Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CALVARIUM'
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1
Mauro, Frank Armand. "Assessment of biodegradable calcium polyphosphate for bone substitute applications in the healing of the rat calvarium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/MQ45973.pdf.
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Peltoniemi, Hilkka. "Biocompatibility and fixation properties of absorbable miniplates and screws in growing calvarium : an experimental study in sheep." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/peltoniemi/.
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Jackson, Michael T. 1969. "Assessment of the closure of critical sized defects in the rabbit calvarium utilizing demineralized bone matrix putty as an allogenic graft material." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78389.
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Closure of bone defects that do not heal spontaneously require some form of bone inducing agent in order to ensure complete repair. Autogenous bone is the clinical gold standard for the management of these types of defects. Present research is aimed at finding acceptable alternatives to harvesting autogenous bone grafts in patients for obvious reasons. Recent literature supports that demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is osteoinductive, although this is not the case for all commercially available forms of DBM.An in vivo study was conducted which attempted to evaluate the healing of critical sized defects in New Zealand white rabbit calvarium using various grafting materials. By combining demineralized bone matrix and a poloxamer gel carrier, a putty-like material that is surgically convenient can be delivered to these defects and allowed to heal.
4
Laure, Boris. "Résistance du crâne après prélèvement calvarial monocortical." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3143/document.
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Le prélèvement crânien monocortical pourrait affaiblir la zone prélevée et exposer à des complications. Nous avons conçu un mouton pendule de Charpy validé sur 12 têtes de cadavres humains. L’énergie du choc était augmentée jusqu’à fracture de la zone pariétale. Pour mesurer l’épaisseur avec un système de navigation optoélectronique, nous avons comparé cinq méthodes non destructives.Dans la deuxième partie, la quantification de la perte de résistance était réalisée sur 30 têtes humaines en comparant le choc maximal supportable avant fracture du côté prélevé avec le côté non prélevé.La troisième partie de l’étude a été menée sur 34 têtes de cadavres de brebis. La perte de résistance de la zone prélevée était de 36% (p=1.10-10) avec une diminution d’épaisseur de 40%. La corrélation entre les deux paramètres était modérée (R=0.46) mais significative (p<0,0001). Chez la brebis, la diminution de résistance du côté prélevé était de 49% (p=6.10-10).Ces données nous permettrons de réaliser une étude animale, pour évaluer la résistance de la zone prélevée reconstruite par un ciment d’hydroxyapatiteThe monocortical parietal bone graft could decrease the strength of the donor site. Complication could occur. We performed a Charpy impact machine and validated it on 12 human cadaver heads. The chock energy was increased until the fracture of the target zone. The thickness measurement was performed with an optoelectronic navigation device. We compared 5 non destructive methods. In the second part, the quantification of the resistance loss was performed on 30 human cadaver heads. The maximum impact resistance of bone on the donor side was compared with the intact side. The third part of the study was performed on 34 sheep cadaver heads. Loss of strength at the donor site was 36% (p=1.10-10) for 40% loss of thickness. Although correlation between these two parameters was rather moderate (R=0.46), it was highly significant (p<0.0001). On sheep, the loss of strength at the donor site was 49% (p=6.10-10).Bone removal results in a highly loss of strength on human and sheep. These data will permit to perform an animal study to evaluate the resistance of the harvest cranial zone rebuilt with hydroxyapatite cement
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TOMMASATO, GRAZIA. "THE REGENERATION OF EDENTULOUS ATROPHIC RIDGES: PROS, CONS, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE DIFFERENT SURGICAL OPTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/804105.
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INTRODUCTION
During the three-year doctoral period, the candidate developed 3 research projects which, although different, are all related to one of the most controversial topics of advanced implant dentistry which include procedures to make it possible the use of dental implants also in case of severely atrophic edentulous ridges.
During the last decade, a variety of surgical procedures have been proposed, each of them with specific indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. Despite the publication of numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on this fascinating topic, much controversy is still present between clinicians and researches.
The aims of the PhD candidate have been to focus on three main areas related to the correction of severely atrophic edentulous ridges in order to: 1) update the present knowledge on this particular field thank to a systematic analysis of the available literature; and 2) develop three different research projects specifically dedicated to regeneration/reconstruction procedures.
More in detail, one line of research was focused on the evaluation of medium to long-term results of dental implants placed in severely atrophic jaws reconstructed with autogenous calvarial bone blocks covered with bovine bone mineral and collagen membranes. Seventy-two patients and 330 implants were involved in this retrospective study with a mean follow-up after implant loading of 8 years, ranging from 3 to 19 years.
The second project, similar in structure to the previous one, was designed to evaluate retrospectively the medium and long-term results (with a mean follow-up of 10 years) of implants placed in atrophic edentulous ridges grafted with autogenous mandibular blocks covered with bovine bone mineral and collagen membranes. Seventy-five patients, 82 sites, and 182 implants were involved in this study.
The third line of research allowed the candidate to design a prospective study which involved edentulous and atrophic patients treated with guided bone regeneration using CAD-CAM customized titanium meshes. The effectiveness of digitally customized titanium meshes in association with autologous bone particles and bovine bone mineral for the regeneration of atrophic edentulous sites, and the survival rate of implants placed in the reconstructed areas were evaluated. A histomorphometric analysis of mandibular regenerated bone were also performed.
Forty-one patients, 53 sites, and 106 implants were involved in this study and the follow-up of implants before and after loading ranged from 2 to 23 months (mean: 11 months), and from 1 to 15 months (mean: 6 months), respectively.
This latter research is of particular interest, as the literature supporting this particular technique is scarce, and available data are difficult to be compared, because they have been collected in a non- systematic way and mainly retrospectively.
In all these studies, a dedicated questionnaire, adapted from the OHIP-14 survey, was performed to evaluate patients’ satisfaction (patient reported outcome measurements – PROMs) as regards the treatment received.
It was therefore possible to elaborate a discussion of the results on two different levels: the first associated to the specific regenerative / reconstructive technique; the second allowed a comparison among the different treatment solutions.
AIMS
The aim of the first and second project, two retrospective longitudinal cohort studies, is to present the medium to long-term outcome of bone reconstructions with calvarium or mandibular grafts , respectively by evaluating: a) complication rate of the reconstructive procedure; b) bone resorption before implant placement; c) peri-implant bone resorption; d) implant-related complications; e) implant survival rate; and, f) patient’s satisfaction inquired with a dedicated questionnaire.
The aims of the third project, a prospective, single-arm clinical study, are to evaluate: a) the effectiveness of digitally customized titanium meshes in association with autologous bone particles and BBM and covered with collagen membranes for the regeneration of atrophic edentulous sites; b) the survival rate of implants placed in the regenerated areas and, c) PROMs inquired with a dedicated questionnaire.
MATERIALS & METHODS
Project 1 – calvarium
From 1998 to 2014, 72 patients presenting with severe bone defects were reconstructed with autogenous calvarial bone blocks covered with bovine bone mineral granules and collagen membranes. Four to 9 months later, 330 implants were placed and loaded 3 to 9 months later. The follow-up ranged from 3 to 19 years (mean: 8.1 years).
Project 2 – ramus
from 1997 to 2015, 75 patients presenting with bone defects of the jaws were grafted with autogenous mandibular bone blocks. One-hundred-eighty-two implants were placed 4 to 12 months later and loaded 3 to 10 months later: the mean follow-up was 10 years (range: 3-16 years).
Project 3 – GBR with Ti-mesh
41 patients, presenting with 53 atrophic sites were enrolled between 2018 and 2019. GBR was obtained with titanium meshes filled with autogenous bone chips and bovine bone mineral (BBM). After a mean of 7 months (range: 5-12 months), meshes were removed and 106 implants placed. After a mean of 3.5 months (range: 2-5 months), implants were uncovered and prosthetic restorations started.
RESULTS
Project 1 – calvarium
No patients developed severe complications, such as complete loss or resorption of the grafts. A dehiscence occurred in 6 patients, which developed a mild graft resorption. The mean peri-implant bone resorption before implant placement was 0.13 mm (SD ± 0.71). All patients received the planned number of implants. Three patients were lost during the follow-up. The survival rate of implants at the end of the observation period was 98.5%. The mean peri-implant bone resorption ranged from 0.00 mm to 4.87 mm (mean: 1.11 mm). Finally, 90% of the patients were very satisfied as regards the treatment received.
Project 2 – ramus
Post-operative recovery was uneventful in the majority of patients. An early dehiscence occurred in three patients, but with no significant bone loss, while 3 experienced temporary paresthesia. The mean vertical and horizontal bone resorption before implant placement was 0.18 mm (standard deviation (SD)=0.43) and 0.15 mm (SD=0.42), respectively.
The mean peri-implant bone loss ± standard deviation was 1.06±1.19 (range 0.00 to 5.05) at patient level, and 1.11±1.26 (range 0.00 to 5.20) at implant level.
Two implants in 2 patients lost integration and were removed; 10 implants in 7 patients developed peri-implantitis, but healed after surgical treatment.
The cumulative implant survival and success rates were 98.11% and 85.16%, respectively. PROMs were very positive: 95.5% of patients would have undergone the procedure again.
Project 3 – GBR with Ti-mesh
out of 53 sites, 11 underwent mesh exposure: 8 of them were followed by uneventful integration of the graft, while 3 by partial bone loss. The mean vertical and horizontal bone gain after reconstruction was 4.78±1.88mm (range 1.00 to 8.90mm), and 6.35±2.10mm (range 2.14 to 11.48 mm), respectively. At the time of implant placement, mean changes of initial bone gain were -0.39±0.64mm (range -3.1 to +0.80mm), and -0.49±0.83mm (range –3.7 to +0.4mm), in the vertical and horizontal dimensions, respectively. Reduction of bone volume was significantly higher (P<0.001 for both dimensions) in the exposed sites.
At histologic analysis, mesh appeared well osseointegrated, except that in sites where membrane exposure occurred. In all sites, newly formed tissue resulted highly mineralized, well-organized and formed by 35.88% of new lamellar bone, 16.42% of woven bone, 10.88% of osteoid matrix, 14.10% of grafted remnants and 22.72% of medullary spaces. Blood vessels were the 4 % of the tissue.The mean follow-up of implants after loading was 10.6±6.5months (range: 2 to 26months). The survival rate of implants was 100%. PROMs were very positive: 92.5% of patients would have undergone the procedure again.
DISCUSSION
These three projects have offered, on one side, a relevant opportunity to evaluate the short, medium, and long-term outcomes of both reconstructions with autogenous bone blocks and guided bone regeneration with an innovative, customized, titanium mesh.
On the other side, “intrinsic” methodologic limits have appeared during the development of this PhD thesis, such as:
o heterogeneity of patient samples and type of defects;
o retrospective and prospective type of study;
o duration of the observation period;
o presence/absence of evaluation of bone gain and with different methods;
o different methods used to evaluate bone resorption before implant placement.
Despite these limits, results from these three researches offered relevant information as regards the behaviour of the transplanted /regenerated bone as well as the behaviour of peri-implant bone over time.
Although the three projects significantly differ among them as regards details in the reconstructive procedures, it must be underlined that many aspects are in common.
Therefore, to reduce redundancies it has been decided to write a “unified” discussion which will make it possible a direct comparison of pros, cons, indications and contra-indications of each of them.
More in detail, each of the following issues will be discussed reporting and comparing obtained from each study:
1. bone gain;
2. complication rate of the reconstructive procedure;
3. bone resorption before implant placement;
4. peri-implant bone resorption;
5. survival rate of implants and implant-related complications;
6. patient’s satisfaction inquired with a dedicated questionnaire.
CONCLUSION
Despite the descriptive nature of the first two retrospective longitudinal cohort studies and the variability of the selected patients (including different patients anamnesis, defects locations, defect morphologies, and prosthetic rehabilitations), medium- to long-term results seem to confirm the efficacy of reconstruction of atrophic ridges using autogenous bone blocks taken from both the calvarium and the mandibular ramus covered by a protective layer of bovine bone mineral and stabilized by a collagen membrane. The use of autogenous calvarial grafts may be prefer in case of severely deficient edentulous ridges, when the ramus can offer an insufficient quantity of bone. The low postoperative morbidity, the stability over time of the augmented bone, the high survival rate of implants placed in a prosthetically driven way, leading to very satisfactory prosthetic restorations, confirmed the long-term reliability of these procedures.
Preliminary results of the third prospective study, on the other hand, despite the limited number of patients, implants, short follow-up, and the non-negligible incidence of Ti-mesh exposures, seem to demonstrate that CAD-CAM customized Ti-meshes may represent a reliable GBR option for the correction severely atrophic edentulous ridges in terms of vertical bone gain, limited peri-implant bone resorption and survival rate of implants. It is however worth noting that if on one hand it is possible to simplify the reconstructive procedure thanks to the customization of Ti-meshes, on the other hand surgeons have to face the non-negligible incidence of Ti-mesh exposures and the higher complexity of their removal at the time of implant placement. Therefore, studies involving a higher sample of patients and with longer follow-ups are necessary.
PROMs seem to validate the use of all the regenerative and reconstructive procedures, with high value of patient’ satisfaction.
6
Sánchez, Zavala Gabriela. "RESTAURACIÓN ARQUITECTÓNICA DE LA CAPILLA VIRREINAL DEL SEÑOR DEL CALVARIO EN TOLUCA, INTERVENCIÓN A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XX." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/105080.
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En la ciudad de Toluca, el patrimonio histórico ha sufrido desapego por falta de mantenimiento en sus inmuebles. Éstos se han deteriorado al punto de ser abandonados o demolidos para dar paso a nuevas edificaciones, provocando que la ciudad se vea escasa de historia y cultura que la mantengan como un punto de atracción turística y de inversión.La Capilla del señor del Calvario es considerada Patrimonio histórico por parte del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Sin embargo, las intervenciones que ha sufrido el edificio no han considerado las características que componen al templo y los procedimientos no han sido los adecuados.
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Coussens, Anna Kathleen. "Molecular regulation of calvarial suture morphogenesis and human craniofacial diversity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16481/1/Anna_Coussens_Thesis.pdf.
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This body of work is concerned with the genetics of craniofacial morphology and specifically with that of the cranial sutures which form fibrous articulations between the calvarial bones. The premature fusion of these sutures, known as craniosynostosis, is a common developmental abnormality and has been extensively utilised here as a tool through which to study the genetics of suture morphogenesis and craniofacial diversity.
Investigations began with a search for polymorphisms associated with normal variation in human craniofacial characteristics. Denaturing High-Performance Liquid chromatography was used to identify polymorphisms in two genes causative for
craniosynostosis by analysing DNA from a large cohort of individuals from four
ethnogeographic populations. A single nucleotide polymorphism in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was identified as being associated with variation in the cephalic index, a common measure of cranial shape.
To further, and specifically, investigate the molecular processes of suture morphogenesis gene expression was compared between unfused and prematurely fusing/fused suture tissues isolated from patients with craniosynostosis. Two approaches, both utilising Affymetrix gene expression microarrays, were used to identify genes differentially expressed during premature suture fusion. The first was a novel method which utilised the observation that explant cells from both fused and unfused suture tissue, cultured in minimal medium, produce a gene expression profile characteristic of minimally differentiated osteoblastic cells. Consequently, gene expression was compared between prematurely fused suture tissues and their corresponding in vitro de-differentiated cells. In addition to those genes known to be involved in suture morphogenesis, a large number of novel genes were identified which were up-regulated in the differentiated in vivo state and are thus implicated in premature suture fusion and in vivo osteoblast differentiation.
The second microarray study involved an extensive analysis of 16 suture tissues and compared gene expression between unfused (n=9) and fusing/fused sutures (n=7).
Again, both known genes and a substantially large number of novel genes were identified as being differentially expressed. Some of these novel genes included retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), glypican 3 (GPC3), C1q tumour necrosis factor 3 (C1QTNF3), and WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1). The known functions of these genes are suggestive of potential roles in suture morphogenesis. Realtime quantitative RT PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expression patterns observed for 11 genes and Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy was used to investigate the protein expression for 3 genes of interest. RBP4 was found to be localised on the ectocranial surface of unfused sutures and in cells lining the osteogenic fronts while GPC3 was localised to suture mesenchyme of unfused sutures.
A comparison between each unfused suture (coronal, sagittal, metopic, and lambdoid) demonstrated that gene expression profiles are suture-specific which, based on the identification of differentially expressed genes, suggests possible molecular bases for the differential timing of normal fusion and the response of each suture to different craniosynostosis mutations. One observation of particular interest was the presence of cartilage in unfused lambdoid sutures, suggesting a role for chondrogenesis in posterior skull sutures which have generally been thought to develop by intramembranous ossification without a cartilage precursor.
Finally, the effects of common media supplements used in in vitro experiments to stimulate differentiation of calvarial suture-derived cells were investigated with respect to their ability to induce in vivo-like gene expression. The response to standard differentiation medium (ascorbic acid + β-glycerophosphate) with and without dexamethasone was measured by both mineralisation and matrix formation assays and QRT-PCR of genes identified in the above described microarray studies. Both media induced collagen matrix and bone nodule formation indicative of differentiating osteoblasts. However, the genes expression profiles induced by both media differed and neither recapitulated the levels and profiles of gene expression observed in vivo for cells isolated from both fused and unfused suture tissues. This study has implications for translating results from in vitro work to the in vivo situation. Significantly, the dedifferentiation microarray study identified differentially expressed genes whose products may be considered candidates as more appropriate osteogenic supplements that may be used during in vitro experiments to better induce in vivo-like osteoblast differentiation.
This study has made a substantial contribution to the identification of novel genes and pathways involved in controlling human suture morphogenesis and craniofacial diversity. The results from this research will stimulate new areas of inquiry which will one day aid in the development of better diagnostics and therapeutics for craniosynostosis, and other craniofacial and more general skeletal abnormalities.
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Coussens, Anna Kathleen. "Molecular regulation of calvarial suture morphogenesis and human craniofacial diversity." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16481/.
Full textAbstract:
This body of work is concerned with the genetics of craniofacial morphology and specifically with that of the cranial sutures which form fibrous articulations between the calvarial bones. The premature fusion of these sutures, known as craniosynostosis, is a common developmental abnormality and has been extensively utilised here as a tool through which to study the genetics of suture morphogenesis and craniofacial diversity. Investigations began with a search for polymorphisms associated with normal variation in human craniofacial characteristics. Denaturing High-Performance Liquid chromatography was used to identify polymorphisms in two genes causative for craniosynostosis by analysing DNA from a large cohort of individuals from four ethnogeographic populations. A single nucleotide polymorphism in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was identified as being associated with variation in the cephalic index, a common measure of cranial shape. To further, and specifically, investigate the molecular processes of suture morphogenesis gene expression was compared between unfused and prematurely fusing/fused suture tissues isolated from patients with craniosynostosis. Two approaches, both utilising Affymetrix gene expression microarrays, were used to identify genes differentially expressed during premature suture fusion. The first was a novel method which utilised the observation that explant cells from both fused and unfused suture tissue, cultured in minimal medium, produce a gene expression profile characteristic of minimally differentiated osteoblastic cells. Consequently, gene expression was compared between prematurely fused suture tissues and their corresponding in vitro de-differentiated cells. In addition to those genes known to be involved in suture morphogenesis, a large number of novel genes were identified which were up-regulated in the differentiated in vivo state and are thus implicated in premature suture fusion and in vivo osteoblast differentiation. The second microarray study involved an extensive analysis of 16 suture tissues and compared gene expression between unfused (n=9) and fusing/fused sutures (n=7). Again, both known genes and a substantially large number of novel genes were identified as being differentially expressed. Some of these novel genes included retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), glypican 3 (GPC3), C1q tumour necrosis factor 3 (C1QTNF3), and WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1). The known functions of these genes are suggestive of potential roles in suture morphogenesis. Realtime quantitative RT PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expression patterns observed for 11 genes and Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy was used to investigate the protein expression for 3 genes of interest. RBP4 was found to be localised on the ectocranial surface of unfused sutures and in cells lining the osteogenic fronts while GPC3 was localised to suture mesenchyme of unfused sutures. A comparison between each unfused suture (coronal, sagittal, metopic, and lambdoid) demonstrated that gene expression profiles are suture-specific which, based on the identification of differentially expressed genes, suggests possible molecular bases for the differential timing of normal fusion and the response of each suture to different craniosynostosis mutations. One observation of particular interest was the presence of cartilage in unfused lambdoid sutures, suggesting a role for chondrogenesis in posterior skull sutures which have generally been thought to develop by intramembranous ossification without a cartilage precursor. Finally, the effects of common media supplements used in in vitro experiments to stimulate differentiation of calvarial suture-derived cells were investigated with respect to their ability to induce in vivo-like gene expression. The response to standard differentiation medium (ascorbic acid + β-glycerophosphate) with and without dexamethasone was measured by both mineralisation and matrix formation assays and QRT-PCR of genes identified in the above described microarray studies. Both media induced collagen matrix and bone nodule formation indicative of differentiating osteoblasts. However, the genes expression profiles induced by both media differed and neither recapitulated the levels and profiles of gene expression observed in vivo for cells isolated from both fused and unfused suture tissues. This study has implications for translating results from in vitro work to the in vivo situation. Significantly, the dedifferentiation microarray study identified differentially expressed genes whose products may be considered candidates as more appropriate osteogenic supplements that may be used during in vitro experiments to better induce in vivo-like osteoblast differentiation. This study has made a substantial contribution to the identification of novel genes and pathways involved in controlling human suture morphogenesis and craniofacial diversity. The results from this research will stimulate new areas of inquiry which will one day aid in the development of better diagnostics and therapeutics for craniosynostosis, and other craniofacial and more general skeletal abnormalities.
9
Rawlinson, Simon Charles Fielding. "Early loading-related responses of bone cells." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313688.
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D'Aoust, Paul R. "The use of bisphosphonates to promote healing of rat calvarial wounds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0027/MQ40754.pdf.
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Connor, Elaine Catharine. "The role of hedgehog signalling in calvarial bone and suture development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424472.
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Paré, Arnaud. "Role de l'apport d'une structure tridimensionnelle tripériodique dans la régénération osseuse en zone ischémique : application aux défauts osseux mandibulaires interrupteurs." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1006.
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Dans les défauts osseux mandibulaires interrupteurs étendus, les transplants micro-anastomosés restent le gold standard mais au prix de procédés chirurgicaux lourds et d’une morbidité́ accrue au niveau du site de prélèvement. L’ingénierie tissulaire osseuse a pour objectif d’éviter le prélèvement autologue par l’utilisation de biomatériaux qui servent de support à la repousse osseuse. Les études précédentes ont montré́ la nécessité́ d’y associer des adjuvants cellulaires et moléculaires pour permettre une formation osseuse. Cependant l’efficacité́ reste limitée à des volumes osseux restreints. Cette problématique est principalement due à la difficulté́ de pouvoir contrôler les macro et microarchitectures du scaffold qui doivent favoriser sa colonisation par les cellules endothéliales et ostéogènes. L'autre défi est de pouvoir assurer un apport pérenne en dioxygène et nutriments. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail a été de concevoir une céramique phosphocalcique sur mesure pour une reconstruction segmentaire mandibulaire incluant des caractéristiques architecturales propices à la néoformation osseuse. Une étude préliminaire de faisabilité a été réalisée chez le rat (défauts calvariaux) en associant de la moelle osseuse totale (MOT) à l’implant. Une seconde étude préclinique chez le gros animal (brebis) a ensuite été réalisée en implantant une biocéramique phosphocalcique sur mesure incluant une boucle vasculaire et de la MOT afin de reconstruire un défaut mandibulaire interrupteurIn the craniofacial area, the causes of segmental mandible loss can be from several origins such as oncological excision, trauma or congenital deformities. In this context, autologous free tissue transfer remains the gold standard allowing satisfying functional and aesthetical outcomes but involving heavy surgical procedure, prolonged operative-time and substantial morbidity of the donor site. The goal of bone tissue engineering is to avoid the autologous harvest by the use of biomaterials that serve as support for bone healing. Previous studies have shown the need to combine cellular and molecular adjuvants (e.g., bone marrow, growth factors, osteoprogenitor cells) to scaffolds to obtain de novo bone formation. However, the efficiency for mandible reconstruction remains limited. To contribute to solving this reconstructive roadblock, the control of the scaffold architecture is the cornerstone fostering the colonization by the endothelial and osteogenic cells. The challenge is also to ensure sufficient vascular supply to keep endogenous and exogenous cells alive and functional. Thus, the objective of this work was to design a custom-made macroporous bioceramic tailored to a segmental mandible defect with architectural features, adjuvants and intrinsic vascularization favoring the bone formation. a preliminary study was performed in the rat model to assess the ability of a tailored phosphate calcium bioceramic to promote the bone healing. Then, a preclinical study in larger animal model (sheep) was performed by implanting a biphasic calcium phosphate custom-made bioceramic including a vascular loop and total bone marrow in order to reconstruct a segmental mandibular defect
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Burim, Rafael Augusto. "Avaliação da reparação de defeitos ósseos críticos na calvária de ratos Wistar sob ação sistêmica de Icariin: estudo radiográfico, histomorfológico e histomorfométrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23149/tde-02092013-180120/.
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A reconstrução de defeitos ósseos críticos é alvo de inúmeras pesquisas em cirurgia bucomaxilofacial. Tais pesquisas visam, de maneira geral, a optimização da neoformação óssea e a eliminação dos procedimentos de remoção de osso autógeno para reconstrução. Os modelos animais têm sido a metodologia mais utilizada para avaliar a eficácia de novas substâncias e biomateriais na reparação óssea. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de um flavonóide, o icariin, na reparação óssea de defeitos críticos confeccionados na calvária de ratos Wistar. Um defeito ósseo crítico circular foi confeccionado em 40 calvarias de ratos por meio de uma broca trefina de 8 mm de diâmetro sob irrigação salina constante. Ao final dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, os animais foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em grupo teste (n=20), que recebeu o icariin, na dose de 125 mg/kg de peso e grupo controle (n=20), que recebeu soro fisiológico. Ambas as substâncias foram administradas por meio de gavagem até o dia da eutanásia. Ao final de cada período observacional de 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias, 5 animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados e as amostras da calvária foram removidas e mantidas em formol 10% por 48 horas. As calvárias foram radiografadas e, após descalcificação, foram submetidas à avaliação histológica com coloração hematoxilina-eosina sob microscópio de luz. Os defeitos foram analisados considerando a diminuição da área do defeito na imagem radiográfica, as características de reparo ósseo e a osteogênese na região da ferida. Os resultados da análise radiográfica mostraram que a área do defeito ósseo no grupo teste foi significativamente menor que no grupo controle em todos os períodos observacionais. A avaliação histológica mostrou um aumento na neoformação óssea do grupo teste (p=0,02). A histomorfometria demonstrou osteogênese significante no grupo teste com 7 dias (p=0,021), 14 dias (p=0,014), 21 dias (p=0,021) e 42 dias (p=0,009). Foi possível concluir que o icariin sistêmico induziu uma maior neoformação óssea em defeitos críticos.Bone critical defect reconstruction is an important target in current oral surgery research. Contemporary research has been searching for osteogenesis optimization to minimize the necessity of using autogenous bone grafts procedures. Animal models have been the widespread methodology to evaluate the effect of different new substances and biomaterials in bone healing. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of systemic daily flavonoid, icariin, in the repair of calvaria critical size defects induced in Wistar rats. A round critical size defect was performed centrally in 40 rats calvaria using an 8mm trephine under sterile saline solution irrigation. After surgery, half the animals, randomly, received by gavage daily doses of 125mg/Kg-icariin (Test Group) till the euthanasia. The other half (Control Group) received the same volume of saline solution. Five animals of each group were euthanized after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days postoperatively. The rats calvaria were removed, fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Calvarias were X-rayed and after decalcification they underwent histological examination with hematoxylin eosin stain under a light microscope. Defects were analyzed considering area diminishing in X-ray image, bone healing characteristics and osteogenesis in the defect region. Results showed that bone defect area in Test Group was significant smaller in all observational periods. Histological evaluation showed an increased expression in bone trabeculae neoformation in Test Group (p=0,02). Histomorphometry demonstrated significant osteogenesis in Test Group at 7 days (p=0,021), 14 days (p=0,014), 21 days (p=0,021) and 42 days (p=0,009). It was concluded that systemic icariin induced a more expressive bone healing in critical size defects in rats.
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Goedecke, Anja. "Regulation der Differenzierung von Ratten-Calvaria-Osteoblasten unter Einfluss von Wachstumsfaktoren." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1145965813750-87366.
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Einen Aspekt dieser Arbeit stellt die Analyse der Stimulation von Ratten-Calvaria-Osteoblasten (RCA) mit den beiden Wachstumsfaktoren TGF-b1 und BMP-4 während der Proliferations- sowie Differenzierungs- und Mineralisierungsphase dar. Hierfür soll die Phosphorylierung und Aktivierung von Erk1 und Erk2, sowie von Smad1 und Smad2 mit Hilfe eines Kinase-Aktivitätsassays sowie der Westernblot-Analyse untersucht werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll weiterhin untersucht werden, welche Bedeutung die Wachstumsfaktoren TGF-b1 und BMP-4 auf die Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase (ALP), einem wichtigen Differenzierungsmarker in Osteoblasten, ausüben. Enzymatische Aktivitätsbestimmungen und zytochemische Färbung aktiver ALP sollen darüber Aufschluss geben. Weiterhin soll der Gehalt an ALP-mRNA durch PCR bestimmt werden. Ein weiteres wichtiges Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse der Bedeutung von Erk1, Erk2, Smad1 und Smad2 auf die Aktivität der ALP. Dafür sollen Inhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Die enzymatische Aktivitätsbestimmung soll darüber aufklären. Außerdem soll mit Hilfe von kurzen, doppelsträngigen RNA-Molekülen (siRNA) ein knock down der Kinasen herbeigeführt werden und dessen Auswirkung auf die Aktivität der ALP enzymatisch bestimmt werden. Dafür muss zunächst die Wirksamkeit der siRNA auf RNA-Ebene mittels PCR und auf Proteinebene mittels Westernblot-Analysen überprüft werden. Zusätzlich soll die Bedeutung der Wachstumsfaktoren und der Kinasen Erk1 und Erk2 auf die Mineralisierung der RCA analysiert werden. Dafür wird die Menge des zellassoziierten Kalziums und Phosphats experimentell bestimmt, wodurch der Mineralisationsgrad der Zellen wiedergegeben werden kann.
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Goedecke, Anja. "Regulation der Differenzierung von Ratten-Calvaria-Osteoblasten unter Einfluss von Wachstumsfaktoren." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24695.
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Einen Aspekt dieser Arbeit stellt die Analyse der Stimulation von Ratten-Calvaria-Osteoblasten (RCA) mit den beiden Wachstumsfaktoren TGF-b1 und BMP-4 während der Proliferations- sowie Differenzierungs- und Mineralisierungsphase dar. Hierfür soll die Phosphorylierung und Aktivierung von Erk1 und Erk2, sowie von Smad1 und Smad2 mit Hilfe eines Kinase-Aktivitätsassays sowie der Westernblot-Analyse untersucht werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll weiterhin untersucht werden, welche Bedeutung die Wachstumsfaktoren TGF-b1 und BMP-4 auf die Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase (ALP), einem wichtigen Differenzierungsmarker in Osteoblasten, ausüben. Enzymatische Aktivitätsbestimmungen und zytochemische Färbung aktiver ALP sollen darüber Aufschluss geben. Weiterhin soll der Gehalt an ALP-mRNA durch PCR bestimmt werden. Ein weiteres wichtiges Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse der Bedeutung von Erk1, Erk2, Smad1 und Smad2 auf die Aktivität der ALP. Dafür sollen Inhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Die enzymatische Aktivitätsbestimmung soll darüber aufklären. Außerdem soll mit Hilfe von kurzen, doppelsträngigen RNA-Molekülen (siRNA) ein knock down der Kinasen herbeigeführt werden und dessen Auswirkung auf die Aktivität der ALP enzymatisch bestimmt werden. Dafür muss zunächst die Wirksamkeit der siRNA auf RNA-Ebene mittels PCR und auf Proteinebene mittels Westernblot-Analysen überprüft werden. Zusätzlich soll die Bedeutung der Wachstumsfaktoren und der Kinasen Erk1 und Erk2 auf die Mineralisierung der RCA analysiert werden. Dafür wird die Menge des zellassoziierten Kalziums und Phosphats experimentell bestimmt, wodurch der Mineralisationsgrad der Zellen wiedergegeben werden kann.
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Iera, Deborah. "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and its influence on critical size defects in rabbit calvaria." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99186.
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Objectives. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy could alter the critical size for spontaneous healing of a bone defect in the rabbit calvarial model.Study design. An animal trial of 12 weeks duration was conducted using 20 New Zealand White rabbits, which were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 animals each. Calvarial defects were created in the parietal bone of each animal bilaterally. Defects were critical sized, 15mm on one side and supra critical sized, 18mm on the contralateral side. Group 1 received 90 minutes HBO treatment sessions at 2.4 ATA per day for 20 consecutive days. Group 2 served as a control without any HBO treatment sessions. Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks. Data analysis included qualitative assessment of the calvarial specimens, post sacrifice radiographs as well as histomorphometric analysis to compute the amount of regenerated bone within the defects. Two way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.
Results. Both radiographic analysis and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that HBO treated animals had significantly more new bone within defects compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the percentage of new bone forming in the 15mm and 18mm HBO treated defects. There was no difference between the 6 week and the 12 week HBO treated groups.
Conclusion. HBO is effective in enhancing the bone healing of full thickness critical sized as well as supra-critical sized defects in the rabbit calvarial model. Bone regeneration was significantly greater in the HBO treated animals regardless the defect size. HBO may have increased the diameter of the rabbit critical sized calvarial defect to more than 18mm.
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Wu, Xiaohong. "Development of a mouse calvarial defect model for evaluation of biomaterials : an organ culture study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506280.
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Mouse calvarial organ cultures have been widely utilized for investigating the biologic behaviour of intramembranous bones. This technique can be used to analyze bone both at the tissue and at the cellular level. It also has the ability to isolate local effects from systemic factors. The aim of this study was to establish a mouse calvarial critical size defect (CSD) model for evaluation of biomaterials in vitro.
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Ibarra, Beatriz Adrianna. "The role of ERK signaling in Wnt-dependent repression of cartilage during murine calvarial development." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1625764483934789.
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Wong, Andrew P. "REGENERATIVE POTENTIAL OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL DERIVED EXOSOMES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5856.
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Bone defects are a pervasive complication arising from many clinical conditions, both mechanical and pathological. Current treatments for large bony defects focus on applying bone grafts or synthetic materials to the defect area. Cell-based—and especially stem-cell—therapies have advanced greatly thanks to increasing attention focused on their ability to generate new tissues in situ with biomechanical properties approaching that of native tissue, but they suffer from their own shortcomings as well. Exosomes have been shown to play critical roles in cell-signaling and tissue regeneration and are therefore potentially ideal therapeutic vehicles for treating bone defects. Exosomes are small microvesicles counted amongst stem cells’ paracrine factors capable of delivering nucleic acid and enzymatic protein cargoes in a targeted 2 manner. Our previous studies have shown that hMSC-Exosomes are both proliferative and chemotactic, inhibit inflammatory cytokine production, and suppress osteoclast differentiation. Our long term goal is to develop hMSC-Exosome as a clinical therapy for bone regeneration. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of hMSC-Exosome to enhance bone healing in a rat calvarial defect model, and to further investigate the integrity of the exosome under certain storage conditions. The specific aims of this study were: 1) To determine the osteogenic potential of hMSC-Exosomes in rat calvarial defects, and 2) To determine the impact of variable storage conditions on the integrity of exosomes. To investigate in vivo regenerative potential, rats with surgically-created craniotomy defects were treated with hMSC-Exosome suspension via a collagen gel matrix. After 4 weeks, the calvaria were harvested and analyzed via micro-CT. Volumetric micro-CT analysis showed that hMSC-Exosome could significantly enhance center healing, structural integrity, and growth uniformity in a calvarial defect model. Western blot and TEM showed thorough destruction of surface protein markers and decreased membrane integrity in lyophilized exosome fraction; moderate progressive surface protein marker loss and aggregation were observed with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. In summary, hMSC-Exosome is a promising therapeutic for treatment of bone defects.
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Silva, Eduardo de Paula e. "Avaliação da administração intermitente de hormonio paratireoideo no reparo de defeitos na calvaria de ratos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290047.
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Orientadores: Silvana Pereira Barros, Darcy de Oliveira ToselloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O hormônio paratireóideo (PTH), quando administrado de maneira intermitente, promove anabolismo ósseo. Modelos experimentais em ratos, utilizando PTH intermitente, demonstraram que o anabolismo ósseo promovido diminui a perda óssea ocasionada por periodontite induzida, e acelera o reparo ósseo ao redor de implantes osseointegrados. Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo foi analisar a reparação óssea de defeitos em calotas cranianas de ratos que receberam PTH de maneira intermitente. Nas calotas cranianas de 32 ratos Wistar foram feitos defeitos de 4 mm de diâmetro. Após a cirurgia, 16 ratos receberam 40µg/kg de PTH três vezes por semana, enquanto 16 ratos (controle) receberam 40µg/kg do veículo do PTH com a mesma freqüência. Os animais foram sacrificados após 4 semanas e suas calotas foram removidas, radiografadas e processadas para análise histomorfométrica. As radiografias foram analisadas por meio de um fotodensitômetro, e os valores obtidos, tanto na morfometria quanto da densidade radiográfica, foram submetidos a teste estatístico (teste t). Os resultados mostraram que no grupo tratado com PTH, o tamanho do defeito residual foi menor ( 1,5 mm± 0,73) em relação ao grupo controle (1,98 mm ± 0,68) (p<0,05), e também que o grupo tratado apresentou uma maior densidade radiográfica do que o controle (p<0,01). A administração intermitente de PTH acelerou o processo de reparação dos defeitos na calota craniana
Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects ofintermittent parathyroid hormone PTH(1-34) treatment on bone regeneration of critically sized rat calvarial bone defects. A fullthickness bone defect (diameter 4 mm) was trephined in the central part of the parietal bones in ten-week old male Wistar rats. The animaIs were then divided into 2 groups of 16. The PTH group was subcutaneously administered with 40 microg PTH(1-34) /kg 3 times a week and to the control group it was given the vehicle. The rats were sacrificed at 28 days post surgery, the parietal bones were extracted, X- rayed and samples were prepared to obtain decalcified histological sections. The results were evaluated radiodensitometrically and histomorphometrically. The histomorphometric analysis for residual bone defect, using an image analyzer software, showed the mean values of 1.5mm for PTH group and 1.98mm for control group; indicating statistical significant differences among groups p<0.05 (test t). The photodensitometer analysis demonstrated a lower bone density in the group that did not receive PTH treatment (p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated that intermittent PTH (1-34) treatment could acelerate healing of rat calvarial defects
Mestrado
Histologia e Embriologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Debiais, Françoise. "Effets et mecanismes d'action du fibroblast growth factor-2 sur les osteoblastes de calvaria humaine." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077058.
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Plusieurs arguments laissent penser que le fgf-2 joue un role important dans le controle de la formation osseuse. Cependant, les mecanismes cellulaires et moleculaires par lesquels le fgf-2 peut moduler l'osteogenese sont peu connus. Nous avons etudie les effets de ce facteur de croissance et ses mecanismes d'action en utilisant des cellules osteoblastiques issues de la voute cranienne de nourrissons, constituant un nouveau modele osteogenique recemment developpe dans le laboratoire. Nous avons montre que ces cellules humaines de calvaria expriment les recepteurs fgfr1 et fgfr2 et sont donc des cellules cibles pour le fgf-2. Nous avons precise que le fgf-2 a un effet mitogene, module la differenciation de ces osteoblastes humains de calvaria de facon differente en fonction du stade de maturation cellulaire et peut donc augmenter l'osteogenese par les cellules differenciees. Nous avons mis en evidence pour la premiere fois que la n-cadherine est un gene cible pour le fgf-2 dans ces cellules. Le fgf-2 stimule l'expression de la n-cadherine et augmente l'agregation cellulaire ; cet effet implique les voies de signalisation pkc et src. Les resultats preliminaires de notre etude concernant l'apoptose suggerent un effet initial anti-apoptotique, qui pourrait etre suivi d'un effet pro-apoptotique. Le fgf-2 pourrait ainsi reguler l'osteogenese de la calvaria en favorisant l'adhesion des cellules osteoblastiques au stade precoce de condensation mesenchymateuse. Le fgf-2 augmente la proliferation puis la differenciation des cellules osteoblastiques de facon variable en fonction du stade de differenciation cellulaire, et enfin regule l'apoptose de ces cellules. Ces resultats contribuent a expliquer les effets anaboliques du fgf-2 retrouves
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Raman, Harini. "AN ORGANIC BOVINE HYDROXYAPATITE-PLGA COMPOSITES FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/201.
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The objective of the present study was to synthesize porous, biodegradable poly (D, l- lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA-B-HA (Bovine hydroxyapatite) composite and evaluate the effect of ceramic content on bone marrow cell differentiation in vitro. A macroporous biodegradable PLGA-B-HA composite with the pore size varying from 0.1 to 1000?? and a highly interconnected structure was fabricated using the freeze-drying/lyophilization technique. A pilot study was done to determine the effects of B-HA on to the osteoblast function. The main study was done to determine the effect of the increase in B-HA concentration on to the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Morphological characteristics of the composites were analyzed using FTIR and SEM/EDX analysis. The composites were seeded with neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts (NRCO). The polymer: ceramic ratio in this study was 35%:65%. For comparison parallel experiments involving pure HA-200 discs were performed. SEM results indicated a higher proliferation and mineralization on PLGA-B-HA composites than pure HA discs. In addition, we evaluated the in vitro characteristics of PLGA-B-HA composites with varying ratios, i.e., 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, seeded with rat marrow cells. FTIR indicated an increase in the area under the ceramic peak as ceramic concentration was increased. In addition, the average roughness values increased in the order of 1:3 andgt; 1:2 andgt; 1:1. Both compressive strength and modulus of 1:1 were significantly higher than 1:2 and 1:3 PLGA-B-HA composites. No significant difference in compressive modulli and strengths could be observed for 1:2 and 1:3 PLGA-B-HA composites. Cellular activity was determined by measuring AP activity, total protein analysis and osteocalcin concentration. Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity showed bone cells attached to 1:3 (PLGA-B-HA) expressed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase as compared to 1:1 and 1:2 PLGA-B-HA composites. In addition, cells seeded on to 1:3 composites secreted significantly higher osteocalcin and at a relatively short time period as compared to the other samples. Corrosion studies (ICP) and pH values indicate minimal difference in the concentration of Ca and P and pH in tissue culture media for all the samples at the end of all time periods. Hence we conclude that an increase in the ceramic concentration stimulated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation thereby promoting osteogenesis.
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Alba, Jeff. "THE EFFECTS OF ALPHA-ACTININ-3 KNOCKOUT ON BONE LENGTH AND DENSITY IN THE CRANIAL BASE AND CALVARIAL BONES." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/509374.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
The R577X ACTN3 stop codon polymorphism associates with skeletal Class II and open bite malocclusions. In mice Actn3 KO condylar growth is altered, producing an increase in trabecular number, but decrease in trabecular thickness and separation. This study expands these findings by comparing bone length and quality in the cranial base and calvarial bones of Actn3-/- and Actn3+/+ genotype mice. The heads of 20, 3-month old female mice (10 WT and 10 KO) were scanned using the Skyscan 1172 microCT scanner at a resolution of 9.4µm using a 0.5mm Aluminum filter. The raw microCT data was reconstructed. The macro-anatomy (linear measurements) were obtained using the line measurement tool in CTAn software. Micro-anatomy (Bone volume and trabeculation) were also assessed using the CTAn software. The presphenoido-basisphenoidal and basisphenoido-basioccipital synchondroses were evaluated in entirety and five sutures (frontal, parietal, fronto-parietal, bregma and pari) were segmented as a 1mm wide X 1mm deep X height of suture region of interest. No statistically significant difference between Actn3 KO and WT mice was found in linear measurements of the cranial base and calvarial bones. The ratio of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.) of Actn3 KO and WT suture sites were found to have no statistically significant difference (p range 0.9957-0.0953) The Tb. Sp. of the presphenoido-basisphenoidal synchondrosis was the only location to show statistical significance (p = 0.0331). Tb.Sp of the basisphenoido-basioccipital synchondrosis was found to be nearly statistically significant (p= 0.1818), with power analysis predicting significance at n=51. As seen in previous studies, Actn3 KO mice are shown to have an altered bone quality in cartilaginous growth areas, including the mandibular condyle and cranial base synchondroses.
Temple University--Theses
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Molteni, Alexandra. "Interactions entre proteoglycannes sulfates et facteur de croissance fibroblastique-2 dans la chondro-osteogenese du condyle mandibulaire et l'osteogenese de la calotte cranienne de rat." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05M106.
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Santos, Saulo Cabral dos. "Avaliação da utilização de esponja de chitosan/tricalcio fosfato no reparo de defeitos osseos em calvaria de ratos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290426.
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Orientadores: Antonio Wilson Sallum, Marcio Zaffalon CasatiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A grande busca da periodontia é regenerar nos indivíduos que portaram patologias periodontais as estruturas de suporte dental devastadas pela doença infecciosa. Nos últimos anos, materiais para enxertos ósseos vêm sendo testados e utilizados em larga escala com esse intuito. Embora o uso de osso autógeno seja comumente considerado o material de enxerto de primeira escolha, existe uma série de limitações ao seu uso. Nesse trabalho propusemos avaliar o efeito da esponja de chitosan/tricálcio fosfato, que é um bio-polímero natural não tóxico e biodegradável, no reparo de defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvária de ratos. Foram utilizados 20 ratos, machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar. Confeccionaramse, no osso parietal de cada animal, dois defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico, com broca trefina de 5mm de diâmetro interno, um dos defeitos recebeu a esponja de chitosan (grupo teste) e o outro foi preenchido com osso autógeno particulado (grupo controle positivo). Após 60 dias, cortes histológicos foram executados observando-se, nos defeitos preenchidos com o chitosan, uma média de 37,79% de remanescentes da esponja. Numa análise linear destes defeitos, o preenchimento ósseo ocorreu numa média de 0,57±0,38mm. Nos defeitos preenchidos com osso autógeno (controle positivo), foi registrada uma média de 5,02mm de osso vital. Comparando os dois grupos experimentais em termos percentuais, observamos que no grupo teste o preenchimento com tecido ósseo foi menor que no grupo controle (7,72% e 68,75%) respectivamente, p<0,001 no teste de Tukey). Dessa forma, conclui-se que a esponja de chitosan/tricálcio fosfato tem um deficiente efeito sobre o reparo ósseo em defeitos de calvária de ratos
Abstract: Periodontology great challenge is to aim the regeneration of periodontal apparatus previously exposed to periodontal disease. Bone substitutes have been extensively tested and used to obtain regeneration. Despite autogenous bone has been considered the gold standard material to perform these techniques there are some restrictions which limit its use. The objective of this study is to evaluate the chitosan/tricalcium phosphate sponge, a non-toxic natural and biodegradable biopolymer, in calvarian defects repair. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were used in this research. Two critical defects were prepared on the parietal bone of each animal using a trephine bur of 5mm inside diameter. One of the defects received chitosan sponge as treatment (test group) and the other was treated with particulate autogenous bone (positive control group). After 60 days the animals were sacrificed and the histological sections were obtained. It was observed in test group a mean remaining chitosan sponge of 37,79%. A linear analysis showed a 0,57±0,38 bone fulfilling mean of the test defects. In defects treated with autogenous bone (positive control group) the mean bone vital observed was 5,02mm. In percentual terms the defect bone fulfilling was less observed in test group rather than control group (7,72% and 68,75% respectively, Tukey test p<0,001). Chitosan/tricalcium phosphate sponge does not improve bone repair in rats calvarian defects
Doutorado
Periodontia
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Semeghini, Mayara Sgarbi. "Avaliação da expressão gênica em larga escala de células osteoblásticas da calvária e da medula óssea de ratas ovariectomizadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58137/tde-20032015-083227/.
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A remodelação óssea é um processo fisiológico que mantém a integridade do esqueleto através da substituição do osso antigo por uma matriz óssea jovem. No entanto, na osteoporose a formação óssea, comparada à reabsorção, fica prejudicada em virtude da queda do número de osteoblastos e redução de suas atividades, levando a uma perda da microarquitetura do tecido ósseo, tornando-o frágil e com suscetibilidade à fratura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comprovar diferenças comportamentais em células osteoblásticas provenientes da medula óssea e da calvária de ratas induzidas à osteoporose por meio de expressão gênica em larga escala. Foram utilizadas 18 ratas Wistar divididas em grupos controle e overiectomizadas. Após 150 dias da cirurgia, as ratas de ambos os grupos foram sacrificadas para coleta dos fêmures e fragmentos da calvária. As células recolhidas a partir da medula óssea e calvária foram cultivadas em placas de 24 poços (n=5) para avaliação da proliferação e viabilidade celular e em garrafas de cultura para a extração do RNA total dessas células. Em seguida, o RNA total foi quantificado e sua integridade analisada por meio do sistema de eletroforese microfluídica. Foi realizada a identificação da modulação de genes e avaliação dos microRNAs envolvidos na inibição gênica por meio de cDNA microarray. As células da medula óssea do grupo controle (MC) mostraram uma diminuição significativa na proliferação quando comparado com às células do grupo controle da calvária (CC) em todos os períodos (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, as células da medula óssea de ratas ovariectomizadas (MO) revelaram um aumento significativo na taxa de proliferação após 7 e 10 dias (p < 0,01) em comparação às células da calvária de ratas ovariectomizadas (CO). A viabilidade celular foi maior em todos os períodos estudados dos grupos CC e CO em relação aos grupos MC e MO (p < 0,05). Os dados de microarray foram normalizados utilizando-se quantil e após análise estatística por teste-t não pareado com p-value ≤ 0,005 e posterior fold change ≥ 2,0, foram evidenciados 5447 mRNAs diferencialmente expressos nas células da calvária e 4399 mRNAs nas células da medula óssea. Os dados de miRNAs foram normalizados utilizando-se também o quantil e após análise estatística por teste-t moderado com p-value ≤ 0,05 e posterior fold change ≥ 1.5, foram evidenciados 84 miRNAs diferencialmente expressos nas células de calvária e 55 miRNAs nas células da medula óssea. No grupo de genes reprimidos da CC destacam-se Notch1, Dlx5, Fgf1, Il6 e Fgfr2 como reguladores da proliferação celular e as Caspases 6 e 12 como resposta a substâncias orgânicas. Já no grupo de genes induzidos da CC encontramos os genes Gli1 e Bmp7 como reguladores da proliferação celular, Gli1, Bmp3 e Mmp2 no processo biológico de desenvolvimento ósseo e Lrp1, Mmp2 e a família Tgfβ1, 2 e 3 no envelhecimento, entre outros. Dentre os genes reprimidos do grupo da MO encontram-se o Csf1, Sparc e Tnf como reguladores da proliferação celular e Anxa5, Col1a1, Spp1, Sparc, Tnf e Mmp2 no processo biológico de resposta a substâncias orgânicas e no grupo de genes induzidos os genes Notch1, Bmp4, Dlx5 e Stat6 como reguladores da proliferação celular e os genes Alpl, Bmp4 e Casp6 no processo de resposta a substâncias orgânicas, entre outros. Dentre os miRNAs encontrados, membros da família 30 (miR-30a, 30c e 30d) apresentaram-se induzidos tanto na CO quanto na MO, sendo que estes miRNAs atuam como reguladores negativos da diferenciação osteoblástica. Já o miR-17 que está relacionado com a regulação positiva da osteogênese apresentou-se reprimido tanto na CO quanto na MO. O miR-542-3p suprime a diferenciação osteogênica e promove a apoptose dos osteoblastos reprimindo o gene Bmp7 e a sua via de sinalização. Esse miRNA está induzido tanto no grupo da CO quanto na MO. Esses dados confirmam que nas ratas ovariectomizadas há uma menor atividade osteoblástica e maior atividade osteoclástica. Os dados encontrados no trabalho sugerem uma diferença na expressão gênica não só das células diferenciadas da calvária, mas também aquelas ainda presentes na medula óssea, influenciando, assim, a formação adequada de tecido ósseo em uma situação de osteoporose.Bone remodeling is a physiological process which maintains skeleton integrity replacing old bone by a young bone matrix. In some diseases such as osteoporosis bone formation is impaired due to the decrease in the number of osteoblasts and reduction of their activities leading to a loss of bone tissue microarchitecture, making it fragile and susceptible to fracture. The objective of this study was to evaluate behavioral differences in osteoblast-like cells from calvaria and bone marrow of rats induced to osteoporosis by ovariectomy through large-scale gene expression analysis. Eighteen Wistar rats were used and divided into control and ovariectomized groups. After 150 days of surgery, the rats of both groups were sacrificed for collection of femurs and calvaria fragments. The cells collected from bone marrow and calvaria were grown in 24-well plates (n = 5) for cell proliferation and viability analysis, as well as grown in culture bottles for total RNA extraction of these cells. The RNA was quantified and its integrity assessed by gel electrophoresis in a microfluidic system. Identification of gene modulation as well as microRNAs involved in gene inhibition was performed by cDNA microarray. Bone marrow cells from the control group (MC) showed a significant decrease in proliferation compared with cells from the calvaria control group (CC) in all periods (p <0.05). On the other hand, bone marrow cells of ovariectomized rats (MO) revealed a significant increase in the proliferation rate after 7 and 10 days (p<0.01) compared to calvaria cells of ovariectomized rats (CO). Cell viability was higher in all periods of CC and CO groups compared to MC and MO groups (p <0.05). Microarray data were normalized using quantile and after statistical analysis by unpaired t-test with p-value ≤ 0.005 and subsequent fold change ≥ 2.0, 5.447 differentially expressed mRNAs were detected in calvaria cells and 4.399 mRNAs in bone marrow cells. The miRNAs data were also normalized using the quantile and after statistical analysis by moderate ttest with p-value ≤ 0.05 and subsequent fold change ≥ 1.5, 84 miRNAs differentially expressed in calvaria cells were detected and 55 miRNAs in bone marrow cells. In CC group, there may be highlighted repressed genes such as Notch1, Dlx5, Fgf1, Fgfr2 and Il6 as regulators of cell proliferation and caspases 6 and 12 in response to organic substances. The same group showed induced genes such as Gli1 and Bmp7 genes as regulators of cell proliferation, Gli1, Bmp3 and Mmp2 involved in the biological process of bone development and Lrp1, Mmp2 and Tgfβ1, 2 and 3 family linked to aging. Among the genes repressed in the MO group are Csf1, Sparc and Tnf as regulators of cell proliferation and Anxa5, Col1a1, Spp1, Sparc, Tnf and Mmp2 associated to biological process of response to organic substances. In the group of induced genes of MO group we found Notch1, Bmp4, Dlx5 and Stat6 as regulators of cell proliferation and Alpl, Bmp4 and Casp6 genes related to the process of response to organic substances. Among the miRNAs found, members of 30 family (miR-30a, 30c and 30d) were induced in the CO and MO groups and these miRNAs act as negative regulators of osteoblastic differentiation. The miR-17 is associated with upregulation of osteogenesis and it is repressed in both ovariectomized groups. MiR- 542-3p suppresses osteogenic differentiation and promotes osteoblast apoptosis repressing Bmp7 gene and its signaling pathway. This miRNA was induced in the CO and MO group. These data confirm that in ovariectomized rats there is a decrease in osteoblastic activity and increased osteoclastic activity. The data found in the present investigation suggest a difference in gene expression not only of differentiated cells from calvaria but also those still present in the bone marrow, thus affecting the proper formation of bone tissue in a situation of osteoporosis.
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Stronski, Stefan A. Bettschen-Camin Liana. "Bisphosphonates inhibit 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ induced osteocalcin synthesis in the rat in vivo and in the rat calvaria in vitro /." [S.l : s.n.], 1987. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ransjö, Maria. "Regulation of bone resorption by the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system a biochemical study on mouse calvarial bones and isolated bone cells /." Umeå, Sweden : University of Umeå, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18171035.html.
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Garcia, Robson Rodrigues. "Comparação de matrizes osseas desmineralizadas sobre o processo de regeneração ossea. Estudo histologico em calvaria de coelhos /c Robson Rodrigues Garcia." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289428.
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Orientador: Jose Ricardo de Albergaria-BarbosaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento de materiais que possam induzir a neoformação de tecido ósseo perdido evita a necessidade de uma segunda cirurgia para obtenção de enxerto ósseo autógeno. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar histologicamente o efeito de dois tipos de matrizes ósseas desmineralizadas, sobre o processo de reparo ósseo em calvária de coelhos. Foram utilizados dezoito coelhos e em cada calvária foram preparadas duas cavidades ósseas cirúrgicas, sendo uma do lado direito e a outra do lado esquerdo da sutura parietal. As cavidades do lado esquerdo foram utilizadas como controle e preenchidas apenas com sangue do animal. No grupo I, as cavidades do lado direito foram preenchidas com uma matriz óssea desmineralizada de origem bovina (OSSEOBOND 'MARCA REGISTRADA¿). No grupo II, as cavidades do lado direito foram preenchidas com uma matriz óssea desmineralizada de origem humana ('DEMBONE POT. TM¿). Os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos pós-operatórios de 3, 7 e 15 semanas. A análise das amostras sob microscopia ótica revelou que no grupo I as partículas foram reabsorvidas mais rapidamente que no grupo II. Nos períodos de 7 e 15 semanas a neoformação óssea foi melhor nos grupos I e II em relação as cavidades de controle. Nos grupos I, II e nas cavidades controle a neoformação óssea foi melhor evidenciada após 15 semanas, apesar de não ter ocorrido regeneração óssea completa em nenhum dos grupos estudados
Abstract: The development of materials that can substitute lost bone tissue avoid the necessity of a second surgery to remove an autologous bone graft. Therefore, the aim of this study was to histologically analysis the effect of two different demineralized bone matrix on the bone regeneration process in rabbits skulls. Eighteen rabbits were used, and on each calvaria two surgical bone defects were created, one on the right si de and the other on the left side of the parietal suture. The cavities on the left side were used like control and filled just with the animal blood. In group I, the cavities on the right side were filled with a bovine demineralized bone matrix (Osseobond). In group II, the cavities on the right side were filled with a human demineralized bone matrix (Dembone). The animais were sacrificed in postoperative period of 3,7, e 15 weeks. Histologic analyses of the s~cimens on light microscope revealed that group I the partides were reabsorbed faster than in group II, as seen after 3 and 7 weeks. After 7 and 15 weeks bone repair was better in group I and II, in contrast with control cavities. Group I, II and control cavities had better bone repair after 15 weeks despite, although there was not complete bone repair in none of the groups
Mestrado
Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Silva, Claudia Jordão. "Efeito de eletroestimulação sobre o processo de reparo de cavidade ossea cirurgica, com ou sem enxerto osseo. Estudo histologico em calvaria de coelho." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289431.
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Orientador: Jose Ricardo de Albergaria-BarbosaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar histologicamente o processo de reparo de defeitos ósseos, criados cirurgicamente em calvária de coelho, com ou sem enxerto ósseo e submetidos ou não a eletroestimulação. Foram utilizados 18 coelhos, sendo que cada um deles recebeu duas osteotomias na calvária. Na osteotomia do osso parietal direito o fragmento removido foi imediatamente reposicionado, sendo que no parietal esquerdo o fragmento foi desprezado. Os animais dos grupos tratados receberam a eletroestimulação por uma hora, durante 21 dias. Já os animais do grupo controle foram submetidos as mesmas condições de stress, porém com o aparelho desligado. Os períodos de sacrifício foram as quatro, oito e quinze semanas, compreendendo seis animais sacrificados em cada período. A análise dos espécimes sob a microscopia óptica revelou neoformação óssea em todos os animais. Nos animais com enxerto ósseo houve uma reparação mais acentuada quando comparados com o grupo sem enxerto. A eletroestimulação parece ter alterado o processo de reparo ósseo de maneira discreta
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to histologicalIy evaluate the healing process in bone defects surgically created in calvaria of rabbits, with or without bone grafts under the action of eletrotherapy or not. It were utilized 18 rabbits with 2 perfurations in each calvaria. In the right parietal bone perforation the fragment removed was immediately grafted in its place. lu the left parietal bone the fragment was thrown away. The animais in the treated group received 1 hour of eletrotherapy dayly, during 21 days. The animals in the control group were submitted to the same stress conditions, but the stimulator was turned off. The sacrifice periods were 4, 7 and 15 weeks, with 6 sacrificed animais in each group. The analysis of the specimens under optical microscopy revealed bone formation in all animals. In the animals with the bone grafted there was a more noticeable healing when compared to the animais in the control group. With regard the electrotherapy it seems to affect the bone healing mildly
Mestrado
Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Anagnostou, Fani. "Caracterisation de l'activite phosphohydrolase de l'ecto-phosphatase alcaline et son role dans la mineralisation dans les cellules de calvaria de rat foetal en culture." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA07GA02.
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Ramos, Cristiane Cagnoni. "Terapia celular associada à proteína morfogenética óssea para o tratamento de defeito de calvária murina em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-23022015-092457/.
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O tecido ósseo é considerado um tecido complexo e possui alta capacidade de reparação espontânea quando lesionado. Entretanto, em algumas patologias esta capacidade pode estar comprometida por diversos fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos ao organismo. Em decorrência de sua capacidade plástica, o uso de células-tronco para terapia celular regenerativa tem se tornado uma importante ferramenta no tratamento de lesões ósseas e de doenças decorrentes da perda da densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Em contraste, o uso da Proteína Morfogenética Óssea (BMP) ganhou grande destaque pela sua eficácia em tratar doenças ósseas de caráter crônico e, quando associadas a células-tronco, trouxe um melhor resultado para tais desordens. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a associação de célula-tronco mesenquimal de medula óssea (MSC Mesenchymal Stem Cells) e BMP-7 na regeneração óssea a partir de defeito ósseo induzido na calvária murina no 60º dia de tratamento. Foram realizadas imagens radiográficas da calvária e, após os dias estipulados, o material foi coletado para análise de microscópica. Os dados obtidos sugerem que o modelo de regeneração óssea proposto foi apropriado para avaliar a resposta terapêutica usando MSC e BMP-7, onde o cultivo e pré-diferenciação de MSC com BMP-7 produziu melhores resultados do que os outros tratamentos realizadosBone tissue is considered a complex tissue and has high capacity for spontaneous recovery when injured. However, in some conditions this capacity can be compromised by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors to the body. Due to its plastic capacity, the use of stem cells for regenerative cell therapy has become an important tool in the treatment of bone injuries and diseases resulting from loss of bone mineral density (BMD). In contrast, the use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) has gained wide attention for its effectiveness in treating bone diseases were chronic and brought a better outcome for such disorders when associated with stem cells. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the association of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and BMP-7 in bone regeneration from bone defects induced in murine calvaria on the 60th day of treatment. Radiographic images of the calvaria were performed and after the stipulated days the material was collected for microscopic essays. The data obtained suggest that the proposed model of bone regeneration was appropriate to assess the therapeutic response using MSC and BMP-7, where the pre cultivation and differentiation of MSCs with BMP-7 produced better results than the other treatments performed.
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Junior, Wagner Fernandes Pedrosa. "Estudo imunoistoquímico, tomográfico e histológico sobre a remodelação de enxertos ósseos \'onlay\'. Parte II (Calota Craniana)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58136/tde-19022009-140237/.
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Vários estudos têm abordado fatores que governam a longevidade dos enxertos ósseos \"onlay\". Entretanto, poucas informações têm sido disponibilizadas sobre eventos moleculares que ocorrem ao longo do tempo. Os enxertos de calota craniana têm sido reportados produzir respostas superiores em relação a outras regiões doadoras nas reconstruções maxilo-faciais, mas sem a devida comprovação científica. Este estudo tem por objetivos (1) estudar o padrão morfológico de enxertos ósseos \"onlay\" de calota craniana e compará-los com os eventos biológicos através de respostas imunoistoquímicas e (2) estabelecer os efeitos das perfurações no leito receptor sobre a manutenção do volume e densidade óssea. Sessenta coelhos do tipo New-Zealand White foram submetidos à enxertia óssea \"onlay\" de calota craniana na mandíbula. Em trinta coelhos o leito receptor foi perfurado (grupo perfurado) enquanto nos demais o leito foi mantido intacto (grupo não perfurado). Seis animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados aos 5, 7, 10, 20 e 60 dias após a cirurgia. Cortes histológicos foram preparados da região enxertada para análises imunoistoquímica e histológica. Na avaliação imunoistoquímica se observou marcações das proteínas Osteoprotegerina (OPG), \"Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-ß ligand\" (RANKL), Fosfatase Alcalina (ALP), Osteopontina (OPN), \"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor\" (VEGF), \"Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase\" (TRAP), Colágeno do tipo I (COL I) e Osteocalcina (OC). O exame tomográfico foi realizado após a cirurgia e no sacrifício dos animais. Os achados histológicos revelaram que as perfurações contribuíram para uma maior deposição óssea nos períodos iniciais na interface entre o enxerto e o leito receptor, acelerando o processo de incorporação. Os resultados tomográficos mostraram menor reabsorção para o grupo perfurado (P≤0,05) e ambos os grupos mostraram altas taxas de densidade óssea aos 60 dias. Estas evidências são corroboradas pelos resultados imunoistoquímicos que mostraram maior marcação de proteínas ligadas a revascularização e osteogênese (VEGF, OPN, TRAP e ALP) no grupo perfurado. Esses achados indicam que o volume ósseo de enxertos da calota craniana é mais bem conservado quando o leito receptor é perfurado, provavelmente em razão de uma mais efetiva revascularização do enxerto e maior deposição óssea.Several studies have discussed factors that govern the longevity of onlay bone grafts. However, little information has been made available on molecular events that occur over time. Cranial bone grafts have been reported to produce greater responses compared to other donor regions in maxillofacial reconstructions, but necessary scientific verification was still lacking. The objectives of this study are (1) to study the morphological pattern of cranial onlay bone grafts and compare them to the biological events through immunohistochemical responses, and (2) to establish the effects of perforations on maintaining the volume and bone density of the receptor bed. Sixty New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to cranial onlay bone grafts of the mandible. In thirty rabbits, the receptor bed was perforated (perforated group), while for the remaining specimens the bed was kept intact (non-perforated group). Six animals from each group were culled at 5, 7, 10, 20 and 60 days after surgery. Histological cuts from the grafted area were prepared for immunohistochemical and histological analyses. During the immunohistochemical evaluation, markers were found for proteins Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-ß ligand (RANKL), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Osteopontin (OPN), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP), Type I Collagen (COL I) and Osteocalcin (OC). The tomography examination (CT scan) was conducted after surgery and at culling. The histological findings revealed that the perforations contributed to higher bone deposition during the initial stages at the graft-receptor bed interface, accelerating the incorporation process. The results of the CT scan showed lower resorption for the perforated group (P≤0.05), and both groups showed high bone density rates at 60 days. This set of evidence is corroborated by the immunohistochemical results, which showed more markers of proteins associated with revascularization and osteogenesis (VEGF, OPN, TRAP and ALP) in the perforated group. These findings indicate that the bone volume of cranial dome grafts is better maintained when the receptor bed is perforated, probably resulting from more effective graft revascularization and greater bone deposition.
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Oliveira, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de [UNESP]. "Efeito do extrato insaponificável de abacate e soja na doença periodontal induzida, na osseointegração de implantes e no reparo de defeitos críticos de calvaria de ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114049.
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000805843.pdf: 3556362 bytes, checksum: f867633a7bc29a4e7b8789e98c5bbec6 (MD5)Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em ratos, a influência da utilização do extrato de óleo insaponificável de abacate e soja (ASU) no reparo da periodontite induzida por ligaduras, na osseointegração de implantes e na integração de biomateriais osteocondutores. Para isso foram avaliadas as hipóteses de que o ASU poderia: 1)Aumentar o reparo da periodontite induzida; 2)Favorecer o reparo associado ao tratamento da periodontite induzida; 3)Acelerar a osseointegração; 4)Influenciar na integração de enxertos osteocondutores. Para a avaliação da primeira hipótese foram utilizados 84 ratos que foram submetidos a indução da periodontite por meio de ligaduras e que foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos: CTR: Administração do soro fisiológico(SS) no mesmo dia da indução da periodontite; ASU/-7: Administração de ASU iniciada 7 dias antes da indução de periodontite(0.6 mg/kg); ASU/0: Administração de ASU iniciada no dia da indução da periodontite; ASU/+7: Administração do ASU iniciada no dia da remoção da ligadura. As ligaduras, que foram inseridas bilateralmente nos segundos molares superiores, foram removidas após 7 dias e os medicamentos foram administrados diariamente por gavagem até o sacrifício dos animais (7, 15 e 30 dias). Foram realizadas análise microtomográfica (%volume ósseo), histomorfométricas (% osso na região da furca, distancias da junção cemento-esmalte(JCE) ao topo da crista óssea(CO) e a porção apical do epitélio juncional (aJE), imunohistoquímica (TRAP, RANKL e Fosfatase Alcalina) e de qPCR (IL1β, IL6, TNFα, RANKL e Fosfatase Alcalina). Para avaliação da segunda hipótese foram utilizados 84 ratos que foram submetidos a indução da periodontite por meio de ligaduras e que foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos: SRP–Administração de SS no dia do tratamento; SRP/ASU-7: Administração do ASU iniciada 7 dias antes da indução da periodontite(0.6 mg/kg); SRP/ASU0...
The aim of this study was to evaluate in rats the effect of the avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the bone repair in induced periodontitis, on the osseointegration of dental implants, and on the repair of the critical sized calvaria defects filled or no with biomaterials. For this purpose, the following hypothesis regarding the use of ASU were tested: 1)Improve the periodontal repair in induced periodontitis; 2)Improve the periodontal repair after the treatment of the induced periodontitis; 3) Accelerate osseointegration; 4) Improve the integration of osteoconductors bone grafts in the critical size calvaria defects. For the evaluation of the first hypothesis, eighty-four animals were randomly assigned into four equally-sized groups, receiving daily by gavage either sterile saline (CTR) or ASU (0.6 mg/kg), starting either 7 days prior to- (ASU/-7), or on the day- (ASU/0), or 7 days after (ASU/+7) periodontitis induction. Periodontitis was induced by placing silk ligatures into the gingival sulcus of the second maxillary molars for 7 days; thereafter the ligatures were removed. Seven animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15 or 30 days after ligature removal. Bone resorption was evaluated by histomorphometry and micro CT. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate TRAP, RANKL, Alkaline phosphatase and qPCR to evaluate IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, Alkaline phosphatase (AP). For the evaluation of the second hypothesis, periodontitis was induced in 84 rats via ligature placement around the second upper molar, which was removed after 7 days, and scaling was performed at this time. Subsequently, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 21 animals each: One in which saline solution (SS) was administered (SRP) and three in which ASU was administered (0.6 g/kg/day), beginning either 7 days before the induction of periodontitis (SRP/ASU-7), on the day of periodontitis induction (SRP/ASU0), or on the day of treatment...
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Oliveira, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de. "Efeito do extrato insaponificável de abacate e soja na doença periodontal induzida, na osseointegração de implantes e no reparo de defeitos críticos de calvaria de ratos /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114049.
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Orientador: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici MarcantonioBanca: Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
Banca: Francisco Humberto Nociti Jr.
Banca: Valdir Gouveia Garcia
Banca: Joni augusto Cirelli
Resumo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em ratos, a influência da utilização do extrato de óleo insaponificável de abacate e soja (ASU) no reparo da periodontite induzida por ligaduras, na osseointegração de implantes e na integração de biomateriais osteocondutores. Para isso foram avaliadas as hipóteses de que o ASU poderia: 1)Aumentar o reparo da periodontite induzida; 2)Favorecer o reparo associado ao tratamento da periodontite induzida; 3)Acelerar a osseointegração; 4)Influenciar na integração de enxertos osteocondutores. Para a avaliação da primeira hipótese foram utilizados 84 ratos que foram submetidos a indução da periodontite por meio de ligaduras e que foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos: CTR: Administração do soro fisiológico(SS) no mesmo dia da indução da periodontite; ASU/-7: Administração de ASU iniciada 7 dias antes da indução de periodontite(0.6 mg/kg); ASU/0: Administração de ASU iniciada no dia da indução da periodontite; ASU/+7: Administração do ASU iniciada no dia da remoção da ligadura. As ligaduras, que foram inseridas bilateralmente nos segundos molares superiores, foram removidas após 7 dias e os medicamentos foram administrados diariamente por gavagem até o sacrifício dos animais (7, 15 e 30 dias). Foram realizadas análise microtomográfica (%volume ósseo), histomorfométricas (% osso na região da furca, distancias da junção cemento-esmalte(JCE) ao topo da crista óssea(CO) e a porção apical do epitélio juncional (aJE), imunohistoquímica (TRAP, RANKL e Fosfatase Alcalina) e de qPCR (IL1β, IL6, TNFα, RANKL e Fosfatase Alcalina). Para avaliação da segunda hipótese foram utilizados 84 ratos que foram submetidos a indução da periodontite por meio de ligaduras e que foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos: SRP-Administração de SS no dia do tratamento; SRP/ASU-7: Administração do ASU iniciada 7 dias antes da indução da periodontite(0.6 mg/kg); SRP/ASU0...
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in rats the effect of the avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the bone repair in induced periodontitis, on the osseointegration of dental implants, and on the repair of the critical sized calvaria defects filled or no with biomaterials. For this purpose, the following hypothesis regarding the use of ASU were tested: 1)Improve the periodontal repair in induced periodontitis; 2)Improve the periodontal repair after the treatment of the induced periodontitis; 3) Accelerate osseointegration; 4) Improve the integration of osteoconductors bone grafts in the critical size calvaria defects. For the evaluation of the first hypothesis, eighty-four animals were randomly assigned into four equally-sized groups, receiving daily by gavage either sterile saline (CTR) or ASU (0.6 mg/kg), starting either 7 days prior to- (ASU/-7), or on the day- (ASU/0), or 7 days after (ASU/+7) periodontitis induction. Periodontitis was induced by placing silk ligatures into the gingival sulcus of the second maxillary molars for 7 days; thereafter the ligatures were removed. Seven animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15 or 30 days after ligature removal. Bone resorption was evaluated by histomorphometry and micro CT. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate TRAP, RANKL, Alkaline phosphatase and qPCR to evaluate IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, Alkaline phosphatase (AP). For the evaluation of the second hypothesis, periodontitis was induced in 84 rats via ligature placement around the second upper molar, which was removed after 7 days, and scaling was performed at this time. Subsequently, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 21 animals each: One in which saline solution (SS) was administered (SRP) and three in which ASU was administered (0.6 g/kg/day), beginning either 7 days before the induction of periodontitis (SRP/ASU-7), on the day of periodontitis induction (SRP/ASU0), or on the day of treatment...
Doutor
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Kotake, Bruna Gabriela dos Santos. "Avaliação da reparação óssea em defeitos críticos após a aplicação da proteína rhBMP-2 pura e/ou combinada em animais normais e sob efeito do alcoolismo crônico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58137/tde-04122012-164616/.
Full textAbstract:
O alcoolismo é considerado um redutor da formação óssea, podendo levar a distúrbios osteometabólicos, já a rhBMP-2 é uma proteína morfogenética conhecida por desempenhar um papel importante nos processos de reparação e indução da formação óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ação do alcoolismo e a resposta do reparo em defeitos ósseos (DO) na calvária de ratos, após a aplicação da rhBMP-2, pura e combinada a uma matriz de colágeno. Foram utilizados 80 ratos divididos em 8 grupos, cada um deles com um período de espera até o sacrifício de 4 e 6 semanas, após a criação cirúrgica do defeito ósseo na calvária de 5 mm. Os grupos foram divididos em G1) água \"ad libitum\" + DO, G2) álcool \"ad libitum\" + DO, G3) água + DO + 5μg rhBMP-2 pura, G4) álcool + DO + 5μg rhBMP-2 pura, G5) água + DO + carreador esponja de colágeno, G6) álcool + DO + carreador esponja de colágeno, G7) água e + DO + 5μg rhBMP- 2/esponja de colágeno, G8) álcool + DO + 5μg rhBMP-2/esponja de colágeno. Os dados radiográficos e os dados para a análise de fibras colágena tipo I e III foram submetidos à análise estatística Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn\'s Multiple, os dados histológicos ao teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) e Tukey. O resultado encontrado para a análise radiográfica no tempo de 6 semanas demonstrou que os grupos tratados com rhBMP-2 independente da utilização do carreador e do etanol apresentaram maior neoformação óssea (p<0,05), para o tempo de 4 semanas não foi encontrada diferença estatística. Para a análise imunoistoquímica, a ostecalcina (OC) e sialoproteína óssea (BPS) foram predominantes nos grupos tratados com rhBMP-2. Para a análise histológica, a quantificação de fibras colágenas tipo I apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos (p<0,05), com aumento destas fibras principalmente nos grupos tradados com rhBMP-2 associado a esponja de colágeno; e na análise quantitativa por estereologia, o volume de tecido ósseo neoformado foi maior para os grupos tratados com rhBMP-2 pura ou associada ao carreador, porém para os grupos tratados com etanol, houve maior neoformação óssea para o grupo tratado com rhBMP-2 associado ao carreador nos períodos de 4 e 6 semanas (p<0,001). Concluiu-se neste modelo experimental que, o carreador foi efetivo na bioliberação da rhBMP-2, mesmo na presença do etanol.Alcoholism is considered a reducer for new bone formation, may leading to osteometabolic disturbance, considering that the rhBMP-2 is a morphogenetic protein known to play an important role in the bone healing processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of alcoholism and its effect on the repair of bone defects (DO) performed in rat calvaria after the rhBMP-2 application, pure or combined with a collagen matrix. We used 80 rats divided into eight groups, each one with a waiting period for sacrifice of 4 and 6 weeks after the bone defect (5mm) delineation in the rat skull. The groups were divided into: G1) water \"ad libitum\" + DO, G2) alcohol \"ad libitum\" + DO, G3) water + DO + 5μg pure rhBMP-2, G4) alcohol + DO + 5μg pure rhBMP-2, G5 ) DO + water + collagen sponge carrier, G6) alcohol + DO + collagen sponge carrier, G7) and water + DO + 5μg rhBMP-2/collagen sponge, G8) alcohol + DO + 5μg of rhBMP-2/collagen sponge. The radiographic data were submitted to statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn\'s Multiple, histological data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Radiographically, it was found after 6 weeks that the groups treated with rhBMP-2, independently of the carrier use and ethanol administration, more new bone formation (p<0.05), at 4 weeks it was not found statistical difference. For immunohistochemical analysis, ostecalcin (OC), and bone sialoprotein (BPS) were predominant in groups treated with rhBMP-2. For histological quantification of collagen type I fibers, statistical difference between groups was found (p<0.05) with the increasing of these fibers in the groups treated with rhBMP-2 combined with collagen sponge; and quantitative by stereology, aiming to calculate the volume of new bone, it was found higher values for the groups treated with rhBMP-2 pure or combined to the carrier; but for the groups treated with ethanol, it was found higher bone formation in the groups treated with rhBMP-2 associated to the carrier in the periods of 4 and 6 weeks (p <0.001). It was concluded in this experimental model that the carrier was effective for rhBMP-2 delivery, even in the presence of ethanol.
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Laureano, Filho Jose Rodrigues. "Comparação entre a matriz ossea desmineralizada e a poliuretana derivada do oleo da mamona sobre o processo de regeneração ossea : estudo histologico e histometrico em calvaria de coelhos." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289434.
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Orientador : Jose Ricardo de Albergaria-BarbosaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T10:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaureanoFilho_JoseRodrigues_D.pdf: 6108105 bytes, checksum: a89093a2ce1e9959a1885c1301670cff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: O presente estudo destinou-se a analisar histológica e histometricamente o efeito de uma matriz óssea desmineralizada de origem humana e de uma resina poliuretana derivada do óleo da mamona, sobre o processo de regeneração óssea. Para isto foram utilizado a calvária de 24 coelhos, onde foram preparadas duas cavidades ósseas cirúrgicas, sendo uma do lado direito e a outra do lado esquerdo da sutura parietal. Estes animais foram divididos em dois grupos. No primeiro a cavidade experimental (lado direito) foi preenchida com a matriz óssea desmineralizada de origem humana, enquanto no segundo esta foi preenchida com a poliuretana derivada do óleo da mamona. As cavidades de controle foram preenchidas apenas com o sangue do animal. Os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos pós-operatórios de 04, 07 e 15 semanas. A análise das amostras sob microscopia óptica revelou que a neoformação óssea foi favorecida tanto no grupo do Osso Desmineralizado quanto no grupo do Polímero de Mamona em relação ao grupo controle. Em ambos os grupos observou-se reabsorção de todo material no último período de observação. A análise estátistica, realizada com base nos dados da histometria, mostrou uma maior neoformação óssea dos grupos Polímero de Mamona e Osso Desmineralizado em relação ao controle, não havendo diferença estatística quando da comparação entre os grupos
Abstract: The aim of this study was to histologically and histometrically evaluate the effect of a human demineralized bone matrix and a polyurethane resin derived from the Castor Bean oil on the bone regeneration process. For this, calvarias of 24 rabbits were submitted to two surgical bone defects, one on the right and the other on the left side of the parietal suture. The animals were divided into two groups. In the first group, the experimental defect (right side) was treated with a human demineralized bone matrix, while the experimental defect, in the other group, was treated with the polyurethane resin derived from the Castor Bean oil. The control defect was filled with the animal¿s own blood. The animals were killed after a subsequent period of 4, 7, and 15 weeks. A histologic analysis of the specimens under light microscopy revealed that the bone regeneration was favored in both the demineralized bone group and the Castor Bean polymer group, in relation to the control group. In addition, resorption of the material was observed completely at the end of the last observation period for both experimental groups. A statistic analysis based on histometric data showed greater bone egeneration for the polymer castor bean group and the demineralized bone group, in relation to the control. There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups
Doutorado
Cirurgia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
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Kluppel, Leandro Eduardo. "Influencia dos diferentes tamanhos de particulas da matriz ossea bovina anorganica no processo de reparo osseo : Analise histologica e radiografica de defeitos criados cirurgicamente em calvaria de coelhos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288695.
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Orientador: Renato MazzonettoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar histológica e radiograficamente a influência do tamanho das partículas da matriz óssea bovina anorgânica (MOBA) sobre o processo de reparação óssea. Na calvária de 18 coelhos adultos da raça Nova Zelândia foram preparadas quatro cavidades com diâmetro de 8 milímetros, sendo duas do lado direito da sutura sagital e duas do lado esquerdo. Os defeitos foram preenchidos com osso autógeno triturado (grupo controle); MOBA de granulação grossa; MOBA de granulação média ou MOBA de granulação fina. Os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos pós-operatórios de 15, 30 e 60 dias. Antes do início do processamento histológico, as peças foram radiografadas sequencialmente. Para análise destas imagens utilizou-se como padrão de comparação o osso do crânio que não estava envolvido nas áreas de ostectomia. Desta forma, observou-se que o osso autógeno apresentava-se discretamente radiopaco inicialmente, tendendo a apresentar uma radiopacidade bastante semelhante ao tecido adjacente no período final. A MOBA de granulação grossa e média mantiveram o mesmo padrão radiográfico, sendo que aos 60 dias, o aparecimento de uma porção radiolúcida em sua porção central pode ser observada. Já a MOBA de granulação fina apresentava discreta radiolucidez no período inicial, a qual tornou-se mais intensa nos períodos sucessivos. A análise histológica demonstrou a formação de maior quantidade de osso e menos reação inflamatória no grupo controle (osso autógeno). Para o biomaterial, em todas as granulações pôde-se observar a presença de infiltrado inflamatório considerável nos períodos de 15 e 30 dias. Nos defeitos preenchidos pela MOBA de granulações grossa e média o processo de reparação transcorreu de maneira semelhante, sendo que no período final uma grande quantidade de partículas e tecido conjuntivo fibroso ainda estavam presentes na cavidade. Contrariamente, a MOBA de granulação fina proporcionou a formação de maior quantidade de tecido osteóide e as partículas foram reabsorvidas quase que em sua totalidade transcorridos 60 dias de sua implantação. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que: (1) o enxerto ósseo autógeno isoladamente proporcionou o melhor resultado em termos de reparação dos defeitos ósseos; (2) a MOBA é um material biocompatível; (3) a MOBA de granulação grossa e média não são reabsorvidas em sua totalidade no período observado; (4) a MOBA de granulação fina foi reabsorvida de forma mais intensa e proporcionou uma maior formação de tecido osteóide quando comparada às outras granulações
Abstract: The aim of this present study was to analyze, clinical and histologically, the influence of anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM) particle size on bone repair. Four calvarial defects of 8 millimeters each were prepared in 18 adult New Zealand rabbits, two in the right side, and two in the left side. The defects were filled with either particulate autogenous bone (control group); ABBM of large size granules; ABBM of medium size granules; or ABBM of small size granules. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. The samples were radiographic examined before being submitted to histological processing. The analysis of these radiographic images was performed by comparing them with images of the cranial bone not involved with the areas of osteotomy. Thus, it was observed that autogenous bone showed a slight radiopacity at the beginning which was increased at the final period, being very similar to the adjacent bone tissue in terms of radiopacity. The large and medium size ABBM particles maintained the same radiographic behavior, showing a radiolucid area in the central portion of the defect at 60 days. On the other hand, the ABBM of small size granules showed a slight radiolucity at the initial period, which was increased at the subsequent periods. The histological analysis showed a more intense bone formation within the control group (autogenous bone). With regards to the biomaterial, it was observed that all three particle sizes resulted in inflammatory infiltration at 15 and 30 days. The bone repair at the defects filled with ABBM of medium or large size granules was similar to each other, with the presence of a large amount of remaining particles and fibrous connective tissue in the defect at the final period. In contrast, ABBM of small size granules lead to a greater amount of osteoid tissue, and the particles were almost totally reabsorbed within 60 days of implantation. Based on these results, it was concluded that: (1) autogenous bone graft lead to the best result in terms of bone defect repair; (2) ABBM is a biocompatible material; (3) ABBM of large and medium size granules are not totally reabsorbed at the observed period; (4) ABBM of small size granules was more intensively reabsorbed, and lead to a greater osteoid tissue formation when compared to the medium and large ABBM granules
Mestrado
Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Luomonaitė, Laimutė. "Vilniaus Verkių Kalvarijų Kryžiaus kelio pamaldumo vieta ir reikšmė Vilniaus Švento Kryžiaus atradimo parapijoje esančiose švietimo įstaigose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130731_115307-65896.
Full textAbstract:
Vilniaus Verkių Kalvarijų Kryžiaus kelio pamaldume atskleista istorija, 36 apeiginiai papročiai buvę anksčiau ir išlikę šiandien. Pateikta samprata apie tradicinę ir lokalinę piligrimystę Katalikų Bažnyčios mokyme.Atlikus apklausą atrastas naujas paprotys-Dievo Gailestingumo kultas.One of Lithuania Catholic church practices of devoutness- calvarias. Calvarias Roads of The Cross are the one of objects of European Catholic religijon history, ethnology and ethnomusicology scien ces. The work is new and original not only because of it‘s theme which was researched for the first time. Verkiai Calvaries have been established in 17th century. The Calvaries were completed in 1669 by the supervision of Dominican monks. They have been constructed exactly following the plan of Jerusalem, with the distances, water bodies and elevations being very close to the original. New chapels were constructed in the 18th century in Baroque style. Verkiai Way of the Cross consists of 22 chapels, 7 wooden and brick gates, and two church ensembles. Almost all stations were completely destroyed in 1962 under the Soviet rule. After regaining the independence the reconstruction was started. Last chapels were rebuilt in 2004. Today the entire complex is reconstructed and is proclaimed an architectural monument of national significance. Vilnius Calvary still today attracts multitudes of pilgrims from all over Lithuania on Pentecost. In 1990, after Lithuania regained her state independence, the restoring of the dynamited by the Soviet authorities Stations of Vilnius Calvary started. The tradition of indulgenced feast of Pentecost was renewed. In 2002, the Cardinal Audrys Juozas Bačkis consecrated all the rebuilt Stations of the Cross.
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Buleo, Espada María Isabel. "EL VIACRUCIS TRADICIONAL. REVISIÓN HISTÓRICO-ARTÍSTICA SOBRE EL ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS CATORCE ESTACIONES DE LA CRUZ. REPERCUSIÓN ICONOGRÁFICA EN LOS TEMAS DE LA PASIÓN." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90543.
Full textAbstract:
The present study has been based on the investigation about the origin and evolution of the Fourteen Stations of the Cross that make up the Viacrucis, the revision of sources documents and their iconographic repercussion throughout history.
In the XVIII century, the Franciscan Leonardo of Porto Mauricio established the basis for unifying a series of Christian devotions which, despite having a common spiritual substrate based on the mysticism exacerbated by the human nature of Christ and the pathos of the cross, lacked unity of worship and official recognition by the Church. During the first half of the eighteenth century, the Catholic spiritual exercise of the Viacrucis was finally established as the only devotional form dedicated to the Way of the Cross recognized by the Papacy, based on follow the steps that Christ walked carrying the cross until his death through the meditation by fourteen scenes, known as stations.
The complex development of Passionist spirituality, cradle of the Viacrucis, had two main focuses: Europe where, especially from the Middle Ages, there arose an endless devotions to the passion of Jesus resulting from the rise of spiritual and mystical literature; and Jerusalem, where European pilgrims traveled to visit the Holy Places. Both centers had a vital interrelationship for the birth of the stations of the Viacrucis. While travelers wanted to know the Palestinian sites that European spirituality had imagined, the European faithful wanted to recreate in their land the sites described by the pilgrims, especially those of the passion suffered by Christ, which they could hardly access in any other way.
In this intricate historical development are located the keys to the theoretical and iconographic understanding that supports the functional and aesthetic value of the art of Viacrucis, born after the official devotion establishment to which the Way of the Cross makes reference in the eighteenth century, and reasoned not only on the New Testament Gospels, but also in the underlying tradition of Passionist apocryphal texts and mystical and spiritual literature.El presente estudio se ha fundamentado en la investigación del origen y evolución de las Catorce Estaciones que conforman el Viacrucis, la revisión de las fuentes escritas y su repercusión iconográfica a lo largo de la historia. En el siglo XVIII, el franciscano Leonardo de Porto Mauricio estableció las bases que unificaran una serie de devociones cristianas que, pese a tener un sustrato espiritual común basado en el misticismo exacerbado hacia la naturaleza humana de Cristo y hacia el pathos de la cruz, carecían de unidad de culto y de reconocimiento oficial por parte de la Iglesia. Durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, quedó finalmente establecido el ejercicio espiritual católico del Viacrucis como la única forma devocional dedicada al Camino de la Cruz reconocida por el Papado, basada en seguir los pasos que Jesucristo recorrió cargado con la cruz hasta su muerte mediante la meditación de catorce escenas, conocidas como estaciones. El complejo desarrollo de la espiritualidad pasionista, cuna del Viacrucis, tuvo dos focos principales: Europa donde, especialmente a partir de la Edad Media, surgieron un sinfín de devociones a la Pasión de Jesús resultado del auge de la literatura espiritual y mística; y Jerusalén, donde los peregrinos europeos viajaban para visitar los Santos Lugares. Ambos focos tuvieron una estrecha interrelación vital para el nacimiento de las estaciones del Viacrucis pues, mientras que los viajeros querían conocer los lugares palestinos que la espiritualidad europea había imaginado, los fieles europeos querían recrear en su tierra los sitios descritos por los peregrinos, especialmente los de la Pasión sufrida por Cristo, a los cuales difícilmente podrían acceder de otra forma. En este intrincado desarrollo histórico se sitúan las claves para la comprensión teórica e iconográfica que sustenta el valor funcional y estético del Viacrucis artístico, nacido tras el establecimiento oficial de la devoción a la que hace referencia en el siglo XVIII, y fundamentado no sólo en las narraciones neotestamentarias, sino en la tradición subyacente de los textos apócrifos y de la literatura mística y espiritual pasionistas.
El present estudi s'ha fonamentat en la investigació de l'origen i evolució de les Catorze Estacions que conformen el Viacrucis, la revisió de les fonts escrites i la seua repercussió iconogràfica al llarg de la història. En el segle XVIII, el franciscà Leonardo de Porte Mauricio va establir les bases que unificaren una sèrie de devocions cristianes que, a pesar de tindre un substrat espiritual comú basat en el misticisme exacerbat cap a la naturalesa humana de Crist i cap al pathos de la creu, no tenien unitat de culte i de reconeixement oficial per part de l'Església. Durant la primera meitat del segle XVIII, va quedar finalment establit l'exercici espiritual catòlic del Viacrucis com l'única forma devocional dedicada al Camí de la Creu reconeguda pel Papat, basada a seguir els passos que Jesucrist va recórrer carregat amb la creu fins a la seua mort per mitjà de la meditació de catorze escenes, conegudes com a estacions. El complex desenvolupament de l'espiritualitat passionista, bressol del Viacrucis, va tindre dos focus principals: Europa on, especialment a partir de l'Edat Mitjana, van sorgir una infinitat de devocions a la passió de Jesús resultat de l'auge de la literatura espiritual i mística; i Jerusalem, on els pelegrins europeus viatjaven per a visitar els Sants Llocs. Ambdós focus van tindre una estreta interrelació vital per al naixement de les estacions del Viacrucis perquè, mentre que els viatgers volien conéixer els llocs palestins que l'espiritualitat europea havia imaginat, els fidels europeus volien recrear en la seua terra els llocs descrits pels pelegrins, especialment els de la Passió patida per Crist, als quals difícilment podrien accedir d'una altra forma. En aquest intricat desenvolupament històric se situen les claus per a la comprensió teòrica i iconogràfica que sustenta el valor funcional i estètic del Viacrucis artístic, nascut després de l'establiment oficial de la devoció a què fa referència en el segle XVIII, i fonamentat no sols en les narracions neotestamentàries, sinó en la tradició subjacent dels textos apòcrifs i de la literatura mística i espiritual passionistes.
Buleo Espada, MI. (2017). EL VIACRUCIS TRADICIONAL. REVISIÓN HISTÓRICO-ARTÍSTICA SOBRE EL ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS CATORCE ESTACIONES DE LA CRUZ. REPERCUSIÓN ICONOGRÁFICA EN LOS TEMAS DE LA PASIÓN [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90543
TESIS
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Amaral, Mauricio Bordini do. "Capacidade de regeneração óssea de biomateriais em defeito crítico de calvária: análise histológica e microtomografia computadorizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-23052013-091250/.
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O elevado número de cirurgias de enxertia óssea impulsiona o desenvolvimento de novos biomateriais de preenchimento. Materiais a base de hidroxiapatita sintética e tendão bovino mineralizado foram preparados para servirem de arcabouço para regeneração óssea. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a osteocondutibilidade desses materiais, comparando-os ao Bio-Oss/Geistlich. Foram criados defeitos de tamanho crítico (circular / 8 mm) na calvária de ratos Wistar, preenchidos com os biomateriais e, após 30 dias, ocorreu o sacrifício, análise não invasiva por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT/ microtomógrafo SkyScan 100kV - 100\'mü\'A) com reconstituição de imagem em três dimensões (3D) e análise histológica convencional para avaliar a neoformação óssea e comparar os métodos. Os resultados da micro-CT mostraram que o Bio-Oss apresentou maior volume, densidade e porcentagem de tecido ósseo que os demais grupos. Nas imagens reconstituídas em 3D notou-se no grupo Bio-Oss as menores taxas de reabsorção, permanecendo em maior quantidade no interior do defeito aos trinta dias. No grupo da hidroxiapatita sintética notou-se uma intensa reabsorção do material e uma leve neoformação óssea nas margens do defeito, deixando-o com um contorno irregular. O grupo do tendão bovino mineralizado apresentou discretíssima neoformação óssea e o material foi totalmente reabsorvido. Já na avaliação da presença do material, de vasos sanguíneos e das células osteoblásticas no interior do defeito obtidos através da análise histológica, os grupos Bio-Oss e hidroxiapatita sintética obtiveram resultados semelhantes e maiores que o tendão bovino mineralizado. Constatou-se através da análise histológica que a hidroxiapatita sintética mostrou-se presente no interior do defeito exibindo propriedades osteocondutoras semelhantes a marca comercial Bio-Oss. Já o tendão bovino mineralizado não teve boa osteocondução, sendo contra-indicado na manutenção do espaço ósseo. Na comparação dos dois métodos, constatou-se que a micro-CT apresenta baixa especificidade, ou seja, não foi capaz de distinguir o tecido ósseo do Bio-Oss e alta sensibilidade, pois quantifica de uma forma muito precisa os valores com alta resolução. Já a análise histológica consegue distinguir com precisão os materiais e o tecido adjacente, porém não consegue quantificá-los de maneira fácil e precisa. Portanto, conclui-se que a hidroxiapatita sintética tem grande potencial de ser utilizada no preenchimento de defeitos ósseos, diferentemente do tendão bovino mineralizado. Quanto aos métodos de avaliação, eles são complementares e novos aprimoramentos devem ser feitos na técnica de micro-CT para melhorar sua capacidade de distinguir diferentes materiais.Biodegradable bone grafts have been widely employed on bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteoconductive potential of hydroxyapatite, mineralized bovine tendon and Bio-Oss/Geistlich in a rat critical-size calvaria defect model through non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) micro-tomographic (\'mü\'CT) imaging and histological evaluation. Two experimental biomaterials were developed: synthetic hydroxyapatite (particles size < 0,2 mm) and mineralized bovine tendon. Bio-Oss/Geistlich was employed as a control group. A critical size defect (8 mm) was created in the skull of Wistar rats (weight 200 - 300 g) and treated with the biomaterials and one group was left untreated in the control group (n = 5). After 30 days, the animals were killed and the calvaria removed for \'mü\'CT and histological analysis. No adverse reactions were noted. No bone repair was observed in untreated surgical defects. The results of micro-CT showed that BioOss showed higher volume, density and percentage of bone tissue than the other groups. In the images reconstructed in 3-D was noted in the group Bio-Oss the lowest rates of resorption, staying in larger quantities within thirty days of the defect. In the group of synthetic hydroxyapatite noticed an intense resorption of the material and a slight bone formation at the margins of the defect, leaving him with an irregular contour. The bovine tendon mineralized group presented discreet bone formation and the material was completely resorbed. In the evaluation of the presence of the material, blood vessels and osteoblastic cells within the defect obtained by histological analysis, the groups Bio-Oss and synthetic hydroxyapatite showed similar results and larger than the mineralized bovine tendon. We verified by histological analysis that the synthetic hydroxyapatite is present within the defect displaying osteoconductive properties similar to trademark BioOss. Already the mineralized bovine tendon, again, did not have good osteoconduction and is contraindicated in maintaining the bone. When comparing the two methods observed that the micro-CT has low specificity, ie, was not able to distinguish the bone tissue to Bio-Oss and high sensitivity, as quantified in a very accurate values with high resolution. Already histological analysis can accurately distinguish materials and tissues, but can not quantify them easily and accurately. Therefore, we conclude that the synthetic hydroxyapatite has great potential to be used to fill bone defects, unlike mineralized bovine tendon. When comparing the methods, we found that still are complementary and new enhancements must be made in micro-CT technique to improve their ability to distinguish different materials.
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Calderoni, Davi Reis 1982. "Avaliação do uso de placas sinterizadas de titânio com e sem recobrimento de beta-fosfato tricálcico no reparo de falhas ósseas em calvária de ratos = Evaluation of sintered titanium scaffolds with and without beta-tricalcium phosphate coating for calvarial defects repair in rats." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312994.
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Orientadores: Paulo Kharmandayan, Ivan Felizardo Contrera ToroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: A reparação de um defeito craniano é um procedimento desafiador, que requer não somente o preenchimento da falha óssea mas também estabilidade a longo prazo do material empregado e restabelecimento do contorno e simetria. Diversos tipos de materiais com diferentes características bem como diferentes métodos de produção dos implantes vêm sendo testados, sem que ainda haja um substituto ósseo considerado ideal. No presente estudo foram investigadas as propriedades de osteointegração de implantes da liga Ti6Al4V construídos por prototipagem com poros tridimensionalmente conectados considerando a influência do recobrimento dos mesmos com uma camada delgada de ?-fosfato tricálcico nestas propriedades. Método: Trinta ratos foram submetidos à criação de defeitos ósseos bilaterais na calvária, que foram preenchidos com implantes, recobertos ou não com ?-fosfato tricálcico, de modo aleatório. Os animais foram distribuídos em grupos e sacrificados 15, 45 e 90 dias após o procedimento. A integração dos implantes foi inicialmente avaliada por ensaio de compressão. A interface osso-implante foi analisada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: A força máxima para produzir o deslocamento inicial dos implantes foi aumentando durante o período estudado, alcançando valores da ordem de 100N para ambos os tipos de implante. Foi observada integração entre o osso e a superfície dos implantes, com crescimento ósseo progressivo no interior dos poros. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre implantes recobertos e não recobertos por ?-fosfato tricálcico. Conclusão: Foi alcançada uma adequada osteointegração nas reconstruções cranianas utilizando implantes prototipados da liga Ti6Al4V com as características de porosidade e superfície descritas, sem influência do recobrimento cerâmico adotado. Os resultados sugerem que as características de construção utilizadas podem ser incorporadas aos implantes para reconstrução craniana para melhorar os resultados cirúrgicos
Abstract: Background: The repair of a calvarial defect is a challenging procedure, requiring not only filling of the bone gap but long term stability of the employed material and satisfactory contour and symmetry. Several types of materials with different characteristics have been studied, as well as various methods of implant production. However, to date no ideal bone substitute has been found. The osseointegration properties of porous prototyped implants with tridimensionally interconnected pores made of the Ti6Al4V alloy and the influence of a thin layer of calcium phosphate coating were investigated. Methods: Bilateral critical size calvarial defects were produced in thirty rats and filled with coated and uncoated implants in a randomized fashion. The animals were distributed in groups and kept for 15, 45 and 90 days before sacrifice. Implant mechanical integration to bone was evaluated with a push-out test. Bone-implant interface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The maximum force to produce initial displacement of the implants increased during the study period, reaching values around 100N for both types of implants. Intimate contact between bone and implant surface was present, with progressive bone growth into the pores. No significant differences were seen between coated and uncoated implants. Conclusion: Adequate osseointegration can be achieved in calvarial reconstructions using prototyped Ti6Al4V scaffolds with the described physical characteristics of surface and porosity. The results suggest that the proposed implant design characteristics can be incorporated into calvarial implants to improve reconstructive results.
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Doutor em Ciências
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Brock, Ryane Schmidt [UNESP]. "Retalho ósseo neo-fabricado de gálea e periósteo preenchido com células-tronco mesenquimais, plasma rico em plaquetas, pó de osso e ácido hialurônico: estudo em coelho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148751.
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As deformidades craniofaciais decorrentes de traumas, ressecções de tumores ou malformações congênitas são freqüentes na prática médica e o tratamento destas necessitam de cirurgia reparadora, com técnicas especializadas e profissionais qualificados para corrigir os defeitos e proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida, aprimorar a fala, respiração, mastigação e deglutição. Há diversas técnicas descritas para corrigir os defeitos ósseos, cada uma com vantagens e desvantages, escolhidas de acordo com o tipo de deformidade. Este estudo avaliou a formação óssea em um retalho tubular vascularizado, gáleo-periostal, enriquecido com o uso de pó de osso, plasma rico em plaquetas, células-tronco mesenquimais e ácido hialurônico, em coelhos, que tenha capacidade de substituir o enxerto ósseo nas reconstruções, principalmente nos defeitos faciais. No estudo, utilizou-se 98 coelhos divididos em doze grupos, submetidos à cirurgia para confecção do retalho em calota craniana. Foram realizados retalhos tubulares com o periósteo voltado para dentro e preenchidos com pó de osso, plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), células-tronco mesenquimais (CTM) e ácido hialurônico. O Grupo 1 não foi manipulado. No Grupo 2 foi realizado o retalho tubular e mantido vazio. O Grupo 3 teve o retalho preenchido com pó de osso, no Grupo 4 o retalho foi mantido vazio. O Grupo 5 teve o retalho preenchido com PRP. No Grupo 6 o retalho foi preenchido com PRP e pó de osso. O Grupo 7 foi preenchido com CTM. O Grupo 8 teve o retalho preenchido com CTM e pó de osso. O Grupo 9 teve o retalho preenchido com CTM e PRP. No Grupo 10, o retalho tubular foi preenchido com PRP, CTM e pó de osso. O Grupo 11 foi mantido vazio e o Grupo 12 foi preenchido com ácido hialurônico. Os resultados foram avaliados através de métodos de imagem e avaliação histológica. Os resultados demonstraram que, no modelo experimental utilizado, os grupos com apenas periósteo, isto é, retalho tubular vazio, apresentaram formação óssea pequena e irregular. No grupo com PRP também houve a formação óssea irregular e imatura. Quando o PRP foi associado ao pó de osso houve uma formação mais regular e organizada. O grupo com célula-tronco mesenquimal também apresentou formação óssea, com características teciduais organizadas, próprias do tecido ósseo maduro. Quando associada ao pó de osso e ao PRP, as características histológicas apresentaram-se com tecido organizado, regular, maduro com células bem formadas e organizadas. O uso de materiais com fatores de crescimento celular ósseo melhoram a qualidade e organização do tecido neoformado. Quanto maior o número de fatores de enriquecimento usados, melhores foram os resultados quanto a qualidade tecidual neoformada.
Craniofacial deformities caused by traumas, tumor ressections or congenital malformation are frequent in medical practice, and their treatment with reconstructive surgeries are common, especially in plastic surgery, which aim to provide the patients with better quality of life and functional improvement of speach, breathing, chewing and swallowing. Many different techniques are described to correct bone defects. They have advantages and disadvantages, chosen according to the type of deformity. This study evaluated a vascularized galeal and periosteum flap filled with bone fragments, platelet rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid, using rabbits, which could possibily substitute the bone graft in reconstructive surgery, especially for facial defects. It was an experimental study, with 98 rabbits divided into twelve groups, submitted to a surgical procedure to construct a calvaria flap. A tubular flap with the periosteum inside was constructed and filled with bone fragments, platelet rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and hyaluronic acid. Group 1 was not manipulated. In Group 2, the tubular flap was maintained empty. Group 3 had the flap filled with bone fragments, in Grupo 4 the flap was maintained empty. Group 5 had the flap filled with PRP. In Group 6 the flap was filled with PRP and bone fragments. The Group 7 was filled with MSC. Group 8 had the flap filled with MSC and bone fragments. The Group 9 had the flap filled with MSC and PRP. In Group 10, the tubular flap was filled with PRP, MSC and bone fragments.The Group 11 was maintained empty and Group 12 was filled with hyaluronic acid. The results were evaluated using image methods and histological analysis. The results demonstrated that, in the experimental model used, the groups with only periosteum, this is the empty tubular flap, presented small and irregular bone formation. In the group with PRP, it also had irregular and imature bone formation. When the PRP was associated to bone fragments it had a more regular and organized formation. The group with mesenchymal stem cell also presented bone formation, with organized tissue characteristics, proper of mature osseous tissue. When associated to bone fragments and PRP, the histological characteristics presented organized, regular, mature tissue with organized and well formed cells. The use of materials with osseous cellular growth factors improves the quality and organization of the neoformed tissue. The more enrichment factor used, the better the neoformed tissue quality result was.
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Collignon, Anne-Margaux. "Utilisation de cellules souches pulpaires combinées à une matrice de collagène pour la réparation osseuse cranio-faciale Strategies developed to induce, direct, and potentiate bone healing Accelerated craniofacial bone regeneration through dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells Mouse Wnt1-CRE-RosaTomato dental pulp stem cells directly contribute to the calvarial bone regeneration process Early angiogenesis detected by PET imaging with 64Cu-NODAGA-RGD is predictive of bone critical defect repair." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB113.
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La région cranio-faciale est particulièrement vulnérable aux pertes de structures. Sa localisation et sa visibilité font qu'une atteinte entraîne des troubles, aussi bien physiques (alimentation, phonation...) que psychologiques (intégrité de la personne...). Les traitements actuels (régénération osseuse guidée, autogreffe osseuse ou allogreffe) sont particulièrement invasifs et présentent un taux d'échec élevé. Tout cela affecte fortement la qualité de vie du patient. De plus, le coût direct de ces traitements est important pour les systèmes de santé et le patient. Il existe donc un réel besoin de développer des traitements innovants basés sur des approches biomimétiques d'ingénierie tissulaire pour la régénération/réparation osseuse. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer une approche d'ingénierie tissulaire pour la réparation/régénération de tissus osseux cranio-faciaux lésés. Il est basé sur l'utilisation de matrices cellularisées avec des cellules souches mésenchymateuses issues de la pulpe dentaire : les Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). De nombreux travaux ont démontré la grande plasticité de ces cellules, qui dérivent initialement de la crête neurale, mais aussi leur rôle trophique dans la réparation de tissus lésés par leur capacité de différenciation ostéogénique et chondrocytaire. Par ailleurs, ces cellules présentent des propriétés pro-angiogéniques supérieures aux cellules mésenchymateuses de la moelle osseuse (MSCs) et l'accès à cette réserve est aisé puisqu'elles peuvent être obtenues à partir de dents extraites. Dans ce contexte, nous avons à ce jour utilisé des matrices denses de collagène contenant des cellules souches pulpaires pour régénérer un tissu osseux crânien après réalisation de défauts critiques. L'objectif est d'induire très précocement une néo-angiogenèse favorisant à court terme la survie des cellules implantées, puis de stimuler leur maintien à long terme au sein du néo-tissu implanté, pour enfin provoquer une ostéoformation. Nous avons, ainsi, pu étudier et valider différents aspects de cette thématique : .1 L'impact positif de l'utilisation de matrices denses de collagène comme support ostéoconducteur, .2 Le suivi à long terme des cellules après implantation in vivo .3 L'impact positif d'un pré-traitement à l'hypoxie sur i/ la survie des cellules après implantation in vivo ii/ la potentialisation de leur apport pour la régénération/réparation osseuse en orientant leur différenciation vers une voie ostéoblastique, .4 L'apport significatif des techniques d'imageries pour le suivi des animaux grâce à la tomographie par émission de positons (utilisation de traceurs spécifiques de la minéralisation au sein des matrices et de la néo-angiogenèse) et au microscanner à rayons X (suivi cinétique de la qualité et de la quantité de matrice osseuse régénérée), .5 La validation et la confirmation de l'ensemble de ces résultats par l'histologie. Ainsi, ces résultats nous ont permis de répondre à l'objectif de travail et de perfectionner certains aspects de la composante cellulaire. Toutefois, il reste nécessaire d'optimiser le biomatériau lui-même. Il est en effet envisageable d'améliorer les matrices de collagène compressées que nous utilisons actuellement, en y intégrant par exemple des céramiques bioactives. En perspective, potentialiser les biomatériaux des matrices et combiner les DPSCs avec un support plus adapté à leur survie et à leur croissance permettrait d'améliorer considérablement la cicatrisation osseuse. Ces dernières années, l'étude des cellules souches a progressé d'approche in vitro vers l'in vivo. Les modèles in vivo établis pour étudier ces cellules dans le domaine cranio-facial ont déjà apporté des renseignements et ce travail s'inscrit dans leur continuité en cherchant à concevoir des stratégies adaptées pour l'utilisation future des DPSCs en ingénierie tissulaireThe craniofacial area is particularly vulnerable to structural loss. Its location and visibility make a loss causes disorders, both physical (food, phonation...) than psychological (integrity of the person...). Current treatments (autografts, allografts or synthetic bone grafts) are particularly invasive and have a high failure rate. All this strongly affects the quality of life of the patient. In addition, the cost of these treatments is significant for the health systems and the patient. Therefore, there is a real need to develop innovative treatments based on biomimetic tissue approaches for bone repair. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a tissue engineering approach for the repair/regeneration of injured cranial-facial bone tissue. It is based on the use of cellularized scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells derived from the dental pulp: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). Many studies have demonstrated the high plasticity of these cells, which initially derive from the neural crest, but also their trophic ability in the repair of damaged tissues by their osteogenic and chondrocyte differentiation capacity. Moreover, these cells have better's pro-angiogenic properties than mesenchymal cells of the bone marrow (MSCs) and access to this reserve is easy since they can be obtained from extracted teeth. In this context, we have used dense collagen scaffolds seeded with DPSCs to regenerate cranial bone tissue on critical defects model. The objective is to induce a very early neo-angiogenesis for improved short-term survival of implanted cells, then stimulate the long-term maintenance of cells in the implanted neo-tissue, finally to cause osteoformation. We were able to study and validate various aspects of this theme: 1- The positive impact of the use of dense collagen scaffold as osteoconductive support, 2- Long-term follow-up of the cells after implantation in vivo (thanks to the use of a cell line constitutively expressing an intracellular fluorescence protein), 3- The positive impact of a pre-treatment with hypoxia on i/ the survival of the cells after implantation in vivo ii/ their contribution to bone regeneration / repair by orienting their differentiation towards an osteoblastic pathway, 4- The significant contribution of imaging techniques for the monitoring of animals (less sacrifice and longitudinal follow-up...) thanks to positron emission tomography (use of specific tracers of the mineralization within the scaffolds and neo-angiogenesis) and X-ray microscanner (kinetic monitoring of the quality and quantity of regenerated bone matrix) 5- Validation and confirmation of all these results by histology. Thus, these different results allowed us to respond to the working hypothesis and optimize some aspects of the cellular component. However, it remains necessary to optimize the biomaterial itself. It is indeed possible to improve the compressed collagen scaffolds that we currently use, for example by incorporating bioactive ceramics such as bioglasses or hydroxyapatite. In recent years, the study of stem cells has progressed from in vitro to in vivo. The in vivo models established to study these cells in the craniofacial area have already provided valuable information and this work is a continuation of these previous studies by seeking to build on better strategies (right characterization, environment oriented...) for the future use of DPSCs for tissue engineering purposes. In view of this work, potentiating the biomaterials of the scaffolds and combining the DPSCs with a support more adapted to their survival and their growth would considerably improve bone healing, as well as bone regeneration / repair
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Tholpady, Sunil Shantigodu. "Fibroblast growth factor receptors and calvarial development /." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3083124.
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Ponce, Eisner Gabriel Salamanca, and Eisner Gabriel Salamanca Ponce. "A Novel Porcine Graft inRabbit Calvarial Bone Defect." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rtttgu.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
牙醫學系碩博士班
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Autogenous bone is the golden standard in bone regeneration procedure. However the sources of autogenous grafts are limited, and therefore it is necessary to seek for other bone graft biomaterials. For this purpose the Porcine Graft has excellent characteristics, making it an ideal bone graft option for the treatment of Bone Graft Procedures. The aim of this study is to develop a novel porcine graft and to determine physical, chemical, biological and histologic osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis of the Porcine Graft in rabbit calvarial bone defect, and at the same time compare these results with commercial HA/β-TCP (MBCP) during 8 weeks of healing. Prior to the animal study the Porcine Graft underwent scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and x-ray diffraction tests. The surgical procedure was performed in 20 adult male New Zealand white rabbits, mean age 10 weeks and mean weight 2.1 kg. During a standardized surgical procedure, a 2 cm longitudinal vertical skin midline incision was made and periosteum was retracted to expose the calvarial bone. 4 calvarial critical-size defects of 6 mm diameter and 3 mm deep were prepared with a trephine bur bilaterally in the parietal and frontal bones in each rabbit. Upper left defect was fulfilled with Porcine Graft 250-500 μm, the upper right one with Porcine Graft 500-1000 μm, the lower left with HA/β-TCP(MBCP, Biomatlante biologics solutions), and the lower right served as the control defect which wasn’t filled with any material. The specimens were divided equally in to 4 groups. The groups were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. All samples blocks were prepared for Micro CT Scan and histologic sections. At the end of the observation period, the histological and Micro CT scan results showed similar bone formation between MBCP, Porcine Graft 250-500 μm, and Porcine Graft 500-1000 μm. The Porcine Graft 250-500 μm performed was slightly better than the rest of the materials. The control defect presented less new bone and was filled mostly with granulation tissue. Rabbit calvarial bone tissue responded to the Porcine Graft at 250-500 μm and at 500-1000 μm in a positive manner. Similar results were obtained from the commercial HA/β-TCP (MBCP). The scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, x-ray diffraction, MTT assay and Alkaline Phosphatase tests showed Porcine Graft has similar structure to human bone, with a low crystallinity, cell viability and maturation with pores that facilitate new bone formation. Porcine Graft didn’t interfere with wound healing and promoted bone formation through osteoconduction. Porcine Graft can be considered for further studies as a possible graft substitute, regardless of the minimum reabsorption found in this study. Longer period of time are needed in the studies to determine the resorption of the Porcine Graft in humans.
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D'Aoust, Paul R. "The use of biophosphonates to promote healing of rat calvarial wounds." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48213032.html.
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Huang, Kai-Lun, and 黃楷倫. "CRISPR activation for stem cell engineering and enhanced calvarial bone healing." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m2scpp.
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Ahmad, Bushra A. M. A. "Osseodensification-induced bone healing in mouse calvaria under static condition." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41343.
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BACKGROUND: Recently osseodensification has been introduced as a novel approach to management of the recipient site. The concept had been described in 2013 by Huwais which has revolutionized the way we approach an osteotomy site as we may obtain densification of the bone rather than its complete removal.
AIM: We hypothesize that proper manipulation of the recipient site will induce cellular activities to accelerate new bone formation. We compared bone formation in a critical defect created by the osseodensification method or regular osteotomy under ex-vivo static calvarial culture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under sterile conditions, calvaria from 7-9-day-old neonatal CD-1 mice (n = 15) were dissected and trimmed. Densah™ burs were used to create 2.0 mm diameter defects. Clockwise rotation of the bur produced "Conventional Osteotomy," whereas counter-clockwise rotation created "Osseodensification." Five randomly selected calvaria halves for control and test groups were used to evaluate morphological changes, at 7, 14, and 28 days utilizing the Image J software. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.
RESULTS: Defect closure was significantly greater in the osseodensification group compared to the conventional group at post-operative day7 (p = 0.028), day 14 (p = 0.046) and day 28 (p=0.015). The original defects in both groups were not significantly different.
CONCLUSION: Results showed that osseodensification lead to faster wound healing. Clinical studies have shown that osseodensification leads to better bone density around implants. These outcomes suggest that the compressed edge of a bone defect can accelerate the healing cascade by increasing cellular activity.
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Saleh, Khaled. "Osseodensification-induced bone modification in mouse calvaria cultures: dynamic conditions." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41345.
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INTRODUCTION: Osseodensification is an innovative technique in dentistry to create osteotomies in bone to enhance bone density. Developed by Huwais in 2013, this method has been used to increase the primary stability around dental implants, help in indirect sinus lifts and achieve desired expansion in bone.
AIM: The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of osseodensification-induced bone modification in mouse ex vivo cultures under dynamic conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty calvaria were surgically extracted from 7-9 days old mice and divided into groups. Densah burs were utilized to create the defects. Clockwise action of the bur produced conventional osteotomies whereas counter-clockwise action created osseodensification effects. Photomicrographs were taken on days 7,14 and 28. Image J software was used to trace the defects and all data were transferred into Microsoft Excel to generate graphs. Statistical analysis and tests of association were done using SPSS software.
RESULTS: Increased defect closure was evident in the “Osseodensification” group compared to the “Conventional Osteotomy” group. Defect closure was highest in the first week. There was no statistical significance between groups in original defect size (P-value: 0.6097). Comparing both groups, defect closure was statistically significant on day 7 (P-value: 0.0313).
CONCLUSION: Osseodensification has proven to be superior to conventional osteotomies in terms of healing around bony defects and enhancing the primary stability of dental implants. Dynamic conditions during the initial phase of wound healing could hinder the healing cascade and result in a delay of the normal healing process.