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1
Ramirez, Pablo A. "The Woman of Tomorrow." Nineteenth-Century Literature 74, no. 4 (March 2020): 502–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2020.74.4.502.
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Pablo A. Ramirez, “The Woman of Tomorrow: Gertrude Atherton and the Latina Foremother of the Californian New Woman” (pp. 502–534) Throughout the 1890s, Gertrude Atherton employs the figure of the aristocratic Californiana (Mexican Californian woman) to extend classical liberalism’s economic model of individualism to include women. By joining the aristocratic Californiana with American liberalism, Atherton transforms California’s history of capitalist development into a romance in which the creation of new markets generates not only profits, but the New Woman as well. In Atherton’s stories of Alta California, which I call “tales of romantic liberalism,” the history and evolution of California and the New Woman is narrated through the promises (or contracts) that a Californiana character makes and the obligations she accepts or rejects. The Californiana in The Doomswoman (1893) and Before the Gringo Came (1894) becomes the foundation for the New Woman, whose personal development and advancement promises to perfect liberal capitalism through her consensual romantic unions. As the decade drew to a close and the war with Spain became imminent, however, one can see in Atherton’s The Californians (1898) her growing fear that the massification of politics and culture imperiled not only liberal capitalism and democracy, but the evolution of women’s individuality as well. As a result, the evolution of the Californiana character is no longer reliant on a union with a capitalist contractarian partner but on the reaffirmation of her aristocratic individualism. Through her Californiana heroines, Atherton engages the Californio past in order to imagine the evolution of women’s individuality as the United States undergoes a shift from classical liberalism to modern liberalism and from republic to overseas empire.
2
Waldie, D. J. "What Does It Mean to Become Californian?" Boom 6, no. 4 (2016): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.4.92.
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The habits of 19th century Californians framed what becoming Californian would mean. Bitterly for Californians today, those habits did not come with a moral compass. The California Dream had been limitless in its promise of health, wealth, and happiness in the sunshine. Today’s Californians dream differently. As California becomes less exceptional, how will we describe California when it’s not exactly “Californian” anymore? The insights of critical regionalism and Foucault’s notion of “a particular, local, regional knowledge” may provide a guide.
3
Ziser, Michael. "The Wilderness Paradox." Boom 1, no. 2 (2011): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2011.1.2.88.
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This is a review essay covering three recent books related to Native Californian agroecological practices: M. Kat Anderson, Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California’s Natural Resources (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005); Ira Jacknis, Food in California Indian Culture (Berkeley: Phoebe Hearst Museum Press, 2004); and Kent G. Lightfoot and Otis Parrish, California Indians and Their Environment: An Introduction (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).
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Starr, Kevin. "A Boom Interview." Boom 6, no. 4 (2016): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.4.28.
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An interview with California’s unofficial state historian, exploring Starr’s rationale for his work, along with his understanding of the nature of California values, and what it means to be a Californian. From here to Starr’s recent book, Continental Ambitions, and the many figures and features that have influenced Starr’s understanding of California, this interview moves forward in Starr’s characteristic polymathic style, covering encyclopedic terrain. Additionally, it explores the role that religion and especially Roman Catholicism have played in California’s narrative, and in Starr’s own understanding of California and its place in the world.
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Rivera-Pitt, Dinna. "Behind the Legend of Miguel Leonis." California History 93, no. 4 (2016): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2016.93.4.4.
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Californios, the Spanish-speaking natives and landed gentry of early California, perceived themselves as victims of Anglo-American repression after California's annexation in 1848. In Los Angeles, particularly between 1865 and 1890, the deterioration of the Californio families and their ultimate loss of land and status form a poignant narrative in the social history of the state. The three recognized racial designations that dominated the period were Mexican, Anglo, and Native Indian, but more recent studies reveal that the construction of Los Angeles' cultural and political identity during the 1800s also included other ethnic groups. However, the contributions and impact of prominent French Basques on the growth of Los Angeles are often excluded from the historiography. Remarkably, in the San Fernando Valley, wealthy French Basque rancheros lived as Californios and altered the established Californio profile. Unique among them was Miguel Leonis, a wealthy rancho owner who successfully existed as both a landed Californio and an Anglo encroacher.
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Ross, Travis E. "Continuity in Any Language." Southern California Quarterly 96, no. 2 (2014): 141–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2014.96.2.141.
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This article analyzes the memories of pre-1848 Alta California recounted in the 1870s to Hubert Howe Bancroft’s agent Thomas Savage by a multiethnic group of men and women. The narrators, regardless of ethnic origin, overwhelmingly told stories that insisted on continuity between Alta California in the 1830s and 1840s and the US state birthed in the late 1840s. Even if they had been on opposing sides of political upheavals, they all insisted that their altruistic efforts had helped to transition California peacefully from Mexican rule to home rule and from home rule to US control while preserving both California’s people and California’s culture. This multicultural memory of continuity was later supplanted by rupture-based Anglo Californian creation myths.
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Gioia, Dana. "A Boom Interview with California’s Poet Laureate." Boom 6, no. 4 (2016): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.4.70.
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Dana Gioia provides his accounting of his work as California’s tenth Poet Laureate. Originally delivered to the California Senate Rules Committee, this interview accounts for Gioia’s understanding of how poetry and the arts can connect with ordinary Californians in collaborative ways. Additionally, Gioia’s poem, “A California Requiem,” accompanies the interview.
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Lorentzen, Lois Ann. "Golden State of Grace?" Boom 5, no. 4 (2015): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.4.20.
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Non-Californians rarely refer to the Golden State as a sacred place or religious landscape. Yet, California fascinates, in part, due to its religious extravagance–think Jim Jones, Heavens Gate, the Crystal Cathedral, Harold Camping’s predicted end of the world, the Grateful Dead. Everything is here, and then some. This essay looks at California as an epicenter of religious expression and a global microcosm for hybrid religions, new religions, and experimental religious practices. The essay analyzes migration, the California/Mexico border, genders/sexualities, race/ethnicity, commercialization, embodiment/disembodiment, and the natural world as lenses on California’s religious landscape.
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Bladow, Kyle. "Milking It." Gastronomica 15, no. 3 (2015): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2015.15.3.9.
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Images of Califia, a fictional queen and the namesake of California, serve as the focus for this inquiry into the influence of pastoral imaginaries on the production of dairy and nondairy milk, especially almond milk. With effectively all US almond production occurring in California, almond milk is a uniquely Californian product. Milk, in both its traditional dairy and newer nondairy varieties, offers a rich aesthetic as well as agricultural history. These pastoral trends emphasize the vision of a tamed, benevolent nature and the faith in technological innovation to resolve agricultural struggles. From the establishment and expansion of dairy farms and almond groves, to recent dairying and drought crises, consumers have associated milk with the bounty of California's land and the skill and dedication of its farmers, a sentiment also apparent in depictions of Califia in California murals and in the packaging of Califia Farms almond milk.
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Pratt, Teresa, and Annette D'Onofrio. "Jaw setting and the California Vowel Shift in parodic performance." Language in Society 46, no. 3 (May 3, 2017): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404517000227.
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AbstractThis article explores the intertwining semiotics of language and embodiment in performances of Californian personae. We analyze two actors’ performances of Californian characters in parodic skits, comparing them to the same actors’ performances of non-Californian characters. In portraying their Californian characters, the actors use particularized jaw settings, which we link toembodied stereotypesfrom earlier portrayals of the Valley Girl and Surfer Dude personae. Acoustic analysis demonstrates that both actors also produce features of the California Vowel Shift in their Californian performances, aligning their linguistic productions with sound changes documented in California. We argue that these embodied stereotypes and phonetic realizations not only co-occur in parodic styles, but are in fact semiotically and corporeally intertwined, one occasioning the other. Moreover, the performances participate in the broader process ofenregisterment, packaging these semiotic resources with other linguistic and extralinguistic features to recontextualize Californian personae in the present day. (Parody, performance, California, California Vowel Shift, embodiment, embodied stereotype, enregisterment)*
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Constantine, Norman A., Carmen R. Nevarez, Michael Miller, and Paula Hamilton. "Statewide Policy Advocacy Intervention in California." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i3.1953.
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California has made substantial progress since 1991 in reducing its teen birth rate, and its rate reduction now leads the nation. Yet more than 50,000 Californian teens continue to give birth each year, and many more became pregnant. And due to changing demographics and the recent reversal in the last decade’s poverty rate declines, California’s improvements are at risk. The No Time for Complacency (NTFC) initiative is a policy advocacy intervention designed to promote effective statewide teen pregnancy prevention policy and funding in California. This initiative employs legislative-district data analysis to provide a politically compelling organization of teen birth data, cost analyses to heighten the societal relevance of teen births, policy analysis to identify promising and effective state policies, and media advocacy to focus attention on these issues in all regions of the state. The process and results described show how it was possible to achieve impacts on state-level health policy and program funding.
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TURNER, THOMAS L. "The order Tethyida (Porifera) in California: taxonomy, systematics, and the first member of the family Hemiasterellidae in the Eastern Pacific." Zootaxa 4861, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4861.2.3.
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Sponges (phylum Porifera) are ubiquitous inhabitants of marine ecosystems and have been shown to provide substantial ecosystem services. Despite this ecological importance, the sponge fauna in California has received little study. Here I use a collection of kelp forest sponges to describe the diversity of the order Tethyida in California. This order contains the genus Tethya, which has been included in long-term ecological monitoring projects. I show that Tethya vacua is a junior synonym of Tethya californiana, and thus all Tethya populations known in California belong to a single species. Genetic data from California's only Timeidae, Timea authia, indicate that this species is in fact in the Tethyidae and is the third known member of the genus Tethytimea. I also describe the first member of the family Hemiasterellidae from the Eastern Pacific, Galaxia gaviotensis gen. nov. sp. nov. By combining field photographs, morphological taxonomy, and phylogenetic analysis of these samples, this work will facilitate future efforts to understand the evolution of this order and the ecological role of sponges in the California kelp forest.
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HERNÁNDEZ-PAYÁN, J. C., and M. E. HENDRICKX. "The genus Boreomysis G.O. Sars, 1869 (Peracarida, Mysida, Mysidae) in western Mexico." Zootaxa 5418, no. 5 (March 4, 2024): 501–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5418.5.4.
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Two species of the genus Boreomysis, B. arctica (Krøyer, 1861) and B. californica Ortmann, 1894, were collected in western Mexico. In the eastern Pacific, Boreomysis arctica had previously been recorded from the Bering Sea to southern California. New records in Mexico extend its southernmost distribution limit to 17°25’33” N, off SW Mexico, including samples collected off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula and the Gulf of California (25 specimens in 12 samples). In the eastern Pacific, B. californica has been reported from Alaska to Peru, with its type locality in the Central Gulf of California. During this study, it was by far the most frequently species collected (343 specimens in 58 samples) off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula in the Gulf of California, and off SW Mexico (south to 16°58’00” N).
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Chytry, Josef. "Cosmic California." California History 100, no. 4 (2023): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2023.100.4.48.
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One of the more controversial themes in contemporary readings of race is the Mexican author José Vasconcelos’s 1925 call for a “cosmic race” (raza cósmica) to transcend all prior races in the course of the inauguration of an “aesthetic era” (era estética) in human evolution. Although his language was later picked up by Chicano celebrants of La Raza and has received a variety of endorsements and critiques within the burgeoning literature comprising Latino/a critical race theory (CRT), no suggestion that contemporary California civilization may be the most compelling candidate for Vasconcelos’s project has yet been essayed. Carefully analyzing Vasconcelos’s arguments, this article exposes important shortcomings in his brief on behalf of a future Latin American race, clarifying the failure of his political efforts to redirect Mexican revolutionary politics in the 1920s and exposing the bankruptcy of his later flirtations with fascism. The article takes up the most promising feature of Vasconcelos’s arguments, namely his advocacy of a mingling of all races (mestizaje), to sponsor contemporary California as containing key features of that particular vision. To locate this Californian alternative, the article highlights the relevance of Oaxaca for its role in the origins and development of California’s naming and its overall myth. It explicates the importance of that role through the larger history of Mesoamerican civilizations and the primary importance for that history of the culture hero Quetzalcóatl.
15
Kim, Ji Young, and Nicole Wong. "(Divergent) Participation in the California Vowel Shift by Korean Americans in Southern California." Languages 5, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040053.
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This study investigates the participation in the California Vowel Shift by Korean Americans in Los Angeles. Five groups of subjects participated in a picture narrative task: first-, 1.5-, and second-generation Korean Americans, Anglo-Californians, and (non-immigrant) Korean late learners of English. Results showed a clear distinction between early vs. late bilinguals; while the first-generation Korean Americans and the late learners showed apparent signs of Korean influence, the 1.5- and the second-generation Korean Americans participated in most patterns of the California Vowel Shift. However, divergence from the Anglo-Californians was observed in early bilinguals’ speech. Similar to the late bilinguals, the 1.5-generation speakers did not systematically distinguish prenasal and non-prenasal /æ/. The second-generation speakers demonstrated a split-/æ/ system, but it was less pronounced than for the Anglo-Californians. These findings suggest that age of arrival has a strong effect on immigrant minority speakers’ participation in local sound change. In the case of the second-generation Korean Americans, certain patterns of the California Vowel Shift were even more pronounced than for the Anglo-Californians (i.e., /ɪ/-lowering, /ɑ/-/ɔ/ merger, /ʊ/- and /ʌ/-fronting). Moreover, the entire vowel space of the second-generation Korean Americans, especially female speakers, was more fronted than that of the Anglo-Californians. These findings suggest that second-generation Korean Americans may be in a more advanced stage of the California Vowel Shift than Anglo-Californians or the California Vowel Shift is on a different trajectory for these speakers. Possible explanations in relation to second-generation Korean Americans’ intersecting gender, ethnic, and racial identities, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Yost, Jennifer M., Sascha L. Wise, Natalie L. R. Love, Dorothy A. Steane, Rebecca C. Jones, Matt K. Ritter, and Brad M. Potts. "Origins, Diversity and Naturalization of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) in California." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081129.
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Eucalyptus globulus is native to southeastern Australia, including the island of Tasmania, but is one of the most widely grown hardwood forestry species in the world and is naturalized on several continents. We studied its naturalization in California, where the species has been planted for over 150 years. We sampled 70 E. globulus trees from 53 locations spanning the entire range of the species in California to quantify the genetic variation present and test whether particular genotypes or native origin affect variation in naturalization among locations. Diversity and native affinities were determined based on six nuclear microsatellite markers and sequences from a highly variable chloroplast DNA region (JLA+). The likely native origin was determined by DNA-based comparison with a range-wide native stand collection. Most of California’s E. globulus originated from eastern Tasmania. Genetic diversity in California is greatly reduced compared with that of the native Australian population, with a single chloroplast haplotype occurring in 66% of the Californian samples. Throughout California, the degree of E. globulus naturalization varies widely but was not associated with genotype or native origin of the trees, arguing that factors such as local climate and disturbance are more important than pre-introduction evolutionary history.
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LEI, DAPHNE. "The Production and Consumption of Chinese Theatre in Nineteenth-Century California." Theatre Research International 28, no. 3 (October 2003): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883303001147.
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The history of the earliest documented Chinese opera performances in California (1852) and their successors during the following decades reveal how Chinese theatre in the diaspora was produced and consumed by Chinese immigrants, European visitors and Americans. On the one hand, a familiar repertoire eased the nostalgia and reinforced the national consciousness of Chinese immigrants, while on the other, the ethnocentric reading and writing of Chinese theatre helped establish an eternal frontier in the ‘old West’ to protect American national identity in late nineteenth-century California's periods of economic and political turmoil. Finally, the exoticism of California's Chinese theatre in America contributed to a European sense of American cultural uniqueness. Chinese opera performances played a crucial role in the invention of Californian identity.
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Ghanimi, Hessam, Jeffrey H. R. Goddard, Anton Chichvarkhin, Terrence M. Gosliner, Dae-Wui Jung, and Ángel Valdés. "An integrative approach to the systematics of the Berthella californica species complex (Heterobranchia: Pleurobranchidae)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 86, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyaa001.
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Abstract Berthella californica (W. H. Dall, 1900) is a widespread species of heterobranch sea slug distributed across the North Pacific Ocean, from Korea and Japan to the Galapagos Islands. Two distinct morphotypes are observed in B. californica, which differ in external coloration, egg-mass morphology and geographic distribution (with the exception of a small range overlap in Southern California). Molecular and morphological data obtained in this study reveals that these two morphotypes constitute distinct species. The name B. californica (type locality: San Pedro, California) is retained for the southern morphotype, whereas the name Berthella chacei (J. Q. Burch, 1944) (type locality: Crescent City, California) is resurrected for the northern morphotype. Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered B. californica as sister to Berthellina, in a well-supported clade separate from Berthella, suggesting that the classification of B. californica may need additional revision.
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Saul, L. R., and R. L. Squires. "Added nerineoid gastropod evidence for a warm Turonian sea in southern California." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 2 (March 2002): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000041767.
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Nerineoids, so typical of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous in Europe, are usually rare and lacking in diversity in North America north of Mexico. This is especially true of the Pacific slope faunas. Only three species of nerineoid gastropods have previously been reported from the Cretaceous of California (Saul and Squires, 1998). The oldest of these species, Aphanoptyxis andersoni Saul and Squires, 1998, is from the Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) in northern California. The other two species are Late Cretaceous (Turonian): Aphanoptyxis californica Saul and Squires, 1998, is from northern California, and Nerinella santana Saul and Squires, 1998, is from a locality and strata in southern California near the occurrence of Nerinella califae n. sp. The description of N. califae n. sp. gives California the greatest diversity of Turonian northeastern Pacific slope nerineoids, namely, Aphanoptyxis californica and two species of Nerinella. These Turonian nerineoids are also, thus far, the geologically youngest North American Pacific slope nerineoids.
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Brandt, Maria C., and Diane M. T. North. "A Selected Catalogue of World War I Memorials and Cemeteries Honoring Californians." California History 97, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 162–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.3.162.
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Organized alphabetically by city name, the selected catalog describes more than one hundred California memorials dedicated to women and men who served and died during World War I. Memorials include flagpoles, fountains, statues, sculptures, plaques, Veterans’ Buildings, groves of trees, roads, and bridges. It also includes a preliminary record of seventeen U.S. cemeteries where California's World War I soldiers are buried and nineteen European monuments and cemeteries honoring Californians.
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Robinson, Rebecca. "Reading Kevin Starr." Boom 3, no. 4 (2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2013.3.4.73.
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The author—a young California writer—reflects on historian Kevin Starr’s multi-volume history of California and the California dream. While the California dream is tarnished and its survival is questioned in the final volume of Starr’s opus, Robinson suggests that the future of the dream may yet be redeemed by pragmatic young Californians under no illusions about its limits.
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GARCIA-MORO, CLARA, D. I. TOJA, and PHILLIP L. WALKER. "MARRIAGE PATTERNS OF CALIFORNIA'S EARLY SPANISH-MEXICAN COLONISTS (1742–1876)." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 2 (April 1997): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932097002058.
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Marriage patterns of California's eighteenth and nineteenth century Spanish-Mexican families are analysed using data from genealogies and mission records. A shortage of women among the military based colonists led to an unusual marriage pattern with a large age differential between husbands and wives. The average age at marriage was 18·4 years for women and 28·4 years for men. Spatial mobility was high for both sexes, particularly for men. More husbands than wives were born in Mexico. The Monterey presidial district of central California was the birthplace of a disproportionate number of husbands and the southern California districts were a source of wives. The transition between a founding population predominantly composed of Mexican immigrants and a population of native-born Californians occurred at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
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Rhode, David. "Early Holocene Juniper Woodland and Chaparral Taxa in the Central Baja California Peninsula, Mexico." Quaternary Research 57, no. 1 (January 2002): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2287.
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AbstractA packrat midden located in the Sierra San Francisco, Baja California Sur, Mexico, dating to ca. 10,200 14C yr B.P., contains remains of California juniper (Juniperus californica) and other taxa now associated with southern California chaparral. California juniper does not occur in the Sierra San Francisco today, although “relict” populations of a few chaparral taxa still occur at higher elevations. This midden record documents the early Holocene occurrence of Baja California coniferous woodland and chaparral vegetation far south of its present distribution or its previously known extent from other fossil records. Based on modern climatic tolerances of California juniper and other taxa, central Baja California experienced a mild Mediterranean-type climate at least 5°–6°C cooler than the climate of today, with at least twice the winter precipitation the region now receives.
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Purcell, A. H., and S. R. Saunders. "Fate of Pierce's Disease Strains of Xylella fastidiosa in Common Riparian Plants in California." Plant Disease 83, no. 9 (September 1999): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.825.
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The fate of strains of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa that cause Pierce's disease of grapevines was investigated in 33 species of mostly perennial plants common in riparian habitats in northern coastal California grape-growing regions. Plants were inoculated in the field with needle puncture using cultured cells of X. fastidiosa as inoculum or inoculated in the laboratory with infective insect vectors (Graphocephala atropunctata). Populations of X. fastidiosa were highest in most plant species within 3 to 6 weeks of inoculation, followed by declines in populations of viable bacteria over the next 3 to 4 months. Homogenates of petioles of California black walnut (Juglans hindsii) and coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica) inhibited in vitro growth of X. fas-tidiosa, precluding culture of the bacterium from these plants. Big leaf maple (Acer macrophyl-lum), California buckeye (Aesculus californica), California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), French broom (Genista monspessulanus), periwinkle (Vinca major), valley oak (Quercus lobata), and the grape root-stock Vitis rupestris supported systemic populations of X. fastidiosa that survived throughout the year outdoors in Napa Valley, California.
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Bentz, Linda, and Todd J. Braje. "Chinese Abalone Merchants and Fishermen in Nineteenth-Century Santa Barbara, California." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 88–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341368.
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Abstract Shortly after the California Gold Rush, the first commercial abalone fishery sprang to life along the central and southern Californian coast, an industry founded and developed by Chinese immigrants. By shipping dried black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) to Chinese communities in the American West, and exporting the product to a ready market in China, Chinese merchants assembled an elaborate trade network that reached from Santa Barbara, California, to China. Here, we offer the first synthesis of archaeological and historical data that describes the elements of Chinese export activities interpreted through a trading diaspora framework. Our results reveal details about an international trade network supported by the formation of self-governing business associations, relationships with trading partners, and interactions with European Americans. This study fills a critical gap in our understanding of the broader context of California’s historical fisheries and contextualizes the strategies of Chinese merchants who took advantage of new opportunities presented by a changing Pacific economy.
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Robinson, Forrest G. "CALIFORNIA LEGACIES: James D. Houston, Californian." California History 87, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 6–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25763064.
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Powell, Charles, and David Berschauer. "Crossata (Gastropoda: Bursidae) in the eastern Pacific: A morphologic and paleontologic perspective." Festivus 49, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54173/f493179.
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An examination of numerous specimens of the bursid genus Crossata, found in museum and private collections, lead us to conclude that C. californica (Hinds, 1843) and C. ventricosa (Broderip, 1833) are separate species, geographically isolated from one another and are morphologically distinct. This differs from the current widely held view that they represent a single, wide ranging and extremely variable species occurring from southern California to Chile. Crossata californica ranges from southern California to Baja California, with an isolated relic population in the Gulfo de California. Crossata ventricosa which appears to be a species complex, ranges from southern Ecuador through Peru, and rarely into northern Chile, although with further study the latter may be found to represent a new species. A new species Crossata barbarajeanae n. sp. is described from specimens previously assigned to C. ventricosa from the vicinity of Bahia de la Independencia, Peru.
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Kus, Barbara E., Kristine L. Preston, and Alexandra Houston. "Rangewide occupancy of a flagship species, the Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica) in southern California: Habitat associations and recovery from wildfire." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 5, 2024): e0306267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306267.
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The Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), a federally threatened species, is a flagship species for regional conservation planning in southern California (USA). An inhabitant of coastal sage scrub vegetation, the gnatcatcher has declined in response to habitat loss and fragmentation, exacerbated by catastrophic wildfires. We documented the status of gnatcatchers throughout their California range and examined post-fire recovery of gnatcatchers and their habitat. We used GIS to develop a habitat suitability model for Coastal California Gnatcatchers using climate and topography covariates and selected over 700 sampling points in a spatially balanced manner. Bird and vegetation data were collected at each point between March and May in 2015 and 2016. Presence/absence of gnatcatchers was determined during three visits to points, using area searches within 150 x 150 m plots. We used an occupancy framework to generate Percent Area Occupied (PAO) by gnatcatchers, and analyzed PAO as a function of time since fire. At the regional scale in 2016, 23% of the points surveyed were occupied by gnatcatchers, reflecting the effect of massive wildfires in the last 15 years. Similarly, PAO in the post-fire subset of points was 24%, with the highest occupancy in unburned (last fire <2002) habitat. Positive predictors of occupancy included percent cover of California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonom fasciculatum), and sunflowers (Encelia spp., Bahiopsis laciniata), while negative predictors included laurel sumac (Malosma laurina) and total herbaceous cover; in particular, non-native grasses. Our findings indicate that recovery from wildfire may take decades, and provide information to speed up recovery through habitat restoration.
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Warren, Louis S. "The California Dream." Pacific Historical Review 92, no. 2 (2023): 260–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.260.
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In recent years, press and political leaders have lamented the demise of the California Dream, a vaguely defined, popular ideal of California life that is said to have originated in the gold rush and to have energized California’s ascent. This essay argues that the emergence of a national ideal of California life can tell us much about changes in American culture, especially since the actual history of the California Dream departs so widely from popular perception. The concept of a “California Dream” did not emerge in the gold rush, but only after The Mamas & The Papas’ smash hit “California Dreamin’” in 1965. It served as both a reinscription of the American Dream and a revision of it to incorporate new social values of the Cold War era, including, among others, the importance of leisure, environmental protection, and healthy living. Warnings of the dream’s decline have attended it from birth, and yet it remains surprisingly popular across an increasingly diverse California population. The dream signaled the exceptional growth that distinguished California in the twentieth century and has represented a quasi-national aspiration that both hearkens to older American ideals and implicitly critiques them by offering an ostensible alternative.
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Robles Cairo, Cuauhtémoc, and Claudia Marcela C. Calderón Aguilera. "ARQUITECTURA DEL SIGLO XX EN LA FRONTERA NORTE DE MÉXICO:." MADGU. Mundo, Arquitectura, Diseño Gráfico y Urbanismo 1, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36800/madgu.v1i2.28.
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La arquitectura de las ciudades de la frontera norte de México, ha presentado la influencia de la vecindad geográfica con los Estados Unidos de América, que durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, incidió en la conformación de su imagen arquitectónica, primero mediante la importación de una arquitectura de madera prefabricada, y posteriormente con la adopción de un lenguaje denominado coloquialmente como arquitectura californiana, que en realidad se debería denominar como neocolonial californiano. Además de las aspiraciones modernistas de los gobernantes y habitantes de la península, la distancia del centro de México, sumada a los deficientes medios de comunicación y transporte, creó un vínculo permanente entre California y Baja California, que dejó como herencia importantes edificios que hoy podrían clasificarse dentro de este lenguaje arquitectónico. En el artículo se expone la definición y antecedentes del tema, así como una reseña de los principales edificios que hoy forman parte de la memoria colectiva bajacaliforniana y que forman parte significativa del patrimonio arquitectónico del estado, sobre todo cuando se presentan como prueba material efectiva, no sólo de un periodo histórico, sino del mismo que corresponde a la conformación de la primera imagen urbano-arquitectónica de las ciudades de Baja California.
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Bixler, Barron. "Industrial Materials." Boom 5, no. 2 (2015): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.2.64.
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The incalculable volume of minerals extracted from California’s mountaintops and riverbeds formed the very infrastructure that fueled California’s unabated growth beginning in 1849—and permanently altered its look. Detritus washed downstream by disastrous hydraulic-mining operations during the Gold Rush was used to build Sacramento, San Francisco, and the levee system in the Delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. Limestone mined by the Monolith Cement Company in what is now Tehachapi built the Los Angeles Aqueduct. The brutality of the landscapes captured in this photo essay is at odds with the popular conception of California landscapes. But, as the photographer discovered through the project, they are in fact quintessentially Californian.
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Rodriguez, Richard. "The Boom Interview." Boom 4, no. 1 (2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2014.4.1.24.
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Boom editor Jon Christensen interviews author Richard Rodriguez. Rodriguez has lived in California nearly all of his life. So what is it that now makes him say he once was but is no longer a California writer? There is something world-weary in the statement. Rodriguez has seen too much of the world in California, and perhaps too much of California in the world. At his writing table in his apartment in San Francisco, Rodriguez spoke with Boom about California’s soul, why he is no longer a California writer, what’s the matter with his hometown, San Francisco, these days, and love.
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Farmer, Jared. "Witness to a Hanging." Boom 3, no. 1 (2013): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2013.3.1.70.
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This essay applies the idea of the witness tree to the Golden State. Reflexively, Californians turn their historical attention to giant sequoias, and wonder what these trees would say about the ancient past if trees could speak. The author argues that hang trees—sites of lynching in the settlement period—are better witnesses of California’s past. Lynching was common in frontier California, and native trees, mainly oaks and sycamores, were used by vigilance committees for extrajudicial executions. Once the Gold Rush was distant enough for commemoration, hang trees became objects of folklore, fakelore, and heritage. As sites of violence and collective memory, California’s trees speak truths and lies.
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Piñera Ramírez, David, Ramiro Jaimes Martínez, and Pedro Espinoza Meléndez. "Trayectorias demográficas de Baja California y California, 1900–2000. Contrastes y paralelismos." Estudios Fronterizos 13, no. 26 (July 1, 2012): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21670/ref.2012.26.a02.
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El objetivo de este documento es analizar los procesos de la migración en dos entidades vecinas, California y Baja California, señalando sus características, la procedencia de los flujos migratorios y el tipo de relaciones laborales generadas a partir de este fenómeno. Por ello, con la migración como eje temático y siguiendo las pautas de la historia comparativa, se constata que tanto en California como en Baja California los flujos migratorios han desempeñado un papel fundamental. El enfoque comparativo lleva también a la búsqueda de similitudes y diferencias en etapas y coyunturas clave, como el impacto de la Ley Seca, la Gran Depresión y las dos guerras mundiales, o bien fenómenos específicos como la llegada del ferrocarril. El hilo conductor es la migración con sus dos aspectos fundamentales ya mencionados: la procedencia de las corrientes migratorias y las relaciones laborales que éstas han generado en las dos Californias.
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Winchell, Clark S., and Paul F. Doherty. "Restoring habitat for coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica)." Condor 120, no. 3 (August 2018): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/condor-17-221.1.
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Hartzell, Leslie L. "California State Parks’ Reexamining Our Past Initiative." Public Historian 45, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2023.45.3.51.
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Social and racial justice protests in 2020 continue to have repercussions across California and the country. For California State Parks, this has meant taking stock of and critically Reexamining Our Past memorializing efforts, looking specifically at contested histories related to place names, honorifics, and interpretation in our nearly one-hundred-year-old State Park system. To address the complexity of this historic legacy, California State Parks is engaging with California Tribal Nation culture-bearers, public historians, and other experts across interdisciplinary fields to guide changes needed to ensure California for All truly reflects the diverse, inclusive, and historically accurate telling of California’s history in our state parks.
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Males, Mike. "California’s Graduated Driver License Law." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i3.1972.
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Many traffic safety researchers believe Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws save lives by imposing restrictions, stronger licensing requirements, and delayed licensure status on drivers under age 18. To determine the effects of California’s GDL law on traffic fatalities among older (age 18-19) and younger (age 16-17) teens by age, sex, accident characteristics, and license status, mortality data from California’s Center for Health Statistics, driver and accident data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, and population data from the California Department of Finance were analyzed for the 1995-2004 period. Compared to California who began driving before the GDL law took effect and to corresponding trends among Californians ages 20 through 44, 16- and 17-year-olds subject the GDL law experienced net decreases of 13% in motor vehicle fatality rates and 14% in driver involvements in fatal accidents. However, 18- and 19-year-olds subjected to GDL programs experienced net increases of 11% in traffic fatalities and 10% in involvements of drivers in fatal accidents, more than offsetting the declines among younger teenagers. These results support reassessment of the effects of the GDL law, including its specific requirements, on older teenagers.
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Pace, Clare, Carolina Balazs, Komal Bangia, Nicholas Depsky, Adriana Renteria, Rachel Morello-Frosch, and Lara J. Cushing. "Inequities in Drinking Water Quality Among Domestic Well Communities and Community Water Systems, California, 2011‒2019." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 1 (January 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306561.
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Objectives. To evaluate universal access to clean drinking water by characterizing relationships between community sociodemographics and water contaminants in California domestic well areas (DWAs) and community water systems (CWSs). Methods. We integrated domestic well locations, CWS service boundaries, residential parcels, building footprints, and 2013–2017 American Community Survey data to estimate sociodemographic characteristics for DWAs and CWSs statewide. We derived mean drinking and groundwater contaminant concentrations of arsenic, nitrate, and hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) between 2011 and 2019 and used multivariate models to estimate relationships between sociodemographic variables and contaminant concentrations. Results. We estimated that more than 1.3 million Californians (3.4%) use domestic wells and more than 370 000 Californians rely on drinking water with average contaminant concentrations at or above regulatory standards for 1 or more of the contaminants considered. Higher proportions of people of color were associated with greater drinking water contamination. Conclusions. Poor water quality disproportionately impacts communities of color in California, with the highest estimated arsenic, nitrate, and Cr(VI) concentrations in areas of domestic well use. Domestic well communities must be included in efforts to achieve California’s Human Right to Water. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):88–97. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306561 )
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César Vargas, Elizabeth, and Andrés Edén Vargas Maldonado. "El Diseño Industrial en la línea fronteriza Baja California-California." H+D HÁBITAT MÁS DISEÑO, no. 21 (March 8, 2023): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58493/habitat.2019.21.06.
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La frontera norte de México se considera la más importante en cuanto a flujo de personas y de comercio entre México y Estados Unidos, en los últimos años ésta ha tenido un aumento significativo en su aporte para la economía del país. De acuerdo a Industria Manufacturera, Maquiladora y de servicios de Exportación (IMMEX), ésta zona se considera la primera en desarrollo de la industria manufacturera; razón por la cual, el diseño industrial tiene mucho por donde desenvolverse, en cuanto a productos, servicios y experiencias. El diseño industrial en la región tiene características de únicas, pues a la vez que existe una apertura comercial con Estados Unidos, la cultura de cooperación entre las ciudades fronterizas permite acceder a un mercado laboral y comercial con poder adquisitivo de primer mundo, potenciando el desarrollo económico de Baja California, apoyando a la globalización de productos de diseño en el país.
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MENKE, ARNOLD S. "Ammophila nancy Menke, a new species in the pruinosa complex (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Ammophilinae)." Zootaxa 1546, no. 1 (August 9, 2007): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1546.1.4.
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Ammophila nancy new species (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), is described from Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Mexico (Sonora and Baja California). The new species is a member of the pruinosa complex which also contains californica Menke, 1964, and pruinosa Cresson, 1865. A key is provided for the identification of the three species.
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McIntyre, M. "Investment strategy for California Water." Water Supply 5, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2005): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0087.
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For 150 years California met water needs primarily through expensive surface water reservoirs and increased groundwater pumping. This approach to water management was emulated around the world. Today, however, budget deficits, climate change and competing interest all strain California's ability to meet new needs for a growing population, the economy and the environment. Water for California and the Planning & Conservation League led an effort to assess viable options for California under these new realities. The resulting Investment Strategy for California Water identifies cost-effective, environmentally beneficial and socially acceptable water management strategies for meeting these needs. The Strategy demonstrates how California can more than meet water supply needs with locally planned and implemented programs such as water conservation, recycling and groundwater treatment. As with past California approaches to water management, this Strategy can be useful to other regions facing similar challenges.
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Johnston, Sky Michael. "“What is California? Nothing but Innumerable Stones”." Journal of Jesuit Studies 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2015): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00201002.
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This article examines the records of the last generation of German Jesuit missionaries in California (present-day Baja California). Removed from the colonial Spanish territory in 1768 by edict of the Spanish king, the missionaries formed a narrative of their efforts in California that they then brought back to Europe. In California, the missionaries attributed great spiritual significance to the dry climate of the region. The arid physical environment thwarted the missionaries’ efforts to build the landscape that they believed was vital to the spiritual development of the indigenous Californians. The Jesuits maintained the necessity of their desired landscape even as they came to accept the impossibility of physically creating it in California. Ultimately, the environment occupied a prominent place in the missionaries’ accounts which simultaneously justified their work in California and explained its shortcomings.
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Gray, Paul Bryan. "Judge Ignacio Sepúlveda." Southern California Quarterly 95, no. 2 (2013): 141–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2013.95.2.141.
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Ignacio Sepúlveda, an East Coast-educated scion of one of the leading Californio families of the ranchero class, successfully negotiated the transition of California to US statehood by associating with Southern Democrats to become a judge and state assemblyman. Later in life he relocated to Mexico City where he made a career of steering American capital to investment opportunities in the Mexico of Porfirio Díaz. His story is doubly significant as an account of the possibilities available to young Californios prior to 1880 and as perhaps the first study of how the influence brokering for American investors was conducted in the Porfiriato.
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Angel, Jacqueline L., Ronald J. Angel, and Phillip Cantu. "Medicaid Use among Older Low-Income Medicare Enrollees in California and Texas: A Tale of Two States." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 44, no. 6 (August 8, 2019): 885–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-7785799.
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Abstract Context: States face increasing Medicaid expenditures largely as a result of growing dual-eligible populations. In this article we examine self-reported community-based Medicaid participation among Medicare recipients 65 and older in California and Texas, with a particular focus on the older Mexican-origin population. Methods: We use six waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) covering the period from 1993–94 to 2010–11. Findings: The data reveal relatively high Medicaid participation rates by older individuals of Mexican origin, but significant differences between the two states. At baseline, 30% of older Mexican-origin Medicare beneficiaries in California reported receiving Medicaid compared to 41% in Texas. Conclusions: Despite California's more liberal eligibility criteria, community-dwelling Texans were more likely than Californians to report coverage at some point during the 17-year follow-up. Our data, as well as administrative data, reveal that California classifies nearly all of its community-dwelling Medicaid recipients as “full duals,” meaning that they receive full benefits, whereas Texas is more likely to classify similarly poor and disabled individuals as “partial duals,” meaning that they receive less coverage, thereby lowering overall program expenditures. Cost containment strategies that restrict access may be especially consequential for vulnerable Hispanic populations.
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D'Onofrio, Annette, Teresa Pratt, and Janneke Van Hofwegen. "Compression in the California Vowel Shift: Tracking generational sound change in California's Central Valley." Language Variation and Change 31, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394519000085.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the California Vowel Shift, previously characterized as a chain shift, in communities across California's Central Valley. An incremental apparent time analysis of 72 Californians’ vowel spaces provides no clear evidence of a gradual chain shift; that is, changes have not unfolded in an order that reflects an implicational chain in chronological time. Instead, we see contemporaneous movements of vowels that work against the phonological tendency of maximal dispersion typically invoked in describing chain shifts. By analyzing change in the size and dispersion of the entire vowel space, we find that ongoing sound change is instead characterized by a holistic compression of the vowel space. This suggests that, in these California communities, the shift's unfolding was driven by articulatory and social, rather than purely phonological, factors. We propose that the analysis of the size and spread of holistic vowel space can help characterize the nature and motivations for vocalic changes.
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Moyna, María Irene. "Portrayals of Spanish in 19th-century American prose: María Amparo Ruiz de Burton's The Squatter and the Don." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 17, no. 3 (August 2008): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947008092503.
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This article analyzes the portrayals of Spanish in The Squatter and the Don (1885), a novel written in English by María Amparo Ruiz de Burton, a Baja Californian who immigrated to Alta California at the time of its annexation to the USA in 1848 and became the first Hispanic American woman writer. Her novel had an ideological purpose, namely, to denounce the land dispossession of the Californios — i.e. Hispanic settlers in California during the Spanish-Mexican period — and to propose an alliance between the Anglo and Hispanic elites. It also had a financial purpose, since writing was for Ruiz de Burton one of many ways in which she attempted to achieve financial prosperity. The representation of language was thus dictated not just by linguistic or aesthetic considerations, but also by the author's interpretation of the conditions prevalent in late 19th-century California, where Spanish had become subordinate to English. Ruiz de Burton's positive attitude towards bilingualism is revealed in her portrayal of protagonists as proficient in both languages. Yet, her awareness of the biases and limitations of her intended Anglo readership is also evident in the fact that Spanish use in the novel is sporadic and restricted. Comparison of her literary and non-literary code mixing highlights some consistent differences between both text types providing additional evidence of Ruiz de Burton's purposeful manipulation of linguistic codes in her artistic production.
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Romero, Adam M. "Beyond the Mother Lode." California History 95, no. 1 (2018): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2018.95.1.2.
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This article narrates California's chemically induced second gold rush through the lens of synthetic cyanide. In coupling California's geological, environmental, and economic history to the changing nature of gold ore in the late 1880s, it explores the role that the development of cyanide leaching and the industrialization of cyanide production had on California's mining landscapes. As such, it places California as a critical node in the globalization of cyanide leaching techniques. In doing so, it links disparate geographies and histories together to explore the chemicalization of California gold mining.
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Faith Epstein, Joan, Sharon Sugerman, Patrick Mitchell, and Marta Induni. "Prevalence of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Physical Activity by Gender and Race/Ethnicity - California, 2005-2006." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v6i2.1309.
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Diets high in fruits and vegetables and participation in regular physical activity are associated with a lower risk for several chronic diseases and conditions. The present study analyzed the combined prevalence of these two activities by race/ethnicity and gender among adults in California and among adults in California at or below 130% of the federal poverty level (FPL), using self-reported data from the 2005 and 2006 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Findings for California were similar to findings for the nation, showing gender and racial/ethnic differences for each of these variables, singly and in combination. Also, low-income men had a significantly lower prevalence of goal-level fruit and vegetable consumption than did low-income women. Although some demographic disparities are evident among Californians, the prevalence of achievement of two key healthy lifestyle behaviors concurrently remains quite low. These results emphasize the need for promoting diets high in fruits and vegetables and regular physical activity among all Californians.
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Whitebear, Luhui. "Resisting the Settler Gaze: California Indigenous Feminisms." Feminist Formations 35, no. 1 (March 2023): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ff.2023.a902068.
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Abstract: The settler gaze has created the conditions in which Indigenous women and Two-Spirit people experience high levels of violence both historically and in current times. This essay analyzes California Indigenous feminist resistance to the violences in the mission impacted region of the Californias. Toypurina, Bárbara Gandiaga, and Yaquenonsat are discussed as examples of California Indigenous feminist resistance to settler colonial systems that contributed to the murdered and missing Indigenous women, girl, and Two-Spirit (MMIWG2S+) crisis during their time period. These historic California Indigenous women are then compared with current efforts to address the MMIWG2S+ crisis in California and beyond. Counter-colonial Indigenous intergenerational storytelling is used as a methodology to read these stories and the settler records in order to resist the settler gaze.
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Jochums, Carl, Glen Watabyashi, and Heather Parker-Hall. "CALIFORNIA'S GNOME TRAJECTORY INITIATIVE TO DETERMINE BEST ACHIEVABLE PROTECTION FOR SENSITIVE SHORELINE RESOURCES FROM VESSEL OIL SPILLS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-161.
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ABSTRACT California has initiated a new approach to create an objective standard and regulate best achievable protection (BAP) for sensitive shoreline protection from vessel spills. The Oil Pollution Act (OPA 90) and California's Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act (SB 2040) mandate BAP as the standard for preparedness and response. BAP poses the critical response planning questions: “How much response resources should industry provide?” and “In what timeframes should those resources be deployed?” Prior California regulations intended to achieve BAP by relying on vessels to identify hazards, trajectories, environmental consequences, and response resource plans, produced less than optimal results in many instances. Though effective in theory, this approach resulted in fuzzy consequences and vague arrangements for adequate response. Because it was neither clear what sites would be protected (and what response resources would be required) nor at what time, and because it was consequentially not clear what response resources would be engaged to execute protection, drilling C-plans became obtuse. This in turn fostered “paper tiger” OSROs and resulted in an uneven playing field for business competitors. In Californias new approach, OSPR used many of the original concepts to identify BAP by using the NOAA GNOME oil spill model for generic vessel risk threats for California ports and along the California coast. This paper explains the theory, steps, and details. As a result of this process, BAP has been defined in terms of specific site deployments at specific time intervals and presented in tables in regulation. This new approach provides a number of benefits and solutions to the difficult issues in the former approach, including a standard for BAP.