Academic literature on the topic 'CALD'
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Journal articles on the topic "CALD"
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Seman, Michael, Bill Karanatsios, Koen Simons, Roman Falls, Neville Tan, Chiew Wong, Christopher Barrington-Brown, Nicholas Cox, and Christopher J. Neil. "The impact of cultural and linguistic diversity on hospital readmission in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure." European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes 6, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz034.
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Abstract Aims Health services worldwide face the challenge of providing care for increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations. The aims of this study were to determine whether CALD patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (HF) are at increased risk of rehospitalization and emergency department (ED) visitation after discharge, compared to non-CALD patients, and within CALD patients to ascertain the impact of limited English proficiency (LEP) on outcomes. Methods and results A cohort of 1613 patients discharged from hospital following an episode of acute HF was derived from hospital administrative datasets. CALD status was based on both country of birth and primary spoken language. Comorbidities, HF subtype, age, sex and socioeconomic status, and hospital readmission and ED visitation incidences, were compared between groups. A Cox proportional hazard model was employed to adjust for potential confounders. The majority of patients were classified as CALD [1030 (64%)]. Of these, 488 (30%) were designated as English proficient (CALD-EP) and 542 (34%) were designated CALD-LEP. Compared to non-CALD, CALD-LEP patients exhibited a greater cumulative incidence of HF-related readmission and ED visitation, as expressed by an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [1.27 (1.02–1.57) and 1.40 (1.18–1.67), respectively]; this difference was not significant for all-cause readmission [adjusted HR 1.03 (0.88–1.20)]. CALD-EP showed a non-significant trend towards increased rehospitalization and ED visitation. Conclusion This study suggests that CALD patients with HF, in particular those designated as CALD-LEP, have an increased risk of HF rehospitalization and ED visitation. Further research to elucidate the underlying reasons for this disparity are warranted.
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Eatt, Jodi, Stuart J. Watson, Helen L. Ball, Katherine Sevar, and Megan Galbally. "Maternal Depression and Early Parenting: A Comparison Between Culturally and Linguistically Diverse and Australian born Mothers." Australasian Psychiatry 30, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10398562211052886.
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Objective: To examine the risk of perinatal depression, parenting stress and infant sleep practices in Australian culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) women. Method: Within the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study, we examined 487 pregnant women of whom 52 were CaLD and 435 non-CaLD. Depression was measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In addition, Parenting Stress Index and infant sleep measures were collected. Results: Fewer CaLD women had a depression diagnosis but there were no differences between CaLD and non-CaLD women for perinatal mental health symptoms. More mothers in the CaLD group were bed sharing with their infant during the night at six months; however, bedsharing was only associated with higher parenting stress for non-CaLD mothers. Conclusions: Findings suggest both differences in infant sleep parenting practices and in parenting stress but not general emotional wellbeing. Future research is required to replicate these findings.
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Ghafournia, Nafiseh, Peter Massey, Sunita J. Rebecca Healey, and Bhavi Ravindran. "Culturally and linguistically diverse voices and views in COVID-19 pandemic plans and policies." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 13, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.2.915.
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Objective: This paper presents a rapid assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic plans and explores the representation of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in such plans. Four levels of pandemic plans were reviewed: regional, state, national and international. Methods: Discussions with representatives from four CALD communities informed the development of search and selection criteria for the COVID-19 plans, which were gathered and assessed using a CALD lens. Six COVID-19 pandemic plans that met the inclusion criteria were critically assessed. Results: The reviewed plans did not report any CALD community voices, views or consultations with community groups in the development phase, nor did they acknowledge the diversity of CALD populations. A few plans noted the vulnerability of CALD communities, but none discussed the challenges CALD communities face in accessing health information or health services during the pandemic, or other structural barriers (social determinants of health). Discussion: Our analysis revealed major gaps in all pandemic plans in terms of engaging with immigrant or CALD communities. Policies and plans that address and consider the complex needs and challenges of CALD communities are essential. Collaboration between public health services, multicultural services and policy-makers is vital for the inclusion of this higher-risk population.
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Pham, Thi Thu Le, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Angela Clapperton, Kerry S. O’Brien, Sara Liu, and Katharine Gibson. "Definitions of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD): A Literature Review of Epidemiological Research in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020737.
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Objective: To identify how Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities are defined in epidemiological research in Australia and provide a definition of CALD status that aids the consistency and interpretability of epidemiological studies. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature from January 2015 to May 2020 was searched via four databases (Ovid Medline combined with PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL) to identify quantitative studies of CALD people in Australia. Results: A total of 108 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Country of birth was the most commonly used CALD definition (n = 33, 30.6%), with combinations of two or more components also frequently used (n = 31, 28.7%). No studies used all the components suggested as core to defining CALD status. including country of birth, languages other than English spoken at home, English proficiency, and indigenous status. Conclusions: There was considerable inconsistency in how CALD status was defined. The review suggests that CALD status would best be defined as people born in non-English speaking countries, and/or who do not speak English at home. Additionally, indigenous peoples should be considered separately. This recommended definition will support the better identification of potential health disparity and needs in CALD and indigenous communities.
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Ayre, Julie, Carissa Bonner, Sian Bramwell, Sharon McClelland, Rajini Jayaballa, Glen Maberly, and Kirsten McCaffery. "Implications for GP endorsement of a diabetes app with patients from culturally diverse backgrounds: a qualitative study." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 1 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19062.
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Although many diabetes self-management apps exist, these are not tailored for people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. This study aimed to explore GP perceptions of how diabetes app features could help GPs better support their patients from CALD backgrounds. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews with GPs in Western Sydney explored attitudes towards a proposed app’s suitability for CALD patients. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded using Framework Analysis. Theme 1 explored the implications of perceptions that patients’ health literacy is dependent on the language used. Theme 2 explored the influence of messaging from sources that share the patient’s language and culture (including misinformation from community sources). Theme 3 described the suitability of the app platform for CALD patients, and its potential challenges in this group. GPs perceived that a diabetes app could be useful for providing support to patients from CALD backgrounds. Findings suggest app features should be optimised to address existing challenges that GPs face and carefully consider strategies for recruiting CALD patients. It is important that GPs feel comfortable promoting an app to their CALD patients to help increase participation rates by people in the CALD community.
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Wang, Hongge, Matthew D. Davison, Martin L. Kramer, Weiliang Qiu, Tatiana Gladysheva, Ruby M. S. Chiang, Can Kayatekin, et al. "Evaluation of Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker of Neurodegeneration in X-Linked Childhood Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy." Cells 11, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050913.
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Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) is a devastating, demyelinating neuroinflammatory manifestation found in up to 40% of young males with an inherited mutation in ABCD1, the causative gene in adrenoleukodystrophy. The search for biomarkers which correlate to CALD disease burden and respond to intervention has long been sought after. We used the Olink Proximity Extension Assay (Uppsala, Sweden) to explore the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of young males with CALD followed by correlative analysis with plasma. Using the Target 96 Neuro Exploratory panel, we found that, of the five proteins significantly increased in CSF, only neurofilament light chain (NfL) showed a significant correlation between CSF and plasma levels. Young males with CALD had a 11.3-fold increase in plasma NfL compared with controls. Importantly, 9 of 11 young males with CALD who underwent HCT showed a mean decrease in plasma NfL of 50% at 1 year after HCT compared with pre-HCT levels. In conclusion, plasma NfL could be a great value in determining outcomes in CALD and should be scrutinized in future studies in patients prior to CALD development and after therapeutic intervention.
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Kaur, Jatinder. "Working with families from culturally and linguistically diverse communities in Queensland: An Australian exploratory study." Children Australia 32, no. 4 (2007): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011731.
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In Australia there is limited research and information regarding how Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) families are assessed within the child protection system. This paper explores assessment issues faced by child protection investigation officers when working with CALD families in the Queensland child protection system. The research examined the level of knowledge, training and experiences of child protection officers and whether they were ‘culturally competent’. The study found that entry level officers did not receive adequate training and resources, and lacked CALD-specific knowledge on how to deal with cross cultural issues when working with CALD families. Respondents indicated that interpreters‘ services were effective during investigation and assessment of CALD families. The findings of this study highlight key concerns in the provision of child protection assessments, practice, policy and service delivery when working with CALD families.
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Lwin, Zarnie, Alexander Broom, Rasha Cosman, Ann Livingstone, Kate Sawkins, Phillip Good, Emma Kirby, Eng-Siew Koh, and Elizabeth Hovey. "Culturally and linguistically diverse patient participation in glioma research." Neuro-Oncology Practice 1, no. 3 (June 25, 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npu009.
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Abstract Marginal communities, such as culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients, have significantly lower rates of recruitment, accrual, and retention in cancer clinical trials. A combination of language and cultural barriers means that trial participation from CALD communities remains at suboptimal levels, which in turn favors research findings that are biased towards therapeutic effects or toxicities within the context of non-CALD populations. Here we outline some key challenges and implications for CALD patient participation in glioma research in countries such as Australia, where English is the language of governance and health services implementation. We highlight multistakeholder interventions to improve both investigator recruitment and participation of CALD communities in future glioma research, particularly in this era when global migration has come of age. Enhancing research participation of CALD communities ensures not only wider understanding of genetic heterogeneity to improve glioma outcomes but also equity in access to care.
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Randon, Giulia, Paola Falloppi, Maria Chiara Costa, Anita Bevilacqua, Anna Brugnolli, Federica Canzan, Astrid Kustatscher, et al. "The Lived Experience of Nursing Students with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Backgrounds in Italy: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 31, no. 5 (November 21, 2019): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619889118.
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Introduction: In recent decades, Italy has been exposed to significant migrant flows resulting from political and economic instability in neighbouring countries. As a result, there has been an increased amount of cultural and linguistic diversity (CALD) among nursing students. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of CALD nursing students as lived in the Italian nursing programmes. Method: A descriptive phenomenological method was used in 2017 with the involvement of a purposeful sample of 21 CALD nursing students in five Italian Bachelor of Nursing Science campuses. Data were collected using semistructured interviews; the subsequent content analysis was conducted by two independent researchers. Results: CALD nursing students reported having lived a transformative experience based on seven themes, from “living in the middle, between belonging and detachment” to “acquiring cultural awareness and cultural sensitivity.” Discussion: Dealing with linguistic and cultural differences can affected CALD students’ academic success, but also encourages them to develop awareness and cultural sensitivity by influencing their peers and the environment of the nursing programme. Therefore, having CALD students is a great value for nursing programmes. Nursing programmes should embody the values of cultural sensitivity and acceptance, including them as a nursing care value and as a concrete strategy to support CALD students. They should also develop strategies to promote the knowledge and responsibilities of nurses among CALD students and increase cultural sensitivity among faculty members at different levels.
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Ward, Bernadette, Julie Ellis, and Karen Anderson. "Barriers to the provision of home and community care services to culturally and linguistically diverse populations in rural Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 2 (2005): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05033.
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In 2002, qualitative methods in the form of in-depth interviews and focus groups were used to gather data from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) population residents, service providers and key stakeholders across rural Victoria, to identify and describe barriers to the effective delivery of home services to people from CALD populations in rural Australia. Barriers to the provision of Home and Community Care (HACC) services to CALD populations in rural areas were not specific to HACC programs. For CALD residents, barriers included lack of information about the range of available services, cultural factors, and negative past and recent experiences in dealing with both the broader community and service providers. Service providers indicated lack of information about the profile of the local CALD population and lack of experience in working with these groups to be barriers. Communication was also an issue both for CALD residents and service providers, in terms of cultural factors and specific communication strategies such as inadequate printed material and under-utilisation of existing resources such as interpreter services. As one of the world?s most ethno-culturally diverse nations, Australia has a responsibility to provide health services that are culturally responsive and acceptable. Greater attention needs to be given to the needs of rural CALD population groups in accessing home services.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CALD"
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Stenvall, Jenny, and Susanne Karlsson. "Utmaningar för sjuksköterskan och det multidisciplinära teamet i mötet med patienter med annan kulturell etnicitet i palliativt skede : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-4019.
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Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle med globalisering och en ökad invandring från andra länder så interagerar olika individer och grupper som inte har samma livsåskådning, tro ellervärderingar. Detta skapar ett ökat behov för en palliativ vård som är betydligt mer kulturkänslig, där sjuksköterskan och det multidisciplinära teamet kan bemöta både patienter från en annan kulturell etnicitet i ett palliativt skede och deras närstående på ett icke-dömande sätt. Konflikter och etiska svårigheter i omvårdnaden av dessa patienter kan riskera att påverka livets sista tid negativt. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa sjuksköterskan och det multidisciplinära teamets utmaningar i mötet med patienter från en annan kulturell etnicitet i palliativt skede. Metod: Studien är genomförd som en induktiv litteraturöversikt. Femton artiklar inkluderades och en tematisk innehållsanalysen utfördes enligt Bettany-Saltikov och McSherry. Resultat: Fyra huvudteman utformades i resultatet. Resultatet visade på utmaningar i det palliativa mötet, i kommunikationen, kulturell kompetens och kulturella utmaningar med patienter från en annan kulturell etnicitet. I det palliativa mötet framkom det att ordet palliativ inte har någon tydlig översättning inom flera olika språk och kulturer, vilket försvårade för sjuksköterskan och teamets i deras arbete. Kommunikation visade att det var svårt att göra ett bra arbete när man multidisciplinärt team varken kunde förmedla eller få korrekt tolkad information gällande sjukdomen, symtom eller förlopp till patienten. En kulturell medvetenhet var av stor betydelse samt vikten av att en god kulturell kompetens inom hela teamet var av stor vikt för att kunna bemöta och ge dessa patienter från en annan kulturell etnicitet i palliativt skede och deras närstående en god vård. Slutsats: Det framkom att både sjuksköterskan och teamet upplevde svårigheter med att möta och vårda patienter från en annan kulturell etnicitet och deras närstående på grund av kommunikationshinder och kulturella skillnaderna. Resultatet påvisade också att det fanns stora brister i kommunikationen både gällande den språkliga delen och uttrycksdelen men att även den kulturella delen brister. Kunskaper gällande religion och kultur hos personalen samt teamet runt omkring patienten är otillräcklig.Background: In society today with the globalization and increased immigration from other countries, different individuals and groups who do not have the same outlook on life, beliefs or values interact. This creates an increased need for palliative care that is significantly more culturally sensitive, where the nurse and the multidisciplinary team can respond to both patients from another cultural ethnicity at a palliative stage and their relatives in a nonjudgmental way. Conflicts and ethical difficulties in the care of these patients may have a negative effect on the last days of life. Aim: The purpose is to shed light on the nurse and the multidisciplinary team's challenges in the meeting with patients from another cultural ethnicity in a palliative phase. Method: The study is conducted as an inductive literature review. Fifteen articles were included, and a thematic content analysis was performed according to Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry. Results: Four main themes were formulated in the result. The result showed challenges in the palliative encounter, in communication, cultural competence and cultural challenges with patients from another cultural ethnicity. In the palliative meeting, it emerged that the word palliative doesn`t have a clear translation in several different languages and cultures, which made it difficult for the nurse and the team in their work. Communication showed that it was difficult to do a good job when a multidisciplinary team could neither convey nor get correctly interpreted information regarding the disease, symptoms or course to the patient. A cultural awareness was of great importance and the importance of good cultural competence within the entire team was of great importance to be able to meet and give these patients from another cultural ethnicity in the palliative care stage and their relatives a good care. Conclusion: It emerged that both the nurse and the team experienced difficulties in meeting and caring for patients from another cultural ethnicity and their relatives due to communication barriers and cultural differences. The results also showed that there were major shortcomings in the communication, in terms of the linguistic part and the expressive part, but that the cultural part was also short. Knowledge regarding religion and culture of the staff and the team around the patient is insufficient.
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Mitchell, Annette Kathy Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Informal and formal caring strategies of female carers in two CALD communities." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41448.
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This study, completed in 2008, aims to address gaps in the literature on caring concerning the reluctance of CALD communities in Australia to use formal care. It hypothesises that broader cultural considerations, rather than merely language barriers and lack of information, are responsible for the preference of CALD communities for informal care. The literature on caring, mediated by certain aspects of Bourdieu??s habitus, is employed as a conceptual framework to analyse the informal and formal strategies employed by carers from the Italian and Greek speaking communities. The study concludes that habitus, informed by cultural factors, influences both the means of access to formal care and the type of formal care acceptable to these communities but differs between communities and between generations within each community. However,second and third order influences can lead to modification of habitus and caring strategies
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Sultan, Arwa. "Vitamin D and Depression in Women of Reproductive Age: Exploring Women’s Use of Vitamin D and Vitamin Supplements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24787.
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Background
Vitamin supplements are commonly used in women of reproductive age. There is a range of vitamin supplements such as iron, folate, vitamin B and vitamin D that are used. Deficiencies in vitamin D can result in adverse health outcomes, such as exacerbation of asthma and fractures. Some studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with increases in depressive symptoms and severity. These associations need further exploration to ascertain confirmation, with more vigorous research.
Furthermore, there has been limited research on the reasons behind vitamin supplement use in women of reproductive age who originate from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations. These need further exploration to examine the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women regarding vitamin supplement use.
Aims and Objectives
Aims: To explore vitamin supplements use in women of reproductive age in terms of their beliefs, attitudes and practices particularly in CALD communities, with a focus on vitamin D and its potential role in depression in women of reproductive age.
Objectives: 1) To investigate any association of vitamin D deficiency with depression in women of reproductive age. 2) To examine whether vitamin D supplementation results in a decrease depressive symptoms and severity. 3) To explore the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age, including those from CALD backgrounds, in relation to vitamin supplement use. 4) To explore the beliefs, attitudes and practices of CALD women regarding the Hijab and vitamin D.
Content of this thesis
This thesis is made up of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains the background. The challenges identified in Chapter 1 led to the exploration of the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age via a systematic review in Chapter 2. The qualitative study in Chapter 3 describes the factors behind the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age in terms of vitamin supplement use. Lastly Chapter 4 presents general discussion and conclusions from the work described in this thesis.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement checklist (Chapter 2). A systematic search strategy was deployed in ten databases including Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, International pharmaceutical abstracts, Maternal and infant care, EBM ALL, Global health, and PubMed to identify primary studies that met eligibility criteria.
A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was undertaken to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age. A semi-structured interview guide was developed and applied to facilitate the interview. Participants were recruited through advertisements in pharmacies, medical centres and community centres as well as via the distribution of flyers across a large university campus in Sydney, through social media, word of mouth and snowball sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved and data was analysed. NVivo12 Plus Qualitative Data Analysis software (QSR International Pty Ltd. Version 12, 2019) was used to analyse the emerging themes. Initial codes were highlighted and organised into general themes and sub-themes, which were reviewed and refined.
Results
Chapter 2
Systematic review identified a total of 2377 studies through comprehensive search and search of cited references. After removing duplicates and based on title and abstract screening, 128 studies remained. Full text review yielded 21 observational studies (11 cohort studies and 10 cross-sectional studies) that assessed the association between vitamin D deficiency and depression and two intervention studies (two RCTs) that investigated women of reproductive age of 15-49 years in US, Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Europe, Middle East and South America.
Two cohort studies that showed no difference in depression scores in relation to vitamin D, while 9 other cohort studies reported that after measuring participants’ depression scores and vitamin D level over time, lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher depression scores. Similarly, there were two cross sectional studies that did not find an association between vitamin D level and depression scores. However, eight other cross-sectional studies showed that low vitamin D levels were linked with higher depression scores.
One RCT did not find any improvement in depression symptoms and severity based on the supplementation of vitamin D used. Another RCT showed a reduction in depression scores compared to controls.
Chapter 3
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 women aged 19-49 years old, all from CALD backgrounds. The beliefs, attitudes and practices regarding the use of vitamin supplements of women from CALD backgrounds were explored.
Thematic analysis generated four main themes: 1) health literary 2) cultural factors that influence vitamin supplement use 3) life circumstances and 4) women’s perception of health outcomes.
Health literacy and information sources were key factors that affected women’s decision-making about taking vitamin supplements; and sources such as Google were heavily relied upon. Moreover, cultural factors greatly influenced women’s initiation of vitamin supplement therapy. There were discrepancies regarding the impact of wearing the Hijab on vitamin D status and more research in this area is needed.
Conclusion
Prior to this research, there has been limited data on CALD women of reproductive age and their beliefs, attitudes and practices in terms of vitamin supplement usage. This body of research was the first to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age particularly from CALD backgrounds. Furthermore, it was also one of the few studies around the world that examined the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age.
Findings from this body of work demonstrated the reoccurring themes that shaped women’s beliefs, attitudes and practices towards vitamin supplement use specifically include health literacy, cultural factors, life circumstances and women’s perception of health outcomes. This study also ascertained that CALD women of reproductive age had differing levels of health literacy and use of a range of information sources. This study also highlighted differing views regarding the practice of Hijab and rate of vitamin D supplementation. In addition, this study provides a basis for further studies to explore whether the practice of Hijab affects vitamin D levels, which has consequences for recommendations around vitamin D supplementation in countries where the Hijab is commonly worn.
There was an indication of an association between vitamin D deficiency and depression symptoms and severity from this research. However, the exact clinical association in terms of vitamin D being a causal factor in developing depression remains unclear. Supplementation with vitamin D that results in changing status from vitamin D deficient to vitamin D sufficient warrants further investigation, specifically to ascertain whether an optimal level is needed to achieve a reduction in depressive symptoms and severity.
Thesis overview
This thesis presents an analysis of previous research on the role of vitamin D deficiency in depression in women of reproductive age. It explores the role of supplementation with vitamin D on depression symptoms and severity. It also investigates the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age regarding their vitamin supplements usage. It examines the motivations behind usage in women particularly those from CALD backgrounds.
Rationale for this study
Vitamin D deficiency is common throughout the world, including Australia which has ample sunlight all year round. Low vitamin D status has been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, one of which is depression (1). Consensus around the optimal level of vitamin D for women of reproductive age remains to be reached. It is critical to establish if a relationship between vitamin D levels and depression exists and what that relationship is in women of reproductive age. In order to evaluate this association, a systematic review of past studies was undertaken to examine the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age. This is further discussed in Chapter 2 of this thesis.
Similarly, vitamin supplementation use has grown in the last decade worldwide and in Australia (2). This may be due to increased advertising and availability, cultural influences, affordability and increase in the use of social media platforms. It is important to understand the beliefs, attitudes and cultural practices especially in women of reproductive age, around their use of vitamin supplements. In order to explore this research question, a qualitative study was undertaken to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age from CALD backgrounds. This is further discussed in Chapter 3 of this thesis.
Research aim, objectives and research questions
The overall aim of this project was to explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age, with a focus on CALD communities as well as investigating vitamin D and its possible association with depression in women of reproductive age.
The specific objectives of this research were to:
• Evaluate the effect of vitamin D status on depression and depressive symptoms.
• Explore the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age, particularly in women of CALD backgrounds, with a particular focus on vitamin D
• Describe the beliefs, attitudes, and practices of women of reproductive age, particularly women from CALD backgrounds, regarding vitamin supplement use.
The research questions were:
• Does vitamin D deficiency affect depression and depressive symptoms?
• What level of vitamin D is needed to decrease depression severity and symptoms?
• What level of vitamin D supplementation is required to increase level of vitamin D in order to decrease depression severity and symptoms?
• What factors are involved when women of reproductive age initiate vitamin supplement use?
• What are the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women of reproductive age around vitamin supplement use?
• What are the beliefs and attitudes and practices of women from CALD backgrounds regarding vitamin supplement use?
• What are the beliefs and practices of women from CALD backgrounds regarding the Hijab and its possible connection with vitamin D deficiency?
Significance
This research will contribute to the expanding body of knowledge related to vitamin D deficiency and depression as well as exploring vitamin supplement use in women of reproductive age particularly those from CALD backgrounds. It is the first study to systematically evaluate the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age and explore the use of vitamin supplements in CALD women of reproductive age in Australia. This study complements current understanding of the links between vitamin D and depression as well as the differences in the beliefs, attitudes and practices of women from CALD backgrounds regarding vitamin supplement use.
Considering existing evidence, public health interventions to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women of reproductive age in Australia are required, in addition to increasing awareness regarding the optimal vitamin D status in order to decrease the risk of depression and depressive symptoms. The identification of several motivating factors associated with vitamin supplement use in women of reproductive age and in particular those from CALD backgrounds is an important first step in future programs of public health research aimed at identifying and targeting culturally appropriate health related information that aides decision making when it comes to vitamin supplement use.
This thesis investigates women’s use of vitamin supplements, vitamin D and its possible association with depression in women of reproductive age. The first chapter provides background information on vitamin supplements, vitamin D, depression and population characteristics. The second chapter examines the effect of vitamin D on depression in women of reproductive age in the form of a systematic review. The third chapter explores the use of vitamin supplements in women of reproductive age and in particular, women from CALD backgrounds through a qualitative study. The fourth chapter discusses the significance of all the findings, future research directions and conclusions.
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Johnstone, Sarah. "Enhancing ecologies of care for CALD women through care-full creative engagement." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213223/1/Sarah_Johnstone_Thesis.pdf.
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Settlement conditions in Australia for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) women are challenging. Despite an abundance of social services within the multicultural city of Logan, CALD women experience several social issues that impact their wellbeing. This study explores a creative engagement methodology to foster social connection and ecologies of care for CALD women. Findings reveal that the ecology of care in Logan is complex, hierarchical, fragmented, and difficult to navigate. The study, involving a series of creative interventions, demonstrates the potential benefits for creative engagement to enhance individual ecologies of care, and provides direction for designing more inclusive engagement practices.
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Alzayer, Reem. "ASTHMA MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE AMONG CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE (CALD) PEOPLE IN AUSTRALIA." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23524.
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Background: Asthma management among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients with asthma in Australia can be influenced by many factors, such as language barriers, cultural beliefs, socioeconomic status (SES) and lack of asthma education. Methods: The four studies were Semi-structured interviews guided by a schedule of questions, two of them were conducted with Arabic-speaking women with asthma\carer of a child with asthma in Australia and Saudi with asthma\carer of a child with asthma in Saudi Arabia respectively, the other two studies were conducted with healthcare professionals (HCPs) from medical practices in Australia. Main findings: Linguistic and cultural barriers can affect CALD patients’ behaviour about using their medications. Asthma management can also be influenced by patients’ relationships with their HCPs, who face challenges in dealing with CALD patients due to stereotypes, unconscious biases, language barriers or lack of cultural competence training. In CALD patients, the lack of engagement with treatment, lack of asthma education and asthma action plans will lead to suboptimal asthma management. Similarly, pharmacists may fail to overcome linguistic and cultural barriers when dealing with CALD patients during consultations, CALD patients therefore will not gain the knowledge they need to control asthma symptoms. Conclusion: CALD people with asthma are struggling to manage their asthma, HCPs are facing difficulties dealing with CALD patients. To address these lacunae in the literature, this thesis took on research work that was exploratory so that issues, barriers and facilitators to culturally proficient asthma care in patients who are culturally and linguistically diverse could be uncovered and ways to address these forged for future research. Below is a chapter wise plan of the work presented in this thesis.
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Lee, Susan Kaye. "Alcohol, tobacco and other drug concerns of newly arrived 'CaLD' (culturally and linguistically diverse) women in Perth." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1590.
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Womens Health Services (WHS) in Perth provides medical services, counselling, information, community talks and workshops, referral, and outreach to women in Western Australia. WHS works with women from over sixty different nationalities, including many newly arrived migrants and refugees. New arrivals access a wide range of WHS programs, but at the time the current study was developed few ethnic women attend the alcohol and other drug (AOD) services offered by the organisation. To address this a needs assessment was conducted with newly arrived women (0 to 5 years in Australia). The needs assessment examined the use of alcohol and other drugs by newly arrived women, the barriers that prevent women from accessing alcohol and other drug (AOD) services and explored the types of services and programs newly arrived women wanted.Method. The needs assessment used both qualitative and quantitative methods. Twenty two service providers working with newly arrived migrant and humanitarian entrant women were either interviewed individually or attended a focus group. The views and experiences of 26 newly arrived women from a variety of culturally and linguistic backgrounds were also collected through one-on-one interviews (n=6) and through focus groups (n=5). The information gathered from these interviews and discussions informed the design of a questionnaire that was administered to 268 newly arrived women. All women participating in the project were 18 years of age or more, Australian citizens, permanent Australian residents or in the process of being granted permanent residency and had lived in Australia 5 years or less.Findings Regarding Tobacco and Alcohol Use. Australian cultural attitudes had had an impact on newly arrived women's alcohol and other drug use. Some impacts were positive, for example, increasing restrictions and the decrease in acceptability of smoking in public places along with strong educational messages about the risk of smoking had influenced some women to quit since coming to Australia. Unfortunately, not all Australian cultural attitudes had a positive impact on newly arrived women. Just under one third of the women (31.7%) who drank alcohol were drinking more alcohol since coming to Australia. Reasons for drinking more alcohol were varied and included alcohol being cheaper in Perth than in their own countries, socialising with Australians who drank alcohol, and using alcohol as a way of coping with stress. However, it is important to note that only a very small percentage of the newly arrived women participating in the needs assessment drank at levels considered risky or high risk for either short term or longer term harm. The vast majority of respondents surveyed did not smoke (n=207; 77.2%) and did not use alcohol (n=201; 76.1%), often due to cultural or religious reasons.Other Results. Other findings of the needs assessment included: • Over 21% of newly arrived women responding to the survey had been put in fear by some one under the influence of alcohol and/ or drugs. Nearly 17% of women responding to the survey had been verbally abused by some one under the influence of alcohol and/ or drugs. • More than one third of the women responding to the survey indicated that they wanted information and support on family violence. • Over 40% of the women responding to the survey wanted information and support for depression. • Forty women (14.9%) responding to the survey wanted support for husbands or children that were drinking too much alcohol.A surprising finding was the high level of interest in women's only exercise classes and opportunities to participate in other types of physical activity Two thirds of questionnaire respondents said that exercise was a priority for them. Subsequent feedback sessions with newly arrived women about the results of the needs assessment confirmed the need for opportunities to participate in a variety of physical activities in a safe, affordable, women only environment where childcare was available.Understandings of Alcohol and Other Drug Services. Participants in the study appeared to have a poor understanding of what AOD services were, different types of treatments and models that could be used, who was entitled to access them (not just the alcohol or other drug user), the associated costs and fees, and whether or not the police would become involved. There was a significant lack of understanding by service providers working with newly arrived women about eligibility to access alcohol and drug services and what assistance and support these agencies could provide either to women using alcohol and other drugs or to family and friends impacted by another's drug use. Few service providers asked their clients any questions about alcohol or other drug use on a regular basis.The findings from the needs assessment have been used to improve programs and services with newly arrived women at WHS. These have included the addition of a specific alcohol and other drugs program for women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with a focus on prevention activities as well as opportunities for newly arrived women to participate in a variety of physical activity classes.
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Almestarihi, Ra'd Nael Mohammad. "Examining Smoking Behaviour among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in Australia: A Social Marketing Perspective." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365368.
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Social marketing has been shown to be an effective approach in assisting people to quit smoking in a wide variety of contexts; including whole communities, segments of society, or entire populations (Stead et al., 2007). The anti-tobacco efforts in Australia have helped to lower tobacco consumption with annual declines in smoking rates across the entire population decreasing year on year (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). However, anti-tobacco interventions have been broadly focused on the general Australian population, of which the dominant majority are English speakers, and differences among population sub groups have largely been ignored. As a result, smoking rates within Australia’s culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) population remain high when compared to general population (Baker et al., 2006). Smoking quit rates have not declined at the same general rates as the rest of the Australian population with variations based on country of birth clearly apparent (Scollo & Winstanley, 2012). Consequently, this thesis aimed to examine how social marketing could be more effectively applied to Australia’s CALD communities.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Penfold, Carol. "Is the Canterbury Partnership Community Health Worker project fulfilling its original intention?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10859.
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Abstract
The original intention for the Partnership Community Worker (PCW) project in 2006 was for it to be an extension of the Pegasus Health General Practice and furthermore to be a bridge between the community and primary healthcare. It was believed that a close working relationship between the Practice Nurse and the PCW would help the target population of Māori, Pacifica and low income people to address and overcome their perceived barriers to healthcare which included: finance, transport, anxiety, cultural issues, communication, or lack of knowledge.
Seven years later although the PCW project has been deemed a success in the Canterbury District Health Board annual reports (2013-14) and community and government agencies, including the Christchurch Resettlement Service (2012), many of the Pegasus Health General Practices have not utilised the project to its full extent, hence the need for this research.
I was interested in finding out in the first instance if the model had changed and, if so why, and in the second instance if the promotional material currently distributed by Pegasus Health Primary Health Organisation reflected the daily practice of the PCW. A combination of methods were used including: surveys to the Pegasus Health General Practices, interviews with PCWs, interviews with managers of both the PCW host organisations and referring agencies to the PCW project. All the questions asked of all the participants in this research were focussed on their own perception of the role of the PCW.
Results showed that the model has changed and although the publications were not reflecting the original intention of the project they did reflect the daily practice of the PCWs who are now struggling to meet much wider community expectations and needs.
Key Results:
Partnership Community Worker (PCW) interviews: Seventeen PCWs of the 19 employed were interviewed face to face. A number expressed interest in more culturally specific training and some are pursuing qualifications in social work; for many pay parity is an issue. In addition, many felt overwhelmed by the expectations around clients with mental health issues and housing issues now, post-earthquakes.
Medical Practice surveys: Surveys were sent to eighty-two Pegasus Health medical practices and of these twenty five were completed. Results showed the full capacity of the PCW role was not clearly understood by all with many believing it was mostly a transport service. Those who did understand the full complexity of the role were very satisfied with the outcomes.
PCW Host Community Manager Interviews: Of the ten out of twelve managers interviewed, some wished for more communication with Pegasus Health management because they felt aspects of both the PCW role and their own role as managers had become blurred over time.
Referring organisations: Fifteen of the fifty referring community or government organisations participated. The overall satisfaction of the service was high and some acknowledged the continuing need for PCWs to be placed in communities where they were well known and trusted.
Moreover results also showed that both the Canterbury earthquakes 2010-2011 and the amalgamation of Partnership Health PHO and Pegasus Health Charitable Limited in 2013 have contributed to the change of the model. Further future research may also be needed to examine the long term effects on the people of Canterbury involved in community work during the 2011-2014 years.
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Deshpande, Vaibhavi. "Using Social Media for Mandarin-speaking and Arabic-speaking Communities in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28895.
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This research aims to understand the challenges for government and community workers in communicating information about COVID-19 to Mandarin- and Arabic-speaking communities after the outbreak of the pandemic. The study, focused between March 2020 and July 2021, argues that government staff and bilingual community workers acted as intermediaries who addressed the cultural and linguistic needs of these communities. I discuss how offline and online social networks enhanced peoples’ health literacy and media literacy, working with Bourdieu’s (1986) concepts of social capital and cultural capital. Recognising the importance of communities’ uses of digital and online media, I adopt Ragnedda’s (2018) theory that a community’s digital capital is an independent resource. In this study, I conducted semi-structured interviews online via Zoom with staff from a local health district of the NSW Department of Health and bilingual community workers from these communities who were tasked with distributing COVID-19 information. I found that bilingual community workers were an essential resource for communication with the communities. The intermediaries reported that reasonable health literacy and media literacy could empower the communities in identifying reliable information and countering misinformation. A key finding of this research was that digital competencies for both the health staff and community members were important in dealing with the health emergency of COVID-19. This aligns with Ragnedda’s (2018) argument that digital capital should be considered as an independent form of capital that can be converted into social capital and cultural capital. While the intermediaries were able to capitalise on the existing three forms of capital to an extent, they nevertheless indicated the need for enhanced health, media, and digital literacy for communities.
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Lucca, Rinaldo Tessuti de. "Avaliação de programas CADD no setor de projeto arquitetônico: etapas legais de projeto." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18131/tde-28082003-100143/.
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Esta dissertação aborda o processo de implantação das tecnologias CAD/CADD nos escritórios de arquitetura no Brasil a partir dos anos 80, analisando avaliações já realizadas sobre estes programas, identificando também as necessidades da produção do projeto arquitetônico, estabelecendo critérios mínimos para o arquiteto escolher seu programa CAD/CADD.To choose the CAD/CADD softwares is one of the gratest dificult that architects hava nodaways. The brazilian architects use these softwares since the 80's, but in the begginings the draws was a crafmanship because the real use of the software was still obscure. Decide for a software, its the real problem that architects have to face. Which one to use, how and way. This process is lone, hard and sometimes expensive. How to introduce the tecnology, analysing the evaluation that have been done about the architecture softwares of CADD and also identify the process, point the basic needs in an architect design is what this master science is about.
Books on the topic "CALD"
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Davies, Owen. CALD: Computer aided lighting design. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2000.
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Poonacha, Veena. Responses to domestic violence in Australia: Initiatives for Indian and other culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD). Mumbai: Research Centre for Women's Studies, S.N.D.T. Women's University, 2008.
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Raḥīm, S̲āqibah. Dosto cale calo: Baccon̲ ke liʼe kahāniyān̲. Rāvalpinḍī: S̲. Raḥīmuddīn, 1990.
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Vasishtha, Visranta. Calo, Dilli calo. S.I: DK Agencies, 2008.
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ill, DeLange Alex Pardo, ed. Sip, slurp, soup, soup caldo, caldo, caldo. Houston, TX: Piñata Books, 1996.
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Cand yāden̲, cand tāas̲s̲urāt. Lāhaur: Sang-i Mīl Pablīkeshanz, 2011.
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Cestkowski, Gerald P. Jerry Cestkowski's encyclopedia of playing card flourishes. Denver: Printmeister Press, 2002.
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Longe, Bob. Great card tricks. New York: Sterling Publ.,Co., 1995.
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Easy card tricks. New York: Sterling Pub. Co., 1995.
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Waldner, Liz. Call. San Diego: Meow Press, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "CALD"
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Kong, Eric, Sue Bishop, and Eddy Iles. "Social Enterprise and CALD Refugee Settlement Experience." In Social Capital and Enterprise in the Modern State, 203–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68115-3_10.
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Sallis, Richard, and Carol Carter. "Drama for cultural and linguistic diversity (CALD)." In The Routledge Companion to Drama in Education, 413–26. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003000914-45.
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Golde, Celine van, Jane Tudor-Owen, and David Gee. "Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) and First Nations suspects." In Interviewing Vulnerable Suspects, 80–88. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145998-14.
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Taibi, Mustapha, Pranee Liamputtong, and Michael Polonsky. "Impact of translated health information on CALD older people’s health literacy." In Multicultural Health Translation, Interpreting and Communication, 138–58. New York, NY : Routledge, [2019] | Series: Routledge studies in empirical translation and multilingual communication ; 3: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351000390-7.
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Buscaldi, Davide, Paolo Rosso, and Francesco Masulli. "Integrating Conceptual Density with WordNet Domains and CALD Glosses for Noun Sense Disambiguation." In Advances in Natural Language Processing, 183–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30228-5_17.
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Leyton Zamora, Carolina, Jennifer Boddy, Patrick O’Leary, and Jianqiang Liang. "Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Women’s Experiences of Technology-Facilitated Violence: An Intersectional Approach." In The Palgrave Handbook of Gendered Violence and Technology, 115–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83734-1_7.
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Kiisel, Ty. "They Call It a Credit Card for a Reason." In Getting a Business Loan, 119–27. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4999-3_12.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Calk." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 112. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1860.
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Zeller, Bernhard, and Margrit Zeller. "Calw." In Städte in alter Zeit, 39–43. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03295-9_7.
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Lerner, Jaime. "Cali." In Urban Acupuncture, 17–19. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-584-7_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "CALD"
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Croteau, André, Huimin Zheng, Pierre Laperle, Claude Paré, Mathieu Drolet, Steeve Morency, Yves Taillon, and Antoine Proulx. "Fabrication method for LMA multi-cald Yb-doped silica PM fibers." In Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications (WSOF-10), edited by Juan Hernández-Cordero, Ismael Torres-Gómez, and Alexis Méndez. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.867095.
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Wen, Sheng, Weijia Jia, Wei Zhou, Wanlei Zhou, and Chuan Xu. "CALD: Surviving Various Application-Layer DDoS Attacks That Mimic Flash Crowd." In 2010 4th International Conference on Network and System Security (NSS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss.2010.69.
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Pham, Thi Thu Le. "357 Examining the outcomes of self-harm in CALD communities: insights from data linkage." In 14th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2022) abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-safety2022.158.
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Pham, Thi Thu Le. "174 Intentional self-harm in CALD communities:a study of hospital admissions in Victoria, Australia." In 14th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2022) abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-safety2022.79.
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Şerban, Gh. "The effect of the silting phenomenon on the characteristic volumes and the lake basins in the Someşul Cald reservoirs cascade system." In RISK ANALYSIS 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/risk080051.
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Qaqish, Ra’ed, and Raid Hanna. "The Impact of CAL Strategies on CAD." In CAADRIA 1997. CAADRIA, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.475.
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Qaqish, Ra’ed, and Raid Hanna. "The Impact of CAL Strategies on CAD." In CAADRIA 1997. CAADRIA, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.1997.475.
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Zhou, H., Y. Q. Lu, W. D. Li, S. Lin, J. Y. H. Fuh, Y. S. Wong, and Z. M. Qiu. "The Collaboration Abstraction Layer for Distributed CAD Development." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48280.
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In order to speed up the development of distributed CAD (DCAD) software applications and offer the end-users a friendly environment for collaborative design, Collaboration Abstraction Layer (CAL) is proposed. CAL aims to develop a pluggable software module that can be embedded into standalone CAD applications. Through summarizing and abstracting out the common characteristics of distributed CAD software, a set of foundation/helper classes for the important collaborative functionalities are enclosed in CAL, which include a 3D streaming service, a collaborative design management service, a constraint checking/solving service and a file versioning/baseline service. The 3D streaming service incorporates a geometrical simplification algorithm that supports selective refinement on level of details (LOD) model and a compact data structure represented in an XML format. The collaborative management service effectively schedules and manages a co-design job. The constraint checking/solving service, which composes of a design task dispatch interface, a collision detection algorithm, and an assembly constraint algorithm, coordinates designing and assembling based on constraints. The CAD file versioning/baseline service is to manage the history record of the CAD files and the milestones in the collaborative development process. By simulating the real collaborative design process, CAL designs a new collaboration mechanism which is different from most collaboration products in market. For the future potential development, CAL is built on an open-sourced software toolkit. It is coded to interfaces and kernel libraries so as to provide an immutable API for commonly used collaborative CAD functions. CAL enables rapid development of DCAD software, and minimizes application complexity by packaging the needed technology. Moreover, CAL is intending to be a partner to the current CAD software, not competitor, making it an ideal tool for future distributed CAD system development.
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Wiegers, Tjamme, and Joris S. M. Vergeest. "Extraction of CAD Tool Requirements From Industry and From Experimental Design Projects." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21144.
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Abstract In spite of the advances of current CAD systems, the conceptual phases of design still suffer from lack of appropriate support tools. Contemporary research toward design support and automation puts substantial effort into the development of improved Computer-Aided Conceptual Design (CACD) and Computer-Aided Industrial Design (CAID) systems, both by industrial R&D and by science academia. However, there are indications that some of the persistent problems can only be solved if we more deeply understand what the requirements for the tools are. We extracted these requirements from two sources, from practicing designers in industry based on an inquiry, and from data generated in experimental design processes. The inquiry indicated that improved CAD tools for conceptual design were lacking and would be welcomed if they were available. It was also explicitly revealed that even in the earliest phase of conceptual design, the enforcing of constraints to the designed shape was rated as crucial, besides an unlimited freedom of shape modeling as, e.g. offered by virtual claying. In general, a computer-based, early evaluation and analysis of design alternatives was ranked as the most urgent type of tool that should be developed. Analysis of the protocol data from the design experiments revealed two items. First, the technical quality of the designs obtained by the test subjects suffered from a lack of intermediate evaluation. Second, the subjects often neglected to utilize an evaluation tool when it was provided. From the extracted requirements we were able to derive recommendations for the research into better CACD tools. We also present some recent results that we obtained when we followed the recommendations.
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Wang, Qiang, and Ling Lu. "Design and Implementation of a Call Center in IC Card Management System." In 2010 Second International Conference on Multimedia and Information Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmit.2010.20.
Full textReports on the topic "CALD"
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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Watsen, K. NETCONF Call Home and RESTCONF Call Home. RFC Editor, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8071.
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Bentley, Jenn A. Automatic Calf Feeder Field Day Enhances Calf Management. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-352.
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Hegelberg, J. CALE Implementation Guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15005411.
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Haykin, Martha E., and Robert B. J. Warnar. Smart card technology. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.500-157.
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Utes, M. Port Card Moduel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032133.
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Vogel, Whitney. "To Call or Not to Call?" The Impact of Supervisor Training on Call Center Employee Attitudes and Well-Being. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7115.
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None, None. GPRA data call 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216560.
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Rinke, Helen Mae. Purchase Card Approver Training. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1427363.
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Graupman, D. Amplifier-Discriminator-Multiplexor card. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5898167.
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