Journal articles: 'Calvaria de rat'

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Anavi, Yakir, Gal Avishai, Shlomo Calderon, and Dror M. Allon. "Bone Remodeling in Onlay Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Coral Grafts to Rat Calvaria: Microcomputerized Tomography Analysis." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00128.1.

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Abstract This study was conducted to establish the efficiency of microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT) in detection of trabecular bone remodeling of onlay grafts in a rodent calvaria model, and to compare bone remodeling after onlay grafts with beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or coral calcium carbonate. Ten rats received calvarial onlay blocks—5 with TCP and 5 with coral calcium carbonate. The grafts were fixed with a titanium miniplate screw and were covered with a collagen resorbable membrane. Three months after surgery, the calvaria were segmented, and a serial 3-dimensional micro-CT scan of the calvarium and grafted bone block at 16-micrometer resolution was performed. Image analysis software was used to calculate the percentage of newly formed bone from the total block size. Newly formed bone was present adjacent to the calvarium and screw in all specimens. The mean area of newly formed bone of the total block size ranged from 34.67%–38.34% in the TCP blocks, and from 32.41%–34.72% in the coral blocks. In the TCP blocks, bone remodeling was found to be slightly higher than in the coral blocks. Micro-CT appears to be a precise, reproducible, specimen-nondestructive method of analysis of bone formation in onlay block grafts to rat calvaria.

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Badwelan, Mohammed, Mohammed Alkindi, Osama Alghamdi, Abeer Ahmed, Sundar Ramalingam, and Ali Alrahlah. "Bone Regeneration Using PEVAV/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds in Standardized Calvarial Defects: Micro-Computed Tomographic Experiment in Rats." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092384.

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Bone regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can be practiced using a biocomposite scaffold. Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/poly(δ-valerolactone)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAV/β-TCP) composite scaffolds showed promising in vitro results. This study evaluated the bone regenerative potential of PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite scaffolds in standardized calvarial defects in a rat model over 4 and 10 weeks. Bilateral calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter and about 1.5 mm thick, equivalent to the thickness of the calvaria) were created in 40 male Wistar albino rats. The defects were grafted with either commercially available β-TCP (positive control), PEVAV/β-TCP 70, or PEVAV/β-TCP 50, or left empty (negative control), depending on the group to which the animal was randomly assigned, to be covered before flap closure with resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). At 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery, the collected rat calvaria were evaluated using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, to assess the newly formed bone volume (NFBV), newly formed bone mineral density (NFBMD), and remaining graft volume (RGV). The results showed that calvarial defects grafted with the PEVAV/β-TCP biocomposite exhibited higher NFBV than did control defects, both at 4 and 10 weeks post-surgery. Furthermore, calvarial defects grafted with PEVAV/β-TCP 70 showed the highest NFBV among all grafting conditions, with a statistically significant difference recorded at 10 weeks post-surgery. The PEVAV/β-TCP composite scaffold showed potentiality for the regeneration of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model.

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Allon, Irit, Yakir Anavi, and Dror M. Allon. "Topical Simvastatin Improves the Pro-Angiogenic and Pro-Osteogenic Properties of Bioglass Putty in the Rat Calvaria Critical-Size Model." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00222.

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Objective was to describe the effect of bioactive glass putty with and without topical simvastatin on new bone formation in critical-sized defects of rat calvaria. A calvarial bone defect was created in 20 male Wistar rats and filled with bioactive glass alone (n = 10) or combined with simvastatin (n = 10). After 4 weeks, the defects were histomorphometrically evaluated for volume fraction (Vv) of woven bone, vessel density, bioglass quantity, and inflammation. Compared to the bioglass-only group, rats treated with simvastatin had greater Vv of blood vessels (3.3% ± 0.7 vs 1.6% ± 0.1, P = .0002) and new bone (2.3% ± 0.2 vs 1.8% ± 2.5, P = .003). The Vv of the bioglass remnants in the bioglass-only group was higher than in the group treated with simvastatin (2.4% ± 0.08 vs 1.7% ± 0.3, P < .0004). Chronic inflammation was noted in 1 rat from each group. Topical simvastatin seems to improve the pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic properties of bioglass putty in rat calvaria critical-size defects without significant inflammation.

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Ishimoto, Takuya, Tatsushi Sakamoto, and Takayoshi Nakano. "Orientation of Biological Apatite in Rat Calvaria Analyzed by Microbeam X-Ray Diffractometer." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.576.

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A microbeam X-ray diffractometer is a powerful tool to analyze oriented biological apatite (BAp) crystallites in bones since BAp orientation is one of the dominant controlling factors for bone mechanical function. The formation of BAp orientation seems to be partly affected by the bone formation process, including membranous or intracartilaginous ossification, the direction and the rate of bone growth, the mineral apposition rate, etc. However, the detailed process and the mechanisms of the organization of BAp orientation during the bone formation process are still not understood. In this study, we focused on a calvarial bone as a flat bone to establish a procedure to analyze BAp orientation in calvarial bone and examined the variation in BAp orientation with age and position in growing rats. Microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the extracted calvaria of 5- to 10-week-old Wister rats. The transmission optical system was selected to analyze the orientation of the BAp c-axis along the bone surface. An incident molybdenum (Mo)-K X-ray, which was collimated into a 300-m diameter, was vertically radiated on the calvaria surface, and the diffraction pattern was registered on an imaging plate. Diffraction peak intensities from the (002) and (310) planes of the hexagonal BAp were detected, and then an intensity ratio of (002)/(310) was calculated to evaluate the degree of BAp orientation. BAp orientation in a calvarial bone was successfully analyzed, and the two-dimensional distribution of the BAp c-axis along the calvarial bone surface was identified. A parietal bone, which is a part of the calvarial bone, showed a unique two-dimensional distribution of the BAp c-axis. The distribution remarkably changed depending on the position on a parietal bone and age. The anisotropy in the preferred BAp orientation was very significant at a region that showed high growth rate. Even though the bone formation process seems to affect BAp orientation in the parietal bone, further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism for the development of BAp texture, which is closely related to bone mechanical function.

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Agarwal, M. K., F. Mirshahi, M. Mirshahi, S. Bracq, J. Chentoufi, M. Hott, A. Jullienne, and P. J. Marie. "Evidence for receptor-mediated mineralocorticoid action in rat osteoblastic cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): C1088—C1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.4.c1088.

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Aldosterone significantly enhanced the proliferation of osteoblastic cells from rat calvaria, and this effect was inhibited by RU 26752 and ZK 91587, two antagonists specific to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR). In addition, aldosterone inhibited the activity of alkaline phosphatase, a marker of the osteoblastic phenotype, and this effect was also reversed by RU 26752. Cytoplasmic staining of MCR was observed in rat calvaria osteoblasts incubated with a specific polyclonal antiserum raised against rat kidney MCR. This anti-MCR immunoglobulin G immunoprecipitated and macroaggregated the MCR-[3H]RU 26752 complex in osteoblastic cytosol. A single 98-kDa band was observed when osteoblastic cytosol was analyzed by Western blotting with anti-MCR serum. The 98-kDa band was also obtained after autoradiography of irradiated osteoblastic cytosol-[3H]R 5020 complex, and this was abolished in the presence of RU 26752. A p26MR probe, specific to COOH-terminal end of MCR, hybridized with the predicted product after amplification of total cell RNA by polymerase chain reaction technique. Furthermore, hybridization of poly(A)+ mRNA from at calvaria osteoblastic cells with the p26MR probe revealed a major band of approximately 4.2 kb. Collectively, our studies demonstrate the existence of a functional MCR in rat calvaria osteoblasts.

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Schmidt, Luis Eduardo, Henrique Hadad, Igor Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, Luara Teixeira Colombo, Rodrigo Capalbo da Silva, Ana Flavia Piquera Santos, Lara Cristina Cunha Cervantes, et al. "Critical Defect Healing Assessment in Rat Calvaria Filled with Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10020021.

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(1) Background: The tissue engineering field has been working to find biomaterials that mimic the biological properties of autogenous bone grafts. (2) Aim: To evaluate the osteoconduction potential of injectable calcium phosphate cement implanted in critical defects in rat calvaria. (3) Methods: In the calvarial bone of 36 rats, 7-mm diameter critical size defects were performed. Afterwards, the animals were randomly divided into three groups according to filler material: a blood clot group (BC), blood clot membrane group (BCM), and an injectable β-tricalcium phosphate group (HBS) cement group. After periods of 30 and 60 days, the animals were euthanized, the calvaria was isolated, and submitted to a decalcification process for later blades confection. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the neoformed bone tissue were conducted, and histometric data were statistically analyzed. (4) Results: Sixty days post-surgery, the percentages of neoformed bone were 10.67 ± 5.57 in group BC, 16.71 ± 5.0 in group BCM, and 55.11 ± 13.20 in group HBS. The bone formation values in group HBS were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in groups BC and BCM. (5) Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that injectable calcium phosphate cement is an osteoconductive material that can be used to fill bone cavities.

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Kim, Duck Hyun, Kang Sik Lee, Jung Hwa Kim, Jae Suk Chang, and Yung Tae Kim. "The Influence of Bioactive Glass Particles on Osteolysis." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.193.

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We observed the cytotoxicity of human bone marrow stromal cells(hBMSCs) by microparticles of bioactive glass with four particle groups(same chemical composition-45S5 but produced by two different manufacturer and two different size groups). In vivo test using rat calvaria were also carried out. The apoptosis rates of all small particle groups(10-20 ㎛) were increased than large(500-700 ㎛ or 200-900 ㎛) particle groups in any culture time and any amount of particles with statistical significance. In vivo study we observed pathologic signs such as macrophages and foreign-body giant cells in rat calvaria by micro-particles of bioglass. Small(10- 20 ㎛) sized particles induced foreign body reaction and bone resorption. There was proliferation of macrophages and cells in large number. But in large particle groups, only fibroblasts were surrounding the particles. The micro-particles of bioglass induced apoptosis of hBMSC and foreign body reaction in calvaria of rat, therefore micro-particles of bioglass may cause osteolysis if used in replacement arthroplasty.

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Nasirzade, Jila, Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman, Zahra Kargarpour, Ulrike Kuchler, Franz Josef Strauss, Layla Panahipour, Carina Kampleitner, Patrick Heimel, Frank Schwarz, and Reinhard Gruber. "Acid Dentin Lysate Failed to Modulate Bone Formation in Rat Calvaria Defects." Biology 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030196.

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Autogenous tooth roots are increasingly applied as a grafting material in alveolar bone augmentation. Since tooth roots undergo creeping substitution similar to bone grafts, it can be hypothesized that osteoclasts release the growth factors stored in the dentin thereby influencing bone formation. To test this hypothesis, collagen membranes were either soaked in acid dentin lysates (ADL) from extracted porcine teeth or serum–free medium followed by lyophilization. Thereafter, these membranes covered standardized 5-mm-diameter critical-size defects in calvarial bone on rats. After four weeks of healing, micro-computed tomography and histological analyses using undecalcified thin ground sections were performed. Micro-computed tomography of the inner 4.5 mm calvaria defects revealed a median bone defect coverage of 91% (CI: 87–95) in the ADL group and 94% (CI: 65–100) in the control group, without significant differences between the groups (intergroup p > 0.05). Furthermore, bone volume (BV) was similar between ADL group (5.7 mm3, CI: 3.4–7.1) and control group (5.7 mm3, CI: 2.9–9.7). Histomorphometry of the defect area confirmed these findings with bone area values amounting to 2.1 mm2 (CI: 1.2–2.6) in the ADL group and 2.0 mm2 (CI: 1.1–3.0) in the control group. Together, these data suggest that acid dentin lysate lyophilized onto collagen membranes failed to modulate the robust bone formation when placed onto calvarial defects.

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Schmid, Christoph, Irene Schläpfer, Eva Futo, Margaretha Waldvogel, Jürg Schwander, Jürgen Zapf, and E. Rudolf Froesch. "Triiodothyronine (T3) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 production by rat osteoblasts in vitro." Acta Endocrinologica 126, no. 5 (May 1992): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1260467.

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Osteoblast-like cells prepared from neonatal rat calvariae and grown under serum-free conditions produce IGF-1 and IGFBPs. In contrast to growth hormone, T3 and PTH increased both IGF-1 mRNA expression and net IGF-1 release in calvaria cells. In addition, they stimulated net production of IGFBP-3 and of an IGFBP with an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa which was recognized by an antiserum against rat IGFBP-2. Bone cells expressed remarkably high levels of mRNA for IGFBP-2, the predominant IGFBP in serum of newborn rats. T3 at low physiological concentrations but not growth hormone stimulated IGFBP-2 mRNA expression and IGFBP-2 production in bone cells in vitro. Thus, IGFBPs are differentially regulated by these hormones and may play an autocrine/paracrine regulatory role in bone.

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Silva, I. I. C., S. Pimentel-Soares, Rafael C. Bittencourt, and José Mauro Granjeiro. "Natural Bovine Anorganic Apatite and Collagen Presents Osteoconductivity and Contribute to Bone Repair of Rat Calvaria Critical Size Defect." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.249.

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The aim of this study was verify the biological efficacy of the use of a xenograft for bone loss therapy. Blood clot, particulate autogenous bone or anorganic bovine xenograft filled critical size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria (8mm diameter). After 0, 7, 30 and 90 days the animals were killed and macroscopic, radiographic and histopathological analysis were conducted. Although no treatment promoted the total closure of bone defect, autogenous bone group had better bone repair after 90 days, followed by xenograft group that exhibited direct bone neoformation onto, and around, the particles confirming its osteoconductivity. In conclusion, the xenograft tested in vivo showed biocompatibility, biodegradability and osteoconductive properties in rat calvaria CSD.

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Oldberg, A., B. Jirskog-Hed, S. Axelsson, and D. Heinegård. "Regulation of bone sialoprotein mRNA by steroid hormones." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 3183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.6.3183.

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In this report we demonstrate an increase in the steady-state level of bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNA in rat calvaria and a rat osteosarcoma cell line (ROS 17/2.8) after treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. In contrast, 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced the amount of BSP mRNA in calvaria and inhibited the dexamethasone induction in ROS 17/2.8 cells. The increase in BSP mRNA is most likely due to an increase in the transcriptional rate. The stability of mRNA was unchanged after dexamethasone treatment with a half-life of approximately 5 h. Nuclear transcription experiments with nuclei isolated from ROS 17/2.8 cells showed an increased BSP mRNA synthesis in cells treated with dexamethasone.

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Raposo-Amaral, Cassio Eduardo, Ana Beatriz Albino de Almeida, Gustavo Paschoal, Daniela Franco Bueno, Luiz Carlos Vulcano, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, and Nivaldo Alonso. "Histological and radiological changes in cranial bone in the presence of bone wax." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 26, no. 4 (August 2011): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502011000400005.

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PURPOSE: To quantify the amount of bone formation in the calvarial region of Wistar rats after craniotomy using bone wax as a haemostatic agent. METHODS: Surgery to produce bilateral, symmetric, full-thickness cranial defects (area: 18 mm²) was performed in eight animals. The right side of the cranium remained open and the edges of the left side osseous defect was covered with bone wax. Calvaria were imaged immediately after surgery and 12 weeks postoperatively by computerized tomography. The areas of the bone defects were measured in three-dimensional images using Magics 13.0 (Materialise-Belgic, software CAD). RESULTS: The average amount of bone formation on the left and right side respectively was 4.85 mm² and 8.16 mm². Statistically significant differences between the amount of bone formation on the left and right sides were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Bone wax significantly diminishes the rate of bone formation in calvarial defects in a rat model.

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Cornish, Jillian, Karen E. Callon, David H. Coy, Ning-Yi Jiang, Liqun Xiao, Garth J. S. Cooper, and Ian R. Reid. "Adrenomedullin is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic activity in vitro and in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): E1113—E1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.6.e1113.

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Adrenomedullin is a 52-amino acid vasodilator peptide produced in many tissues, including bone. It has 20% sequence identity with amylin, a regulator of osteoblast growth, and circulates in picomolar concentrations. The present study assesses whether adrenomedullin also acts on osteoblasts. At concentrations of 10−12 M and greater, adrenomedullin produced a dose-dependent increase in cell number and [3H]thymidine incorporation in cultures of fetal rat osteoblasts. This effect was also seen with adrenomedullin-(15—52), -(22—52), and -(27—52), but adrenomedullin-(40—52) was inactive. These effects were lost in the presence of amylin blockers, suggesting they were mediated by the amylin receptor. Adrenomedullin also increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into cultured neonatal mouse calvaria but, unlike amylin, did not reduce bone resorption in this model. Adrenomedullin stimulated phenylalanine incorporation into both isolated osteoblasts and calvaria. When injected daily for 5 days over the calvariae of adult mice, it increased indexes of bone formation two- to threefold ( P < 0.0001) and increased mineralized bone area by 14% ( P = 0.004). It is concluded that adrenomedullin regulates osteoblast function and that it increases bone mass in vivo. The potential of this family of peptides in the therapy of osteoporosis should be further evaluated.

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NAKAMURA, Hiroaki, Azumi HIRATA, Takehito TSUJI, and Toshio YAMAMOTO. "Immunolocalization of Keratan Sulfate Proteoglycan in Rat Calvaria." Archives of Histology and Cytology 64, no. 1 (2001): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1679/aohc.64.109.

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Fukae, Makoto, Takako Tanabe, and Marie Yamada. "Mineralized phase matrix proteinases of newborn rat calvaria." Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 8, no. 3 (December 1990): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02377368.

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Nefussi, Jean R., Gabriel Brami, Dominique Modrowski, Martine Obcuf, and Nadine Forest. "Sequential Expression of Bone Matrix Proteins During Rat Calvaria Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Nodule Formation In Vitro." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 45, no. 4 (April 1997): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549704500402.

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We investigated the expression of osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteonectin (ON), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) during cell differentiation and bone nodule formation by fetal rat calvaria cells, using immunofluorescent and immunogold techniques at light and electron microscopic levels. Six hours after plating all proteins were expressed in calvaria cells. However, expression was not detected during the proliferation phase after plating. Cell morphological modifications were observed in osteoblastic cells expressing ALP, OC, and BSP, but not ON. During the matrix formation phase, all proteins were expressed with various intensities and OC was limited to differentiated osteoblastic cells. EM observations demonstrated that BSP was selectively associated with clusters of needle-like crystals, but not with collagen fibers, in mineralization foci and in the mineralized matrix. OC was localized intracellularly and in all the extracellular compartments, and was concentrated at the mineralization front. ON was distributed uniformly throughout the osteoid and mineralized matrix, which was intensely labeled. The results show that the expression of bone matrix proteins during differentiation of calvaria cells and nodule formation in vitro duplicate what is observed during osteogenesis in vivo.

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Freitas, Gileade P., Helena B. Lopes, Alann T. P Souza, Paula G. F P Oliveira, Adriana L. G Almeida, Paulo G. Coelho, Fernanda U. Ferreira, Dimas T. Covas, Marcio M. Beloti, and Adalberto L. Rosa. "Effect of cell therapy with osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow or adipose tissue stromal cells on bone repair." Regenerative Medicine 14, no. 12 (December 2019): 1107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2019-0036.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local injection of osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow (BM-OB) or adipose tissue (AT-OB) mesenchymal stromal cells on bone tissue formation. Materials & methods: Defects were created in rat calvaria and injected with BM-OB or AT-OB and phosphate-buffered saline without cells were injected as control. Bone formation was evaluated 4 weeks postinjection. Results: Injection of BM-OB or AT-OB resulted in higher bone formation than that obtained with control. The bone tissue induced by cell injections exhibited similar mechanical properties as those of pristine calvarial bone, and its molecular cues suggested the occurrence of a remodeling process. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that cell therapy with osteoblasts induced significant bone formation that exhibited the same quality as that of pre-existent bone.

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Fujimoto, R., H. E. Takahashi, T. Tanizawa, N. Yamamoto, and K. Tokunaga. "Effect of transforming growth factor-β on rat calvaria." Bone 13, no. 5 (July 1992): A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(92)90501-m.

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Schuster, George S., Norris L. O'Dell, John T. Wilson, and David C. Ward. "Replication of rat virus in neonatal calvaria in culture." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology 24, no. 10 (October 1988): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02620879.

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Walenga, Ronald W., and William Bergstrom. "Stimulation of calcium uptake in rat calvaria by prostacyclin." Prostaglandins 29, no. 2 (February 1985): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(85)90201-1.

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Ohya, Keiichi, Shoji Yamada, Rolf Felix, and Herbert Fleisch. "Effect of bisphosphonates on prostaglandin synthesis by rat bone cells and mouse calvaria in culture." Clinical Science 69, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0690403.

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1. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and also inhibit prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in bone cells. Therefore we have investigated whether a correlation exists between inhibition of bone resorption and inhibition of PGE2 formation. 2. Initially, bisphosphonates were tested for their effect on the release of [14C]PGE2 from rat calvaria cells labelled with [14C]arachidonic acid and stimulated by bradykinin, thrombin and mechanical manipulation. The effect on [14C]-PGE2 synthesis was not correlated with the known inhibitory activity of bisphosphonates on bone resorption. 3. Mouse calvaria were then treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce PGE2 synthesis and bone resorption, with or without bisphosphonates. The bisphosphonates either decreased, had no effect or increased PGE2 production, but all inhibited the release of calcium. 4. Finally, the bisphosphonates were given in vivo to mice before explantation of the calvaria. Some of the bisphosphonates decreased the production of PGE2, suggesting that these compounds may have such an effect in vivo. But again no relationship between the effect on PGE2 synthesis and bone resorption was found. 5. Thus, these experiments show the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates on bone resorption is unlikely to be explained only by their effect on PGE2 synthesis.

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Ljunggren, Östen, and Sverker Ljunghall. "Carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen, ICTP, as a marker of matrix degradation in neonatal mouse calvarial bones, in vitro." Bioscience Reports 12, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01121504.

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Bone resorption, in vitro, is often measured as the release of prelabelled45Ca from neonatal mouse calvarial bones, or from fetal rat long bones. In this report we describe a technique to measure the breakdown of bone-matrix, in vitro. We also describe a new way to dissect neonatal mouse calvarial bones, in order to obtain large amounts of bone samples. Twelve bone fragments were dissected out from each mouse calvaria and were thereafter cultured in CMRL 1066 culture medium in serum-free conditions in 0.5 cm2 multiwell culture dishes. Matrix degradation after treatment with parathyroid hormone was assessed by measuring the amount of carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) by RIA. The data on matrix degradation was compared to the release of prelabelled45Ca from neonatal mouse calvarial bones. We found that the dose-responses for parathyroid hormone-induced release of prelabelled45Ca and ICTP were identical. In conclusion: RIA-analysis of the ICTP-release is an easy and accurate method to measure degradation of bone-matrix, in vitro. Furthermore, the new dissection technique, described in this report, makes it easy to obtain large amounts of bone samples and thus to perform extensive experiments, e.g. dose-responses for agents that enhance bone resorption.

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Sundar, Ramalingam, A. Bhagavandas Rai, Naveenkumar Jayakumar, and Darshan D. Divakar. "Calvarial bone defect regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate: a translational research study in rat animal model." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222836.

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Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) using osteoconductive graft materials has been used for osseous defect healing. The aim of this translational research study was to design and test a critical size calvarial defect (CSD) model in rats, to test GBR with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), using histology and micro computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment.Methods: Female Wistar albino rats (n=10) weighing 300 grams and aged 6-weeks were used and full thickness CSD were created in calvaria following exposure under general anesthesia. CSD were randomly divided into two groups for treatment, based on defect filling material: control group (no graft placed in defect; n=5); and beta-TCP group (defect grafted with beta-TCP; n=5). Both defects were covered with collagen membrane. After 8-weeks of healing the animals were sacrificed and calvarial specimens were subjected to micro-CT and histological assessment.Results: Based on micro-CT the new bone volume (NBV) was significantly higher in beta-TCP group (3.48±0.27 mm3; p<0.05), than control group (2.88±0.33 mm3). Similarly, new bone mineral density (NBMD) was significantly higher in beta-TCP group (0.426±0.018 g/mm3; p<0.01), than control group (0.243±0.015 g/mm3). Histology revealed greater new bone bridging the entire defect with interspersed graft particles in the beta-TCP group.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, GBR of rat calvarial CSD with beta-TCP and collagen membrane, results in significantly higher NBV and NBMD, and is a reliable and reproducible translational research model.

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Iwai, Satoshi, Kayo Kuyama, Noboru Kuboyama, Shimpei Takiguchi, Naomi Ogura, Hirotsugu Yamamoto, and Toshirou Kondoh. "Osteogenic Potential of Human Dental Follicle Cells on Rat Calvaria." Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 22, no. 1 (2013): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2485/jhtb.22.95.

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Yoshiko, Yuji, Norihiko Maeda, and Jane E. Aubin. "Stanniocalcin 1 Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation in Rat Calvaria Cell Cultures." Endocrinology 144, no. 9 (September 2003): 4134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0130.

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Lee, Won-Bum, Caifeng Wang, Jung-Han Lee, Ki-Jae Jeong, Yoon-Seo Jang, Jin-Young Park, Mi Heon Ryu, Uk-Kyu Kim, Jaebeom Lee, and Dae-Seok Hwang. "Whitlockite Granules on Bone Regeneration in Defect of Rat Calvaria." ACS Applied Bio Materials 3, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 7762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00960.

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Kasahara, Shinji, Seiji Nishikawa, Hiroshi Ishida, Toshihiko Nagata, Noriyuki Yamauchi, Keiji Ohishi, Yoichi Wakano, and Hideo Inoue. "The role of 5′-methylthioadenosine on rat calvaria cell differentiation." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 182, no. 2 (January 1992): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(92)91805-z.

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Massas, Ruth, Rafi Korenstein, Dieter Bincmann, and Peter Tetsch. "Membrane potential of rat calvaria bone cells: Dependence on temperature." Journal of Cellular Physiology 144, no. 1 (July 1990): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041440102.

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Zambuzzi, Willian F., Gustavo V. O. Fernandes, Flávia G. Iano, Mileni da S. Fernandes, José Mauro Granjeiro, and Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira. "Exploring anorganic bovine bone granules as osteoblast carriers for bone bioengineering: a study in rat critical-size calvarial defects." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400002.

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It is known that current trends on bone bioengineering seek ideal scaffolds and explore innovative methods to restore tissue function. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of anorganic bovine bone as osteoblast carrier in critical-size calvarial defects. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells (1x10(5) cells/well) were cultured on granules of anorganic bovine bone in 24-well plates and after 24 h these granules were implanted into rat critical-size calvarial defects (group Biomaterial + Cells). In addition, other groups were established with different fillings of the defect: Blood Clot (negative control); Autogenous Bone (positive control); Biomaterial (only granules) and Cells (only MC3T3-E1 cells). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized and the calvaria were technically processed in order to allow histological and morphometric analysis. It was possible to detect blood vessels, connective tissue and newly formed bone in all groups. Particularly in the Biomaterial + Cells group, it was possible to observe a profile of biological events between the positive control group (autogenous bone) and the group in which only anorganic bovine granules were implanted. Altogether, the results of the present study showed that granules of anorganic bovine bone can be used as carrier to osteoblasts and that adding growth factors at the moment of implantation should maximize these results.

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Araùjo, Carlos R. G., Carlo Astarita, Riccardo D'Aquino, and André A. Pelegrine. "Evaluation of Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvaria Using Bone Autologous Micrografts and Xenografts: Histological and Histomorphometric Analysis." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194284.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of autologous micrografts obtained by the Rigenera® Micrografting Technology and xenograft on critical size defects created in the calvaria of rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups for each of the two evaluation times (15 and 30 days) (n = 6). After general anesthesia, a 5-mm diameter bone defect was created in the calvaria of each animal. Each defect was filled with the following materials: blood clot, autologous bone graft, xenograft, and xenograft associated with autologous micrografts. Histomorphometric and histological analysis showed that the group that have received the Rigenera® processed autologous micrografts combined with the xenograft and the group that received autologous bone graft resulted in greater bone formation in both time points when compared with the use of the xenograft alone and blood clot.

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Jang, Yong-Seok, So-Hee Moon, Thuy-Duong Thi Nguyen, Min-Ho Lee, Tae-Ju Oh, A.-Lum Han, and Tae-Sung Bae. "In vivo bone regeneration by differently designed titanium membrane with or without surface treatment: a study in rat calvarial defects." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141983146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419831466.

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The current objective was to evaluate six groups of titanium membranes in a rat calvarial defect model, regarding the surface treatment with or without calcium-phosphate coating and surface topography with no, small, or large holes. Critical size defects (Ф = 8 mm, n = 42) were surgically created in rat calvaria, and then were treated by one of the six groups. Biopsies were obtained at 4 weeks (n = 5 per group) for micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses. Fluorochrome bone markers were injected in two rats each group at 1 (Alizarin red), 3 (Calcein green) and 5 weeks (Oxytetracyclin yellow), followed by histological examination at 7 weeks to assess bone regeneration dynamic. At 4 weeks, the highest bone volume was observed in no-hole groups independent of surface treatment ( p < 0.05). Treated groups with no-hole and large-hole membranes showed increased bone mineral density than with respective non-treated groups ( p < 0.05). Histology exhibited an intimate bone formation onto the treated membranes, whereas non-treated ones demonstrated interposition of connective tissue, which was confirmed through bone contact percentages. The results suggest that occlusive membranes showed more bone formation than other perforated ones, and calcium-phosphate treatment induces intimate bone formation toward the membrane.

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Maccarinelli, Giuseppina, Valeria Sibilia, Antonio Torsello, Francesca Raimondo, Marina Pitto, Andrea Giustina, Carmela Netti, and Daniela Cocchi. "Ghrelin regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells." Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 1 (January 2005): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05837.

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It has previously been reported that growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) may have a role in the regulation of bone metabolism in animals and humans. In this study we evaluated the effect of ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of GHS receptors, on the proliferation rate and on osteoblast activity in primary cultures of rat calvaria osteoblasts. In the same experiments, we compared the effects of ghrelin with those of hexarelin (HEXA) and EP-40737, two synthetic GHS with different characteristics. Both ghrelin and HEXA (10−11−10−8 M) significantly stimulated osteoblast proliferation at low concentrations (10−10 M). Surprisingly, EP-40737 demonstrated an antiproliferative effect at 10−9−10−8 M, whereas lower concentrations had no effect on cell proliferation. Ghrelin and HEXA significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) production. At variance with these peptides, EP-40737 did not significantly stimulate ALP and OC. The mRNA for GHS-R1a receptors and the corresponding protein were detected in calvarial osteoblasts by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively, indicating that ghrelin and GHS may bind and activate this specific receptor. We conclude that endogenous ghrelin and synthetic GHS modulate proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts, probably by acting on their specific receptor.

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TSAI, SHIAO-WEN, FU-YIN HSU, and YNG JIIN WANG. "ENCAPSULATION AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE DIFFERENT CELLS IN ALGINATE GEL BEADS CONTAINING RECONSTITUTED COLLAGEN FIBERS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 18, no. 02 (April 25, 2006): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237206000129.

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Alginate gel beads containing reconstituted collagen fibers were fabricated and used to culture three different cells - GH3 pituitary tumor cells, L929 fibroblasts and rat calvaria osteoblasts. These cells when entrapped within the collagen-containing alginate behaved differently from those grown in the alginate matrix. Of the three cells tested, the existence of collagen fibers is most beneficial for the viability and proliferation of GH3 cells which can grow either as suspended or attached to the matrix. For the case of osteoblasts derived from the primary culture of rat calvaria, most of the cells entrapped in alginate lost their viability after seeding. The collagen fibers in the alginate gel beads nevertheless decelerated the apotosis process. Furthermore, the entrapped osteoblasts were capable of migrating out of the collagen-containing alginate matrix when the alginate gel beads were in contact with the culture dish. The mineralization of matrix, a key phenotypic expression of osteoblatic cells, was shown by von-Kosa staining on the culturing dish after 14 days cultivation of the cells which crawled out of the gel beads. The collagen-containing alginate beads appear to be more versatile than the conventional alginate gel beads for biomedical applications.

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Calasans-Maia, Monica, G. V. O. Fernandes, Antonella M. Rossi, Eliane Pedra Dias, G. D. S. Almeida, F. F. Mitri, and José Mauro Granjeiro. "Effect of Hydroxyapatite and Zinc-Containing Hydroxyapatite on Osseous Repair of Critical Size Defect in the Rat Calvaria." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 1273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.1273.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA), widely used as bone graft, can be modified by the incorporation of bivalent cations (Mg2+ and Zn2+) and its gradual release could favor the bone repair. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the HA and zinc-containing hydroxyapatite (Zn-HA) in the bone repair in rat calvaria in comparison to autogenous bone. Critical size defect in the calvaria was filled with the graft material and the samples were harvested at the 30, 90 and 180 days. The light microcopy observations showed the biocompatibility of the graft materials. In the Zn-HA group the area of neoformed bone was larger than in the HA group, but smaller than in the autograft. A fibrous connective tissue was more evident around HA granules. It could be conclude that the presence of zinc ions in HA crystal accelerated the osteogenesis and increased the area of newly formed bone in relation to HA.

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Bonnelye, Edith, Vanessa Kung, Catherine Laplace, Deborah L. Galson, and Jane E. Aubin. "Estrogen Receptor-Related Receptor α Impinges on the Estrogen Axis in Bone: Potential Function in Osteoporosis." Endocrinology 143, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 3658–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-220095.

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Abstract The orphan nuclear estrogen receptor-related receptor α (ERRα) is expressed by osteoblastic cells and plays a functional role in osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation. To dissect further the role of ERRα in bone, we investigated the effects of estrogen (E2) on ERRα both in vitro and in vivo. Chronic treatment of fetal rat calvaria cells with E2-stimulated bone nodule formation and up-regulated ERRα mRNA expression at early (10 h and d 8) but not later times in culture, suggesting a link between ERRα and E2 during osteoprogenitor proliferation. ERRα mRNA levels were significantly lower in ovariectomized adult rat bones vs. those of sham-operated rats early (1 d and 1 wk) post surgery, but levels returned to control levels thereafter. ERRα is also expressed in osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase + multinucleated cells) in vivo and in vitro (RAW 264.7 cells) and ovariectomization lowered the OPG/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand expression ratio. Down-regulation of ERRα expression via antisense treatment of rat calvaria cells not only inhibited osteogenesis but also increased adipocyte colony formation and changed the OPG/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand ratio. These data suggest that ERRα is regulated by estrogen in bone in which it may play a functional role at several levels (osteoblasts, adipocytes, and osteoclasts) in E2 deficiency diseases such as osteoporosis.

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36

Adamek, G., R. Felix, H. L. Guenther, and H. Fleisch. "Fatty acid oxidation in bone tissue and bone cells in culture. Characterization and hormonal influences." Biochemical Journal 248, no. 1 (November 15, 1987): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2480129.

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Fatty acid oxidation and its hormonal modulation were investigated in cultured rat calvaria and in cultivated cell populations. The latter were obtained from calvaria of newborn rats by sequential time-dependent digestion with collagenase, yielding eight cell populations: the early ones containing mainly fibroblasts, the middle ones being osteoblast-like, and late ones osteoblast-osteocyte-like. In calvaria, fatty acid oxidation was increased by adding 0.1 mM- and 1.0 mM-palmitate to the medium, containing 10% (v/v) fetal-calf serum. No effect was found after parathyrin addition in vitro or when injected in vivo. All cell populations obtained by sequential digestion were found to oxidize palmitate, whereby the osteoblast-like cells showed a lower oxidation rate than the other populations. Both parathyrin and calcitonin had no effect on fatty acid oxidation. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol at 1-100 nM and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol at 100 nM increased oxidation primarily in the population enriched with osteoblast-like cells. Insulin at 1.6 microM diminished it in the cell populations enriched with osteoblast-like cells and in the late bone-cell fraction. However, glucagon had no effect. The energy provided by fatty acid oxidation in this system is approx. 40-80% of glucose metabolism, suggesting that this event may be of importance in the energy metabolism of bone.

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Biewer, Bob, Eric Rompen, Michel Mittelbronn, Gaël P. Hammer, Pascale Quatresooz, and Felix Kleine Borgmann. "Effects of Minocycline Hydrochloride as an Adjuvant Therapy for a Guided Bone Augmentation Procedure in The Rat Calvarium." Dentistry Journal 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj11040092.

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This in vivo study reports the influence of minocycline-HCl administration on extra-skeletal bone generation in a Guided Bone Augmentation model, utilizing titanium caps placed on the intact as well as perforated calvaria of rats. The test group was administered 0.5 mg/mL minocycline-HCl with the drinking water, and the amount of bone tissue in the caps was quantified at three time points (4, 8 and 16 weeks). A continuously increased tissue fill was observed in all groups over time. The administration of minocycline-HCl as well as perforation of the calvaria increased this effect, especially with regard to mineralization. The strongest tissue augmentation, with 1.8 times that of the untreated control group, and, at the same time, the most mineralized tissue (2.3× over untreated control), was produced in the combination of both treatments, indicating that systemic administration of minocycline-HCl has an accelerating and enhancing effect on vertical bone augmentation.

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38

Klinge, B., D. Lehto-Axtelius, M. Åkerman, and R. Håkanson. "Structure of Calvaria after Gastrectomy: An Experimental Study in the Rat." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 30, no. 10 (January 1995): 952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365529509096337.

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39

Jeong, Chan-Doo, Ok-Su Kim, and Hyun-Ju Chung. "Effect of Alendronate on Bone Regeneration in Defect of Rat Calvaria." Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology 31, no. 2 (2001): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2001.31.2.389.

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Malaval, L., A. K. Gupta, and J. E. Aubin. "Leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits osteogenic differentiation in rat calvaria cell cultures." Endocrinology 136, no. 4 (April 1995): 1411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.4.7895651.

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Rosa, Fabiana Paim, Raphael Carlos Comelli Lia, Kaline Olı́mpia Fernandes de Souza, Gilberto Goissis, and Elcio Marcantonio. "Tissue response to polyanionic collagen: elastin matrices implanted in rat calvaria." Biomaterials 24, no. 2 (January 2003): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00292-2.

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42

Herrera, JoséI, Nieves Olmo, Javier Turnay, Alberto Sicilia, Antonio Bascones, JoséG Gavilanes, and MAntonia Lizarbe. "Implantation of sepiolite-collagen complexes in surgically created rat calvaria defects." Biomaterials 16, no. 8 (January 1995): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(95)93860-g.

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43

Brassolatti, Patricia, Ana Laura Martins de Andrade, Paulo Sérgio Bossini, Daiana Laurenci Orth, Fernanda Oliveira Duarte, Ana Beatriz dos Anjos Souza, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto, and Fernanda de Freitas Anibal. "Photobiomodulation on critical bone defects of rat calvaria: a systematic review." Lasers in Medical Science 33, no. 9 (October 6, 2018): 1841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2653-z.

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44

Watanabe, H., K. Miake, and J. Sasaki. "Immunohistochemical Study of the Cytoskeleton of Osteoblasts in the Rat Calvaria." Cells Tissues Organs 147, no. 1 (1993): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147476.

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45

Zimmermann, Bernd. "Degeneration of osteoblasts involved in intramembranous ossification of fetal rat calvaria." Cell & Tissue Research 267, no. 1 (January 1992): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00318693.

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46

D'Aoust, P., C. A. G. McCulloch, H. C. Tenenbaum, and P. C. Lekic. "Etidronate (HEBP) promotes osteoblast differentiation and wound closure in rat calvaria." Cell and Tissue Research 302, no. 3 (November 20, 2000): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004419900165.

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47

Hurley, Marja M., Gloria Gronowicz, Barbara E. Kream, and Lawrence G. Raisz. "Effect of heparin on bone formation in cultured fetal rat calvaria." Calcified Tissue International 46, no. 3 (March 1990): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02555042.

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Schneider Werner Vianna, Thiago, Suelen Cristina Sartoretto, Adriana Terezinha Neves Novellino Alves, Rodrigo Figueiredo de Brito Resende, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Jose de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia, Victor R. Martinez-Zelaya, et al. "Nanostructured Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Associated to rhBMP-2 Improves Bone Repair in Rat Calvaria." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11040087.

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Many biomaterials are used for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) delivery in bone tissue engineering. The BMP carrier system’s primary function is to hold these growth factors at the wound’s site for a prolonged time and provide initial support for cells to attach and elaborate the extracellular matrix for bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres (nCHA) as an rhBMP-2 carrier on rats calvaria. A total of fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5): clot (control group), rhBMP-2 associated with collagen membrane (COL/rhBMP-2) or associated with the microspheres (nCHA/rhBMP-2). After 45 days, the calvaria defect samples were evaluated through histological, histomorphometric, and SR-µCT analyses to investigate new-formed bone and connective tissue volume densities. The descriptive histological analysis showed that nCHA/rhBMP-2 improved bone formation compared to other groups. These results were confirmed by histomorphometric and SR-µCT analysis that showed substantially defect area filling with a higher percentage of newly formed (36.24 ± 6.68) bone than those with the COL/rhBMP-2 (0.42 ± 0.40) and Clot (3.84 ± 4.57) (p < 0.05). The results showed that nCHA is an effective carrier for rhBMP-2 encouraging bone healing and an efficient alternative to collagen membrane for rhBMP-2 delivery.

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Lee, Dong Joon, Yonsil Park, Wei-Shou Hu, and Ching-Chang Ko. "Osteogenic Potential of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells for Calvaria Bone Regeneration." Advances in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2803081.

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Osteogenic cells derived from rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPCs) were investigated for their potential use in bone regeneration. rMAPCs are adult stem cells derived from bone marrow that have a high proliferation capacity and the differentiation potential to multiple lineages. They may also offer immunomodulatory properties favorable for applications for regenerative medicine. rMAPCs were cultivated as single cells or as 3D aggregates in osteogenic media for up to 38 days, and their differentiation to bone lineage was then assessed by immunostaining of osteocalcin and collagen type I and by mineralization assays. The capability of rMAPCs in facilitating bone regeneration was evaluatedin vivoby the direct implantation of multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) aggregates in rat calvarial defects. Bone regeneration was examined radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Results showed that rMAPCs successfully differentiated into osteogenic lineage by demonstrating mineralized extracellular matrix formationin vitroand induced new bone formation by the effect of rMAPC aggregatesin vivo. These outcomes confirm that rMAPCs have a good osteogenic potential and provide insights into rMAPCs as a novel adult stem cell source for bone regeneration.

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Schmid, Ch, Th Steiner, and E. R. Froesch. "Triiodothyronine increases responsiveness of cultured rat bone cells to parathyroid hormone." Acta Endocrinologica 111, no. 2 (February 1986): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1110213.

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Abstract. Osteoblast-like cells prepared from calvaria of newborn rats and grown in culture for 1 week show markedly increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity upon exposure to parathyroid hormone (PTH) for 4 h. Triiodothyronine (T3) increases ODC activity of the cultures in long-term experiments but does not stimulate cell replication. Moreover, PTH responsiveness is enhanced by T3. Thus, T3 acts directly on bone cells, and the clinical observation of bone sensitization to PTH by thyroid hormones is confirmed at the cellular level.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Calvaria de rat'

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