Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Calcul des métriques'
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Pichard, Karine. "Equations différentielles dans les espaces métriques : Application à l'évolution de domaines." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3021.
Full textChakir, El-Alaoui El-Houcine. "Les métriques sous riemanniennes en dimension 3." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES055.
Full textAl, Majid Ahmad. "Dissipation de l'énergie en mécanique vibratoire : opérateur d'hystérésis, phénomène métrique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0033/these.pdf.
Full textThe objective of the research is to improve the knowledge of dissipative effects and to establish models for predicting the dynamic behavior of mechanical Systems equipped with localized non-linearities or subjected to variable forcing frequency. The manuscript contains two parts. Part I. Hysteresis operator : An original hysteresis operator is proposed. It is employed for modelling localized non-linearities and in particular the load deflection loop of mounts used in vibration isolation. First, an overview on viscous and dry friction models and on existing hysteresis operator models is perfomed. Then, the proposed model is described in details, a particular attention is paid on its mathematical formulation. The applications concern an elastomer and a dry friction mounts. Finally the measured harmony and transient responses of a flexible structure equipped with such mounts permit the validation of the proposed model. Part II. Metric phenomenon : It is shown that a variable forcing frequency applied to a mechanical System creates a damping effect. Broadly speaking, the parameters of the equations of the motion are modified when the motion deforms the reference frame. First, using the concept of the special relativity and an additional axis representing the forcing frequency, it is shown that each degree of freedom of a mechanical System has its proper time. The metric is experimentally identified. The application concerns a one-degree of freedom System subjected to variable harmony excitation. The model is experimentally validated. Then, the concept of the general relativity is used for avoiding the experimental identification of the metric, which depends on the co-ordinates of the Riemannian space. The solution of the variational problem of the metric gives the equations of the geodesy, which are the equations of the motion. The proposed method is experimentally validated using three different mechanical Systems (one-DOF, multi-DOF and continuous Systems)
Lavenant, Hugo. "Courbes et applications optimales à valeurs dans l'espace de Wasserstein." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS112/document.
Full textThe Wasserstein space is the space of probability measures over a given domain endowed with the quadratic Wasserstein distance. In this work, we study variational problems where the unknowns are mappings valued in the Wasserstein space. When the source space is a segment, i.e. when the unknowns are curves valued in the Wasserstein space, we are interested in models where, in addition to the action of the curves, there are some terms which penalize congested configurations. We develop techniques to extract regularity from the minimizers thanks to the interplay between optimal density evolution (minimization of the action) and penalization of congestion, and we apply them to the study of Mean Field Games and the variational formulation of the Euler equations. When the source space is no longer a segment but a domain of a Euclidean space, we consider only the Dirichlet problem, i.e. the minimization of the action (which can be called the Dirichlet energy) among mappings sharing a fixed value on the boundary of the source space. The solutions are called harmonic mappings valued in the Wasserstein space. We prove that the different definitions of the Dirichlet energy in the literature turn out to be equivalent; that the Dirichlet problem is well-posed under mild assumptions; that the superposition principle fails if the source space is no longer a segment; that a sort of maximum principle holds; and we provide a numerical method to compute these harmonic mappings
Excoffon, William. "Résilience des systèmes informatiques adaptatifs : modélisation, analyse et quantification." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20791/1/Excoffon_20791.pdf.
Full textBrasco, Lorenzo. "Geodesics and PDE methods in transport models." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578447.
Full textAmenta, Alexander. "Extension de la théorie des espaces de tentes et applications à certains problèmes aux limites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS067/document.
Full textWe extend the theory of tent spaces from Euclidean spaces to various types of metric measure spaces. For doubling spaces we show that the usual `global' theory remains valid, and for `non-uniformly locally doubling' spaces (including R^n with the Gaussian measure) we establish a satisfactory local theory. In the doubling context we show that Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev-type embeddings hold in the scale of weighted tent spaces, and in the special case of unbounded AD-regular metric measure spaces we identify the real interpolants (the `Z-spaces') of weighted tent spaces.Weighted tent spaces and Z-spaces on R^n are used to construct Hardy–Sobolev and Besov spaces adapted to perturbed Dirac operators. These spaces play a key role in the classification of solutions to first-order Cauchy–Riemann systems (or equivalently, the classification of conormal gradients of solutions to second-order elliptic systems) within weighted tent spaces and Z-spaces. We establish this classification, and as a corollary we obtain a useful characterisation of well-posedness of Regularity and Neumann problems for second-order complex-coefficient elliptic systems with boundary data in Hardy--Sobolev and Besov spaces of order s in (-1,0)
Ratsimahalo, Robert. "Etude de la projection métrique dans les espaces de Banach." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3030.
Full textJulien, Antoine. "Complexité des pavages apériodiques : calculs et interprétations." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466323.
Full textLebras, Youenn. "Code optimization based on source to source transformations using profile guided metrics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV037/document.
Full textOur goal is to develop a framework allowing the definition of source code transformations based on dynamic metrics.This framework be integrated to the MAQAO tool suite developed at the UVSQ / ECR.We present a set of source-to-source transformations guidable by the end user and by the dynamic metrics coming from the various MAQAO tools in order to work at source and binary levels.This framework can also be used as a pre-processor to simplify the development by enabling to perform cleanly and automatically some simple but time-consuming and error-prone transformations (i.e .: loop/function specialization, ...)
Kaabi, Rabeb. "Apprentissage profond et traitement d'images pour la détection de fumée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0017.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of forest fire detection using image processing and machine learning tools. A forest fire is a fire that spreads over a wooded area. It can be of natural origin (due to lightning or a volcanic eruption) or human. Around the world, the impact of forest fires on many aspects of our daily lives is becoming more and more apparent on the entire ecosystem.Many methods have been shown to be effective in detecting forest fires. The originality of the present work lies in the early detection of fires through the detection of forest smoke and the classification of smoky and non-smoky regions using deep learning and image processing tools. A set of pre-processing techniques helped us to have an important database which allowed us afterwards to test the robustness of the model based on deep belief network we proposed and to evaluate the performance by calculating the following metrics (IoU, Accuracy, Recall, F1 score). Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on several images in order to validate its efficiency. The simulations of our algorithm have been compared with those processed in the state of the art (Deep CNN, SVM...) and have provided very good results. The results of the proposed methods gave an average classification accuracy of about 96.5% for the early detection of smoke
Billon, Laure. "Génération et adaptation de maillage volume-couche limite dynamique pour les écoulements turbulents autour de géométries complexes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM077/document.
Full textNumerical simulation of turbulent aerodynamics flows remains challenging. Such fluid-structure interaction problem involves generally a thin layer close to the wall where the fluid is slow down, called boundary layer. This latter requires a carefull study of the boundary layer since it is crucial regarding the accuracyof the complete flow computation. Therefore, a fine and structured mesh is needed close to the wall. In this work, we propose a novel automatic procedure to build a correct boundary layer mesh according to the theory and the flow parameters. Moreover, in order to describe exactly the behaviour of the flow on the whole domain, the boundary layer mesh is combined with a dynamic mesh adaptation method.It follows an advanced version of the edge based mesh adaptation method. Combined together, they ensure a fine and structured mesh in the boundarylayer while all the flow vortices are accurately resolved. This new method, called boundary-volume mesh adaptation, has been validated on several 2D and 3Dtest cases with complex geometries. Results emphasises the capacity ofthe approach and offer opportunities of improvement for numerical fluid mechanics mesh adaptation
Friedelmeyer, Jean-Pierre. "Le calcul des derivations d'arbogast dans le projet d'algebrisation de l'analyse, a la fin du dix-huitieme siecle." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2037.
Full textDuplex, Benjamin. "Transfert de déformations géométriques lors des couplages de codes de calcul - Application aux dispositifs expérimentaux du réacteur de recherche Jules Horowitz." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679015.
Full textGhazanfarpour, Anahid. "Proximity-aware multiple meshes decimation using quadric error metric." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30168.
Full textProgressive mesh decimation by successively applying topological operators is a standard tool in geometry processing. A key element of such algorithms is the error metric, which allows to prioritize operators minimizing the decimation error. Most previous work focus on preserving local properties of the mesh during the decimation process, with the most notable being the Quadric Error Metric which uses the edge collapse operator. However, meshes obtained from CAD scenes and describing complex systems often require significant decimation for visualization and interaction on low-end terminals. Hence preserving the arrangement of objects is required in such cases, in order to maintain the overall system readability for applications such as on-site repair, inspection, training, serious games, etc. In this context, this thesis focuses on preserving the readability of proximity relations between meshes during decimation, by introducing a novel approach for the joint decimation of multiple triangular meshes with proximities. The works presented in this thesis consist in three contributions. First, we propose a mechanism for the simultaneous decimation of multiple meshes. Second, we introduce a proximity-aware error metric, combining the local edge error (i.e. Quadric Error Metric) with a proximity penalty function, which increases the error of edge collapses modifying the geometry where meshes are close to each other. Last, we devise an automatic detection of proximity areas. Finally, we demonstrate the performances of our approach on several models generated from CAD scenes
Salas, Videla David. "Détermination sous-différentielle, propriété Radon-Nikodym de faces, et structure différentielle des ensembles prox-réguliers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT299/document.
Full textThis work is divided in two parts: In the first part, we present an integration result in locally convex spaces for a large class of nonconvex functions which enables us to recover the closed convex envelope of a function from its convex subdifferential. Motivated by this, we introduce the class of Subdifferential Dense Primal Determined (SDPD) spaces, which are those having the necessary condition which allows to use the above integration scheme, and we study several properties of it in the context of Banach spaces. We provide a geometric interpretation of it, called the Faces Radon-Nikod'ym property. In the second part, we study, in the context of Hilbert spaces, the relation between the smoothness of the boundary of a prox-regular set and the smoothness of its metric projection. We show that whenever a set is a closed body with a $mathcal{C}^{p+1}$-smooth boundary (with $pgeq 1$), then its metric projection is of class $mathcal{C}^{p}$ in the open tube associated to its prox-regular function. A local version of the same result is established as well, namely, when the smoothness of the boundary and the prox-regularity of the set are assumed only near a fixed point. We also study the case when the set is itself a $mathcal{C}^{p+1}$-submanifold. Finally, we provide converses for these results
Bonnet, Benoît. "Optimal control in Wasserstein spaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0442.
Full textA wealth of mathematical tools allowing to model and analyse multi-agent systems has been brought forth as a consequence of recent developments in optimal transport theory. In this thesis, we extend for the first time several of these concepts to the framework of control theory. We prove several results on this topic, including Pontryagin optimality necessary conditions in Wasserstein spaces, intrinsic regularity properties of optimal solutions, sufficient conditions for different kinds of pattern formation, and an auxiliary result pertaining to singularity arrangements in Sub-Riemannian geometry