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Kummer, Benjamin, Lubaina Shakir, Rachel Kwon, Joseph Habboushe, and Nathalie Jetté. "Usage Patterns of Web-Based Stroke Calculators in Clinical Decision Support: Retrospective Analysis." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): e28266. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28266.
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Background Clinical scores are frequently used in the diagnosis and management of stroke. While medical calculators are increasingly important support tools for clinical decisions, the uptake and use of common medical calculators for stroke remain poorly characterized. Objective We aimed to describe use patterns in frequently used stroke-related medical calculators for clinical decisions from a web-based support system. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of calculators from MDCalc, a web-based and mobile app–based medical calculator platform based in the United States. We analyzed metadata tags from MDCalc’s calculator use data to identify all calculators related to stroke. Using relative page views as a measure of calculator use, we determined the 5 most frequently used stroke-related calculators between January 2016 and December 2018. For all 5 calculators, we determined cumulative and quarterly use, mode of access (eg, app or web browser), and both US and international distributions of use. We compared cumulative use in the 2016-2018 period with use from January 2011 to December 2015. Results Over the study period, we identified 454 MDCalc calculators, of which 48 (10.6%) were related to stroke. Of these, the 5 most frequently used calculators were the CHA2DS2-VASc score for atrial fibrillation stroke risk calculator (5.5% of total and 32% of stroke-related page views), the Mean Arterial Pressure calculator (2.4% of total and 14.0% of stroke-related page views), the HAS-BLED score for major bleeding risk (1.9% of total and 11.4% of stroke-related page views), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score calculator (1.7% of total and 10.1% of stroke-related page views), and the CHADS2 score for atrial fibrillation stroke risk calculator (1.4% of total and 8.1% of stroke-related page views). Web browser was the most common mode of access, accounting for 82.7%-91.2% of individual stroke calculator page views. Access originated most frequently from the most populated regions within the United States. Internationally, use originated mostly from English-language countries. The NIHSS score calculator demonstrated the greatest increase in page views (238.1% increase) between the first and last quarters of the study period. Conclusions The most frequently used stroke calculators were the CHA2DS2-VASc, Mean Arterial Pressure, HAS-BLED, NIHSS, and CHADS2. These were mainly accessed by web browser, from English-speaking countries, and from highly populated areas. Further studies should investigate barriers to stroke calculator adoption and the effect of calculator use on the application of best practices in cerebrovascular disease.
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Wilson, W. Stephen, and Daniel Q. Naiman. "K-12 Calculator Usage and College Grades." Educational Studies in Mathematics 56, no. 1 (2004): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:educ.0000028405.03127.55.
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Milou, Eric. "The Graphing Calculator: A Survey of Classroom Usage." School Science and Mathematics 99, no. 3 (March 1999): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1999.tb17461.x.
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Dion, Gloria, Anne Harvey, Carol Jackson, Patricia Klag, Jinghua Liu, and Craig Wright. "A Survey of Calculator Usage in High Schools." School Science and Mathematics 101, no. 8 (December 2001): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2001.tb17878.x.
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Pagni, David L. "Calculator Usage at the Middle School Level: A National Survey." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 20, no. 1 (September 1991): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jyqd-kb14-539l-2pry.
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LaCour, Mark, Norma G. Cantú, and Tyler Davis. "When calculators lie: A demonstration of uncritical calculator usage among college students and factors that improve performance." PLOS ONE 14, no. 10 (October 30, 2019): e0223736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223736.
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Jayalakshmi, M., G. Prasadbabu, B. H. Chaithanya, A. Lavanya, and T. Srinivas. "Usages of Mobile Application Developed by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Banavasi." Indian Journal of Extension Education 58, no. 1 (2022): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2022.58116.
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A survey was conducted to assess the impact of mobile applications developed by theKrishiVigyan Kendra Banavasi with 150 farmers in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh inthe year 2020. KVK Banavasi developed three mobile applications namely ANGRAU-ATARI CFLD, ANGRAU Pashu Poshan and Fertilizer Calculator for benefiting farmingcommunity. Majority (64.67%) of the respondents were found in medium usage of mobileapplications, in agriculture. Fertilizer Calculator mobile application was found highest usage(74.50%) among the farmers when compared with other two applications. ANGRAUATATRI CFLD application was used by an average of 46.83 per cent farmers forinformation on new improved varieties, 75 % for control measures of pest and diseasesand 29 per cent for market related information. ANGRAU Pashu Poshan application wasused by 75 per cent livestock farmers for sheep management, 56 per cent for cattlemanagement and 45 per cent for poultry related information. Fertilizer calculator applicationwas used by 80 per cent farmers for recommended dose of fertilizers and 10 per cent forsoil test based fertilizer application.
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Hussin, Nor Hafizah, Siti Haryanti Hairol Anuar, Khairum Hamzah, Mohd Fariduddin Mukhtar, and Irianto. "The Dependency of Engineering Technology Student’s towards the Usage of Calculator in Mathematics." MATEC Web of Conferences 87 (December 12, 2016): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20178704003.
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King, Samuel, and Carol Robinson. "Do undergraduate students view calculator usage as a proxy for learning with understanding?" British Journal of Educational Technology 43, no. 3 (April 18, 2012): E90—E92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01289.x.
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Moss, Stephanie R., Kathryn A. Martinez, Cassandra Nathan, Elizabeth R. Pfoh, and Michael B. Rothberg. "Physicians' Views on Utilization of an Electronic Health Record–Embedded Calculator to Assess Risk for Venous Thromboembolism among Medical Inpatients: A Qualitative Study." TH Open 06, no. 01 (January 2022): e33-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742227.
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Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes preventable in-hospital morbidity. Pharmacologic prophylaxis reduces VTE in at-risk patients but also increases bleeding. To increase appropriate prescribing, a risk calculator to guide prophylaxis decisions was developed. Despite efforts to promote its use, providers accessed it infrequently. Objective This study aimed to understand provider perspectives on VTE prophylaxis and facilitators and barriers to using the risk calculator. Design This is a qualitative study exploring provider perspectives on VTE prophylaxis and the VTE risk calculator. Participants We interviewed attending physicians and advanced practice providers who used the calculator, and site champions who promoted calculator use. Providers were categorized by real-world usage over a 3-month period: low (<20% of the time), moderate (20–50%), or high (>50%). Approach During semistructured interviews, we asked about experiences with VTE, calculator use, perspectives on its implementation, and experiences with other risk assessment tools. Once thematic saturation was reached, transcripts were analyzed using content analysis to identify themes. Results Fourteen providers participated. Five were high utilizers, three were moderate utilizers, and six were low utilizers. Three site champions participated. Eight major themes were identified as follows: (1) ease of use, (2) perception of VTE risk, (3) harms of thromboprophylaxis, (4) overestimation of calculator use, (5) confidence in own ability, (6) underestimation of risk by calculator, (7) variability of trust in calculator, and (8) validation to withhold prophylaxis from low-risk patients. Conclusions While providers found the calculator is easy to use, routine use may be hindered by distrust of its recommendations. Inaccurate perception of VTE and bleeding risk may prevent calculator use.
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Hasnain, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Hamza, Muhammad Faisal Javaid, and Amina Tariq. "Evaluation of Post-OP Complications using Risk Assessment Tool; Attitude of Surgeons." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): 740–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164740.
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Objective: Current study was designed to assess the attitude of surgeons towards the use of surgical risk assessment tools in Sargodha. Method: This study was of descriptive crossectional nature. It was a survey based study conducted in a 4 tertiary care hospitals of Sargodha. Data of 30 surgeons was collected using a questionnaire. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to interpret results. Results: The usage of online risk calculator was never used by majority of surgeons (83.33%). Risk assessment is always based on prior experience (76.67%). Evaluation of risk assessment based on existing literature is always practiced by 53.33% surgeons. Conclusion: majority of surgeons are not using risk assessment calculator in surgical settings. They are focusing on prior experience based assessment of post-op complications. The briefing time given by surgeon to the patients while communicating their risk assessment is very less which should be maintained by the hospital management. Keywords: Risk Assessment, Post-op Complications, Surgeons, Infections
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Rohsiswatmo, Rinawati, Hardya Gustada Hikmahrachim, Dinarda Ulf Nadobudskaya, Sonia Miyajima Anjani, and Albert You. "Sepsis calculator to support antibiotic stewardship in early-onset neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis." Paediatrica Indonesiana 58, no. 6 (December 13, 2018): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.6.2018.286-97.
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Background Establishing a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is difficult. As such, appropriate timing of antibiotic therapy remains the biggest challenge. As a consequence of non-definitive diagnoses, inappropriate antibiotic administration is common. Recently, a sepsis calculator to estimate risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) based on both maternal risk factors and infants’ clinical presentation was established.
Objective To determine the impact of the sepsis calculator in daily clinical settings, especially with regards to antibiotic usage.
Methods A literature search of Pubmed, EBSCO, Embase, and Scopus database from January 2011 (after sepsis calculator was established) to June 2018 was performed. We included observational studies that compared the sepsis calculator to recent neonatal sepsis guidelines in terms of antibiotic administration, blood culture, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The literature search, validation study, and assessment risk of bias were done independently by our four authors, while the first author did the statistical analysis.
Results Of the 35 studies identified, 5 cohort studies met the criteria, with a total sample size of 18,352 infants from various countries. We developed a fixed-effect meta analysis of the data. The use of the sepsis calculator significantly reduced inappropriate use of antibiotics [RR 0.46; 95%CI 0.41 to 0.51; z=13.57; P<0.001], blood culture sampling [RR 0.46; 95%CI 0.40 to 0.52; z=12.11; P<0.001), and higher neonatal care level admissions [RR 0.68; 95%CI 0.59 to 0.78); z=5.47; P<0.001). No safety issues were reported from studies using the sepsis calculator.
Conclusion The new EOS risk estimation using a neonatal sepsis calculator is an easy, effective, and safe tool to improve appropriate antibiotic use and outcomes. This calculator is ready to be implemented in all levels of neonatal care units.
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Szigeti, Cecília, Zoltán Major, Dániel Róbert Szabó, and Áron Szennay. "The Ecological Footprint of Construction Materials—A Standardized Approach from Hungary." Resources 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12010015.
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Due to the large volume and mass of materials used, the construction industry is one of the sectors with the highest environmental impact. However, to provide good quality, affordable, and low-energy housing, the business case must be maintained. Accordingly, we aimed to develop and test a calculator to measure the ecological footprint of the embodied carbon in materials used in construction projects in a standardized way, without the need for environmental or even civil engineering expertise, and thus in a way that is accessible to SMEs. The novelty of our research is that although there are calculators for measuring the environmental impact (e.g., carbon footprint) of the construction industry, and there is a methodology for calculating the ecological footprint of construction, there is no free, easy-to-use, online calculator for calculating the ecological footprint of embodied carbon in materials available to all enterprises. In other words, this approach extends our previously developed corporate ecological footprint calculator with the environmental impacts of material usage. The study summarises the baseline research for an ecological footprint calculator, tested on two new condominium buildings and the energy renovation of five condominium buildings, built with a prefabricated technology typical in Hungary and other post-socialist countries. Based on our results and in accordance with former literature sources, most of the ecological footprint of new construction projects is determined by materials with high mass and volume, in particular, concrete, steel, and masonry; so it is not necessary to take into account all construction materials in a calculator in a detailed way. We also conclude that renovation and ongoing maintenance, as well as preservation, are recommended for structurally sound buildings, as embodied carbon in materials in the case of an energy upgrade of an existing condominium building has an environmental impact of 0.3–0.8 global hectares per dwelling, depending on the technical content, while in the construction of a new building, this value is between 10.49–14.22 global hectares. Our results can help investors and clients in their decisions, and policymakers in determining urban development directions.
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Fischer, Ashley, Michael Colin Mowrer, Shelly Shallat, Lucas Walker, and Jaclyn Shallat. "Ensuring a Locally Tailored Response to Early Onset Sepsis Screening Meets or Exceeds the Performance of Published Approaches." Hospital Pediatrics 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2020-0153.
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BACKGROUND: Evaluation of well-appearing neonates for early-onset sepsis (EOS) remains controversial. Multiple risk stratification approaches are currently used for the evaluation of EOS. Our aim was to quantify and compare frequency of laboratory evaluation and empirical antibiotics between published and local EOS approaches. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 8240 infants born ≥35 + 0/7 weeks’ gestation at an institution from October 1, 2014, to March 1, 2018. Excluded from analysis were 156 patients who exhibited either major congenital anomalies or required antibiotics for surgical issues. A total of 1680 patient charts with risk factors for EOS were reviewed for further demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory results, and probable recommendations from 4 EOS risk assessment approaches. RESULTS: Laboratory evaluation recommendation was 7.1% for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010 guidelines and local 2016 EOS algorithm, 6% for local 2019 EOS algorithm, and 5.9% for Kaiser Permanente neonatal EOS calculator (neonatal EOS calculator). Antibiotic recommendation was 6% for 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, 4.3% for neonatal EOS calculator, and 3.3% for local 2016 and 2019 EOS algorithms. CONCLUSIONS: Of the 4 approaches reviewed, the local 2019 EOS algorithm and the neonatal EOS calculator were similar in recommending the lowest frequency of laboratory evaluation and the local 2016 and 2019 EOS algorithms had the lowest recommended antibiotic usage in this population.
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Kotova, D. P., S. V. Kotov, M. Yu Gilyarov, and V. S. Shemenkova. "PREDICTION SCORE IN SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS ESTIMATION IN THE PRACTICE OF INTERNIST." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 17, no. 2 (April 20, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2018-2-75-80.
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Recently, development of medicine leads to the increase of the number and complexity of surgical interventions, explaining high significance of the risk assessments for postsurgical complications and probability of fatal outcome; this requires participation of internist in patients management with correction of therapy. The article is focused on the main scores and indexes utilized in clinical practice for prediction of possible complications, incl. cardial. A detailed description provided, for every calculator, features and limitations for usage and results interpretation.
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Nieto-Ortega, Eduardo, Diana Ali Macedo-Falcon, and Alberto N. Peón. "Calculadora de riesgo de progresión a hospitalización por COVID-19, enfermedad crítica y muerte. Estudio retrospectivo observacional." Revista de la Sociedad Española de Beneficencia 3, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46295/3:2.protcalc.
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COVID-19 pandemics has spread at a fast rate worldwide, producing multiple collapses in the healthcare system worldwide. In such setting, the correct priorization of regular hospital beds and intensive care unit beds is mandatory in order to save more lives and optimize resource usage. Currently, some specific online calculators are available, and prognostic clinical scores like NEWS and SOFA have been repurposed to evaluate potential for disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Nonetheless, the predictive value of these tools has been low in practice. Nowadays, the knowledge about pathological markers is more advanced, and unlike when the aforementioned studies were published, it is now recognized that COVID-19 has at least three different symptomatic stages, each governed by distinctive pathophysiological traits. Thus, we think that a risk calculator that incorporates the aforementioned knowledge may have a strong predictive ability.
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Mustafa, Atif, Majida Kazmi, Hashim Raza Khan, Saad Ahmed Qazi, and Sarosh Hashmat Lodi. "Towards a Carbon Neutral and Sustainable Campus: Case Study of NED University of Engineering and Technology." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020794.
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Globally, universities are evaluating and targeting to reduce their carbon emissions and operate on a sustainable basis. The overall aim of this study revolves in addressing the following three questions: (1) How to calculate carbon footprint, including indicators selection, criteria, and measurement, for higher education institutions? (2) How to evaluate impact and effectiveness of various mitigation strategies in context of a higher education institution? (3) What are the possible limitations of approach selected for carbon footprint calculation. This paper presents estimation of the carbon footprint of NED University using a carbon calculator along with the identification of sources with maximum contribution to its carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of the NED University main campus for 2017 was calculated to be approximately 21,500 metric tons of equivalent CO2 and carbon footprint per student was 1.79 metric tons of equivalent CO2. Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions each contributed nearly 7% of the carbon footprint, while Scope 3 emissions accounted for 85.6% of the carbon footprint. Major interventions such as switching to renewables, usage of energy efficient appliances, electric vehicles, and massive tree plantation inside and outside the campus were identified as the most effective mitigation strategies.
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Aabroo, Sara, Sidra Shafique, Ayesha Javed, Attiya Fatima, Omaima Khan, and Shumaila Riaz. "FREQUENCY OF CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE IN STUDENTS DUE TO USAGE OF SMART DEVICES - CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 11, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.11.2/007.
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Background: Cervicogenic headache is not a primary headache and the pain is originated from posterior part of the neck and radiate towards the front of head and ipsilateral eye which can last from few hours to days Due to extreme usage of smart devices there is persistent stress on the cervical spine because of repeated flexed position of head and neck and this position can cause musculoskeletal stress and also contribute to restriction in neck and head movement, lack of sleep quality and lethargy. Objective: To determine the frequency of cervicogenic headache in students due to usage of smart phone devices. Methodology: It was a cross- sectional study. In which frequency of the cervicogenic headache was measured due to the high usage of smart devices. Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size of 200 students was calculated from Rao soft calculator. Results: Among 200 total participants, out of which 43 were males and 157 were females. 60 participants ranged from the age of 18 to 21 years whereas, 122 ranged from the age of 22 to 25 years and 18 had the age of 26 to 30 years. 21% participants strongly disagreed that use of smart devices is addictive while, 30% strongly agreed to the statement. Cervical flexion rotation test reported that, out of 200 participants, 112 were positive while 88 were negative. Conclusion: Cervicogenic headache is more common in female university students as compared to male and it is due to the poor posture adopted and excessive use of smart devices.
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Pang, Lewis, Kevin C. Colclough, Maggie H. Shepherd, Joanne McLean, Ewan R. Pearson, Sian Ellard, Andrew T. Hattersley, and Beverley M. Shields. "Improvements in Awareness and Testing Have Led to a Threefold Increase Over 10 Years in the Identification of Monogenic Diabetes in the U.K." Diabetes Care 45, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2056.
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OBJECTIVE Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare monogenic form of diabetes. In 2009, >80% of U.K. cases were estimated to be misdiagnosed. Since then, there have been a number of initiatives to improve the awareness and detection of MODY, including education initiatives (Genetic Diabetes Nurse [GDN] project), the MODY probability calculator, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). We examined how the estimated prevalence of MODY and other forms of monogenic diabetes diagnosed outside the neonatal period has changed over time and how the initiatives have impacted case finding. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS U.K. referrals for genetic testing for monogenic diabetes diagnosed >1 year of age from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2019 were examined. Positive test rates were compared for referrals reporting GDN involvement/MODY calculator use with those that did not. RESULTS A diagnosis of monogenic diabetes was confirmed in 3,860 individuals, more than threefold higher than 2009 (1 January 1996 to 28 February 2009, n = 1,177). Median age at diagnosis in probands was 21 years. GDN involvement was reported in 21% of referrals; these referrals had a higher positive test rate than those without GDN involvement (32% vs. 23%, P < 0.001). MODY calculator usage was indicated in 74% of eligible referrals since 2014; these referrals had a higher positive test rate than those not using the calculator (33% vs. 25%, P = 0.001). Four hundred ten (10.6%) cases were identified through tNGS. Monogenic diabetes prevalence was estimated to be 248 cases/million (double that estimated in 2009 because of increased case finding). CONCLUSIONS Since 2009, referral rates and case diagnosis have increased threefold. This is likely to be the consequence of tNGS, GDN education, and use of the MODY calculator.
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Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, Lidia, Stefan Pietrzak, Dawid Dybowski, Michał Białoskórski, Tadeusz Marcinkowski, Ludmiła Rossa, Marek Urbaniak, et al. "Impact of agricultural farms on the environment of the Puck Commune: Integrated agriculture calculator—CalcGosPuck." PeerJ 7 (February 19, 2019): e6478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6478.
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Background Leaching of nutrients from agricultural areas is the main cause of water pollution and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. A variety of remedial actions to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural holdings and cultivated fields have been taken in the past. However, knowledge about the risk of nutrient leaching has not yet reached many farmers operating in the water catchment area of the Baltic Sea. Methods The nutrient balance method known as “At the farm gate” involves calculating separate balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). After estimating all the components of the nutrient balance, the total balance for NPK is calculated and the data obtained is expressed as the ratio of total change (surplus) to the area of arable land on a farm. In addition, the nutrient usage efficiency on a farm is also calculated. An opinion poll was conducted in 2017 on 3.6% (n = 31) of the farms located in commune of Puck. The total area of the farms including arable and grass land ranged from 5 to 130 ha with an average of 45.82 ha. The arable land was on average 30.79 ha ranging from 4.45 to 130 ha while the grassland averaged 12.77 ha and ranged from 0 to 53 ha. Results The average consumption of mineral fertilizer in the sample population of farms was 114.9 kg N, 9.3 kg P, and 22.9 kg K·ha−1of agricultural land (AL), respectively. N balance in the sample farms being ranged from −23.3 to 254.5 kg N·ha−1AL while nutrient use efficiency ranged from 0.40% to 231.3%. In comparison, P surplus in the sample farms was 5.0 kg P·ha−1AL with the P use efficiency of 0.4–266.5%. Discussion Mean N fertilizer consumption in the tested farms was higher than the average usage across Poland and in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. However, mean consumption of potassium fertilizers was lower than mentioned averages. Mean P fertilizer consumption was higher than in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, but lower compared to the entire country. Generally, on the basis of designated research indicators of farm pressures on water quality, concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were obtained. CalcGosPuck (an integrated agriculture calculator) will help to raise farmers’ awareness about NPK flow on farm scale and to improve nutrient management.
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Hira Atta, Muhammad Tahir Nazeer, and Masood Mahfooz. "Examining Effects of Smart Phone Exercise Apps Usage on Weight Reduction in Young University Students." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(456-460).
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According to WHO (World Health Organization) globally, obesity has almost tripled between 1975 and 2016. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of mobile technology on weight loss in females. These days’ social media has a huge impact on youngsters, and they tend to use different apps on their cell phones. Mobile apps to lose weight are an interactive tool for weight management. These mobile apps provide a calculator for calorie intake and energy expenditure to attain goals of weight loss. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise mobile apps on weight reduction. Forty female participants from Physical Education Classes (N=40) have voluntarily participated in this research. The data was analyzed through age, height, and weight. The statistical test paired t-test was used to check average weight differences after the implementation. The results of the current study showed a significant difference in the weights of females.
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Amer, A., Ahmed Abdalla, A. Noraziah, and Ainul Azila Che Fauzi. "Prediction of Vehicle Fuel Consumption Model Based on Artificial Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.3.
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With the increasing cost of fuel price minimizing fuel consumption is a major concern as far as sustainable engineering is concerned It is apparent that effective techniques for estimating fuel consumption costs are essential in order to avoid unnecessary fuel wastage and make use the most out of it In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 2approach is used to fuel consumption model was proposed First few estimation calculator techniques have2 been briefly described Second the proposed optimization objective is to minimize the travel distance which is the corresponding to vehicle 2routing problem The neural network model has 5 input nodes at layer first which are representing engine size distance fuel type speed and passenger 15 nodes at hidden layer and one output node representing the fuel consumption costs. Finally calculations results are compared with other fuel model which indicate that estimation of fuel cost can be more accurate to optimize the fuel consumption usage accurate to optimize the fuel consumption usage.
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Adeyemi, Ismail Olatunji, Kabir Alabi Sulaiman, and Lawal Mohammed Akanbi. "Awareness and Usage of Reference Management Software: Perspectives of Faculty Members of University of Ilorin Nigeria." Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities 4, no. 2 (May 24, 2020): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/insaniyat.v4i2.14003.
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This study examined the awareness and usage of reference management software by faculty members of the University of Ilorin. Descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. The Web-based questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The total population of the study is 1,496 people. From which the sample size of 306 was selected using Raosoft sample size calculator and total responses of 98 was returned, which represents the unit of analysis. Hence, the response rate for the study is 32%. The findings of the study revealed that EndNote and Mendeley are the most used reference management software by faculty members of the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN). Results show that faculty members were aware of EndNote and Mendeley to great extent. It was found that there is low usage of reference management software among faculty of the University of Ilorin; and that most of the faculty members have never used ProCites, Bookends, Papers and Qiqqa. It was concluded that there is a positive significant relationship between awareness and usage of reference management software by faculty members. It was recommended that faculty members should be trained on how to make use of the most used reference management software.
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Shestakova, Marina V., Alexey S. Kolbin, Gagik R. Galstyan, Maria A. Arepeva, Ekaterina L. Zaitseva, Alexander Y. Mayorov, Oleg I. Karpov, Maxim A. Proskurin, Aleksey A. Kurylev, and Ivan I. Dedov. "«DIARISK» — the first national prediabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk calculator." Diabetes mellitus 23, no. 5 (January 13, 2021): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm12570.
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BACKGRAUND: The need to create a national questionnaire for screening the population for disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.AIMS: Develop a highly specific and sensitive questionnaire-calculator of the risk of prediabetes (PreD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) based on depersonalized data of individuals who have these diagnoses confirmed in the national epidemiological study NATION.METHODS: The express method of prediabetes (PreD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) risks has been created, validated and proposed for clinical usage for the first time in the Russian Federation, it was based of NATION epidemiologic study database (more than 26 000 participants). The following mathematical instruments have been used: mathematic modelling, main components methodology, binary variables, correlation analysis and single-factor analysis of variance.RESULTS: Highest coefficients of logistic regression for PreD (p<0.05) were identified for age — ≥52 years old for women and ≥59 years old for men (1,48); body mass index ≥31 (0.75); waist circumference ≥100 сm for women and ≥112 cm for men (0.90). In the same time coefficients for DM2T were for for age — ≥52 years old for women and ≥59 years old for men (1,24); body mass index ≥31 (1,19), high blood fasting glucose analysis in the past (1,37); waist circumference / hip circumference ratio ≥0.85 for women and ≥0.92 for men (1,05), high blood pressure (0.69). Correlation coefficients were taken into account and score has been used for specialized questionnaire creation. Sensitivity and specificity for PreD were 83,8% and 59,3% accordingly, for DM2T — 85,4% and 73,6% accordingly. DM2T may be suspected when total score of questionnaire is 11 and higher, and PreD — when total score will be ≥7 and <11.CONCLUSIONS: The calculator based on questionnaire (DIARISK) allows to separate of potential patient for PreD and DM2T confirmation during first examination or dispanserization. A patent for innovation has been issued.
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Ruthven, Kenneth. "Alternative Interpretation of the Dataset on K-12 Calculator Usage and College Grades as Analysed by Wilson and Naiman (2003, 2004)." Educational Studies in Mathematics 60, no. 3 (November 2005): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10649-005-0445-4.
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Bolorunduro, G. A., A. Mohammed, U. E. Uche, B. G. Ibrahim, and S. T. Audu. "Analysis and remedies for factors responsible for time between overhaul: a case study of Do-228 aircraft starter generator." Nigerian Journal of Technology 41, no. 4 (November 3, 2022): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v41i4.14.
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The starter generator is used for cranking the engine and to produce electricity for the aircraft system after a sustainable speed. A review of relevant literature reveals the time between the overhaul of the Do-228 aircraft starter generator but did not go in-depth to unravel the factors responsible. A survey research method is adopted to elicit information on the factors. Raosoft sample technique calculator: a software that primarily calculates or generates the sample size of a research or survey was used to obtain the minimum sample size from the study population with the nominal rolls of the technicians as the sampling frame. The questionnaire was vetted and validated by a professional focus group discussion team. The result shows that the factors responsible for the time between overhaul of the starter generator are Environmental Factors (10%), Mechanical Factors (20%), Poor Maintenance Factors (17%), Time Due (25%), Usage/Life Cycle (16%) and Aging (12%). 75% overhaul is unscheduled. It is recommended that the overhauling of the aircraft starter generators be done at 900 as against 1000 flight hour intervals to mitigate unscheduled maintenance.
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Goel, Nitin, Sudeep Shrestha, Rhian Smith, Akshay Mehta, Malini Ketty, Helen Muxworthy, Artur Abelian, et al. "Screening for early onset neonatal sepsis: NICE guidance-based practice versus projected application of the Kaiser Permanente sepsis risk calculator in the UK population." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316777.
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ObjectiveTo compare management recommendations of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines with the Kaiser Permanente sepsis risk calculator (SRC) for risk of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS).DesignMulticentre prospective observational projection study.SettingEight maternity hospitals in Wales, UK.PatientsAll live births ≥34 weeks gestation over a 3-month period (February–April 2018).MethodsDemographics, maternal and infant risk factors, infant’s clinical status, antibiotic usage and blood culture results from first 72 hours of birth were collected. Infants were managed using NICE recommendations and decisions compared with that projected by SRC.Main outcome measureProportion of infants recommended for antibiotics on either tool.ResultsOf 4992 eligible infants, complete data were available for 3593 (71.9%). Of these, 576 (16%) were started on antibiotics as per NICE recommendations compared with 156 (4.3%) projected by the SRC, a relative reduction of 74%. Of the 426 infants avoiding antibiotics, SRC assigned 314 (54.6%) to normal care only. There were seven positive blood cultures—three infants were recommended antibiotics by both, three were not identified in the asymptomatic stage by either; one was a contaminant. No EONS-related readmission was reported.ConclusionThe judicious adoption of SRC in UK clinical practice for screening and management of EONS could potentially reduce interventions and antibiotic usage in three out of four term or near-term infants and promote earlier discharge from hospital in >50%. We did not identify any EONS case missed by SRC when compared with NICE. These results have significant implications for healthcare resources.
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Gadetska, Svitlana, Valeriy Dubnitskiy, Alexander Khodyrev, and Iryna Shkodina. "Excel-oriented calculator for financial flows stability diagnostics under batch data processing by chebyshev polynomials." Advanced Information Systems 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2022): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2022.4.05.
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Purpose of work. Development of algorithms and software support of EXCEL-oriented methods for arraying of regression equations, using Chebyshev polynomials. Results. The work shows how aggravating geopolitical instability and effect of other pressure factors on the condition of economic systems in numerous countries leads to severe vulnerability of their financial systems. The result is slowing down of world economic growth, accelerated inflation pressure and business uncertainty. Under these circumstances the diagnostics of changes in directions, amounts, rates, regularity of business financial flows becomes quite important. Temporal variation of financial system influential parameters may be presented in the form of regression polynomials. In the present work Chebyshev polynomials were applied for their determination. This method was implemented in software products whose usage is limited by licensing restrictions. Therefore, the development of EXCEL-oriented software product applicable to formulation of regression equations using Chebyshev polynomials may be considered an urgent task. The work specifies calculation algorithms for Chebyshev regression polynomials up to fifth power inclusive, as well as transcribes block diagrams of their implementing algorithms. The determination of data packet, its index and data flows are also described. In order to compare the quality of Chebyshev polynomials in different powers a concept was introduced of relative error chain decilog. The work assumes that any discrepancy between indices of two adjacent flows means violation of process stability. The moment of stability violation corresponds to the highest number in pair of packets. Algorithm block diagram and numerical application example of our proposed method are shown.
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Kramarenko, Tetiana H., Olha S. Pylypenko, and Vladimir I. Zaselskiy. "Prospects of using the augmented reality application in STEM-based Mathematics teaching." Освітній вимір 53, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.v53i1.3843.
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The purpose of the study is improving the methodology of teaching Mathematics using cloud technologies and augmented reality, analyzing the peculiarities of the augmented reality technology implementing in the educational process. Attention is paid to the study of adaptation of Augmented Reality technology implementing in teaching mathematical disciplines for students. The task of the study is to identify the problems requiring theoretical and experimental solutions. The object of the study is the process of teaching Mathematics in higher and secondary education institutions. The subject of the study is augmented reality technology in STEM-based Mathematics learning. In the result of the study an overview of modern augmented reality tools and their application practices was carried out. The peculiarities of the mobile application 3D Calculator with Augmented reality of Dynamic Mathematics GeoGebra system usage in Mathematics teaching are revealed.
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Karabuz, Ozge, and Feral Ogan-Bekiroglu. "Pre-Service Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) Related to Calculator-Based Laboratory and Contextual Factors Influencing Their TPCK." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 9, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v9n3p57.
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The purposes of this study were to determine pre-service physics teachers’ TPCK related to Calculator-Based Laboratory and to examine influences of some contextual factors on their TPCK. This research was based on the transformative model of TPCK that conceptualizes TPCK as a unique body of knowledge. Multiple case study design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were implemented to collect data. Correlations between TPCK and contextual factors were calculated to seek statistical relationships. The participants of the study were senior pre-service physics teachers. Their knowledge, ability, and practice of TPCK were measured by using various methods including observations, lesson plans, and interviews. More data were collected associated with the participants teaching philosophies and their attitudes towards CBL technology by using individual interviews, reflective journals, and surveys to focus on context related factors. Results of this study conclude that pre-service physics teachers can reflect CBL technology integration skills into their practices more successfully than to their lesson plans. They can behave like an expert while using CBL technology in their teaching. In addition, pre-service physics teachers have high level TPCK related to CBL; hence, they have tendency to use CBL technology as a learning tool and have a coherent knowledge about this technology, pedagogy and content. This study also concludes that instructional philosophy and awareness of CBL technology usage have significant impacts on their TPCK related to CBL. Having student-centered instructional philosophy and awareness of the specific technology integrated into instruction would contribute performing sophisticated TPCK.
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Ajayi, Francis, Khadijat Olanrewaju, Olaide Akintunde, Olubunmi Bamiwuye, and Timothy Agboola. "Determinants of mobile phones usage for agricultural purposes among arable crop farmers in Iwo zone of Osun State, Nigeria." Poljoprivredna tehnika 46, no. 4 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2104030a.
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This study examined the socio-economic factors underlining arable crop famers' use of mobile phones for agricultural-related purposes in Iwo Agricultural Development Program (ADP) Zone of Osun State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 150 arable crop farmers from whom primary data were collected with structured interview schedule. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis. Findings from this study revealed that most frequently used applications include voice call (99.3%), calendar (96.7%), calculator (96%) and torch light (95.3%). Most of the farmers strongly consented that mobile phones facilitated timely access to needed services (𝑋̅ = 4.74), eased production decision making (𝑋̅ = 4.54), enhanced increased income and profit (𝑋̅ = 4.50) and accessing personalized information about new farming techniques (𝑋̅ = 4.44). Major constraints identified for limiting the usage of phones for agricultural purposes were poor internet access (𝑋̅ = 3.73), inadequate electricity to charge t he mobile phone (𝑋̅ = 3.55), poor network access (𝑋̅ = 3.54) and high charges on services (𝑋̅ = 3.41). Gender (b= 4.337; P˂ .01), level of education (b= 16.358; P˂ .01), years of farming (b= 0.513; P˂.05), information sources (b= 0.645; P˂.01) all jointly had positive influence on farmers' use of mobile phones for agricultural information. It was recommended that higher capacity of female and arable crop farmers with lower level of education should be energized to utilize their mobile phones for enhancing their production activities.
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Pesl, Peter, Pau Herrero, Monika Reddy, Nick Oliver, Desmond G. Johnston, Christofer Toumazou, and Pantelis Georgiou. "Case-Based Reasoning for Insulin Bolus Advice." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296816629986.
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Background: Insulin bolus calculators assist people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) to calculate the amount of insulin required for meals to achieve optimal glucose levels but lack adaptability and personalization. We have proposed enhancing bolus calculators by the means of case-based reasoning (CBR), an established problem-solving methodology, by individualizing and optimizing insulin therapy for various meal situations. CBR learns from experiences of past similar meals, which are described in cases through a set of parameters (eg, time of meal, alcohol, exercise). This work discusses the selection, representation and effect of case parameters used for a CBR-based Advanced Bolus Calculator for Diabetes (ABC4D). Methods: We analyzed the usage and effect of selected parameters during a pilot study (n = 10), where participants used ABC4D for 6 weeks. Retrospectively, we evaluated the effect of glucose rate of change before the meal on the glycemic excursion. Feedback from study participants about the choice of parameters was obtained through a nonvalidated questionnaire. Results: Exercise and alcohol were the most frequently used parameters, which was congruent with the feedback from study participants, who found these parameters most useful. Furthermore, cases including either exercise or alcohol as parameter showed a trend in reduction of insulin at the end of the study. A significant difference ( P < .01) was found in glycemic outcomes for meals where glucose rate of change was rising compared to stable rate of change. Conclusions: Results from the 6-week study indicate the potential benefit of including parameters exercise, alcohol and glucose-rate of change for insulin dosing decision support.
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Garland, Anne, Erik Bülow, Erik Lenguerrand, Ashley Blom, Mark Wilkinson, Adrian Sayers, Ola Rolfson, and Nils P. Hailer. "Prediction of 90-day mortality after total hip arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b3.bjj-2020-1249.r1.
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Aims To develop and externally validate a parsimonious statistical prediction model of 90-day mortality after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to provide a web calculator for clinical usage. Methods We included 53,099 patients with cemented THA due to osteoarthritis from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Registry for model derivation and internal validation, as well as 125,428 patients from England and Wales recorded in the National Joint Register for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the States of Guernsey (NJR) for external model validation. A model was developed using a bootstrap ranking procedure with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model combined with piecewise linear regression. Discriminative ability was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Calibration belt plots were used to assess model calibration. Results A main effects model combining age, sex, American Society for Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, the presence of cancer, diseases of the central nervous system, kidney disease, and diagnosed obesity had good discrimination, both internally (AUC = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 0.81) and externally (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.76). This model was superior to traditional models based on the Charlson (AUC = 0.66, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.70) and Elixhauser (AUC = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.68) comorbidity indices. The model was well calibrated for predicted probabilities up to 5%. Conclusion We developed a parsimonious model that may facilitate individualized risk assessment prior to one of the most common surgical interventions. We have published a web calculator to aid clinical decision-making. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):469–478.
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Xiong, Hai Bei, Chao Zhang, Jiang Tao Yao, and Yang Zhao. "Environmental Impact Comparison of Different Structure Systems Based on Life Cycle Assessment Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.405.
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become an international recognized method to estimate the environmental impacts of a building during its life. A building’s environmental impacts can be divided into two parts－impacts in the service stage and impacts in other stages of its life cycle. Other stages comprise material acquisition stage, constructing stage and final disposal stage. In life cycle except service stage, the LCA analysis was made on a timber structure teaching building using Athena software Eco-calculator. Then the teaching building is assumed to be redesigned adopting the structure of RC-frame and steel frame respectively. And the LCA analysis was made on the two assumed buildings too. By comparing the results, the conclusion can be drawn that timber buildings have lower environmental impact indexes compared with that of RC-frame and about the same with that of steel structure. The aboard usage of the timber structure instead of RC-frame structure can result in good environment performance. In service stage, if a sensible thermal insulation scheme is also considered, a great amount of energy will be saved, and the environmental impact of a building can be made minimum.
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Amagsila, Fatima, Ella Mae Cadavis, Jhon Paul Callueng, and Jc Reimark Manio. "The Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumers’ Brand Perception of Travel Applications." Journal of Business and Management Studies 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2022.4.2.19.
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Social media has been used as a platform to learn or share a person's travel experiences which enabled a new wave of marketing where influencers play a huge role. From this instance, would the consumers’ brand perception and usage intention be affected by these influencers that they see on social media? The study was characterized as descriptive-correlational research and gathered data through a survey using self-made questionnaires, validated by an academic practitioner and tested reliability with Cronbach alpha. With the Online Travel Agencies in the country as the subjects, and the travel enthusiasts who belong to the Millennial or Generation Z group and are living in the city, specifically in the Philippines’ National Capital Region, as the respondents of this study. Using a Raosoft calculator, the researchers collected 385 responses as the minimum required sample size for this study. The data collected showed a positive correlation between influencer marketing and brand perception of travel applications with a correlation coefficient of 0.622 using Spearman's Rho. However, there are specific characteristics that respondents look for in an influencer, primarily the ability "to inspire." and their credibility in promoting travel applications.
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Afridi, Nighat, Ambreen Fatima, Amna Fareed, Saifullah Khan, and Shah Gul Khan. "COMPARISON OF MICRONIZED PROGESTERONE (CYCLOGEST PESSARY) AND PLACEBO IN PREVENTION OF PRE-TERM BIRTH IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 70, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 1859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v70i6.2450.
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Objective: To compare efficacy of micronized per rectal progesterone (cyclogest pessary) and placebo inprevention of preterm birth in tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at department of gynecology and Obstetrics, CombinedMilitary Hospital Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: A sample size of 140 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Non probability consecutivesampling was used for recruitment of participants. Ethics approval and consent forms were taken. Women weredivided into two groups randomly. Group A was given micronized progesterone (cyclogest pessary) per rectalusage and group B was given placebo. Patients were followed for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data wasanalyzed using SPSS version 23. Independent t-test was applied. p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Total 140 patients were included in study. Mean age of women was 29.4 years ± 4.6SD. Patients in micronized progesterone (cyclogest pessary) was more effective in increasing birth weight (p=0.00), Apgar score maintenance at 1st (p=0.00) and 5th minute (p=0.000) and reduction in length of hospital stay (p=0.000) as compared to placebo. Patients were more satisfied with micronized progesterone (cyclogest pessary) per rectal as compared to placebo (p=0.00).
Conclusion: Preterm birth is remained as significant issue in health care system of Pakistan. However, micronized progesterone (cyclogest pessary) per rectal usage had positive impact in improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Effective strategies for prevention of preterm birth in Pakistan are required.
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Waseel, Abdul Mosaur, Najib Rahman Sabory, Hameedullah Zaheb, and Abdul Kareem Waseel. "Central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v4i2.63.
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Production of required thermal energy to heat residential buildings is a considerable issue in energy studies. Kabul city is a city in which the coal-fired central heating systems for providing the mentioned energy is in expansion process. And, coal as feeding source of these systems with generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in winter. Fortunately, Kabul city has maximum solar radiation in summer warm season which can be used for fulfilling of this demand in winter cold season. The method which can perform this task is the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy. But, the economic and environmental feasibility and viability of this method is a discussable issue. In this study, the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy and its economic and environmental feasibility and viability is studied. It is tried that this system is compared in a logical method with current coal-fired systems. The economic feasibility study is accomplished by comparison of initial or capital cost and annual operation and maintenance cost with the usage of existing data and thermodynamic analytic methods. The environmental viability study is accomplished by comparison of annual emissions of CO2 with the usage of online emissions calculator. Unfortunately, it is found that seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy is not an economically feasible method for central heating due to its high initial cost and cannot be used in an economically beneficial manner for central heating. But fortunately, it is an environmentally viable method and environmentally friendly way due to its no and/or zero CO2 emissions. To sum up, it is suggested that, this method should be used for district heating which can make this system economically feasible.
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Mistry, PJ, and MS Johnson. "Lightweighting of railway axles for the reduction of unsprung mass and track access charges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 9 (September 26, 2019): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719877774.
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The potential for lightweighting of railway axles was investigated to primarily reduce the unsprung mass of rail vehicles. The reduction of unsprung mass equates to an overall lighter train, which will help to reduce track damage, energy consumption and total operating costs. Two approaches were considered for the lightweighting of railway axles, which include a hollow axle design and material substitution using advanced composite materials, to offer a more track-friendly design. The first approach showed that if the outer diameter of a hollow axle is increased by 30% over that of the solid axle diameter, a mass reduction of 56% is achievable for a hollow steel axle design. The second approach explored further mass savings that could be achieved through material substitution of a hollow axle. A systematic approach to material selection for the design requirements and constraints of a railway axle was considered to identify the candidate materials for the application. The optimum material identified was a ‘bismaleimide matrix + carbon fibre composite.’ A hollow axle manufactured from this composite material offered 64% savings in mass when compared to a hollow steel axle, and 84% savings in mass when compared to a solid steel axle. Estimates for the cost savings of lightweighting of an axle were quantified by utilising Network Rail’s variable usage charge calculator, to assess the track access charge savings that can be achieved. For the scenario described in this paper, a potential £5.58 million per year could be saved for an intercity 220/M Voyager train, in terms of variable usage charges, over the entire fleet of 34 trains (four carriages per train) by implementing hollow composite axles. This is an example of a costing approach to support the decision making of lightweighting of rail vehicles.
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Eason, Julian, Hope Ward, Olha Danko, Kerrie Richardson, Rima Vaitkute, and Roisin McKeon-Carter. "Early-onset sepsis: can we screen fewer babies safely?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317047.
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BackgroundOver the past 2–3 years at the Southwest Peninsula tertiary neonatal unit in Plymouth, the authors have observed an increase in the number of clinically well term infants being screened and treated with antibiotics for infection in accordance with NICE guidance. The aim of our study was to assess the safety of implementing the Kaiser Permanente Early Onset Sepsis (KPEOS) calculator to minimise antibiotic usage in term infants in line with antimicrobial stewardship, reducing separation from mother at birth and facilitating earlier discharge.MethodsA 2-year retrospective review of medical records from 2014 to 2015 inclusive revealed 9217 deliveries, with 1550 infants (16.8%) having risk factors, 945 (10.2%) being term infants. Of those, 507 (53.6%) had a clinical reason to screen and 438 (46.4%) had risk factors alone treated with antibiotics for variable periods of time. This enabled us to review our usual practice and compare it with our KPEOS implementation.InterventionNational Health Service England permission was obtained to implement the KPEOS for a 6-month period. We collected data on all 175 term infants with risk factors to compare with our previous practice when The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology maternal guidance was being followed.ResultsThe percentage of infants screened with a suspected infection previously receiving 5 days of antibiotics reduced from 31% (136/438) to 5% (9/157, p<0.0001) using the KPEOS calculator. Clinically well infants with risk factors alone previously receiving 36 hours of antibiotics, reduced from 63% (275/438) to 3% (5/157, p<0.0001) of infants treated. There was no late-onset sepsis in this study cohort or any observed adverse outcomes.ConclusionThese results demonstrated a potentially safe and effective quality improvement (QI) in our hospital with fewer babies treated and a reduced length of stay for this cohort. Considering individual hospitals rates for term Group B Streptococcal sepsis, this QI may be a safe and economical alternative to current practices for screening well term infants.
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Wyssusek, Kerstin, Ka Lo Chan, Gerard Eames, and Yasmin Whately. "Greenhouse gas reduction in anaesthesia practice: a departmental environmental strategy." BMJ Open Quality 11, no. 3 (August 2022): e001867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2022-001867.
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Sustainability interventions were implemented at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) following identification of inhaled anaesthetic gases as a target for reducing medical carbon emissions. This quality improvement study assessed and evaluated the impact of sustainability interventions on the environmental and financial cost of inhaled anaesthetic gas use in order to guide future initiatives and research in reducing carbon emissions from healthcare practice.Ethical exemption was granted from the RBWH Research Ethics Committee (EX/2021/QRBW/76078). Usage (bottles) and expenditure for desflurane and sevoflurane from January 2016 to December 2021 were obtained. Global warming potential and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) were used to report environmental impact of volatile agents. Methods to estimate this were performed in Excel based on Campbell and Pierce methodology. An Environmental Protection Agency greenhouse gas equivalency calculator was used to convert CO2e to equivalent petrol carbon emissions and kilometres travelled by a typical passenger vehicle.The total number of bottles of sevoflurane and desflurane purchased between January 2016 and December 2021 decreased by 34.76% from 1991 to 1299. The number of desflurane bottles purchased decreased by 95.63% from 800 to 35 bottles. The number of sevoflurane bottles purchased increased by 6.13% from 1191 bottles to 1264 bottles. This was achieved by implementing quality improvement interventions such as staff education of desflurane-sparing practices, distribution of posters and progressive removal of desflurane from operating theatres. Total carbon emission from volatile anaesthetics equalled 2326 tonnes CO2e. Combined desflurane and sevoflurane emissions decreased by 87.88%. In 2016, desflurane made up 92.39% of the annual CO2e, which steadily decreased to 33.36% in 2021. Combined sevoflurane and desflurane usage costs decreased by 58.33%.Substantial reductions in carbon emissions from volatile anaesthetics demonstrate the significant degree to which environmentally sustainable practices have been implemented. Applying desflurane-sparing practice can heavily limit anaesthetic drug expenditure and contribution to environmental waste. This is important given the global health sector’s challenge to optimise patient outcomes in the face of global climate change crisis.
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Shajib, Anowar J., Karl Glazebrook, Tania Barone, Geraint F. Lewis, Tucker Jones, Kim-Vy H. Tran, Elizabeth Buckley-Geer, Thomas E. Collett, Joshua Frieman, and Colin Jacobs. "LensingETC: A Tool to Optimize Multifilter Imaging Campaigns of Galaxy-scale Strong Lensing Systems." Astrophysical Journal 938, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac927b.
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Abstract Imaging data is the principal observable required to use galaxy-scale strong lensing in a multitude of applications in extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology. In this paper, we develop Lensing Exposure Time Calculator (LensingETC; https://github.com/ajshajib/LensingETC) to optimize the efficiency of telescope-time usage when planning multifilter imaging campaigns for galaxy-scale strong lenses. This tool simulates realistic data tailored to specified instrument characteristics and then automatically models them to assess the power of the data in constraining lens model parameters. We demonstrate a use case of this tool by optimizing a two-filter observing strategy (in the IR and ultraviolet-visual (UVIS)) within the limited exposure time per system allowed by a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Snapshot program. We find that higher resolution is more advantageous to gain constraining power on the lensing observables, when there is a trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio and resolution; for example, between the UVIS and IR filters of the HST. We also find that, whereas a point-spread function (PSF) with sub-Nyquist sampling allows the sample mean for a model parameter to be robustly recovered for both galaxy–galaxy and point-source lensing systems, a sub-Nyquist-sampled PSF introduces a larger scatter than a Nyquist-sampled one in the deviation from the ground truth for point-source lens systems.
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K. Govender, Krishna. "Consumer Choice Behavior during a Social Disruption." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (December 6, 2017): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.09.
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This paper explores the relationship between an external socio-disruptive factor and consumer product and brand decision-making behavior. The social disruption was physical relocation, which resulted in a radical change in the toilet system, which had implications for toilet cleaning product and brands used. By using a sample calculator, a probability sample of 384 households from Cosmo City, South Africa were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data from 332 respondents (86% response rate) were analyzed using various inferential statistical analysis techniques to test three hypotheses. Multiple regression path coefficients demonstrated positive and significant changes&nbsp;β=1.709,&nbsp; p&lt;.0005 in the desired brand benefits following the social disruption, and that there were no significant differences&nbsp;β=-0.601,&nbsp; p&lt;.027 between households that switched brands and those that did not. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing that consumers re-evaluate their brand choices, leading to significant brand switching in cases where the social change has a radical effect on brand usage. The results also indicate that ‘out-of-market’ changes such as a radical social change have the same impact on consumer brand behavior and brand choice, as “in-market” disruptions such as the introduction of an innovative brand. The findings have strategy implications for marketers of toilet cleaning products in particular and consumer goods in general.
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Santesteban-Echarri, Olga, Ga Hyung Kim, Preston Haffey, Jacky Tang, and Jean Addington. "M100. LOOSELEAF: DEVELOPING A MOBILE-BASED APPLICATION TO MONITOR DAILY CANNABIS USAGE IN YOUTH AT CLINICAL HIGH-RISK OF PSYCHOSIS: APP DEVELOPMENT AND USABILITY TESTING." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.412.
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Abstract Background Youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) often use cannabis, which can have a negative impact on their attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). Our overall goal is to develop an app that will monitor cannabis use and its impact on APS. Objectives: (1) To describe the development of a mobile-based application named LooseLeaf (LL) to monitor daily cannabis use of individuals at CHR through participatory design; and (2) To test initial usability, discover and fix technical issues, and ensure correct data transmission of LL. Methods Two two-hour focus groups were run with CHR participants, age 12–30. Opinions of participants on (i) application content, (ii) graphic design, and (iii) user experience of the different features (i.e., home screen, inventory, questions, feedback, and calculator) were gathered from the first focus group. Based on the comments from the first focus group, a usable prototype of the application was created and was shown to the second focus group. The second focus group provided further feedback on the user experience of each feature, and finalized the application’s name and logo. The focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Following Braun and Clarke’s guidelines, data obtained from the focus groups was qualitatively analyzed with thematic analysis to identify patterns in responses. The application was refined accordingly. Then, six healthy controls and two CHR participants used LL for one week to test its effectiveness in monitoring cannabis use. On days that participants used cannabis they answered LL’ questions about how much cannabis they used, how they used, their subjective emotional experience, and what their social and environmental context was during and after using cannabis. When they did not use cannabis, LL asked questions about their subjective emotional experience and how they felt about not using cannabis. LL included a bug-report feature that participants were encouraged to use when they encountered problems. Qualitative data about LL was gathered through the 23-item Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) covering questions about engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information provided, and subjective quality of LL. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data from MARS. Results Participants favored a minimal and neutral design, buttons with icons, and color-coding of the emotions. Participants named the application “LooseLeaf” and helped to refine its features. The final design of the application consisted of 11 questions about cannabis consumption and feelings associated with it (i.e., euphoria, anxiety, and psychosis-like experiences). Over the one-week usability testing period, LL had an 85.7% response rate. The bug-report feature was used 13 times by seven participants to flag technical issues and provide suggestions to improve user experience of LL. The App received a good overall score on the MARS. LL’s functionality, aesthetics, information, and safety rated high. Few customization options, lack of willingness to pay for applications in general, and technical issues resulted in lower engagement and subjective quality scores. LL’s perceived impact score was good. Discussion The application’s development process was based on the feedback of CHR youth. This provided important information on the design and content needed to build a user-centric mobile application. LL demonstrated initial usability, an effective bug-report feature, and some technical issues and problems with data transmission. The MARS, interviews, and bug-reports provided effective feedback for refining LL for the next phase of development.
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Shosha, Bitila, Romeo Mano, and Armela Anamali. "Businesses and COVID-19 impact, liquidity issues and failure perceptions: The case of Albania." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(2).2022.08.
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This paper aims to analyze business liquidity perceptions during the Covid-19 lockdown and how the lockdown affected businesses. The research methodology used in this paper consists of a literature review on businesses in the lockdown and an analysis of data collected through a survey conducted in the second quarter of 2020, immediately after the Covid-19 restriction measures were imposed. The sample used contains 180 businesses from a population of 166,386 businesses in Albania, providing a 7.30% error according to the Raosoft calculator. A more in-depth analysis was made by comparison, using box-plots for liquidity issues and problems faced by small, medium and large businesses (SMLEs) during the pandemic. The degree of significance of factors taken into consideration in this study is expressed by Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and an econometric model. The processing and analysis of data was made using SPSS V21. From the analysis of the factors considered and the size of the business, two important conclusions emerge: (1) the exercise of activity for Albanian businesses is closely related to the payments and the business perspective (bankruptcy risk); (2) the fear of bankruptcy was felt more by big business, while medium business had fewer problems referring to all the factors taken into consideration. The econometric model determined the most important factors for assessing the level of impact of Covid-19: Failure Perception, Support from Solidarity Packages, and Cash Reserves Usage. Surprisingly, it is noticed that businesses attribute the use of cash reserves (C.R.U) to different expenses/liabilities compared to the traditional ones treated in this study.
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Shosha, Bitila, Romeo Mano, and Armela Anamali. "Businesses and COVID-19 impact, liquidity issues and failure perceptions: The case of Albania." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(2).2022.08.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to analyze business liquidity perceptions during the Covid-19 lockdown and how the lockdown affected businesses. The research methodology used in this paper consists of a literature review on businesses in the lockdown and an analysis of data collected through a survey conducted in the second quarter of 2020, immediately after the Covid-19 restriction measures were imposed. The sample used contains 180 businesses from a population of 166,386 businesses in Albania, providing a 7.30% error according to the Raosoft calculator. A more in-depth analysis was made by comparison, using box-plots for liquidity issues and problems faced by small, medium and large businesses (SMLEs) during the pandemic. The degree of significance of factors taken into consideration in this study is expressed by Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and an econometric model. The processing and analysis of data was made using SPSS V21. From the analysis of the factors considered and the size of the business, two important conclusions emerge: (1) the exercise of activity for Albanian businesses is closely related to the payments and the business perspective (bankruptcy risk); (2) the fear of bankruptcy was felt more by big business, while medium business had fewer problems referring to all the factors taken into consideration. The econometric model determined the most important factors for assessing the level of impact of Covid-19: Failure Perception, Support from Solidarity Packages, and Cash Reserves Usage. Surprisingly, it is noticed that businesses attribute the use of cash reserves (C.R.U) to different expenses/liabilities compared to the traditional ones treated in this study.
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Figueiró-Filho, Ernesto Antonio, Maithe Vendas Galhardo, and Bruno Areco de Souza. "The diagnostic accuracy of the usage of the <i>Fetal Medicine Foundation</i>’s (FMF) on-line risk calculator with first-trimester ultrasound for screening for preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant Brazilian population." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 02, no. 03 (2012): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2012.23063.
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Pallivilla, Uma Rani, Vahini Gudeli, Maadhurika Ledalla, and Rajendra Jalagam. "Patterns of Neonatal Thrombocytopenia with A Note on Platelet Indices and Optical Technology – A Cross-Sectional Study." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 9, no. 7 (August 12, 2022): A148–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3177.
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Introduction: Neonatal thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count <150×10^9/L regardless of gestational-age. It results from hypo-proliferation in marrow or peripheral destruction of platelets. Platelet count can be rapidly measured using automated hematology analyzers, but peripheral smear remains best method. The causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are defined by time of presentation into foetal (mainly TORCH infections), early (< 3 days), and late. The present study highlights pattern and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia in study hospital, adding importance of platelet indices and optical technology.
Aim: To study patterns and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia, platelet indices and to measure accuracy of platelet count by optical technology methods against peripheral smear.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study done for a period of 8 months from December 2018 to July 2019, at ASRAM medical college, Eluru. During this period blood samples of 113 critical cases of newborns, admitted with thrombocytopenia, were collected in Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vials. The platelet count was analyzed by two automated analyzers, Sysmex XN1000 and Horiba ABX Pentra XL 80. The Leishman-stained films were examined under a light microscope. ANOVA test was used to find mean difference between platelet counts, sensitivity, and specificity, and accuracy was calculated by MEDCALC CALCULATOR.
Results: Out of total of 113 critical cases of new-borns admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at institute, 85 presented with thrombocytopenia. The variation of platelet indices was noted in 40 cases, blood cultures were collected in 77 cases. Thrombocytopenia showing platelet count less than 20,000/ mm3 is considered very severe, with 30.5% (26 cases) of total number. Elevated platelet indices were noted at 47.5%. The common clinical diagnosis was neonatal sepsis (42.3%), followed by neonatal jaundice (18.8%). The light scatterer principle of platelet evaluation proved to have better accuracy than electrical impedance, in comparison to peripheral smear findings.
Conclusion: The study concludes that neonatal septicemia is major cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia as proved by correlating platelet count with platelet indices. And also, usage of automated hemogram reports with platelet indices, is a source of information to suspect etiology of thrombocytopenia thereby preventing adverse outcomes. The principle of Optical Light scatterer technique in an automated analyzer gives better results than the electrical impedance technique for detecting platelet count value, though peripheral smear examination is mandatory for confirmation.
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Li, Li, Qing-Chang Lu, Yun-Tao Chang, and Zhong-Ren Peng. "A Compositional Analysis of Unbalanced Usages of Multiple Left-turn Lanes." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i3.2093.
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Lane usage measures distribution of a specific traffic movement across multiple available lanes in a given time. Unbalanced lane usages decrease the capacity of subject segment. This paper took multiple left-turn lanes at signalized intersections as case study, and explored the influences of some factors on the lane usage balance. Lane usages were calculated from field collected lane volumes and the constant-sum constraint among them was explicitly considered in the statistical analysis. Classical and compositional analysis of variance was respectively conducted to identify significant influential factors. By comparing the results of compositional analysis and those of the classical one, the former ones have better interpretability. It was found that left-turn lane usages could be affected by parameter variance of geometric design or traffic control, such as length of turning curve, length of upstream segment, length of signal phase or cycle. These factors could make the lane usages achieve relative balance at different factor levels.
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Gołos, M. "Mechanically stabilised layer by geogrids in road construction as an environmental aspect of sustainable development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012023.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to focus on the advantages of environmental aspects of mechanically stabilised layer by using geogrids (MSL). MSL is utilised in road construction as a sub-base layer or capping layer for a week sub-soil improvement. The concept of a MSL says that unbound granular layer is stabilized by the non-reinforcing hexagonal geogrid by the way of interlock with the aggregate. The mechanism of interlock means that both geogrid and aggregate interact under applied external load. The beneficial consequence on the serviceability of that layer by the resisting of the movement of the particles is defined as stabilisation. Mechanically stabilised layer by geogrid allows to save both money and time of construction compared to traditional technologies. Moreover, it also substantially supports sustainable development being a successful alternative to traditional solutions in road construction, such as: soil replacement, cement and other hydraulically bound mixtures or granular unbound layers which are non-stabilised by geogrids. MSL gives massive benefits for the environment, allowing for significant reduction of energy usage and greenhouse gases emission (mainly CO2). The paper shows the methodology of carbon footprint approach, which is an equivalent amount of CO2 emission, resulting from all component processes related to a specific technology used in road construction.This paper describes also the basic rules of how to calculate the amount of this reduction by using a special tool, so called Carbon Calculator (CC) designed by one of the leading geogrid manufacturer. CC allows to determine the reduction of CO2 as a result of geogrid utilisation in MSL compared to other well-known and long-standing solutions, mainly traditional granular unbound and cement or other hydraulically bound mixtures. A number of calculations of carbon footprint with MSL and other traditional solutions used as a sub-base or capping layer in the road construction have been done and the results of them have been presented in the further part of this article.
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Ali, Hikmat H., and Shorouq N. Alzu’bi. "Design optimization of sustainable affordable housing model in hot-arid climate-case of Jordan." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2017-0009.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to study and evaluate the situation of different affordable housing projects with an eye toward developing a new affordable and sustainable housing model in the hot-arid climate of Jordan. There is a clear interest in providing affordable housing, yet sustainable and environmental issues are highly marginalized. To bridge this gap, and to meet Jordanian housing needs while tackling environmental problems, this research has analyzed the environmental issues of selected housing projects in Jordan, aiming to determine the existing problems. In addition, it proposes a solution through a sustainable and affordable housing model that was analyzed and compared to the previously studied housing projects. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design strategy was adopted and a mixed design method was used. Information related to the physical and operation characteristics of buildings was collected through the review of “as built” drawings and other relevant documents. Further information was obtained from field surveys and personal interviews with architects and decision-makers in the housing sector. Energy consumption patterns of these housing projects were analyzed using the DesignBuilder simulation program. Water efficiency was assessed using the BRE Code Water Calculator. Based on the previous analysis, a new housing model was developed that was evaluated in terms of energy and water consumption. Findings The analysis shows a significant difference among different housing projects in terms of energy cooling and heating loads in different climatic regions in Jordan. Energy analysis proved that the proposed model is energy efficient in different locations and it can save up to 50.4 per cent of annual energy usage in comparison with existing projects. In addition, it can save around 43 per cent of water consumption by using a number of modifications for saving water. Originality/value Most of the housing initiatives focus on providing affordable housing, yet sustainable and environmental issues are highly marginalized. This research will bridge the gap by reducing the operation cost of affordable housing through adapting and implementing sustainable measures of design and construction.