Journal articles: 'Calliphorid flies'

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Authement, Melissa Lein, Leon G. Higley, and William Wyatt Hoback. "Anoxia Tolerance in Four Forensically Important Calliphorid Species." Forensic Sciences 3, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010001.

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Forensically important blow flies, Diptera: Calliphoridae, are among the first organisms to colonize carrion. After eggs hatch, the larvae of most blow fly species feed in an aggregation or “mass”. While in this mass larvae may experience periods of hypoxia/anoxia, but the tolerance of blow fly larvae to anoxic conditions is poorly studied. We tested the anoxia tolerance of four species of calliphorids (Calliphora vicina, Cochliomyia macellaria, Lucilia sericata, and Phormia regina), by examining actively feeding third-stage larvae across five temperatures. Experiments were conducted by exposing larvae to pure nitrogen environments and determining mortality at set time intervals. All species show significant linear relationships between survival time and temperature under anoxic conditions. Of species tested, C. macellaria had the greatest tolerance to anoxia (LT50 of 9 h at 20 °C). In contrast, C. vicina was the least tolerant (LT50 of 2.2 h at 40 °C). With all species, survivorship decreased with increasing temperature. Unlike many other insects tested in severe hypoxia, the larvae of the calliphorids tested, which included members of three subfamilies, were not tolerant of anoxic conditions. From these findings, it seems likely that hypoxia is a significant limitation for maggots in a maggot mass, particularly when the mass temperature is high (>40 °C). Forensically, these data provide a limit on potential maggot survival on bodies that have been submerged or otherwise experience severe hypoxia before discovery.

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Mello, Renata da Silva, Margareth M. C. Queiroz, and Valéria M. Aguiar-Coelho. "Population fluctuations of calliphorid species (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in the Biological Reserve of Tinguá, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 97, no. 4 (December 2007): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212007000400019.

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The purpose of this work was to determine the diversity and population fluctuations of calliphorid flies in the Biological Reserve of Tinguá (ReBio-Tinguá), Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and to correlate their occurrence with the environmental variables of temperature, rainfall and relative air humidity. Specimens of Diptera were collected monthly between June 2002 and January 2005 using four traps placed at four points along a trail and exposed for 48 hours. The traps were baited with sardines and the trapped insects were stored in 70% alcohol. It was collected 8,528 calliphorids, thirteen species were identified among the blowflies including Laneela nigripes Guimarães 1977, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), C. albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), C. putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Devoidy, 1830), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850), H. segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann,1819), L. cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), Paralucilia pseudolyrcea (Mello, 1969), Mesembrinella sp. and Eumesembrinella pauciseta (Aldrich, 1922). No significant correlation was found between the abundance of blowflies and the temperature and relative air humidity. Only C. megacephala and C. albiceps showed a positive and significant correlation with rainfall. An analysis of grouping by month (UPGMA) revealed no seasonal difference in the composition of the community, indicating that the community of calliphorid flies is probably more influenced by the ecological niches occupied by each species than by the seasons of the year.

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Mello, Renata S., Margareth M. C. Queiroz, André F. Nunes-Freitas, and Valéria M. Aguiar-Coelho. "Calliphorid fly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) attraction to different colored traps in the Tingua Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 99, no. 4 (December 2009): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212009000400013.

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The present study intended to analyze calliphorid attraction to traps painted in a variety of colors and the calliphorid constancy index in the Tingua Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The Diptera were collected monthly in the Reserve, between 2002 and 2005, totaling 24 samplings. Four traps containing sardines as bait were painted olive green, blood red, black, or white and exposed for 48 h at four equidistant points, 50 m from each other. To determine the calliphorid species constancy, the Bodenheirmer constancy index was used throughout the study. To analyze differences in the total abundance between species and in their color selection, an ANCOVA test with a significance level of 5 % and a Tukey post-test were used, considering the categories species and color as cofactors and climatic variables as co-variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), since the samples were collected over two years. 10,444 insects were captured. Of these, 56 % belonged to the Calliphoridae family, totaling 13 species, with the most frequent species being Laneela nigripes (28.5 %), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (17 %), and Mesembrinella sp. (16.4 %). The other species had frequencies lower than 12 %. Nine species were considered constant, two accessories, and two accidental. The data indicated that the most frequent species presented significant differences between themselves concerning abundance over the captured months, however, the Tukey post-test indicated differences only between a few of them. The black trap presented the higher relative calliphorid frequency (27.34 %), followed by green (25 %), red (24.0 %), and white (23.7 %), although the species abundance in the different colored traps did not differ significantly among themselves. Therefore, there was no Calliphorid flies preference for any of the tested colors.

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Howlett, B. G., M. M. Davidson, D. E. Pattemore, M. K. Walker, and W. R. Nelson. "Seasonality of calliphorid and sarcophagid flies across Canterbury arable farms requiring pollinators." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5899.

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Calliphorid and sarcophagid flies are common widespread pollinators of vegetable and forage seed crops Information regarding their seasonal occurrence on arable farms growing these crops may help predict their temporal effectiveness and flexibility as pollinators Window intercept traps (12 per farm) were placed at the edges of crop paddocks across five arable farms in Canterbury for periods of 16 weeks from 2012 to 2015 Total trapping days for each season over the four years were summer 128 autumn 92 winter 199 and spring 35 Flies from at least six species were commonly caught from spring to autumn Mean farm insect counts found Calliphora vicina to be the most abundant species in spring (2373) summer (891) and winter (32) while Oxysarcodexia varia (2129) and Pollenia spp (1903) were most abundant in autumn Their broad temporal abundance shows their potential to pollinate crops that flower at different times

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PARALUPPI, Norival D., Jurandir C. de VASCONCELOS, Josenilda S. de AQUINO, Eloy G. CASTELLÓN, and Maria do S. B. da SILVA. "CALLIPHORIDAE (DIPTERA) IN MANAUS: IV. BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM BLOWFLIES COLLECTED IN STREET MARKETS." Acta Amazonica 26, no. 1-2 (June 1996): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921996261096.

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Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteussp., Providenciasp., Citrobactersp. and Klebsiellasp. were isolated from calliphorid flies collected in eight street markets in the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The presence of £. coliin the samples suggests that faecal contamination is occurring and that these flies are potential vehicles of enteropathogenic bacteria to exposed foods.

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KURAHASHI, Hiromu, and V. K. THAPA. "Notes on the Nepalese calliphorid flies (Insecta : Diptera)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 45, Supplement (1994): 179–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.179.

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Schmidlin, Franziska G., Jon J. Sullivan, Mike H. Bowie, and Brad G. Howlett. "Insect flower visitors of planted native species within the arable landscape on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (July 2, 2018): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.170.

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Almost all of the original native vegetation of Canterbury Plains has been replaced with an arable landscape of managed exotic vegetation. A previous study planted small areas of native trees on arable farms in 2013 to enhance the abundance and diversity of beneficial insect crop pollinators. The aim of the current study was to assess insect flower visitation at three sites in the fifth year after planting. Weekly standardised surveys of native flower visitors were conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. A total of 2349 insects from 37 taxa were observed within three native plantings. Native bees (Lasioglossum sordidum 20%) and the honey bee, Apis mellifera (19%), were the most common followed by the large hoverfly, Melangyna novaezelandiae (16%). The calliphorid flies, brown blowfly Calliphora stygia (8%) and blue blowfly Calliphora vicina (6%), were also well represented. The most abundant insects visited four or more of the eight study plant species. Most (52%) of the flower visitors where natives. Many of these insects are known crop pollinators and it is likely that they assist with crop pollination.

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Montalva, Cristian, Karin Collier, Christian Luz, and Richard A. Humber. "Pandora bullata (Entomophthoromycota: Entomophthorales) affecting calliphorid flies in central Brazil." Acta Tropica 158 (June 2016): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.007.

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Bauer, Amely M., Alexandra Bauer, and Jeffery K. Tomberlin. "Effects of Photoperiod on the Development of Forensically Important Blow Fly Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (April 18, 2020): 1382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa058.

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Abstract Estimation of the time of colonization (TOC) is often based on laboratory studies that document arthropod development. Precise data for forensically important species, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), are essential for accuracy in the estimate of TOC. Calliphorid development is a quantitative trait and thus depends on a host of variables. In calliphorids, studies showed photoperiod can play a role in development. However, there has been little research to date on the effects of photoperiod, and available data indicate the impact is species-specific. In this study, the effects of photoperiod on the development of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), were examined. Chrysomya rufifacies is a fly of great medical and legal importance and is often encountered on vertebrate remains in temperate and tropic regions throughout the world, including North and Central America, Asia, and Australia. Larvae were reared under light regimes of 12, 16, and 24 h of light at 28.5 ± 0.0°C, 86.2 ± 0.3 RH. Minimum development time for each stage did not differ significantly for the applied photoperiods, nor were there significant differences in total minimum postembryonic development time. Photoperiod did not significantly affect larval size or growth rate. The data suggest that light durations investigated in this study do not influence the development of C. rufifacies. This indicates that photoperiod may not be a concern for forensic entomologists in Texas, United States, or other areas with similar conditions when estimating the TOC for this species. Validation efforts are encouraged to verify this conclusion.

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KURAHASHI, Hiromu, and Qamar BANU. "Notes on the Bangladesh calliphorid flies of medical importance (Insecta : Diptera)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 40, supplement (1989): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.40.97_2.

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Strausfeld, Nicholas J., Alberta Kong, J�rgen J. Milde, Cole Gilbert, and Lila Ramaiah. "Oculomotor control in calliphorid flies: GABAergic organization in heterolateral inhibitory pathways." Journal of Comparative Neurology 361, no. 2 (October 16, 1995): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903610208.

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12

Barashkova and Budishcheva. "CALLIPHORIDAE (REVIEW)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.80-84.

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The Calliphoridae family attracts many researchers in the phylogeny of myiasis in this family. Nevertheless, even after more than 50 years of research of the phylogenetic relationships among Calliphoridae subfamilies, the origin of myiasis remains unclear. By studying the peculiarities of the ecology of blue-green meat flies, and their adaptation to various habitats, it was found that the transition to facultative parasitism at the larval stage could occur in several ways, and was accompanied by the formation of viviparity. The larval parasitism of Calliphoridae on birds developed as a tendency of evolution. Larvae of the genus Protocalliphora, began feeding on blood of birds, and larvae of the species of the genus Trypocalliphora feed on the host tissues causing myiasis and the death of chicks. In order to elucidate the problem, we constructed three phylogenetic trees using nucleotide sequence data from cytochrome oxidase subunit one gene (COI), representing a mitochondrial conservative gene, and nuclear 28S subunit of ribosomal RNA gene (28S rRNA) in order to interpret the evolutionary profile of myiasis in the family Calliphoridae. Comparative analysis of the phylogenetic trees shows that the habit of obligatory myiasis originated independently more than five times among different calliphorid taxa in the course of evolutionary history. The inclusion of other myiasis-causing families (Oestridae, Gastrophilidae, and Sarcophagidae) along with fundamental life-history studies that deal with biology, physiology, feeding behavior and host specificity in addition to phylogenetic analysis could provide a more accurate answer to the origin of myiasis

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EVENHUIS, NEAL L. "An overlooked earlier name for the bird blow fly genus Protocalliphora Hough (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Zootaxa 3444, no. 1 (August 29, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3444.1.5.

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Protocalliphora, a genus-group name of calliphorid flies proposed by Hough (1899) is a well-known blood-feeding obligate parasite of a number of species of birds throughout the Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions where the larvae attack young birds in their nests sometimes causing death. An excellent comprehensive work on the taxonomy and biologies of the species of the genus was published by Sabrosky et al. (1989). Their work treated 26 species in the genus and gave records of more than 140 species of birds recorded as hosts.

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MITSUI, Hideyuki. "Habitat preference of carrion-breeding calliphorid and sarcophagid flies in central Japan." Medical Entomology and Zoology 53, Supplement2 (2002): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.53.275.

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Harvey, Michelle, Natalie Gasz, Zara Woolley, Lillian Roberts, Nynke Raven, Ariana Colbert, Kirby Law, Polly Marshall, and Sasha Voss. "Dipteran Attraction to a Variety of Baits: Implications for Trapping Studies as a Tool for Establishing Seasonal Presence of Significant Species." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 5 (April 16, 2019): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz050.

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Abstract Monitoring and collection of fly taxa (Diptera: Calliphoridae; Muscidae; Sarcophagidae) of medical, veterinary, and agricultural importance is often routine practice, providing data on target species presence, distribution and abundance. Collection practices currently involve baited trapping and while an inherent bias accompanying the choice of bait is acknowledged, there is little consistency in bait choice between studies and insufficient assessment of trapping success rates for bait types in current use. This study aimed to examine the effect of bait choice on trapping results for six commonly used bait types; a commercial bait (Envirosafe Fly Attractant, Envirosafe Products) and a combination of mixtures of liver, horse manure and 5% sodium sulfide (Na2S). Trapping success was compared under different seasonal conditions (Summer, Autumn, and Spring) to determine the most attractive bait for calliphorid species, with a secondary comparison of kangaroo versus ox liver occurring under summer conditions. Baits containing Na2S were the most successful in captures of all target taxa, with the addition of manure desirable, yielding increased diversity of taxa. Kangaroo liver baits attracted high numbers of Chrysomya spp. (Robineau-Desvoidy, Diptera: Calliphoridae), while Lucilia spp. (Robineau-Desvoidy, Diptera: Calliphoridae) were comparatively underrepresented in traps using liver alone. The use of a combined ox liver/manure/Na2S bait is recommended as the gold standard for generic screening of necrophagous flies. Where more specific target fly taxa are desired, such as Chrysomya spp. or Lucilia spp. only, alternate baits such as kangaroo or lamb may prove more attractive/successful.

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Boulay, Julien, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Valéry Hédouin, and Damien Charabidzé. "Interspecific shared collective decision-making in two forensically important species." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1824 (February 10, 2016): 20152676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2676.

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To date, the study of collective behaviour has mainly focused on intraspecific situations: the collective decision-making of mixed-species groups involving interspecific aggregation–segregation has received little attention. Here, we show that, in both conspecific and heterospecific groups, the larvae of two species ( Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vomitoria , calliphorid carrion-feeding flies) were able to make a collective choice. In all groups, the choice was made within a few minutes and persisted throughout the period of the experiment. The monitoring of a focal individual within a group showed that these aggregations were governed by attractive and retentive effects of the group. Furthermore, the similarity observed between the conspecific and heterospecific groups suggested the existence of shared aggregation signals. The group size was found to have a stronger influence than the species of necrophagous larvae. These results should be viewed in relation to the well-known correlation between group size and heat generation. This study provides the first experimental examination of the dynamics of collective decision-making in mixed-species groups of invertebrates, contributing to our understanding of the cooperation–competition phenomenon in animal social groups.

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Cook, David F., Sasha C. Voss, Jonathan T. D. Finch, Romina C. Rader, James M. Cook, and Cameron J. Spurr. "The Role of Flies as Pollinators of Horticultural Crops: An Australian Case Study with Worldwide Relevance." Insects 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060341.

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Australian horticulture relies heavily on the introduced managed honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to pollinate crops. Given the risks associated with reliance upon a single species, it would be prudent to identify other taxa that could be managed to provide crop pollination services. We reviewed the literature relating to the distribution, efficiency and management potential of a number of flies (Diptera) known to visit pollinator-dependent crops in Australia and worldwide. Applying this information, we identified the taxa most suitable to play a greater role as managed pollinators in Australian crops. Of the taxa reviewed, flower visitation by representatives from the dipteran families Calliphoridae, Rhiniidae and Syrphidae was frequently reported in the literature. While data available are limited, there was clear evidence of pollination by these flies in a range of crops. A review of fly morphology, foraging behaviour and physiology revealed considerable potential for their development as managed pollinators, either alone or to augment honey bee services. Considering existing pollination evidence, along with the distribution, morphology, behaviour and life history traits of introduced and endemic species, 11 calliphorid, two rhiniid and seven syrphid species were identified as candidates with high potential for use in Australian managed pollination services. Research directions for the comprehensive assessment of the pollination abilities of the identified taxa to facilitate their development as a pollination service are described. This triage approach to identifying species with high potential to become significant managed pollinators at local or regional levels is clearly widely applicable to other countries and taxa.

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Griffin, A. Rod, Andrew B. Hingston, and Clifford P. Ohmart. "Pollinators of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae), the world's tallest flowering plant species." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 1 (2009): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08168.

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Insect visitors to the flowers of Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. in a remnant natural stand were classified into 33 functional pollinator groups according to taxonomic affinity and body size. In total, 92% of insects caught were dipterans; however, most of these were small and did not contribute significantly to pollination. For the majority of taxa, which have short mouthparts and therefore need to intrude themselves into the flower while feeding on nectar, there was a highly significant relationship between body length and the number of E. regnans pollen grains carried on the body. Mean pollen loads ranged from 20 grains per insect for sepsid flies to 84 000 for large tachinid flies. An index of pollen-deposition potential, which is based on population size and pollen load, suggested that the larger tachinid, calliphorid and syrphid flies were the most important pollen vectors and that larger sphecid wasps also played a significant role. Many taxa appeared to contribute little to pollination because they were uncommon and/or did not carry large quantities of pollen. A convention is proposed whereby groups are weighted according to their contribution to total pollen-deposition potential. For E. regnans, a ratio of 5 Diptera/1 Hymenoptera + (Coleoptera/Lepidoptera) is described, with the taxa in parentheses contributing less than 10% of the total.

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Stynen, Dirk, Karin Vansteenwegen, and Arnold de Loof. "Anti-galactose lectins in the haemolymph of Sarcophaga bullata and three other calliphorid flies." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1985): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(85)90179-8.

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Strausfeld, Nicholas J., and Jun-Ya Okamura. "Visual system of calliphorid flies: Organization of optic glomeruli and their lobula complex efferents." Journal of Comparative Neurology 500, no. 1 (2006): 166–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.21196.

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Okamura, Jun-Ya, and Nicholas J. Strausfeld. "Visual system of calliphorid flies: Motion- and orientation-sensitive visual interneurons supplying dorsal optic glomeruli." Journal of Comparative Neurology 500, no. 1 (2006): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.21195.

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Bedo, D. G. "Polytene chromosomes of the Old World screwworm fly (Chrysomya bezziana) and its evolutionary relationships with Lucilia cuprina and Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Genome 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-045.

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Standard polytene chromosome maps for the Old World screwsworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, are presented. Good quality polytene chromosomes obtainable from pupal trichogen cells allow detailed analysis of autosomal euchromatin. The sex chromosomes are represented by irregular heterochromatic structures resembling those described previously in trichogen polytene chromosomes of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. A high degree of homology with the banding pattern of L. cuprina polytene chromosomes allowed direct recognition of approximately 60% of the L. cuprina complement in the C. bezziana maps. A further 13% may be homologous. The extensive homology observed is discussed in relation to the rate of chromosome rearrangement and conservation of karyotype elements in the evolution of Calliphorid flies. The observed conservation in polytene banding patterns should facilitate construction of phylogenies over a number of generic groups.Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, screwworm, polytene map, chromosome homology.

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Gronenberg, Wulfila, J�rgen J. Milde, and Nicholas J. Strausfeld. "Oculomotor control in calliphorid flies: Organization of descending neurons to neck motor neurons responding to visual stimuli." Journal of Comparative Neurology 361, no. 2 (October 16, 1995): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903610206.

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Gilbert, Cole, Wulfila Gronenberg, and Nicholas J. Strausfeld. "Oculomotor control in calliphorid flies: Head movements during activation and inhibition of neck motor neurons corroborate neuroanatomical predictions." Journal of Comparative Neurology 361, no. 2 (October 16, 1995): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903610207.

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GEORGE, K. A., M. S. ARCHER, and T. TOOP. "Effects of bait age, larval chemical cues and nutrient depletion on colonization by forensically important calliphorid and sarcophagid flies." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 26, no. 2 (November 17, 2011): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00996.x.

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Hocking, Morgan D., Nicholas K. Dulvy, John D. Reynolds, Richard A. Ring, and Thomas E. Reimchen. "Salmon subsidize an escape from a size spectrum." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1753 (February 22, 2013): 20122433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2433.

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A general rule in ecology is that the abundance of species or individuals in communities sharing a common energy source decreases with increasing body size. However, external energy inputs in the form of resource subsidies can modify this size spectrum relationship. Here, we provide the first test of how a marine resource subsidy can affect size spectra of terrestrial communities, based on energy derived from Pacific salmon carcasses affecting a forest soil community beside streams in western Canada. Using both species-based and individual approaches, we found size structuring in this forest soil community, and transient community-wide doubling of standing biomass in response to energy pulses from Pacific salmon carcasses. One group of species were clear outliers in the middle of the size spectrum relationship: larval calliphorid and dryomyzid flies, which specialize on salmon carcasses, and which showed a tenfold increase in biomass in their size class when salmon were available. Thus, salmon subsidize their escape from the size spectrum. These results suggest that using a size-based perspective of resource subsidies can provide new insights into the structure and functioning of food webs.

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Jaume Schinkel, Santiago, and Sergio Ibáñez Bernal. "Catalog of the family Calliphoridae (Diptera: Oestroidea) of Mexico." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 36, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2020.3612237.

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Calliphoridae is a worldwide distributed family of flies with over 1,500 described species. There are approximately 100 species in the Nearctic region and 130 in the Neotropical region, but in the Mexican territory only few species have been recorded. There is not a previous catalog of Mexican calliphorids. This catalog summarizes taxonomic actualized information of 27 species of 10 genera and 3 subfamilies of Calliphoridae known up to date in Mexico.

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Williams, K. A., and M. H. Villet. "Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of Forensically Important Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 1231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz056.

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AbstractThe seasonal activity of adults of eight forensically important blow fly species [Calliphora croceipalpis (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jaennicke, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), L. cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. marginalis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)] was quantified from collections in Makhanda, South Africa. Flies were collected in traps baited with chicken liver and placed in the field at eight locations for four consecutive days each fortnight for 14 mo. The seasonal distribution of each species compared well to published seasonal distributions of these blow flies elsewhere in South Africa, with evidence of year-to-year variation within seasons that might be explained by weather. This information is important for determining when and where certain species are likely to occur and will be of use in forensic investigations and myiasis management plans.

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Sarita, Agrawal, and Bajpai Neelam. "Electrophoretic Studies in Indian Calliphorids." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.053.

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The predominantly occurring Calliphoridae include many species of veterinary, forensic and medical importance. Although diagnostic morphological characters are present for taxonomic identification of all described species of Calliphoridae but these morphological characters are complicated because there exists great similarity among these flies. The purpose of accurate identification in larval stages or in incomplete specimens of flies is not possible on the basis of morphological characters only. Therefore, different molecular markers have been applied to resolve the discrepancies regarding identification which include allozyme, RAPD-PCR, PCR-RFLP, sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear regions etc. These methods can be applied to identify an unknown species also. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize different molecular work performed on Indian Calliphorids.

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WHITWORTH, TERRY, and KNUT ROGNES. "Identification of Neotropical blow flies of the genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with the description of a new species." Zootaxa 3209, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3209.1.1.

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A key to the six known species of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from the Neotropical Regionis given. Species distributions and key characters are discussed. Calliphora irazuana Townsend, 1908 is resurrected as avalid name for a species found in Central America and Mexico, stat. nov. Calliphora triseta sp. nov. is described fromnumerous specimens from Costa Rica, El Salvador and Mexico. Nominal species Calliphora nigra Mello, 1974 and Cal-liphora antojuanae Mariluis, 1982 are synonymized with Calliphora nigribasis Macquart, 1851, n. syn. An Appendix isprovided that clarifies the status of the names Calliphora peruviana Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Lucilia peruviana Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and Calliphora peruviana Macquart, 1851.

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So, Ping-Man, and David Dudgeon. "Phenology and diversity of necrophagous Diptera in a Hong Kong forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 6, no. 1 (February 1990): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400004077.

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ABSTRACTNecrophagous Diptera were sampled in a seasonal tropical mixed forest in Hong Kong from February 1985 to May 1986 using carrion-baited traps. Six families of flies were caught but only Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae were considered. They made up a total of 14,669 flies of 21 species in the sample. Total species abundance followed Fisher's log-series distribution. The commonest five species were calliphorids, constituting 79.44% of the total combined catch. Temperature was apparently the main factor affecting seasonality of necrophagous Diptera in Hong Kong. Fluctuations in total abundance, species richness and H' followed seasonal changes in weekly mean air temperatures.

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McDONAGH, LAURA M., and JAMIE R. STEVENS. "The molecular systematics of blowflies and screwworm flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) using 28S rRNA, COX1 and EF-1α: insights into the evolution of dipteran parasitism." Parasitology 138, no. 13 (August 26, 2011): 1760–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001089.

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SUMMARYThe Calliphoridae include some of the most economically significant myiasis-causing flies in the world – blowflies and screwworm flies – with many being notorious for their parasitism of livestock. However, despite more than 50 years of research, key taxonomic relationships within the family remain unresolved. This study utilizes nucleotide sequence data from the protein-coding genes COX1 (mitochondrial) and EF1α (nuclear), and the 28S rRNA (nuclear) gene, from 57 blowfly taxa to improve resolution of key evolutionary relationships within the family Calliphoridae. Bayesian phylogenetic inference was carried out for each single-gene data set, demonstrating significant topological difference between the three gene trees. Nevertheless, all gene trees supported a Calliphorinae-Luciliinae subfamily sister-lineage, with respect to Chrysomyinae. In addition, this study also elucidates the taxonomic and evolutionary status of several less well-studied groups, including the genus Bengalia (either within Calliphoridae or as a separate sister-family), genus Onesia (as a sister-genera to, or sub-genera within, Calliphora), genus Dyscritomyia and Lucilia bufonivora, a specialised parasite of frogs and toads. The occurrence of cross-species hybridisation within Calliphoridae is also further explored, focusing on the two economically significant species Lucilia cuprina and Lucilia sericata. In summary, this study represents the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of family Calliphoridae undertaken to date.

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Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath Z., and Ingi Agnarsson. "DNA-barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Caribbean Region." PeerJ 5 (July 25, 2017): e3516. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3516.

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Correct identification of forensically important insects, such as flies in the family Calliphoridae, is a crucial step for them to be used as evidence in legal investigations. Traditional identification based on morphology has been effective, but has some limitations when it comes to identifying immature stages of certain species. DNA-barcoding, using COI, has demonstrated potential for rapid and accurate identification of Calliphoridae, however, this gene does not reliably distinguish among some recently diverged species, raising questions about its use for delimitation of species of forensic importance. To facilitate DNA based identification of Calliphoridae in the Caribbean we developed a vouchered reference collection from across the region, and a DNA sequence database, and further added the nuclear ITS2 as a second marker to increase accuracy of identification through barcoding. We morphologically identified freshly collected specimens, did phylogenetic analyses and employed several species delimitation methods for a total of 468 individuals representing 19 described species. Our results show that combination of COI + ITS2 genes yields more accurate identification and diagnoses, and better agreement with morphological data, than the mitochondrial barcodes alone. All of our results from independent and concatenated trees and most of the species delimitation methods yield considerably higher diversity estimates than the distance based approach and morphology. Molecular data support at least 24 distinct clades within Calliphoridae in this study, recovering substantial geographic variation forLucilia eximia, Lucilia retroversa, Lucilia ricaandChloroprocta idioidea, probably indicating several cryptic species. In sum, our study demonstrates the importance of employing a second nuclear marker for barcoding analyses and species delimitation of calliphorids, and the power of molecular data in combination with a complete reference database to enable identification of taxonomically and geographically diverse insects of forensic importance.

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WHITWORTH, TERRY. "Keys to the genera and species of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of the West Indies and description of a new species of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy." Zootaxa 2663, no. 1 (November 1, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2663.1.1.

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Keys to 11 genera and 21 species of Calliphoridae found or likely to be found in the West Indies are given. Species distributions and key characters are discussed. Lucilia fayeae sp. nov. is described from numerous specimens from Dominica, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent. Calliphora maestrica Peris et al. is redescribed and the male of the species is described for the first time.

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CZEPIEL-MIL, KATARZYNA, ROBERT STRYJECKI, PIOTR LISTOS, DANUTA KOWALCZYK-PECKA, KAMIL WYDRA, and JUSTYNA SUDAK. "Succession pattern of invertebrates on an unburied corpse of a cat suffering from cancer: A case study." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 03 (2020): 6366–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6366.

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Forensic entomology frequently assists forensic medicine in legal investigations. It makes it possible to estimate the time of death when a cadaver is recovered at a relatively advanced stage of decomposition. In criminalistics practice, unburied bodies are found the most commonly, and therefore the fauna of these cadavers is the best investigated. The aim of this study was to collect a succession of insects and other invertebrates occurring on an unburied corpse. The experiment was conducted on the carcass of a cat euthanized due to an advanced cancer process. The carcass was colonized by three phyla of animals: Annelidae, Mollusca, and Arthropoda. They belonged to 7 classes and 10 orders. The most diverse were Arthropoda. They were classified into 5 classes: Insecta, Diplopoda, Malacostraca, Entognata, and Arachnida, and into 8 orders: Julida, Isopoda, Collembola, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae, and Acari. The fly species Calliphora vicina from the family Calliphoridae is of particular interest among the insects collected because it is one of the fundamental indicator species whose life cycle makes it possible to determine an approximate time of death. During the study it was noted that arthropods occurred in a certain pattern of succession, predictable in forensic entomology. The first group was Calliphora vicina (Calliphoridae, Diptera), which laid eggs. The next (second) group consisted of first-instar C. vicina larvae and insects feeding on these larvae, such as Philonthus tenuicornis (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera). The first stage of succession was the appearance of eggs of C. vicina. The second phase was the appearance of adult flies other than Calliphoridae and of accidental species, as well as beetles (e.g. Philonthus tenuicornis, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) feeding on larvae of C. vicina. The third phase of succession was the appearance of all larvae stages of C. vicina that continued and finished their life cycle.

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Moffatt, Colin. "Using Visible Implant Elastomer to tag insects across life stages: a preliminary investigation with blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 4 (March 27, 2013): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.18.

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AbstractVisible Implant Elastomer (VIE) has previously been used successfully to tag individuals in a variety of marine and amphibious animals, earthworms, and scorpions. Visible Implant Elastomer tags were injected into third instars of the blow fly Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to test its compatibility and retention across life stages. Injecting into the dorsal midline of the 11th segment (seventh abdominal segment) produced survival rates of 80%, with no significant difference in the subsequent rate of development (z = 0.21, P = 0.83) as compared with untagged insects. Tags remained visible and allowed identification of individuals within a feeding, intermingling aggregation (maggot mass), especially when a high-contrast fluorescent colour was used. Tags were retained across life-stage changes and were easily found in dissected adults.

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Meadow, Richard, John D. Vandenberg, Anthony M. Shelton, and D. Wesley Watson. "Microbial Control of Cabbage Maggot-Preliminary Screenings of Fungal Isolates, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.413.

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Abstract Adult CM were exposed to dry conidia of isolates of Beauvaria bassiana (Bb), Metarhizium anisopilae (Ma) or Paeciomyces fumosoroseus (Pf). Two B. bassiana isolates were from Cornell University (P89, L90) isolated from Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), one was from Mycoteh Corp., Butte, MT (Myc 726) originally isolated from southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpuntata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), re-isolated from a grasshopper, Melanoplus sp. (Orthoptera:Acrididae), and then re-isolated from silverleaf whitefly, Bemesia argentiflora (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The other isolates were from the USDA-ARS Collection of Entomophagous Fungal Cultures. One B. bassiana isolate, 4012, was isolated from Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). The P. fumosoroseus isolates were number 1626 from M. autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae), 1644, 1645, 1867 and 1868 from M. domestica, 1646 from Calliphora spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and 887 from unidentified Diptera. The M. anisopilae isolates were 2521 from Deois spp. (Homoptera: Cercopidae), 3540 from Gelleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and 4862 and 4865 from soil. Flies from rearings at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, were exposed to the fungi by placing 5 flies in a centrifuge tube containing conidia scraped directly from culture plates. The flies were then released into small screened plastic cages, which were placed in chambers with constant temperature of 21° C and L:D 15: 9. There were 3 replicates. Mortality was assessed after 48, 120 and 160h. Dead flies were placed in petri dishes with moistened filter paper to assess infection.

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Solano, Jaiber J., Marta Wolff, and Lyda R. Castro. "Molecular identification of Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance in Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 39, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v39i2.8251.

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Recognizing the importance of the correct identification of insects associated with deceased bodies for an effective estimation of time of death, and taking into account the incidence of flies of the family Calliphoridae in corpses and the difficulty of their taxonomic determination, we evaluated the usefulness of COI mitochondrial gene sequences as a molecular diagnostic tool for identifying forensically important calliphorids in Colombia. Sequences obtained from samples collected in different regions of Colombia and other sequences taken from Genbank were used. Based on the genetic distances calculated using the K2P model, nucleotide divergence and neighbour-joining analyses were performed. Bayesian analyses were also developed and a graphical representation of the variation of the COI fragments for each species. A total 545 pb fragments were obtained; the values of intraspecific distance when all sequenced were included, ranged between 0% and 2.904% and the interspecific distance ranged between 0.188% and 18.07%, with an overlapping distance, caused mostly by the inclusion of species with only one sequence. When we excluded species with a single sequence and L. eximia was analyzed as two subgroups, a distance gap of 2.292% was obtained, which is an optimal value for the validation of this technique. Reciprocal monophyly was observed in most species. We conclude that the COI gene is a good marker for delineating species of the family Calliphoridae in Colombia.

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Idan Kadhim, Aliaa, Saadi Muhammad Hilal, and Riyad Ali Okaily. "Effect of imipramine on structures and shapes of wings of the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera : Calliphoridae)." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 8, no. 2 (October 9, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v8.i2.9276.

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Geometric morphometric of wings was used to identify and know the variation in the size and the shape of the wings of two groups of blow fly species Calliphora vicina , one group composed of wings of adult flies resulted from larvae previously reared beef liver spiked with imipramine 25mg drug and the second group were the wings of adult flies emerged from larvae reared on untreated beef liver as a control group . The average centroid size of the left wing were 1361.15 for the treated resulted group and 1388.66 for the control group. Each groups were reared at same environmental conditions of humidity 37.16% RH and temperature 27.78 C˚ . The results showed that there were no significant differences in the average of the centroid size for the left wing for the blow fly C. vicina of the two groups , which probably means that the specimens of the treated group did not affected by the given drug- treated ( imipramine – treated ) diet .

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Kosmann, Cecília, Rubens Pinto de Mello, Érica Sevilha Harterreiten-Souza, and José Roberto Pujol-Luz. "A List of Current Valid Blow Fly Names (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Americas South of Mexico with Key to the Brazilian Species." EntomoBrasilis 6, no. 1 (April 14, 2013): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i1.266.

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The calliphorids flies comprise a heterogenous family found in all zoogeographical regions, with over 1,000 species and 150 genera described. The blow flies have a great medical and veterinary importance, and can be use in forensic science, especially in order to estimate the postmortem interval. Despite its wide distribution and importance, the group presents many taxonomic problems, and many conflicting records regarding the number of species in the Neotropical Region. In this paper, we list all species of Calliphoridae found in the Americas south of Mexico, based on reports in the literature between the years 1960 and 2012. There are 29 genera and 99 species recognized distributed in seven subfamilies: Calliphorinae (three genera and eight species), Chrysomyinae (seven genera and 28 species), Luciliinae (one genus and 17 species), Mesembrinellinae (nine genera and 33 species), Polleniinae (one genus and one species), Rhiniinae (one genus and one species), and Toxotarsinae (seven genera and 11 species). An identification key for the species that occur in Brazil is presented. Lista Atualizada de Nomes Válidos de Moscas-Varejeiras (Diptera: Calliphoridae) das Américas ao Sul do México, com uma Chave para as Espécies que Ocorrem no Brasil Resumo. Os califorídeos constituem uma família heterogênea encontrada em todas as regiões zoogeográficas, com mais de 1.000 espécies e 150 gêneros. As moscas-varejeiras possuem grande importância médica e veterinária, e podem ainda ser utilizadas nas ciências forenses, principalmente para estimar o intervalo pós-morte. Apesar da sua vasta distribuição e importância, o grupo apresenta muitos problemas taxonômicos e diversos registros conflitantes no tocante ao número de espécies presentes na região Neotropical. Neste artigo nós listamos todas as espécies de Calliphoridae encontradas nas Américas ao sul do México, baseadas em registros na literatura entre os anos de 1960 e 2012. Existem 29 gêneros e 99 espécies reconhecidas e distribuídas em sete subfamílias: Calliphorinae (três gêneros e oito espécies), Chrysomyinae (sete gêneros e 28 espécies), Luciliinae (um gênero e 17 espécies), Mesembrinellinae (nove gêneros e 33 espécies), Polleniinae (um gênero e uma espécie), Rhiniinae (um gênero e uma espécie) e Toxotarsinae (sete gêneros e 11 espécies). Uma chave de identificação para as espécies que ocorrem no Brasil é apresentada.

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Langer, Sarah V., Christopher J. Kyle, Mike Illes, Scott Larkin, and David V. Beresford. "Urban and Rural Spatial Delineations in Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Across Canada: Implications for Forensic Entomology." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz047.

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Abstract Blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae are commonly used in forensic cases to determine postmortem intervals using development rates and successional changes in community composition. Studies are conducted from different regions to provide these data. We wanted to know how widely applicable these data are. We examined whether urbanized landscapes have distinct urban blow fly communities or whether the community composition in urbanized areas is simply a variation of that found in the surrounding habitat or ecozone. Using liver baited traps, we sampled 7,272 flies from 32 sites across Canada and used mapping analysis to assess urban and rural landcover classifications, and compared urban and rural species abundance and composition. Blow fly species communities from urban areas across Canada were made up of similar species and differed from the communities found in nearby rural sites. Trapping at rural sites caught more blow flies compared with urban sites (mean flies/site 59.5 and 12.4). Of the 14 species caught, 8 were caught at urban sites, 61% of these being Cynomya cadaverina Robineau-Desvoidy, 14% Phormia regina Meigen, and 11% Lucilia sericata (Meigen). In rural sites, all 14 species were caught, 41% of specimens caught were P. regina, 21% C. cadaverina, 10% Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), with only 4% L. sericata. These data suggest that regional studies are appropriate for forensic entomology applications in urban landscapes, given the similar trends across Canada, less so for wilderness or rural landscapes.

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Hodecek, Jiri, and Pavel Jakubec. "Spatio-temporal distribution and habitat preference of necrophagous Calliphoridae based on 160 real cases from Switzerland." International Journal of Legal Medicine 136, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02769-8.

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AbstractNecrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are of great importance particularly during investigations of suspicious deaths. Many studies have analyzed the distribution of blowflies based on pig experiments and baited trapping; however, data from real case scenarios are rarely used. In this article, the distribution of blowflies found during investigations of 160 real cases during 1993–2007 in Switzerland is evaluated based on habitat, altitude, and season. Ten species of blowflies were present in 145 out of the 160 cases. The most common species was Calliphora vicina, which occurs throughout the year and was present in 69 % of all cases. Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria, and L. caesar were identified among the rest of the flies as species of great forensic importance mainly due to their distributional patterns. After a comparison with a similar dataset from Frankfurt, Germany, some surprising differences were determined and discussed. The biggest discrepancies between our dataset and the German dataset were in the occurrences of L. sericata (30 % vs. 86 %, respectively), Phormia regina (5 % vs. 43 %), and L. ampullacea (1 % vs. 45 %). The life-history strategies and intraspecific behavioral variability of blowflies remain understudied, although they can be essential for an unbiased approach during a death investigation. Further research and comparison of occurrence patterns across the area of distribution of blowflies are therefore needed and recommended.

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Yakovlev, A. Yu, A. A. Kruglikova, and S. I. Chernysh. "Calliphoridae Flies in Medical Biotechnology." Entomological Review 99, no. 3 (June 2019): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873819030023.

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Rivers, David B., Claire Hammerschmidt, Alexandra Carrigan, and Kayleen Melvin. "Retention of Human Body Fluids in Adults of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 4 (March 6, 2021): 1663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab029.

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Abstract Foraging by Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy often leads to a period of bubbling behavior, followed by either deposition of the regurgitate onto surfaces or reuptake of the bubble. Eventually, the partially or undigested food is passed in the excreta forming fecal or defecatory stains on surfaces in which deposition occurs. This study examined the digestive artifacts (i.e., regurgitate and defecatory stains) formed following consumption of human blood and semen by adult flies in an attempt to determine the length of time the meal was retained in the crop. The morphological appearance of either type of stain appeared consistent with the color of blood or semen for 10–20 d after feeding. When tested with ABA Hematrace immunochromatographic strip assays, blood was detectable in at least 33% of fly artifacts 25 d after the initial consumption of blood. Similarly, semen was detected in nearly 34% of digestive artifacts 30 d after feeding on human semen when using ABA p30 cards. Human body fluids were also detected in fly artifacts when using RSID lateral flow assays, but a much lower percentage of artifacts tested positive for blood (4.9%) and semen (4.6%) 25-d postfeeding in comparison to ABA strip assays. The difference between the types of lateral flow assays appeared to be due to extraction efficiencies of the buffers used for isolation of blood or semen from the fly artifacts. The implications of these observations in reference to seasonal adaptations and to bloodstain pattern analysis at crime scenes are discussed.

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Babcock, Nicholas J., Jennifer L. Pechal, and M. Eric Benbow. "Adult Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Community Structure Across Urban–Rural Landscapes in Michigan, United States." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 3 (December 27, 2019): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz246.

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Abstract Necrophagous insects play an important role in the decomposition of vertebrate carrion. The documented colonization, development, and succession of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and other arthropods on decomposing carcasses make their communities relevant for use in decomposition ecology and forensic investigations. This relevance relies on the local pool of species available to colonize a carcass, but such community level survey data are not always available. The objective of this research was to conduct a baseline survey of adult Calliphoridae communities from urban–rural land use types in the Great Lakes region. To test how adult blow fly distribution varies with changing landscape in Mid-Michigan, sampling with baited jars and hanging traps was implemented over the summer months of June, July, and August 2017. To determine how blow fly communities differed in urban to rural land cover, seven cities were selected with site locations ranging from high intensity developed areas to cultivated crop fields. Over 97,000 individual flies were captured represented by 11 Calliphoridae species. The adult Calliphoridae communities were primarily structured by land use type and month of collection, with these two factors interacting, suggesting that the effect of location varied by time of year. The two most abundant species, Phormia regina (Meigen) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen), cumulatively comprised 88.5% adult flies from Mid-Michigan. These findings provide a baseline database of Great Lakes Calliphoridae, with potential use in forensic research and casework.

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Hans, Krystal R., and Sherah L. Vanlaerhoven. "Impact of Comingled Heterospecific Assemblages on Developmentally Based Estimates of the Post-Mortem Interval—A Study with Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Phormia regina (Meigen) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Insects 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040280.

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Estimates of the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using the development rate of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are common in modern forensic entomology casework. These estimates are based on single species developing in the absence of heterospecific interactions. Yet, in real-world situations, it is not uncommon to have 2 or more blow fly species developing on a body. Species interactions have the potential to change the acceptance of resources as suitable for oviposition, the timing of oviposition, growth rate, size and development time of immature stages, as well as impacting the survival of immature stages to reach adult. This study measured larval development and growth rate of the blow flies Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) over five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C), in the presence of conspecifics or two-species heterospecific assemblages. Temperature and species treatment interacted such that L. sericata larvae gained mass more rapidly when in the presence of P. regina at 20 and 30 °C, however only developed faster at first instar. At later stages, the presence of P. regina slowed development of L. sericata immatures. Development time of C. vicina immatures was not affected by the presence of P. regina, however larvae gained mass more slowly. Development time of P. regina immatures was faster in the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina until third instar, at which point, the presence of L. sericata was neutral whereas C. vicina negatively impacted development time. Phormia regina larvae gained mass more rapidly in the presence of L. sericata at 20 °C but were negatively impacted at 25 °C by the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina. The results of this study indicate that metrics such as development time or larval mass used for estimating mPMI with blow flies are impacted by the presence of comingled heterospecific blow fly assemblages. As the effects of heterospecific assemblages are not uniformly positive or negative between stages, temperatures or species combinations, more research into these effects is vital. Until then, caution should be used when estimating mPMI in cases with multiple blow fly species interacting on a body.

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Marinho, C. R., L. S. Barbosa, A. C. G. Azevedo, M. M. C. Queiroz, M. A. Valgode, and V. M. Aguiar-Coelho. "Diversity of Calliphoridae (Diptera) in Brazil's Tinguá Biological Reserve." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 1a (February 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000100012.

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The Calliphoridae are flies of great ecological, medical and sanitary importance because they are decom-posers of organic matter, mechanical vectors of pathogenic agents, and causers of myiasis. This paper attempts to ascertain the diversity of Calliphoridae in the Tinguá Biological Reserve and correlate meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity of the air, and precipitation) with the occurrence of these flies. The study was conducted at a site in the Tinguá Biological Reserve, located in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four traps were set up using chicken viscera as bait. The experiment was conducted over the period of May 2001 to April 2002, with two monthly collections. The captured flies were killed with ether and conserved in 70% alcohol and identified in the Laboratory of Diptera Studies (UNIRIO) and the Laboratory of Vector Insect Biology and Control (FIOCRUZ), both headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. A total of 1,987 insects were captured, 37.5% belonging to the family Calliphoridae, 29.4% to Muscidae, 16.0% to Sarcophagidae, and 17.1% to other families. The most representative species found was Phaenicia eximia (47.0%), followed by Hemilucilia semidiaphana (23.6%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (13.7%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (7.5%), Chloroprocta idioidea (4.9%), Chrysomya albiceps (1.2%), Chrysomya megacephala (0.9%), Phaenicia sericata (0.6%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0.5%), and Chrysomya putoria (0.1%). Large numbers of Calliphoridae were noted in May, June, September and January, coinciding with low rainfall and an average temperature of 21.8 to 27.0 °C. A negative correlation was found between the number of Calliphoridae captured and meteorological factors.

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Batista-da-Silva, José Antonio, Gonzalo Efrain Moya-Borja, and Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz. "Ocorrência e Sazonalidade de Muscóides (Diptera, Calliphoridae) de Importância Sanitária no Município de Itaboraí, RJ, Brasil." EntomoBrasilis 3, no. 1 (April 21, 2010): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v3i1.69.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir com o conhecimento da entomofauna de Calliphoridae (Diptera) no município de Itaboraí, RJ, Brasil e quantificar as espécies mais predominantes de importância sanitária. As moscas foram capturadas em oito diferentes pontos no período de um ano, usando sempre isca de peixe. Após triagem, as espécies foram separadas por espécie e inseridas na coleção entomológica do Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmaniose (Setor de Entomologia Médica e Forense) do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ. Foram capturadas 1792 moscas pertencentes a sete (7) espécies da família Calliphoridae: Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy) (0,11%), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (87,94%), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (6,70%), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (1,23%), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (0,56%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (0,33%), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) (3,13%). Occurrence and seasonality of muscoid (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of public health importance in Itaboraí (RJ), Brazil Abstract. This work was carried out to contribute to the knowledge of Calliphoridae flies (Diptera) in Itaboraí, RJ, Brazil and quantify the predominant species of health importance. The flies were captured in eight different points in the city over a one year period, always using fish as bait, separated by species and kept properly in an entomological box in the Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmaniose (Setor de Entomologia Médica e Forense) - IOC / FIOCRUZ, RJ. A total of 1792 Calliphoridae flies were captured, belonging to seven (7) species: Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy) (0.11%), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (87.94%), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (6.70%), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (1.23%), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (0.56%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (0.33%), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) (3.13%).

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Rivers, David B., Brendan Dunphy, Claire Hammerschmidt, and Alexandra Carrigan. "Characterization of Insect Stains Deposited by Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on Shirt Fabrics." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa052.

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Abstract Despite the fact that necrophagous flies are known to alter bloodstains and create unique artifacts, no research has occurred to date that has examined the characteristics of insect stains on textiles or fabrics. This study represents the first effort to characterize artifacts produced by adult Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy deposited on a range of shirt fabrics that varied in type, color, orientation, and yarn tension. In general, artifact morphology on any type of fabric was distorted in comparison to those observed on smooth and/or nonporous surfaces in previous studies. Consequently, distinction of artifact type could only be made broadly as digestive artifacts and transfer patterns, in which the latter was predominantly detected as tarsal tracks. None of the artifacts displayed satellite stains typical of human bloodstains found on textiles. Wicking was evident on all fabrics but was most pronounced with dri wick and jersey knit polyester in comparison to cotton knit. Digestive artifacts on any colored fabric, but especially with green and yellow shirt samples, resembled the reported color, size, and morphology of bloodstains generated in laboratory studies on a range of fabrics. Unique digestive artifacts were also detected as small, black, and nearly spherical. These defecatory stains did not appear to wet or wick into any of the fabrics. Digestive artifacts and tarsal tracks differentially interacted with front face stitch loops of clothing fabrics to yield distinct stain patterns. The implications of these observations in reference to bloodstain pattern analysis at crime scenes are discussed.

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Yun, Ji-Eun, Gi-Cheol Kang, and Chung-Gyoo Park. "Biodegradation of Abandoned Livestock by Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Korean journal of applied entomology 47, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5656/ksae.2008.47.2.185.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Calliphorid flies'

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