Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Calcul de points de fuite'
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Elassam, Abdelkarim. "Learning-based vanishing point detection and its application to large-baseline image registration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0084.
Full textThis thesis examines the detection of vanishing points and the horizon line and their application to visual localization tasks in urban environments. Visual localization is a fundamental problem in computer vision that aims to determine the position and orientation of a camera in an environment based solely on visual information. In urban and manufactured environments, vanishing points are important visual landmarks that provide crucial information about the scene's structure, making their detection important for reconstruction and localization tasks. The thesis proposes new deep learning methods to overcome the limitations of existing approaches to vanishing point detection. The first key contribution introduces a novel approach for HL and VP detection. Unlike most existing methods, this method directly infers both the HL and an unlimited number of horizontal VPs, even those extending beyond the image frame. The second key contribution of this thesis is a structure-enhanced VP detector. This method utilizes a multi-task learning framework to estimate multiple horizontal VPs from a single image. It goes beyond simple VP detection by generating masks that identify vertical planar structures corresponding to each VP, providing valuable scene layout information. Unlike existing methods, this approach leverages contextual information and scene structures for accurate estimation without relying on detected lines. Experimental results demonstrate that this method outperforms traditional line-based methods and modern deep learning-based methods. The thesis then explores the use of vanishing points for image matching and registration, particularly in cases where images are captured from vastly different viewpoints. Despite continuous progress in feature extractors and descriptors, these methods often fail in the presence of significant scale or viewpoint variations. The proposed methods address this challenge by incorporating vanishing points and scene structures. One major challenge in using vanishing points for registration is establishing reliable correspondences, especially in large-scale scenarios. This work addresses this challenge by proposing a vanishing point detection method aided by the detection of masks of vertical scene structures corresponding to these vanishing points. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a method for vanishing point matching that exploits image content rather than just detected segments. This vanishing point correspondence facilitates the estimation of the camera's relative rotation, particularly in large-scale scenarios. Additionally, incorporating information from scene structures enables more reliable keypoint correspondence within these structures. Consequently, the method facilitates the estimation of relative translation, which is itself constrained by the rotation derived from the vanishing points. The quality of rotation can sometimes be impacted by the imprecision of detected vanishing points. Therefore, we propose a vanishing point-guided image matching method that is much less sensitive to the accuracy of vanishing point detection
Riffaut, Antonin. "Calcul effectif de points spéciaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0100/document.
Full textStarting for André’s Theorem in 1998, which is the first non-trivial contribution to the celebrated André-Oort conjecture on the special subvarieties of Shimura varieties, the main purpose of this thesis is to study Diophantine properties of singular moduli, by characterizing CM-points (x; y) satisfying a given type of equation of the form F(x; y) = 0, for an irreducible polynomial F(X; Y ) with complex coefficients. More specifically, we treat two different equations involving powers of singular moduli. On the one hand, we show that two distinct singular moduli x; y such that the numbers 1, xm and yn are linearly dependent over Q, for some positive integers m; n, must be of degree at most 2. This partially generalizes a result of Allombert, Bilu and Pizarro-Madariaga, who studied CM-points belonging to straight lines in C2 defined over Q. On the other hand, we show that, with “obvious” exceptions, the product of any two powers of singular moduli cannot be a non-zero rational number. This generalizes a result of Bilu, Luca and Pizarro-Madariaga, who studied CM-points belonging to hyperbolas xy = A, where A 2 Qx. The methods we develop lie mainly on the properties of ring class fields generated by singular moduli, on estimations of the j-function and on estimations of linear forms in logarithms. We also determine fields generated by sums and products of two singular moduli x and y : we show that the field Q(x; y) is generated by the sum x + y, unless x and y are conjugate over Q, in which case x + y generate a subfield of degree at most 2 ; the same holds for the product xy. Our proofs are assisted by the PARI/GP package, which we use to proceed to verifications in particular explicit cases
Audebaud, Christian-Philippe. "Extension du calcul des constructions par points fixes." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10506.
Full textLezama, José. "On grouping theory in dot patterns, with applications to perception theory and 3D inverse geometry." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0009/document.
Full textThis thesis studies two mathematical models for an elementary visual task: theperceptual grouping of dot patterns. The first model handles the detection ofperceptually relevant arrangements of collinear dots. The second model extendsthis framework to the more general case of good continuation of dots. In bothcases, the proposed models are scale invariant and unsupervised. They aredesigned to be robust to noise, up to the point where the structures to detectbecome mathematically indistinguishable from noise. The experiments presentedshow a good match of our detection theory with the unmasking processes takingplace in human perception, supporting their perceptual plausibility.The proposed models are based on the a contrario framework, a formalization ofthe non-accidentalness principle in perception theory. This thesis makes twocontributions to the a contrario methodology. One is the introduction ofadaptive detection thresholds that are conditional to the structure's localsurroundings. The second is a new refined strategy for resolving the redundancyof multiple meaningful detections. Finally, the usefulness of the collinear point detector as a general patternanalysis tool is demonstrated by its application to a classic problem incomputer vision: the detection of vanishing points. The proposed dot alignmentdetector, used in conjunction with standard tools, produces improved resultsover the state-of-the-art methods in the literature.Aiming at reproducible research, all methods are submitted to the IPOL journal,including detailed descriptions of the algorithms, commented reference sourcecodes, and online demonstrations for each one
OKASSA, EUGENE. "Geometrie des points proches et applications." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30003.
Full textDewaghe, Laurent. "Calcul du nombre de points sur une courbe elliptique dans un corps fini." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-354.pdf.
Full textLemarinier, Pierre. "Fiabilité et traitement de la volatilité dans les systèmes de calcul global." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112258.
Full textThe distributed computing systems gather more and more processors and are thus subjected to higher failure frequencies. The message passing applications are now generally written using the MPI interface. Numbers of automatic and transparent fault tolerant protocols for message passing libraries have been proposed and implemented. All these protocols rely on checkpoint/restart mechanisms, coordinated or not. However, no comparison of these protocols have been presented yet, in term of cost on the initial performance of MPI applications. We expose in this paper the first comparison between the different kind of fault tolerant protocols. The first part describes in a common model five protocols: a distant pessimistic message logging protocol, a sender based pessimistic message logging protocol, a causal message logging protocol, a non blocking coordinated checkpoint protocol and finally a blocking coordinated checkpoint protocol. The second part of this thesis presents the implementation of the fourth first protocols in the MPICH library and the fifth protocol in the MPICH2 library. Then we sum up the experiment results we obtained for the pessimistic protocols implementation and detail the performance measurements of the causal implementation and the coordinated checkpoint implementations, using micro benchmarks and NAS applications on different computing systems
Bataille, Camille. "Topographie multi-échelle et fuite évolutive d'un contact coulissant : approche expérimentale et simulation." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0008.
Full textPumps allow the transfer of a product (glue, lubricant, petrol, etc.) to the pressurised spraying system. Being present in a multitude of industries, their reliability is of major importance for the protection of the environment and health. We study the impact of surface finish on the functionality (tightness, wear) of different systems, within pumps and spraying systems. A multi-scale characterization method is thus implemented in order to understand the impact of the surface finish of parts on the functionality of these systems. This method is applied on a first characterization study of the tightness of reversible nozzles. It is not always easy to interpret the impact of the morphology of a surface on its functionality using roughness parameters. A contact model and a contact distribution visualization tool are therefore developed. The contact interface is thus computed to better understand the contact distribution and leakage paths. The next part of the thesis aims to characterize the seal/wear torque of a hydraulic piston. A test bench is developed to characterize the wear, tightness and topography of the studied parts. Thus, the degradation of the surface state of a piston is analyzed as a function of its tightness. In order to apply the study of the seal/wear coupling to other similar contacts, a numerical model, capable of calculating the hydraulic conductance of a sliding contact between two rough surfaces, is being developed. Finally, coatings that could replace hard chromium are being tested for wear. The use of hard chromium plating is highly regulated and will be banned in the future. Thus, the comparative degradation of different coatings under the same wear conditions is being studied
Dormoy, Jérôme. "Un algorithme linéaire de calcul de points fixes dans les systèmes de transitions : parallélisation et études expérimentales." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10628.
Full textWallet, Alexandre. "Le problème de décompositions de points dans les variétés Jacobiennes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066438/document.
Full textThe discrete logarithm problem is a fundamental brick for several protocols for secured communications. Its instantiation over elliptic curves allows the deployment of efficient asymmetric primitives in embedded systems, because of the small size of the parameters considered. Nowadays, elliptic curves cryptosystems are already widely used: it is therefore crucial to precisely understand the hardness of such systems. Because of the existence of mathematical attacks enabling the transfer from an elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem to another algebraic curve, and the upcoming competitivity of genus 2 curves, it is mandatory to study the problem not only for elliptic curves, but for the other curves as well.In this way, this thesis focuses on the algebraic attacks over curves with genus greater than 1. The index calculus family of algorithms is in general preferred for this kind of attacks. Those algorithms run in two phases: the first, called harvesting phase, can be modelled by different algebraic approaches, depending in the targetted curve. The underlying problem amounts to knowing how to decompose efficiently points in the Jacobian variety of the curve into sums of other points.First, we propose a sieving approach to the harvesting, that can be adated to any type of curves with genus greater than 1, and which turns to be experimentally more efficient than state-of-the-art's methods. Moreover, our method allows a close-to-immediate implementation, and avoid complications coming from relations management.Our second focus is on a variant of index calculus called decomposition attack, targetting curves defined over field extensions. In this situation, harvesting is done by solving numerous multivariate polynomial systems. We propose a new approach to this modelling by generalizing the notion of elliptic summation polynomias to any type of algebraic curves. This uses elimination theory, and the computational aspect is handled by Gröbner bases methods.Third, we give algorithms to improve the solving process of the systems arising from a decomposition attacks when the characteristic of the base field is even. By mean of a general theoretical presentation, and using Gröbner bases methods, we give a sharp analysis of the impact of such improvement on the complexity of the resolution process. This sharp analysis together with a dedicated implementation allows us to attack a genus 2 curve satisfying realistic security parameters
Elloumi, Wael. "Contributions à la localisation de personnes par vision monoculaire embarquée." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843634.
Full textMarcaillou, Sophie. "Intégration de la notion de points de vue dans la modélisation par objets : le langage VBOOL." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30016.
Full textWallet, Alexandre. "Le problème de décompositions de points dans les variétés Jacobiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066438.
Full textThe discrete logarithm problem is a fundamental brick for several protocols for secured communications. Its instantiation over elliptic curves allows the deployment of efficient asymmetric primitives in embedded systems, because of the small size of the parameters considered. Nowadays, elliptic curves cryptosystems are already widely used: it is therefore crucial to precisely understand the hardness of such systems. Because of the existence of mathematical attacks enabling the transfer from an elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem to another algebraic curve, and the upcoming competitivity of genus 2 curves, it is mandatory to study the problem not only for elliptic curves, but for the other curves as well.In this way, this thesis focuses on the algebraic attacks over curves with genus greater than 1. The index calculus family of algorithms is in general preferred for this kind of attacks. Those algorithms run in two phases: the first, called harvesting phase, can be modelled by different algebraic approaches, depending in the targetted curve. The underlying problem amounts to knowing how to decompose efficiently points in the Jacobian variety of the curve into sums of other points.First, we propose a sieving approach to the harvesting, that can be adated to any type of curves with genus greater than 1, and which turns to be experimentally more efficient than state-of-the-art's methods. Moreover, our method allows a close-to-immediate implementation, and avoid complications coming from relations management.Our second focus is on a variant of index calculus called decomposition attack, targetting curves defined over field extensions. In this situation, harvesting is done by solving numerous multivariate polynomial systems. We propose a new approach to this modelling by generalizing the notion of elliptic summation polynomias to any type of algebraic curves. This uses elimination theory, and the computational aspect is handled by Gröbner bases methods.Third, we give algorithms to improve the solving process of the systems arising from a decomposition attacks when the characteristic of the base field is even. By mean of a general theoretical presentation, and using Gröbner bases methods, we give a sharp analysis of the impact of such improvement on the complexity of the resolution process. This sharp analysis together with a dedicated implementation allows us to attack a genus 2 curve satisfying realistic security parameters
Facchini, Alessandro. "A study on the expressive power of some fragments of the modal µ-calculus." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14210/document.
Full textIn this work we study the complexity of some fragments of the modal mu-calculus from two points of view: the syntactical and the topological. In the first part of the dissertation we adopt the syntactical point of view in order to study the behavior of this formalism on some restricted classes of models. Among other results, we show that on transitive transition systems, every mu-formula is logically equivalent to an alternation free formula. For what concerns the topological point of view, we first prove that on transitive models, the modal logic is exactly the Borel fragment of the modal mu-calculus. Then we provide an effective description of the Borel and Wadge hierarchies of a sub-fragment of the alternation free fragment of the mu-calculus on binary trees. Finally we verify that for this fragment the syntactical point of view and topological point of view coincide
Laizet, Sylvain. "Développement d'un code de calcul combinant des schémas de haute précision avec une méthode de frontières immergées pour la simulation des mouvements tourbillonnaires en aval d'un bord de fuite." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2339.
Full textTo carry out simulations of the vortex dynamics behind a trailing edge remains a difficult task in fluid mechanics. Numerical development has been performed with a computer code which solves the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with high order compact finite difference schemes on a Cartesian grid. The specificity of this code is that the Poisson equation is solved in the spectral space with the modified spectral formalism. This code can be combined with an immersed boundary method in order to simulate flows with complex geometry. A particular work was made to improve the resolution of the Poisson equation in order to use a stretched mesh and a staggered grid for the pressure. Two mixing layers flows with a blunt and a bevelled trailing edge were performed in order to determinate the influence of the separating plate's shape on the vortex dynamics
THIEULLEN, BONANSEA MICHELE. "Points multiples des procesus de levy. Critere de non explosion de solutions d'equations differentielles stochastiques. Calcul stochastique non adapte a deux parametres." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066337.
Full textTournier, Évelyne. "Solutions formelles d'équations différentielles : le logiciel de calcul formel DESIR : étude théorique et réalisation." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323706.
Full textAbelard, Simon. "Comptage de points de courbes hyperelliptiques en grande caractéristique : algorithmes et complexité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0104.
Full textCounting points on algebraic curves has drawn a lot of attention due to its many applications from number theory and arithmetic geometry to cryptography and coding theory. In this thesis, we focus on counting points on hyperelliptic curves over finite fields of large characteristic p. In this setting, the most suitable algorithms are currently those of Schoof and Pila, because their complexities are polynomial in \log q. However, their dependency in the genus g of the curve is exponential, and this is already painful even in genus 3. Our contributions mainly consist of establishing new complexity bounds with a smaller dependency in g of the exponent of \log p. For hyperelliptic curves, previous work showed that it was quasi-quadratic, and we reduced it to a linear dependency. Restricting to more special families of hyperelliptic curves with explicit real multiplication (RM), we obtained a constant bound for this exponent.In genus 3, we proposed an algorithm based on those of Schoof and Gaudry-Harley-Schost whose complexity is prohibitive in general, but turns out to be reasonable when the input curves have explicit RM. In this more favorable case, we were able to count points on a hyperelliptic curve defined over a 64-bit prime field
Guermouche, Amina. "Nouveaux Protocoles de Tolérances aux Fautes pour les Applications MPI du Calcul Haute Performance." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666063.
Full textEmmanuel, Aurélien. "Courbes d'accumulations des machines à signaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1079.
Full textThis thesis studies a geometric computational model: signal machines. We show how to draw function graphs using-binary trees. In the world of cellular automata, we often consider particles or signals: structures that are periodic in time and space, that is, structures that move at constant speed. When several signals meet, a collision occurs, and the incoming signals can continue, disappear, or give rise to new signals, depending on the rules of the cellular automaton. Signal-machines are a computational model that takes these signals as basic building blocks. Visualized in a space-time diagram, with space on the horizontal axis and time running upwards, this model consists of calculating by drawing segments and half-lines. We draw segments upwards until two or more intersect, and then start new segments, according to predefined rules. Compared to cellular automata, signal-machines allow for the emergence of a new phenomenon: the density of signals can be arbitrarily large, even infinite, even when starting from a finite initial configuration. Such points in the space-time diagram, whose neighborhoods contain an infinity of signals, are called accumulation points.This new phenomenon allows us to define new problems geometrically. For example, what are the isolated accumulation points that can be achieved using rational initial positions and rational velocities? Can we make so the set of accumulation points is a segment? A Cantor set? In this thesis, we tackle the problem of characterizing the function graphs that can be drawn using an accumulation set. This work fits into the exploration of the computational power of signal-machines, which in turn fits into the study of the computational power of non-standard models. We show that the functions from a compact segment of the line of Real numbers whose graph coincides with the accumulation set of a signal machine are exactly the continuous functions. More generally, we show how signal machines can draw any lower semicontinuous function. We also study the question under computational constraints, with the following result: if a computable signal-machine diagram coincides with the graph of a Lipschitz-function of sufficiently small Lipschitz coefficient, then that function is the limit of a growing and computable sequence of rational step functions
Roynard, Xavier. "Sémantisation à la volée de nuages de points 3D acquis par systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM078.
Full textThis thesis is at the confluence of two worlds in rapid growth: autonomous cars and artificial intelligence (especially deep learning). As the first takes advantage of the second, autonomous vehicles are increasingly using deep learning methods to analyze the data produced by its various sensors (including LiDARs) and to make decisions. While deep learning methods have revolutionized image analysis (in classification and segmentation for example), they do not produce such spectacular results on 3D point clouds. This is particularly true because the datasets of annotated 3D point clouds are rare and of moderate quality. This thesis therefore presents a new dataset developed by mobile acquisition to produce enough data and annotated by hand to ensure a good quality of segmentation. In addition, these datasets are inherently unbalanced in number of samples per class and contain many redundant samples, so a sampling method adapted to these datasets is proposed. Another problem encountered when trying to classify a point from its neighbourhood as a voxel grid is the compromise between a fine discretization step (for accurately describing the surface adjacent to the point) and a large grid (to look for context a little further away). We therefore also propose network methods that take advantage of multi-scale neighbourhoods. These methods achieve the state of the art of point classification methods on public benchmarks. Finally, to respect the constraints imposed by embedded systems (real-time processing and low computing power), we present a method that allows convolutional layers to be applied only where there is information to be processed
Doumane, Amina. "On the infinitary proof theory of logics with fixed points." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC123/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the proof theory of logics with fixed points, such as the μ-calculus,linear-logic with fixed points, etc. These logics are usually equipped with finitary deductive systemsthat rely on Park’s rules for induction. other proof systems for these logics exist, which relyon infinitary proofs, but they are much less developped. This thesis contributes to reduce thisdeficiency by developing the infinitary proof-theory of logics with fixed points, with two domainsof application in mind: programming languages with (co)inductive data types and verification ofreactive systems.This thesis contains three parts. In the first part, we recall the two main approaches to theproof theory for logics with fixed points: the finitary and the infinitary one, then we show theirrelationships. In the second part, we argue that infinitary proofs have a true proof-theoreticalstatus by showing that the multiplicative additive linear-logic with fixed points admits focalizationand cut-elimination. In the third part, we apply our proof-theoretical investigations to obtain aconstructive proof of completeness for the linear-time μ-calculus w.r.t. Kozen’s axiomatization
Abelard, Simon. "Comptage de points de courbes hyperelliptiques en grande caractéristique : algorithmes et complexité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0104/document.
Full textCounting points on algebraic curves has drawn a lot of attention due to its many applications from number theory and arithmetic geometry to cryptography and coding theory. In this thesis, we focus on counting points on hyperelliptic curves over finite fields of large characteristic $p$. In this setting, the most suitable algorithms are currently those of Schoof and Pila, because their complexities are polynomial in $\log q$. However, their dependency in the genus $g$ of the curve is exponential, and this is already painful even in genus 3. Our contributions mainly consist of establishing new complexity bounds with a smaller dependency in $g$ of the exponent of $\log p$. For hyperelliptic curves, previous work showed that it was quasi-quadratic, and we reduced it to a linear dependency. Restricting to more special families of hyperelliptic curves with explicit real multiplication (RM), we obtained a constant bound for this exponent.In genus 3, we proposed an algorithm based on those of Schoof and Gaudry-Harley-Schost whose complexity is prohibitive in general, but turns out to be reasonable when the input curves have explicit RM. In this more favorable case, we were able to count points on a hyperelliptic curve defined over a 64-bit prime field
Costermans, Christian. "Calcul symbolique non commutatif : analyse des constantes d'arbre de fouille." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338482.
Full textNos travaux visant à appliquer des méthodes symboliques pour l'étude de ces variables aléatoires, nous remplaçons l'utilisation de multi-indices par des codages sur des alphabets distincts, et nous appuyons alors sur des résultats importants en combinatoire des mots pour les appliquer à nos suites de SHM, et aux fonctions polylogarithmes, qui sont des variantes des génératrices ordinaires des SHM. Dans les cas convergents, les deux objets convergent (respectivement lorsque z tend vers 1 et lorsque N tend vers l'infini) vers la même limite, appelée polyzêta. Pour les cas divergents, l'utilisation de séries génératrices non commutatives nous permet d'établir un théorème ``à l'Abel'', faisant apparaître une limite commune. Ce théorème permet de donner une forme explicite aux constantes d'Euler généralisées associées à des SHM divergentes et ainsi d'obtenir un algorithme très efficace pour calculer leur développement asymptotique.
Finalement, nous proposons des applications des sommes harmoniques dans le domaine des structures de données multidimensionnelles, pour lesquelles notre approche donne naissance à des calculs exacts, qui peuvent par la suite être aisément évalués asymptotiquement.
Grusea, Simona. "Applications du calcul des probabilités à la recherche de régions génomiques conservées." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377445.
Full textUn aspect important de notre démarche est le fait de prendre en compte l'existence des familles multigéniques. Dans la deuxième partie nous proposons trois mesures, basées sur la distance de transposition dans le groupe symétrique, pour quantifier l'exceptionalité de l'ordre des gènes dans des régions génomiques conservées. Nous avons obtenu des expressions analytiques pour leur distribution dans le cas d'une permutation aléatoire. Dans la troisième partie nous avons étudié la distribution du nombre de cycles dans le graphe des points de rupture d'une permutation signée aléatoire. Nous avons utilisé la technique ``Markov chain imbedding'' pour obtenir cette distribution en terme d'un produit de matrices de transition d'une certaine chaîne de Markov finie. La connaissance de cette
distribution fournit par la suite une très bonne approximation pour la distribution de la distance d'inversion.
Morlot, Thomas. "La gestion dynamique des relations hauteur-débit des stations d'hydrométrie et le calcul des incertitudes associées : un indicateur de gestion, de qualité et de suivi des points de mesure." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU029/document.
Full textDealer or owner operator of electricity production structures, EDF is responsible for their operation in safe condition and for the respect of the limits imposed by the regulations. Thus, the knowledge of water resources is one of EDF main concerns since the company remains preoccupied about the proper use of its facilities. The knowledge of streamflow is one of its priorities to better respond to three key issues that are plant safety, compliance with regulatory requirements, and optimizing the means of production. To meet these needs, EDF-DTG (Division Technique Générale) operates an observation network that includes both climatic parameters such as air and temperature, then the precipitations and the snow, but also the streamflow. The data collected allows real time monitoring of rivers, as well as hydrological studies and the sizing of structures. Ensuring the quality of the stream flow data is a priority. Up to now it is not possible to measure continuously the flow of a river since direct measurements of discharge are time consuming and expensive. In common cases the flow of a river can be deduced from continuous measurements of water level. Punctual measurements of discharge called gaugings allow to develop a stage-discharge relationship named rating curve. These are permanently installed equipment on rivers for measuring levels that are called hydrometric station. It is clear that the whole process constitutes an indirect way of estimating the discharge in rivers whose associated uncertainties need to be described. Quantification of confidence intervals is however not the only problem of the hydrometer. Fast changes in the stage-discharge relationship often make the streamflow real time monitoring quite difficult while the needs of continuous high reliability data is obvious. The historical method to produce the rating curve based on a construction from a suffcient number of gaugings chronologically contiguous and well distributed over the widest possible range of discharge remains poorly adapted to fast or cyclical changes of the stage-discharge relationship. The classical method does not take suffciently into account the erosion and sedimentation processes as well as the seasonal vegetation growth. Besides, the ability to perform gaugings by management teams generally remains quite limited. To get the most accurate streamflow data and to improve their reliability, this thesis explores an original dynamic method to compute rating curves based on historical gaugings from a hydrometric station while calculating the associated uncertainties. First, a dynamic rating curve assessment is created in order to compute a rating curve for each gauging of a considered hydrometric station. After the tracing, a model of uncertainty is built around each computed rating curve. It takes into account the uncertainty of gaugings, but also the uncertainty in the measurment of the water height, the sensitivity of the stage discharge relationship and the quality of the tracing. A variographic analysis is used to age the gaugings and the rating curves and obtain a final confidence interval increasing with time, and actualizing at each new gauging since it gives rise to a new rating curve more reliable because more recent for the prediction of discharge to come. Chronological series of streamflow data are the obtained homogeneously and with a confidence interval that takes into consideration the aging of the rating curves. By taking into account the variability of the flow conditions and the life of the hydrometric station, the method can answer important questions in the field of hydrometry such as « How many gauging a year have to be made so as to produce stream flow data with an average uncertainty of X\% ? » and « When and in which range of water flow do we have to realize those gaugings ? »
Mezzarobba, Marc. "Autour de l'évaluation numérique des fonctions D-finies." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00663017.
Full textMaddah, Sumayya Suzy. "Formal reduction of differential systems : Singularly-perturbed linear differential systems and completely integrable Pfaffian systems with normal crossings." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0065/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the local analysis of singularly-perturbed linear differential systems and completely integrable Pfaffian systems in several variables. Such systems have a vast literature and arise profoundly in applications. However, their symbolic resolution is still open to investigation. Our approaches rely on the state of art of formal reduction of singular linear systems of ordinary differential equations (ODS) over univariate fields. In the case of singularly-perturbed linear differential systems, the complications arise mainly from the phenomenon of turning points. We extend notions introduced for the treatment of ODS to such systems and generalize corresponding algorithms to construct formal solutions in a neighborhood of a singularity. The underlying components of the formal reduction proposed are stand-alone algorithms as well and serve different purposes (e.g. rank reduction, classification of singularities, computing restraining index). In the case of Pfaffian systems, the complications arise from the interdependence of the multiple components which constitute the former and the multivariate nature of the field within which reduction occurs. However, we show that the formal invariants of such systems can be retrieved from an associated ODS, which limits computations to univariate fields. Furthermore, we complement our work with a rank reduction algorithm and discuss the obstacles encountered. The techniques developed herein paves the way for further generalizations of algorithms available for univariate differential systems to bivariate and multivariate ones, for different types of systems of functional equations
García, Fontán Jorge. "Singularity and Stability Analysis of vision-based controllers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS015.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to explore the failure cases of Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS), a class of Robotics controllers based on computer vision data. The failure cases arise from two sources: the singularities of the governing kinematic equations, and the existance of multiple stable points of equilibrium, which impacts the global asymptotic stability of the control laws. In this thesis, we study these two problems from a rigurous mathematical perspective and with the help of exact computational tools from algebraic geometry and computer algebra. Two main objectives were achieved. The first is to determine the conditions for singularity for the interaction model related to the observation of more than three straight lines in space, which extends the previous existing results for three lines. The second is the computation of the critical points (the equilibrium points) of IBVS in the observation of four reference points, as a first step towards an analysis of the global stability behaviour of visual servoing
Le, Huu Phuoc. "On solving parametric polynomial systems and quantifier elimination over the reals : algorithms, complexity and implementations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS554.
Full textSolving polynomial systems is an active research area located between computer sciences and mathematics. It finds many applications in various fields of engineering and sciences (robotics, biology, cryptography, imaging, optimal control). In symbolic computation, one studies and designs efficient algorithms that compute exact solutions to those applications, which could be very delicate for numerical methods because of the non-linearity of the given systems. Most applications in engineering are interested in the real solutions to the system. The development of algorithms to deal with polynomial systems over the reals is based on the concepts of effective real algebraic geometry in which the class of semi-algebraic sets constitute the main objects. This thesis focuses on three problems below, which appear in many applications and are widely studied in computer algebra and effective real algebraic geometry: - Classify the real solutions of a parametric polynomial system according to the parameters' value; - Elimination of quantifiers; - Computation of the isolated points of a semi-algebraic set. We designed new symbolic algorithms with better complexity than the state-of-the-art. In practice, our efficient implementations of these algorithms are capable of solving applications beyond the reach of the state-of-the-art software
Fond, Antoine. "Localisation par l'image en milieu urbain : application à la réalité augmentée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0028/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of localization in urban areas. Inferring accurate positioning in the city is important in many applications such as augmented reality or mobile robotics. However, systems based on inertial sensors (IMUs) are subject to significant drifts and GPS data can suffer from a valley effect that limits their accuracy. A natural solution is to rely on the camera pose estimation in computer vision. We notice that buildings are the main visual landmarks of human beings but also objects of interest for augmented reality applications. We therefore aim to compute the camera pose relatively to a database of known reference buildings from a single image. The problem is twofold : find the visible references in the current image (place recognition) and compute the camera pose relatively to them. Conventional approaches to these two sub-problems are challenged in urban environments due to strong perspective effects, frequent repetitions and visual similarity between facades. While specific approaches to these environments have been developed that exploit the high structural regularity of such environments, they still suffer from a number of limitations in terms of detection and recognition of facades as well as pose computation through model registration. The original method developed in this thesis is part of these specific approaches and aims to overcome these limitations in terms of effectiveness and robustness to clutter and changes of viewpoints and illumination. For do so, the main idea is to take advantage of recent advances in deep learning by convolutional neural networks to extract high-level information on which geometric models can be based. Our approach is thus mixed Bottom- Up/Top-Down and is divided into three key stages. We first propose a method to estimate the rotation of the camera pose. The 3 main vanishing points of the image of urban environnement, known as Manhattan vanishing points, are detected by a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates both these vanishing points and the image segmentation relative to them. A second refinement step uses this information and image segmentation in a Bayesian model to estimate these points effectively and more accurately. By estimating the camera’s rotation, the images can be rectified and thus free from perspective effects to find the translation. In a second contribution, we aim to detect the facades in these rectified images to recognize them among a database of known buildings and estimate a rough translation. For the sake of efficiency, a series of cues based on facade specific characteristics (repetitions, symmetry, semantics) have been proposed to enable the fast selection of facade proposals. Then they are classified as facade or non-facade according to a new contextual CNN descriptor. Finally, the matching of the detected facades to the references is done by a nearest neighbor search using a metric learned on these descriptors. Eventually we propose a method to refine the estimation of the translation relying on the semantic segmentation inferred by a CNN for its robustness to changes of illumination ans small deformations. If we can already estimate a rough translation from these detected facades, we choose to refine this result by relying on the se- mantic segmentation of the image inferred from a CNN for its robustness to changes of illuminations and small deformations. Since the facade is identified in the previous step, we adopt a model-based approach by registration. Since the problems of registration and segmentation are linked, a Bayesian model is proposed which enables both problems to be jointly solved. This joint processing improves the results of registration and segmentation while remaining efficient in terms of computation time. These three parts have been validated on consistent community data sets. The results show that our approach is fast and more robust to changes in shooting conditions than previous methods
Barkatou, My Abdelfattah. "Contribution à l'étude des équations différentielles et aux différences dans le champ complexe." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332857.
Full textKalantari, Mahzad. "APPROCHE DIRECTE DE L'ESTIMATION AUTOMATIQUE DE L'ORIENTATION 3D D'IMAGES." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433525.
Full textFond, Antoine. "Localisation par l'image en milieu urbain : application à la réalité augmentée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0028.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of localization in urban areas. Inferring accurate positioning in the city is important in many applications such as augmented reality or mobile robotics. However, systems based on inertial sensors (IMUs) are subject to significant drifts and GPS data can suffer from a valley effect that limits their accuracy. A natural solution is to rely on the camera pose estimation in computer vision. We notice that buildings are the main visual landmarks of human beings but also objects of interest for augmented reality applications. We therefore aim to compute the camera pose relatively to a database of known reference buildings from a single image. The problem is twofold : find the visible references in the current image (place recognition) and compute the camera pose relatively to them. Conventional approaches to these two sub-problems are challenged in urban environments due to strong perspective effects, frequent repetitions and visual similarity between facades. While specific approaches to these environments have been developed that exploit the high structural regularity of such environments, they still suffer from a number of limitations in terms of detection and recognition of facades as well as pose computation through model registration. The original method developed in this thesis is part of these specific approaches and aims to overcome these limitations in terms of effectiveness and robustness to clutter and changes of viewpoints and illumination. For do so, the main idea is to take advantage of recent advances in deep learning by convolutional neural networks to extract high-level information on which geometric models can be based. Our approach is thus mixed Bottom- Up/Top-Down and is divided into three key stages. We first propose a method to estimate the rotation of the camera pose. The 3 main vanishing points of the image of urban environnement, known as Manhattan vanishing points, are detected by a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates both these vanishing points and the image segmentation relative to them. A second refinement step uses this information and image segmentation in a Bayesian model to estimate these points effectively and more accurately. By estimating the camera’s rotation, the images can be rectified and thus free from perspective effects to find the translation. In a second contribution, we aim to detect the facades in these rectified images to recognize them among a database of known buildings and estimate a rough translation. For the sake of efficiency, a series of cues based on facade specific characteristics (repetitions, symmetry, semantics) have been proposed to enable the fast selection of facade proposals. Then they are classified as facade or non-facade according to a new contextual CNN descriptor. Finally, the matching of the detected facades to the references is done by a nearest neighbor search using a metric learned on these descriptors. Eventually we propose a method to refine the estimation of the translation relying on the semantic segmentation inferred by a CNN for its robustness to changes of illumination ans small deformations. If we can already estimate a rough translation from these detected facades, we choose to refine this result by relying on the se- mantic segmentation of the image inferred from a CNN for its robustness to changes of illuminations and small deformations. Since the facade is identified in the previous step, we adopt a model-based approach by registration. Since the problems of registration and segmentation are linked, a Bayesian model is proposed which enables both problems to be jointly solved. This joint processing improves the results of registration and segmentation while remaining efficient in terms of computation time. These three parts have been validated on consistent community data sets. The results show that our approach is fast and more robust to changes in shooting conditions than previous methods
Santoso, Mas Simon. "Simulation d'écoulements fluides à partir de données réelles." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0011.
Full textPoints clouds are mathematical objects that allows to describe discretely multivariable functions. They are mainly used in the statistical domain but also in geometrical manifolds. It is nowadays a real challenge to immerse the previous manifolds in finite element computation. Indeed, the immersion of those points clouds requires the reconstruction of the surface of the manifold and the generation of a surfacic mesh. As those operations are often based on an iterative process, they are extremely time-consuming as points clouds are usually massive. The method developed in this thesis allows to immerse points clouds in a meshed domain without the surface reconstruction and mesh generations steps. For that purpose, we use the Volume Immersion Method adapted to point clouds. We coupled this method with an adaped mesh generation technique. Then we are able to generate a monolithic anisotropic mesh, adapted around interest zones. We also use the variational multi-scale method to simulate fluid flow. This method is an extension of the classical finite element method and allows to simulate fluid flow. The last part of this thesis introduce some applications cases in the aerodynamic and urbans domains
Thiam, C. O. "Dosimétrie en radiothérapie et curiethérapie par simulation Monte-Carlo GATE sur grille informatique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196405.
Full textVitu, Stéphane. "Développement d'une méthode de contributions de groupes pour le calcul du coefficient d'interaction binaire de l'équation d'état de Peng-Robinson et mesures d'équilibres liquide-vapeur de systèmes contenant du CO2." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL080N/document.
Full textA group contribution method allowing the estimation of the temperature dependent binary interaction parameter (kij) for the Peng Robinson equation of state is proposed. Doing so, a new predictive thermodynamic model is born. Twelve groups are defined and it is now possible to estimate the kij for any mixture containing alkanes, aromatics, naphthenes and CO2, whatever the temperature. The model, called PPR78 (Predictive 1978, Peng Robinson equation of state), gives a good description of the phase diagrams and critical locus of binary systems. This predictive model can be successfully employed for the simulation of many mixtures such as natural gases and petroleum fluids. Using a high pressure visual cell, vapor liquid equilibria measurements were made for two binary systems: CO2 methylcyclopentane and CO2 isopropylcyclohexane. For these two systems, no literature data were available. Finally, we measured bubble and dew points on a five component hydrocarbon mixture in the presence of CO2
Jafar, Samir. "Programmation des systèmes parallèles distribués : tolérance aux pannes, résilience et adaptabilité." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085169.
Full textDans ce travail, la représentation de l'état de l'exécution d'un programme parallèle est un graphe, dynamique, de flot de données construit à l'exécution. Cette description du parallélisme est indépendante du nombre de ressources et donc exploitée pour résoudre les problèmes liés à la dynamicité des plateformes considérées. La définition de formats portables pour la représentation des noeuds du graphe résout les problèmes d'hétérogénéité. La sauvegarde du graphe de flot de données d'une application durant son exécution sur une plateforme, constitue des points de reprise pour cette application. Par la suite, une reprise est possible sur un autre type ou nombre de processus. Deux méthodes de sauvegarde / reprise, avec une analyse formelle de leurs complexités, sont présentées : SEL (Systematic Event Logging) et TIC (Theft-Induced Checkpointing). Des mesures expérimentales d'un prototype sur des applications caractéristiques montrent que le surcoût à l'exécution peut être amorti, permettant d'envisager des exécutions tolérantes aux pannes qui passent à l'échelle.
Angladon, Vincent. "Room layout estimation on mobile devices." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20745/1/ANGLADON_Vincent.pdf.
Full textAkhbari, Mahsa. "Analyse des intervalles ECG inter- et intra-battement sur des modèles d'espace d'état et de Markov cachés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT026.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of mortality in humans. One way to diagnose heart diseases and abnormalities is processing of cardiac signals such as ECG. In many of these processes, inter-beat and intra-beat features of ECG signal must be extracted. These features include peak, onset and offset of ECG waves, meaningful intervals and segments that can be defined for ECG signal. ECG fiducial point (FP) extraction refers to identifying the location of the peak as well as the onset and offset of the P-wave, QRS complex and T-wave which convey clinically useful information. However, the precise segmentation of each ECG beat is a difficult task, even for experienced cardiologists.In this thesis, we use a Bayesian framework based on the McSharry ECG dynamical model for ECG FP extraction. Since this framework is based on the morphology of ECG waves, it can be useful for ECG segmentation and interval analysis. In order to consider the time sequential property of ECG signal, we also use the Markovian approach and hidden Markov models (HMM). In brief in this thesis, we use dynamic model (Kalman filter), sequential model (HMM) and their combination (switching Kalman filter (SKF)). We propose three Kalman-based methods, an HMM-based method and a SKF-based method. We use the proposed methods for ECG FP extraction and ECG interval analysis. Kalman-based methods are also used for ECG denoising, T-wave alternans (TWA) detection and fetal ECG R-peak detection.To evaluate the performance of proposed methods for ECG FP extraction, we use the "Physionet QT database", and a "Swine ECG database" that include ECG signal annotations by physicians. For ECG denoising, we use the "MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm", "MIT-BIH Arrhythmia" and "MIT-BIH noise stress test" databases. "TWA Challenge 2008 database" is used for TWA detection and finally, "Physionet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2013 database" is used for R-peak detection of fetal ECG. In ECG FP extraction, the performance of the proposed methods are evaluated in terms of mean, standard deviation and root mean square of error. We also calculate the Sensitivity for methods. For ECG denoising, we compare methods in their obtained SNR improvement
Duraffourg, Simon. "Analyse de la tenue en endurance de caisses automobiles soumises à des profils de mission sévérisés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1142.
Full textA body-in-white (biw) is a complex structure which consists of several elements that are made of different materials and assembled mainly by spot welds, generally above 80%. At the design stage, several criteria must be verified numerically and experimentally by the car prototype, as the biw durability. In the current economic context, the policy of reducing energy and other costs led automotive companies to optimize the vehicle performances, in particular by reducing very consistently the mass of the biw. As a consequences, some structural design problems appeared. In order to be validated, validation test benches are carried out upstream on a prototype vehicle. They are very costly to the manufacturer, especially when fatigue tests do not confirm the cracks areas identified by numerical simulations. The thesis is focused on numerical biw durability analysis. It covers all the numerical analysis to be implemented to study the biw durability behavior. The main objective is to develop a numerical simulation process to ensure a good level of durability prediction. It means to be able to have a good correlation level between test bench results and numerical fatigue life prediction. This thesis has led to:_ analyze the biw mechanical behavior and the excitation forces applied to the biw during the validation tests,_ establish a new fatigue data editing technique to simplify load signal,_ create a new finite element spot weld model,_ develop a new fatigue life prediction of spot welds. The studies have thus improved the level of biw fatigue life prediction by:_ identifying the majority of critical areas on the full biw,_ reliably assessing the relative criticality of each area,_ accurately estimating the lifetime associated with each of these areas
Boufama, Boubakeur. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle en vision par ordinateur : cas des caméras non étalonnées." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005080.
Full textNous nous plaçons dans le cas général d'une séquence d'images obtenues avec une ou plusieurs caméras inconnues. Quand seuls les points observés dans les images sont utilisés la seule reconstruction possible est de type projective. Nous proposons d'abord une méthode pour calculer la reconstruction projective, ensuite, nous montrons comment passer d'une telle reconstruction à une reconstruction euclidienne. Ce passage utilise des contraintes euclidiennes issues de connaissances a priori sur la scène tridimensionnelle. Enfin, nous proposons une méthode de reconstruction euclidienne lorsque les paramètres intrinsèques des caméras sont approximativement connus. Cette méthode utilise un paramétrage permettant une grande stabilité dans les calculs
Toutes les méthodes proposées sont validées avec des exemples d'images réelles et simulées
Almansa, Andrés. "Echantillonnage, interpolation et détection : applications en imagerie satellitaire." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665725.
Full textDigne, Julie. "Inverse geometry : from the raw point cloud to the 3d surface : theory and algorithms." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610432.
Full textLe, Garrec Thomas. "Simulation directe du bruit de bord de fuite d'un profil par une méthode multi domaines." Phd thesis, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004430.
Full textMokhtari, Djamila. "Détection des chutes par calcul homographique." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8869.
Full textThe main objective of video surveillance is to protect persons and property by detecting any abnormal behavior. This is not possible without detecting motion in the image. This process is often based on the concept of subtraction of the scene background. However in video tracking, the cameras are themselves often in motion, causing a significant change of the background. So, background subtraction techniques become problematic. We propose in this work a motion detection approach, with the example application of fall detection. This approach is free of background subtraction for a rotating surveillance camera. The method uses the camera rotation to detect motion by using homographic calculation. Our results on synthetic and real video sequences demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Tournier, Evelyne. "Solutions formelles d'équations différentielles : le logiciel de calcul formel DESIR : étude théorique et réalisation." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323706.
Full textBoufama, Boubakeur. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle en vision par ordinateur : cas des cameras non etalonnees." Phd thesis, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005080.
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