joint Commission and the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) have strongly endorsed for physicians to exercise patient-focused communication, a practice that involves showing empathy, involving patients in medical care decisions, eliciting concerns, and educating patients on treatment options (Joint Commission, 2016; AAOS, 2017).
A lack of patient-provider communication has previously been identified as a significant factor in adverse medical outcomes occurring within hospitals (Khan et al., 2017). Bridging the communication disparity between patients and providers is crucial to improving overall patient outcome. Primary care providers are especially essential to improving overall patient outcome because they serve as the first point of contact for many patients accessing the healthcare system. While there is much literature on the importance of effective patient-provider communication, few studies provide technology-based tools that can enhance this establishment of communication.
Human Papillomavirus is presently the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) nationwide with 79 million Americans currently infected (CDC, 2017). Approximately 42,700 HPV-attributable cancers are diagnosed in the United States annually, and HPV is believed to be responsible for over 90% of cervical cancer cases (CDC, 2018). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends three preventative HPV vaccines. Despite high rates of infection, HPV vaccination rates nationwide remain low as coverage of the HPV vaccine falls behind that of coverage for required vaccines like the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) (Reagan-Steiner, 2016). Previous studies have sought to address factors that affect decisions to vaccinate children. An analyzation of the National Immunization Survey of Teens has identified that parents’ belief that the HPV was not necessary as a main factor (Darden et al., 2013). As a result, there is a gap needed to be filled by providers to educate parents on the importance of the HPV vaccine.
PURPOSE: The current study sought to determine the effectiveness of a web-based mobile health education program called Wheel of Wellness (WoW) on patient-provider communication, to assess the viability and impact of WoW to increase HPV vaccination rates in age eligible children (boys and girls aged 9-17) and to augment awareness about the benefits of HPV vaccination in both these children and their guardians.
RESEARCH METHOD AND DESIGN: As of August 2018, twenty-seven parents of children between the ages of 9 and 17 years of age within the Pediatrics and Adolescent departments of Boston Medical Center (BMC) have been recruited. Parents enrolled in the WoW program to compile a list of concerns to be shown to a provider during their child’s appointment. Participants were asked questions to determine initial knowledge on the HPV vaccine, and their opinions on the HPV vaccine. Following their appointment, participants completed a questionnaire to assess opinions on the WoW program in facilitating communication with their provider on the HPV vaccine and related cancers. Seven physicians were interviewed to assess their views on the WoW program in facilitating communication with their patients on the HPV vaccine and related cancers.
RESULTS: Initial stages of this study found that views on the effectiveness of the WoW program in facilitating patient and provider communication on the different aspects of HPV vaccination and affecting parents’ decisions to vaccinate their children were mixed by both patients and their providers. Based on the WoW feedback collected from parents, the system was widely acceptable in terms of ease in usage and with the majority of parents (92%) reporting that the WoW website is helpful for communicating their health concerns with their provider. However, the majority of providers reported having never been presented the WoW system and expressed views that WoW was inefficient as it was a parallel system to existing workflow. This study determined that of the 12 participants who had one dose of the vaccine prior to enrollment, 75% of these participants completed the HPV vaccine series during the study.
CONCLUSION: Based on the initiation and completion statistics reported, this shows great potential for the use of the BNI coupled with the WoW system to help improve rates of initiation and completion of HPV vaccination going forward as the intervention may have helped encourage parents to either initiate vaccination or complete their child’s previously started series. Further studies should explore ways of empowering patients to facilitate more communication with their providers and improvements to technology to enhance provider recommendation in order to promote an increase in HPV vaccine completion.2021-06-17T00:00:00Z
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Perozo-Marin, Francisco Antonio. "Investigations on avian adeno-associated virus based protein expression for poultry vaccination, the VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the use of FTA cards for NDV detection." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/perozo%5Ffrancisco%5Fa%5F200805%5Fphd.
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Ondrášiková, Michaela. "Zdravý životní styl zájemců o zdravou výživu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356304.
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Healthy lifestyle of people interested in healthy diet Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic Student: Michaela Ondrášiková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: The issue of a healthy lifestyle has been a highly discussed topic in recent years. It has not been examined in the Czech Republic for persons who are interested in healthy diet, as a specific group of people yet. Objectives: Primary goal of the thesis was to analyse lifestyle behaviors in persons who are interested in healthy diet and compare the data obtained with healthy eating and healthy lifestyle recommendations. Secondary goal of the thesis was to analyse quality of life, life satisfaction, mental hygiene and some aspects of physical health of persons who are interested in healthy diet. Methods: Data for this prospective cross-sectional questionnaire survey were obtained in the period from September 2012 to June 2015. Respondents from the general public attended free lectures held in the education cycle, focusing on healthy lifestyle in the project Ebstyle on Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University. Data were evaluated according to healthy lifestyle and healthy diet criteria and processed in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 19. Results: In...