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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Calibration of solutions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Calibration of solutions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Calibration of solutions"

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Van De Voort, Frederick R., Abdel Aziz Elkashef, and Jean-Simon Blais. "Interlaboratory Assessment of Dry Calibration Milk Powders for Calibrating Infrared Milk Analyzers." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 5 (September 1, 1991): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.5.772.

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Abstract An interlaboratory study was carried out to assess the performance of preformulated, preanalyzed, dry calibration milk powders designed for calibrating infrared milk analyzers. The calibration powders can be reconstituted to produce consistent calibrations within laboratories. The powders met AOAC specifications In terms of accuracy and repeatability, and provide calibrations with performance characteristics comparable to those produced with conventional calibration milks. The reconstituted solutions were shown to be stable for up to 6 h at 40°C, and can be stored under refrigerated conditions and used for repeated analyses for up to 21 days without apparent deterioration In calibration performance. In general, the calibration powders perform as well as, or better than, the conventional calibrants used by the laboratories participating in the study, and the calibrations could be switched without significantly changing the analytical results. Simulation and cross-calibration analyses indicated that the powdered calibrants produced more consistent results overall than fluid calibration milks. The powdered calibrants, as formulated, are shown to be suitable for any application requiring calibrations that meet AOAC specifications, Including payment applications. The calibration powders have the stability and performance characteristics to serve as a consistent, stable reference standard for monitoring instrument performance, and would be a useful tool for Interlaboratory standardization or accrediting payment and dairy herd analysis laboratories.

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Senn, J. A., J. P. Mills, P. E. Miller, C. Walsh, S. Addy, E. Loerke, and M. V. Peppa. "ON-SITE GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF THERMAL AND OPTICAL SENSORS FOR UAS PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-355-2020.

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Abstract. UAS imagery has become a widely used source of information in geomorphic research. When photogrammetric methods are applied to quantify geomorphic change, camera calibration is essential to ensure accuracy of the image measurements. Insufficient self-calibration based on survey data can induce systematic errors that can cause DEM deformations. The typically low geometric stability of consumer grade sensors necessitates in-situ calibration, as the reliability of a lab based calibration can be affected by transport. In this research a robust on-site workflow is proposed that allows the time-efficient and repeatable calibration of thermal and optical sensors at the same time. A stone building was utilised as calibration object with TLS scans for reference. The approach was applied to calculate eight separate camera calibrations using two sensors (DJI Phantom 4 Pro and Workswell WIRIS pro), two software solutions (Vision Measurement System (VMS) and Agisoft Metashape) and two different subsets of images per sensor. The presented results demonstrate that the approach is suitable to determine camera parameters for pre-calibrating photogrammetric surveys.

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Garbacz, Tomasz, and Ľudmila Dulebova. "Calibration Process and Constructions of Extrusion Calibrators." Key Engineering Materials 635 (December 2014): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.635.135.

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In the cellular extrusion process, the extrusion head gives the extrudate the desired cross-section shape and dimensions, taking into account the Barus effect and the shrinkage effect. However, if strict requirements are imposed with regard to cross-section shape and dimensions, it is necessary to fix the shape and dimensions by calibrating the extrudate obtained. The aim of this study is to present methods and constructional solutions of calibration tooling (calibrators) and to present the new calibrator that constitutes a significant element of the adapted and modernized technological extrusion line.

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Sob, U. M., H. L. Bester, O. M. Smirnov, J. S. Kenyon, and C. Russeeawon. "Solution intervals considered harmful: on the optimality of radio interferometric gain solutions." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 1714–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab928.

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ABSTRACT Solution intervals are often used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during radio interferometric gain calibration. This work investigates how factors such as the noise level, intrinsic gain variability, degree of model incompleteness, and the presence of radio frequency interference impact the selection of solution intervals for calibration. We perform different interferometric simulations to demonstrate how these factors, in combination with the choice of solution intervals, affect calibration and imaging outputs and discuss practical guidelines for choosing optimal solution intervals. Furthermore, we present an algorithm capable of automatically selecting suitable solution intervals during calibration. By applying the algorithm to both simulated and real data, we show that it can successfully choose solution intervals that strike a good balance between capturing intrinsic gain variability and not fitting noise as long as the data are not too inhomogeneously flagged. Furthermore, we elaborate on several practical aspects that emphasize the need to develop regularized calibration algorithms that do not require solution intervals.

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Byrne, Ruby, Miguel F. Morales, Bryna J. Hazelton, and Michael Wilensky. "A unified calibration framework for 21 cm cosmology." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 2457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab647.

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ABSTRACT Calibration precision is currently a limiting systematic in 21 cm cosmology experiments. While there are innumerable calibration approaches, most can be categorized as either ‘sky-based,’ relying on an extremely accurate model of astronomical foreground emission, or ‘redundant,’ requiring a precisely regular array with near-identical antenna response patterns. Both of these classes of calibration are inflexible to the realities of interferometric measurement. In practice, errors in the foreground model, antenna position offsets, and beam response inhomogeneities degrade calibration performance and contaminate the cosmological signal. Here, we show that sky-based and redundant calibration can be unified into a highly general and physically motivated calibration framework based on a Bayesian statistical formalism. Our new framework includes sky-based and redundant calibration as special cases but can additionally support relaxing the rigid assumptions implicit in those approaches. We present simulation results demonstrating that, in a simple case, working in an intermediate regime between sky-based and redundant calibration improves calibration performance. Our framework is highly general and encompasses novel calibration approaches including techniques for calibrating compact non-redundant arrays, calibrating to incomplete sky models, and constraining calibration solutions across frequency.

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Salit, Marc L., and Gregory C. Turk. "Traceability of Single-Element Calibration Solutions." Analytical Chemistry 77, no. 7 (April 2005): 136 A—141 A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac053354n.

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Geladi, Paul, Jim Burger, and Torbjörn Lestander. "Hyperspectral imaging: calibration problems and solutions." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 72, no. 2 (July 2004): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.01.023.

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Augustini, Alexander L. R. M., Stefanie Sielemann, and Ursula Telgheder. "Quantitation of Flavor Compounds in Refill Solutions for Electronic Cigarettes Using HS-GCxIMS and Internal Standards." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 8067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228067.

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New regulations on the use of flavor compounds in tobaccoless electronic cigarettes require comprehensive analyses. Gas chromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometry is on the rise as an analytical technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds as it combines sensitivity, selectivity, and easy usage with a full-range screening. A current challenge is the quantitative GCxIMS-analysis. Non-linear calibration methods are predominantly used. This work presents a new calibration method using linearization and its corresponding fit based on the relation between the reactant and analyte ions from the chemical ionization. The analysis of e-liquids is used to compare the presented calibration with an established method based on a non-linear Boltzmann fit. Since e-liquids contain matrix compounds that have been shown to influence the analyte signals, the use of internal standards is introduced to reduce these effects in GCxIMS-analysis directly. Different matrix mixtures were evaluated in the matrix-matched calibration to improve the quantitation further. The system’s detection and quantitation limits were determined using a separate linear calibration. A matrix-matched calibration series of 29 volatile compounds with 12 levels were used to determine the concentration of these substances in a spiked, flavorless e-liquid and a banana-flavored e-liquid, validating the quality of the different calibrations.

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Shishov, Yu A., D. V. Gubanov, M. G. Vahlov, and V. M. Balashov. "Calibration method for large-aperture digital antenna array." Issues of radio electronics, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-10-37-44.

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Вased on the analysis of known technical solutions, the article proposes a method for calibrating the large-aperture receiving AESA radar for early warning. The peculiarity of this technique is that a coherent radio pulse sequence is applied as the calibration signal supplied to the inputs of the receiving modules. The power of each of the radio pulses is of the same order as the power of the signals arriving at the inputs of the receiving modules when the radar is operating normally, that is, with the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the AFAR receiving module of 10-6-10-3. Thus, the calibration should occur in the region of small signals, within the working dynamic range. The technical implementation of this technique allows to obtain a higher accuracy of the calibration of the AESA while simplifying the design of the receiving modules, compared with similar technical solutions.

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Телега, Ніна Олександрівна. "Calibration of dataloggers with saturated salt solutions." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2016.112813.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calibration of solutions"

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Morini, Massimiliano. "Free-discontinuity problems: calibration and approximation of solutions." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3923.

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Madgwick, Sebastian O. H. "AHRS algorithms and calibration solutions to facilitate new applications using low-cost MEMS." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681552.

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Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) technology is advancing rapidly. Gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers, also referred to as an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), has traditionally been associated with aerospace and industrial robotics but is now within every smart phone. The proliferation of these low-cost devices has facilitated countless new applications with many more still unrealised. This dissertation presents work towards this end. A significant contribution of this work was the development of novel Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) algorithms that fuse together sensor data from an IMU to provide an absolute measurement of orientation relative to the Earth. The novel work presented on non-gyro IMU s demonstrated the potential practical benefits of such kinematically redundant sensor arrays. Low-cost MEMS can only be fully utilised if they are combined with a calibration solution to provide precise measurements with a determined accuracy. This dissertation presents a comprehensive calibration solution to the specific requirements of these sensors based on extensive characterisations investigations. The calibration solutions enable sensors costing <10 United States Dollar (USD) to achieve a static pitch/roll accuracy of <10 and a static heading accuracy of <2°. This performance is equivalent to commercial 1M Us costing up to 3000 USD. The AHRS algorithm and sensor calibration works were brought together in the development of three IMU hardware platforms. To date, >500 have been sold and the open-source associated algorithm downloaded> 10,000 times. Each platform addressed a specific design need and together these facilitated a wide range of new applications; demonstrated by the numerous scientific publications that resulted from collaborative projects and user projects.

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Majer, Günter, and Klaus Zick. "Calibration of the diffusion coefficients of the FCS standard Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solutions." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198396.

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Majer, Günter, and Klaus Zick. "Calibration of the diffusion coefficients of the FCS standard Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solutions." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 34, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14549.

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Petrescu, Tudor Gabriel. "Systèmes de numérisation hautes performances : etude des solutions à bancs de filtres hybrides : caractérisation et optimisation." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112035.

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Ce travail avait pour objectif d'étudier un dispositif qui, pour une cadence d'échantillonnage donnée, permette d'élargir la bande de fréquence de conversion analogique/numérique. L'orientation choisie est celle des structures parallèles et en particulier des bancs de filtres hybrides (BFH). Nous avons proposé certaines méthodes de synthèse des BFH. Leur particularité est qu'elles prennent en compte les contraintes de réalisation des filtres analogiques. Diverses améliorations de ces méthodes en particulier leur optimisation vis-à-vis de certains paramètres ont été proposées. Le bruit de quantification a été étudié et nous avons montré par un calcul théorique mais aussi en simulation l'influence sur la sortie du bruit de quantification du quantificateur de chaque voie. Ensuite, nous avons étudié les effets de la quantification des coefficients des filtres de synthèse. Une formule théorique qui estime le bruit introduit par la quantification de ces coefficients a été déduite. Des simulations qui confirment la validité de cette formule ont été effectuées. Le caractère hybride des bancs de filtres étudiés implique des problèmes spécifiques liés à l'implémentation analogique. Nous avons ainsi montré que de très petites variations des valeurs des composants analogiques par rapport aux valeurs nominales obtenues après la synthèse détériorent gravement les performances du banc de filtres. Nous avons alors proposé une solution originale à ce problème. Il s'agit d'une calibration du banc de filtres après réalisation
This PhD thesis deals with a technique allowing to increase the speed of Analog to Digital Converters (ADC). Parallel structures together with Hybrid Filter Banks (HFB) were designed. Synthesis methods of HFB that take into account analog filters implementation constraints were conceived. Some optimization methods of the synthesis procedures were also proposed. The effect of the quantization noise of a branch quantizer on the HFB output was studied through theoretical estimations strengthened by simulations. The effect of finite word implementation of synthesis filters coefficients was also studied. A theoretical estimation of the noise introduced by coefficient quantization was given. Simulations confirming this theoretical estimation were performed. The hybrid nature of HFB generates analog implementation problems. One of the most important challenges in designing HFB was identified: the dramatic performance degradation in the presence of small analog filters implementation errors. Consequently, readjustment of synthesis filters coefficients after physical implementation of the analysis bank appears as mandatory and a calibration method was also proposed

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Wiberg, Kent. "Multivariate spectroscopic methods for the analysis of solutions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Institutionen för analytisk kemi, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110.

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Cilici, Florent. "Développement de solutions BIST (Built-In Self-Test) pour circuits intégrés radiofréquences/millimétriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT072.

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Les technologies silicium récentes sont particulièrement prônes aux imperfections durant la fabrication des circuits. La variation des procédés peut entrainer une dégradation des performances, notamment aux hautes fréquences. Dans cette thèse, plusieurs contributions visant la réduction des coûts et de la complexité du test des circuits millimétriques sont présentées. Dans ce sens, deux sujets principaux ont fait l'objet de notre attention : a) le test indirect non-intrusif basé sur l’apprentissage automatique et b) la calibration non-itérative "one-shot". Nous avons en particulier développé une méthode générique pour implémenter un test indirect non-intrusif basé sur l’apprentissage automatique. La méthode vise à être aussi automatisée que possible de façon à pouvoir être appliquée à pratiquement n'importe quel circuit millimétrique. Elle exploite les modèles Monte Carlo du design kit et des informations de variations du BEOL pour proposer un jeu de capteurs non-intrusifs. Des mesures à basses fréquences permettent ensuite d'extraire des signatures qui contiennent des données pertinentes concernant la qualité des procédés de fabrication, et donc a fortiori de la performance du circuit. Cette méthode est supportée par des résultats expérimentaux sur des PAs fonctionnant à 65 GHz, conçus dans une technologie 55 nm de STMicroelectronics. Pour s'attaquer plus encore à la dégradation des performances induite par les variations des procédés de fabrication, nous nous sommes également penchés sur une procédure de calibration non-itérative. Nous avons ainsi présenté un PA à deux étages qui peut être calibré en post-fabrication. La méthode de calibration exploite une cellule de découplage variable comme moyen de modifier les performances de l'amplificateur. Des moniteurs de variations des procédés de fabrication, placés dans les espaces vides du circuit, sont utilisés afin de prédire la meilleure configuration possible pour les cellules de découplage variables. La faisabilité et les performances de cette approche ont été validés en simulation
Recent silicon technologies are especially prone to imperfections during the fabrication of the circuits. Process variations can induce a noticeable performance shift, especially for high frequency devices. In this thesis we present several contributions to tackle the cost and complexity associated with testing mm-wave ICs. In this sense, we have focused on two main topics: a) non-intrusive machine learning indirect test and b) one-shot calibration. We have in particular developed a generic method to implement a non-intrusive machine learning indirect test based on process variation sensors. The method is aimed at being as automated as possible and can be applied to virtually any mm-wave circuit. It leverages the Monte Carlo models of the design kit and the BEOL variability information to propose a set of non-intrusive sensors. Low frequency measurements can be performed on these sensors to extract signatures that provide relevant information about the process quality, and consequently about the device performance. The method is supported by experimental results in a set of 65 GHz PAs designed in a 55 nm technology from STMicroelectronics. To further tackle the performance degradation induced by process variations, we have also focused on the implementation of a one-shot calibration procedure. In this line, we have presented a two-stage 60 GHz PA with one-shot calibration capability. The proposed calibration takes advantage of a novel tuning knob, implemented as a variable decoupling cell. Non-intrusive process monitors, placed within the empty spaces of the circuit, are used for predicting the best tuning knob configuration based on a machine learning regression model. The feasibility and performance of the proposed calibration strategy have been validated in simulation

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Durusu, Deniz. "Camera Controlled Pick And Place Application With Puma 760 Robot." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606759/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the kinematical structure of Puma 760 arm and introduces the implementation of image based pick and place application by taking care of the obstacles in the environment. Forward and inverse kinematical solutions of PUMA 760 are carried out. A control software has been developed to calculate both the forward and inverse kinematics solution of this manipulator. The control program enables user to perform both offline programming and real time realization by transmitting the VAL commands (Variable Assembly Language) to the control computer. Using the proposed inverse kinematics solutions, an interactive application is generated on PUMA 760 arm. The picture of the workspace is taken using a fixed camera attached above the robot workspace. The captured image is then processed to find the position and the distribution of all objects in the workspace. The target is differentiated from the obstacles by analyzing some specific properties of all objects, i.e. roundness. After determining the configuration of the workspace, a clustering based search algorithm is executed to find a path to pick the target object and places it to the desired place. The trajectory points in pixel coordinates, are mapped into the robot workspace coordinates by using the camera calibration matrix obtained in the calibration procedure of the robot arm with respect to the attached camera. The required joint angles, to get the end effector of the robot arm to the desired location, are calculated using the Jacobian type inverse kinematics algorithm. The VAL commands are generated and sent to the control computer of PUMA 760 to pick the object and places it to a user defined location.

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Petrescu, Tudor. "SYSTEMES DE NUMERISATION HAUTES PERFORMANCES- Etude des solutions à bancs de filtres hybrides -- Caractérisation et optimisation -." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274217.

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Ce travail avait pour objectif d'étudier un dispositif qui, pour une cadence d'échantillonnage donnée, permette d'élargir la bande de fréquence de conversion analogique/numérique. L'orientation choisie est celle des structures parallèles et en particulier des bancs de filtres hybrides (BFH). Nous avons proposé certaines méthodes de synthèse des BFH. Leur particularité est qu'elles prennent en compte les contraintes de réalisation des filtres analogiques. Diverses améliorations de ces méthodes en particulier leur optimisation vis-à-vis de certains paramètres ont été proposées. Le bruit de quantification a été étudié et nous avons montré par un calcul théorique mais aussi en simulation l'influence sur la sortie du bruit de quantification du quantificateur de chaque voie. Ensuite, nous avons étudié les effets de la quantification des coefficients des filtres de synthèse. Une formule théorique qui estime le bruit introduit par la quantification de ces coefficients a été déduite. Des simulations qui confirment la validité de cette formule ont été effectuées. Le caractère hybride des bancs de filtres étudiés implique des problèmes spécifiques liés à l'implémentation analogique. Nous avons ainsi montré que de très petites variations des valeurs des composants analogiques par rapport aux valeurs nominales obtenues après la synthèse détériorent gravement les performances du banc de filtres. Nous avons alors proposé une solution originale à ce problème. Il s'agit d'une calibration du banc de filtres après réalisation.

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Chung, Edgar N. 1977. "A cost effective ATE calibration/verification solution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86290.

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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).
by Edgar N. Chung.
S.B.and M.Eng.

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Books on the topic "Calibration of solutions"

1

Poklewska-Koziell, Malgorzata. An investigation of screen cage psychrometer calibration using graded salt solutions and soil desorption. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1988.

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R, Weidner Victor, and United States. National Bureau of Standards., eds. Holmium oxide solution: Wavelength standard from 240 to 640 nm--SRM 2034. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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A, DiMarzio Charles, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Precision pointing using a dual-wedge scanner. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Zynda, Lyle. Subjectivism. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.20.

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This essay discusses subjective probability—its foundations, justification, and relation to other subjects, such as decision theory and confirmation theory. Various forms of subjectivism (the belief in subjective probability) are described, and distinguished from non-subjectivist approaches. Two broad approaches to justifying the laws of probability on subjectivist grounds are then discussed: (a) pragmatic approaches, based on betting behavior, with associated Dutch book arguments, or (more broadly) pragmatic approaches based on decision and preference theory, with its representation theorems; and (b) non-pragmatic (epistemic) approaches, with arguments based on calibration and gradational accuracy. These various arguments are assessed, and their scope and limitations spelled out in detail. Finally, the relation of subjective probability to the confirmation of scientific theories is discussed, focusing on the problem of old evidence, and its various proposed solutions.

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022. VDI Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952.

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INHALT Electrical Agricultural Machines Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods .....1 GridCON2 – Development of a Cable Drum Vehicle Concept to Power 1MW Fully Electric Agricultural Swarms ..... 11 GridCON Swarm – Development of a Grid Connected Fully Autonomous Agricultural Production System ..... 17 Fully electric Tractor with 1000 kWh battery capacity ..... 23 Soil and Modelling The Integration of a Scientific Soil Compaction Risk Indicator (TERRANIMO) into a Holistic Tractor and Implement Optimization System (CEMOS) .....29 Identification of draft force characteristics for a tillage tine with variable geometry ..... 37 Calibration of soil models within the Discrete Element Method (DEM) ..... 45 Automation and Optimization of Working Speed and Depth in Agricultural Soil Tillage with a Model Predictive Control based on Machine Learning ..... 55 Synchronising machine adjustments of combine harvesters for higher fleet performance ..... 65 A generic approach to bridge the gap between route optimization and motion planning for specific guidance points o...

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Otruba, Kathy. AN1661 - Sensor Calibration on SSC7102 Bosch Sensor Fusion Solution for Windows 8. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2014.

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Sanderson, Benjamin Mark. Uncertainty Quantification in Multi-Model Ensembles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.707.

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Long-term planning for many sectors of society—including infrastructure, human health, agriculture, food security, water supply, insurance, conflict, and migration—requires an assessment of the range of possible futures which the planet might experience. Unlike short-term forecasts for which validation data exists for comparing forecast to observation, long-term forecasts have almost no validation data. As a result, researchers must rely on supporting evidence to make their projections. A review of methods for quantifying the uncertainty of climate predictions is given. The primary tool for quantifying these uncertainties are climate models, which attempt to model all the relevant processes that are important in climate change. However, neither the construction nor calibration of climate models is perfect, and therefore the uncertainties due to model errors must also be taken into account in the uncertainty quantification.Typically, prediction uncertainty is quantified by generating ensembles of solutions from climate models to span possible futures. For instance, initial condition uncertainty is quantified by generating an ensemble of initial states that are consistent with available observations and then integrating the climate model starting from each initial condition. A climate model is itself subject to uncertain choices in modeling certain physical processes. Some of these choices can be sampled using so-called perturbed physics ensembles, whereby uncertain parameters or structural switches are perturbed within a single climate model framework. For a variety of reasons, there is a strong reliance on so-called ensembles of opportunity, which are multi-model ensembles (MMEs) formed by collecting predictions from different climate modeling centers, each using a potentially different framework to represent relevant processes for climate change. The most extensive collection of these MMEs is associated with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). However, the component models have biases, simplifications, and interdependencies that must be taken into account when making formal risk assessments. Techniques and concepts for integrating model projections in MMEs are reviewed, including differing paradigms of ensembles and how they relate to observations and reality. Aspects of these conceptual issues then inform the more practical matters of how to combine and weight model projections to best represent the uncertainties associated with projected climate change.

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Book chapters on the topic "Calibration of solutions"

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Olivieri, Alejandro C. "Solutions to Exercises." In Introduction to Multivariate Calibration, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97097-4_13.

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Rumiantsev, Andrej. "Development of Calibration Solutions." In On-Wafer Calibration Techniques Enabling Accurate Characterization of High-Performance Silicon Devices at the mm-Wave Range and Beyond, 37–50. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003338994-4.

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Wrobel, Bernhard P. "Minimum Solutions for Orientation." In Calibration and Orientation of Cameras in Computer Vision, 7–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04567-1_2.

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Atallah, Jad G., and Mohammed Ismail. "Calibration Enabling First-Pass Success." In Integrated Frequency Synthesis for Convergent Wireless Solutions, 161–79. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1466-7_10.

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Hüser, Dorothee, Ralph Petersen, and Hendrik Rothe. "Coordinate Measurements in Microsystems by Using AFM-Probing: Problems and Solutions." In Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods, 60–72. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch5.

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Csurka, G., D. Demirdjian, A. Ruf, and R. Horaud. "Closed-form solutions for the Euclidean calibration of a stereo rig." In Computer Vision — ECCV'98, 426–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0055682.

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Stoian, A. M., I. Maniu, E. C. Lovasz, and C. M. Gruescu. "Design Solutions to Simplify the Calibration of a Robotic Flexible Manufacturing System." In New Advances in Mechanisms, Mechanical Transmissions and Robotics, 229–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45450-4_23.

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Garrett, Steven L. "One-Dimensional Propagation." In Understanding Acoustics, 453–512. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_10.

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Abstract Having already invested in understanding both the equation of state and the hydrodynamic equations, only straightforward algebraic manipulations will be required to derive the wave equation, justify its solutions, calculate the speed of sound in fluids, and derive the expressions for acoustic intensity and the acoustic kinetic and potential energy densities of sound waves. The “machinery” developed to describe waves on strings will be sufficient to describe one-dimensional sound propagation in fluids, even though the waves on the string were transverse and the one-dimensional waves in fluids are longitudinal. These results are combined with the thermal and viscous penetration depths to calculate the frequencies and quality factors in standing wave resonators. The coupling of those resonators to loudspeakers will be examined. The introduction of reciprocal transducers that are linear, passive, and reversible will allow absolute calibration of transducers using only electrical measurements (i.e., currents and voltages) by the reciprocity method, if the acoustic impedance that couples the source and receiver is calculable. Reflection and transmission at junctions between multiple ducts and other networks will be calculated and applied to the design of filters. The behavior of waves propagating through horns will provide useful impedance matching but introduce a low-frequency cut-off.

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Schroll, Hans Joachim. "Automatic calibration of depositional models." In Automated Solution of Differential Equations by the Finite Element Method, 601–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23099-8_32.

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Puget, P., and T. Skordas. "An optimal solution for mobile camera calibration." In Computer Vision — ECCV 90, 187–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0014864.

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Conference papers on the topic "Calibration of solutions"

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Kunitz, Logan. "Is Instrument Interchangeability in Calibration Just A Dream?" In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.40.

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As instruments steadily get more complicated, manual calibrations become less feasible. Many laboratories are too small to write full, automated solutions for calibration, so it is common for solutions for automated calibration to be used by many laboratories. However, each laboratory has a different set of standards that they can use for calibrations, so these automated solutions should be able to handle different instruments that can be used interchangeably. In other words, they should support ´instrument interchangeability’. This paper will examine some of the use cases that should be handled by these calibration solutions along with the difficulties that arise in attempts to solve them.

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Benettoni, M., A. Gaz, S. Lacaprara, M. Posocco, P. Sartori, R. Stroili, E. Torassa, R. Mussa, and U. Tamponi. "The laser calibration system of the TOP detector." In International Conference on Photonics Solutions 2015, edited by Surasak Chiangga and Sarun Sumriddetchkajorn. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2194350.

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Bender, Daniel, Marek Schikora, Jurgen Sturm, and Daniel Greniers. "INS-camera calibration without ground control points." In 2014 Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sdf.2014.6954719.

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Ranusawudb, Monludee, Sitthichai Srikham, Apichai Bhatranand, Kittiphong Mongkonsatit, and Yuttapong Jiraraksopakun. "Temperature effects on wavelength calibration of the optical spectrum analyzer." In Third International Conference on Photonic Solutions, edited by Thawatchai Mayteevarunyoo. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2299638.

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Schmoll, Jurgen, Robert Besuner, David Bramall, Colin Dunlop, Jerry Edelstein, Patrick Jelinsky, Claire Poppett, Ray Sharples, and Gordon Talbot. "The DESI slit design: science and calibration solutions." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Christopher J. Evans, Luc Simard, and Hideki Takami. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2233050.

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Budzinska, Katarzyna, Maaijke Mevius, Marcin Grzesiak, and Hanna Rothkaehl. "Detection of periodic disturbances in LOFAR calibration solutions." In 2021 Signal Processing Symposium (SPSympo). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spsympo51155.2020.9593845.

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Roelofs, Susan H., Martha B. Alvarez-Elizondo, Timo A. Nieminen, Martin Persson, Norman Heckenberg, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop. "Calibration of trap stiffness and viscoelasticity in polymer solutions." In NanoScience + Engineering, edited by Kishan Dholakia and Gabriel C. Spalding. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.793577.

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Ristic, Branko, Daniel E. Clark, and Neil Gordon. "Calibration of tracking systems using detections from non-cooperative targets." In 2012 Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sdf.2012.6327903.

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Nontapot, kanokwan. "The design and development of CO2 medium-level laser power calibration system for industrial and medical applications in Thailand." In Third International Conference on Photonic Solutions, edited by Thawatchai Mayteevarunyoo. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2299812.

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Ma, Le, Libin Zhang, Liwan Yue, Zhibiao Mao, Yayi Wei, and Lisong Dong. "Investigation of A New Method to Weigh the Data Used for OPC Model Calibration." In 2020 International Workshop on Advanced Patterning Solutions (IWAPS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwaps51164.2020.9286813.

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Reports on the topic "Calibration of solutions"

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Wilson, Walter B., Lane C. Sander, Benjamin J. Place, and James Yen. Certification of standard reference material 3389 ginsenoside calibration solution. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-196.

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Fessenden, T. J. Formal solution for the fields within a beam-bug calibrator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8054.

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Leach, James. Calibration of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using dried solution aerosols for the quantitative analysis of solid samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/350828.

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Sullivan, R. W., and J. C. Roddick. Preparation and Concentration Calibration of a Mixed 149sm - 148nd Tracer Solution Used For Sm - Nd Geochronology and Tracer Studies in the Geochronology Laboratory, Geological Survey of Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132927.

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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.

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