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Journal articles on the topic 'Calcium intake'
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Tordoff, M. G., R. L. Hughes, and D. M. Pilchak. "Independence of salt intake from the hormones regulating calcium homeostasis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): R500—R512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.3.r500.
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Rats deprived of dietary calcium increase voluntary intake of NaCl solutions. We investigated whether the major hormones controlling calcium homeostasis are responsible for this increase in salt intake. Removing endogenous sources of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone by thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy had no effect on NaCl intake. The surgically compromised rats and their intact controls drank similar amounts of NaCl in response to manipulations of diet calcium content. Despite normal NaCl intakes, rats with parathyroidectomy had low plasma calcium concentrations and a strong appetite for 50 mM CaCl2 solution. Chronic infusion of parathyroid hormone into rats with thyroparathyroidectomy decreased NaCl intake. Intact rats fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76A-based vitamin D-deficient diet increased NaCl intake slightly and showed a strong appetite for CaCl2, but other rats maintained normocalcemic by the addition of calcium, phosphorus, and lactose to the vitamin D-deficient diet had normal NaCl and CaCl2 intakes. Chronic infusions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 into intact rats had no effect on NaCl intake. Taken together, these results indicate that the increase in NaCl intake produced by calcium deprivation is not mediated by changes in circulating levels of calcium, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Furthermore, the major calcium-regulating hormones are not involved in the control of "spontaneous" NaCl intake in the rat.
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Patel, Prerna, M. Zulf Mughal, Pinal Patel, Bhrugu Yagnik, Neha Kajale, Rubina Mandlik, Vaman Khadilkar, et al. "Dietary calcium intake influences the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 4 (September 10, 2015): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308985.
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ObjectivesTo investigate whether dietary calcium intake will modify the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) with intact serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in apparently healthy Indian adolescents.Study designCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsApparently healthy adolescents aged 10–14 years (n=181), from Gujarat, western India. Study conducted from January 2012 to March 2014.MethodsSerum 25OHD concentrations and intact serum PTH concentrations (both using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay) were measured. Diet was recorded through 24 h diet recall and calcium intake was computed (C-diet V.2.1). To assess relationship between 25OHD and PTH, data were dichotomised according to median calcium intakes (520 mg/day) and relationship between serum 25OHD and PTH in the two subgroups was plotted.ResultsSubjects with calcium intakes above median (>520 mg/day) had lower intact serum PTH values for given serum 25OHD concentration while those with calcium intakes below median (<520 mg/day) had higher intact serum PTH values for given serum 25OHD concentration. Serum 25OHD concentration was negatively correlated with intact serum PTH concentration at lower as well as higher calcium intakes (r=− 0.606 and −0.483, respectively, p<0.01 for both). Using a regression analysis, predicted values for intact serum PTH concentration for the given serum 25OHD concentrations were plotted. The plot revealed a negative shift with increasing calcium intake.ConclusionsDietary calcium intake modifies the relationship between serum 25OHD concentrations and intact serum PTH concentrations. Thus, dietary calcium intake should be taken into account when assessing an individual's vitamin D status.
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Webster, Brenda L., and Susan I. Barr. "Calcium Intakes of Adolescent Female Gymnasts and Speed Skaters: Lack of Association with Dieting Behavior." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.5.1.2.
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Calcium intake and its association with dieting behavior were assessed in female adolescents competing in an aesthetic and a nonaesthetic sport (gymnastics and speed skating). Athletes were 25 skaters and 32 gymnasts competing at a provincial level or higher. Calcium intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; dieting behavior by the Eating Attitudes Test Dieting subscale; and body composition by skinfolds, height, and weight. Mean calcium intakes of both groups of athletes exceeded Canadian recommendations, and skaters' mean intakes exceeded U.S. recommendations; however, many individuals had low intakes. Gymnasts were leaner than skaters and had lower calcium intakes, but this difference was not associated with Dieting subscale scores, which were similar between sports and were not correlated with calcium intake. Athletes had higher mean calcium intakes than normally active adolescents studied (measured with a similar protocol) and had lower Dieting subscale scores. Thus, although calcium intakes of some athletes require attention, sport participation was associated with increased intakes. Also, for these athletes, dieting behavior did not directly interfere with calcium intake.
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Vatanparast, Hassanali, Jadwiga H. Dolega-Cieszkowski, and Susan J. Whiting. "Many adult Canadians are not meeting current calcium recommendations from food and supplement intake." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 2 (April 2009): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-005.
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The objective of this study was to determine trends in calcium intake from foods of Canadian adults from 1970–1972 to 2004. We compiled the calcium intake of adults (aged ≥19 years) from foods from Nutrition Canada (1970–1972; n = 7036); 9 provincial nutrition surveys (1990–1999; n = 16 915); and the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 (n = 20 197). Where possible, we used published confidence intervals to test for significant differences in calcium intake. In 2004, the mean calcium intake of Canadians was below Dietary Reference Intake recommendations for most adults, with the greatest difference in older adults (≥51 years), in part because the recommended calcium intake for this group is higher (1200 mg) than that for younger adults (1000 mg). The calcium intake of males in every age category was greater than that of females. Calcium intake increased from 1970 to 2004, yet, despite the introduction of calcium-fortified beverages to the market in the late 1990s, increases in calcium intake between 1970 and 2004 were modest. Calcium intakes in provinces were mostly similar in the 1990s and in 2004, except for women in Newfoundland and Labrador, who consumed less, especially in the 1990s, and for young men in 2004 in Prince Edward Island, who consumed more. When supplemental calcium intake was added, mean intakes remained below recommended levels, except for males 19–30 years, but the prevalence of adequacy increased in all age groups, notably for women over 50 years. The calcium intake of Canadian adults remains in need of improvement, despite fortification and supplement use.
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Tordoff, M. G. "Adrenalectomy decreases NaCl intake of rats fed low-calcium diets." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): R11—R21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.1.r11.
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Five studies were conducted to characterize the effects on NaCl intake of the interaction between adrenalectomy (ADX) and dietary calcium. Intact rats fed low-calcium diets (0 or 25 mmol Ca2+/kg diet) approximately quadrupled intake of 300 or 500 mM NaCl solution relative to intact rats fed diets with moderate or high calcium content (125, 150, or 500 mmol Ca2+/kg diet) ADX approximately doubled NaCl intake of rats fed moderate or high-calcium diets but decreased NaCl intake of rats fed low-calcium diets to levels similar to those of ADX rats fed moderate of high-calcium diets. Aldosterone replacement (2.4 micrograms/day sc) reduced NaCl intake of ADX rats fed control diets to below levels of intact controls, but the same treatment to ADX rats fed low-calcium diet had no effect on NaCl intake. The reduction in NaCl intake produced by ADX in rats fed low-calcium diet could not be attributed to general debilitation, damage to the adrenal medulla, or altered metabolism of sodium or calcium (i.e., plasma concentration, bone content, or balance). It is proposed that an adrenocortical hormone other than aldosterone mediates the high salt intake of the calcium-deprived rat, and thus the adrenal has both inhibitory and excitatory actions on NaCl intake.
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Morisset, Anne-Sophie, Hope A. Weiler, Lise Dubois, Jillian Ashley-Martin, Gabriel D. Shapiro, Linda Dodds, Isabelle Massarelli, Michel Vigneault, Tye E. Arbuckle, and William D. Fraser. "Rankings of iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes in relation to maternal characteristics of pregnant Canadian women." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 7 (July 2016): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0588.
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Iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes in the prenatal period are important determinants of maternal and fetal health. The objective of this study was to examine iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes from diet and supplements in relation to maternal characteristics. Data were collected in a subsample of 1186 pregnant women from the Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a cohort study including pregnant women recruited from 10 Canadian sites between 2008 and 2011. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to obtain rankings of iron, calcium, and vitamin D intake (16–21 weeks of pregnancy). Intakes from supplements were obtained from a separate questionnaire (6–13 weeks of pregnancy). Women were divided into 2 groups according to the median total intake of each nutrient. Supplement intake was an important contributor to total iron intake (median 74%, interquartile range (IQR) 0%–81%) and total vitamin D intake (median 60%, IQR 0%–73%), while the opposite was observed for calcium (median 18%, IQR 0%–27%). Being born outside of Canada was significantly associated with lower total intakes of iron, vitamin D, and calcium (p ≤ 0.01 for all). Consistent positive indicators of supplement use (iron, vitamin D, and calcium) were maternal age over 30 years and holding a university degree. In conclusion, among Canadian women, the probability of having lower iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes is higher among those born outside Canada; supplement intake is a major contributor to total iron and vitamin D intakes; and higher education level and age over 30 years are associated with supplement intake.
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Yen, Peggy K. "Maximizing calcium intake." Geriatric Nursing 16, no. 2 (March 1995): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(05)80014-x.
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Heaney, R. P. "Optimal calcium intake." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 274, no. 13 (October 4, 1995): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.274.13.1012.
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Heaney, Robert P. "Optimal Calcium Intake." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 274, no. 13 (October 4, 1995): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530130018011.
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Bilezikian, John P. "Optimal Calcium Intake." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 24 (December 28, 1994): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520240070044.
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Oliveira, Cristiane Franco de, Carla Rosane da Silveira, Mariur Beghetto, Paula Daniel de Mello, and Elza Daniel de Mello. "Assessment of calcium intake by adolescents." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 32, no. 2 (June 2014): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-0582201432211913.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the daily calcium intake of adolescents in schools from Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, to check if calcium intake is in accordance with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), and to investigate variables associated with daily calcium intake.METHODS: Cross-sectional study approved by the Institutional Review Board and developed in 2010. Students of the 8th grade completed questionnaires with personal data and questions about the calcium-rich foods intake frequency. In order to compare students with adequate (1300mg) or inadequate intake of calcium/day (<1300mg), parametric and nonparametric tests were used.RESULTS: A total of 214 students with a mean age of 14.3±1.0 years were enrolled. The median daily calcium intake was 540mg (interquartile range - IQ: 312-829mg) and only 25 students (11.7%) had calcium intake within the recommendations of the DRI for age. Soft drink consumption ≥3 times/week was associated with a lower intake of calcium.CONCLUSIONS: Few students ingested adequate levels of calcium for the age group. It is necessary to develop a program to encourage a greater intake of calcium-rich foods in adolescence.
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Prentice, Ann, Landing M. A. Jarjou, Dorothy M. Stirling, Rochelle Buffenstein, and Susan Fairweather-Tait. "Biochemical Markers of Calcium and Bone Metabolism during 18 Months of Lactation in Gambian Women Accustomed to a Low Calcium Intake and in Those Consuming a Calcium Supplement1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.4.4737.
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The effect of 18 months of lactation on indexes of calcium and bone metabolism was studied in 60 Gambian women accustomed to a very low calcium intake. Half the women consumed a calcium supplement from 10 days postpartum for 52 weeks (supplement, 714 mg Ca/day; total Ca intake, 992 ± 114 mg/day), and half consumed placebo (total Ca intake, 288 ± 128 mg/day). Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected at 1.5, 13, 52, and 78 weeks of lactation and analyzed for calciotropic hormones (intact PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and calcitonin), bone turnover markers (osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and urinary deoxypyridinoline), and plasma minerals (calcium and phosphate). The first months of lactation were associated with increased bone turnover and plasma phosphate, and decreased PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. These effects diminished by 52 weeks, although breast milk volumes remained high. The Gambians had higher PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and bone formation than British women with a greater customary calcium intake. None of the biochemical indexes was affected by calcium supplementation, with the possible exception of bone alkaline phosphatase (−29% at 52 weeks; P = 0.015). These data demonstrate that lactation-associated changes in calcium and bone metabolism are physiological and are independent of dietary calcium supply in women with very low calcium intakes.
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Davies, K. Michael, Robert P. Heaney, Robert R. Recker, Joan M. Lappe, M. Janet Barger-Lux, Karen Rafferty, and Sharilyn Hinders. "Calcium Intake and Body Weight1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 4635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7063.
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Five clinical studies of calcium intake, designed with a primary skeletal end point, were reevaluated to explore associations between calcium intake and body weight. All subjects were women, clustered in three main age groups: 3rd, 5th, and 8th decades. Total sample size was 780. Four of the studies were observational; two were cross-sectional, in which body mass index was regressed against entry level calcium intake; and two were longitudinal, in which change in weight over time was regressed against calcium intake. One study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of calcium supplementation, in which change in weight during the course of study was evaluated as a function of treatment status. Significant negative associations between calcium intake and weight were found for all three age groups, and the odds ratio for being overweight (body mass index, >26) was 2.25 for young women in the lower half of the calcium intakes of their respective study groups (P < 0.02). Relative to placebo, the calcium-treated subjects in the controlled trial exhibited a significant weight loss across nearly 4 yr of observation. Estimates of the relationship indicate that a 1000-mg calcium intake difference is associated with an 8-kg difference in mean body weight and that calcium intake explains ∼3% of the variance in body weight.
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Slawson, Deborah Leachman, Barbara S. McClanahan, Linda H. Clemens, Kenneth D. Ward, Robert C. Klesges, Christopher M. Vukadinovich, and Edwin D. Cantler. "Food Sources of Calcium in a Sample of African-American and Euro-American Collegiate Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 11, no. 2 (June 2001): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.11.2.199.
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Adequate calcium intake is integral to bone health as well as for optimal athletic performance. This study was conducted to investigate: (a) food sources of calcium in a sample of collegiate athletes, (b) gender and/or ethnic differences in food sources of calcium, and (c) whether athletes that derive less of their calcium intake from dairy sources increase their calcium intake from supplements or other food sources. Participants were African-American and Euro-American NCAA Division 1-A athletes. Eighty-five men and 59 women participated. Calcium intake for the previous 7-day period was assessed with a brief calcium screen.Men consumed significantly more calcium than women (1,354 vs. 898 mg/day), with female cross-country runners exhibiting the lowest average intake (605 mg/day). Both men and women obtained the majority of their calcium from dairy products and mixed dishes, while men consumed significantly more calcium-fortified foods. Several gender and ethnic interactions for calcium intake from food groups were found. Mean total dairy calcium intake was found to vary according to total calcium intake in men, and supplemental calcium was not used to augment low dairy intakes of calcium in any group.While African-Americans and Euro-Americans athletes were consuming similar levels of calcium, the female athletes in the sample did not get adequate amounts.
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Zareef, Tahani A., Robert T. Jackson, and Abdulkareem A. Alkahtani. "Vitamin D Intake among Premenopausal Women Living in Jeddah: Food Sources and Relationship to Demographic Factors and Bone Health." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8570986.
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Background. Saudi women depend on food sources to maintain their serum 25(OH) D concentrations because covering by traditional clothing and time spent indoors limit their sun exposure. Little is known about vitamin D intake and its main food sources in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the association between vitamin D and calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in young women is not well researched.Objectives. To assess the adequacy of vitamin D intake among Saudi women as compared to the estimated average requirements (EARs), to identify dietary vitamin D sources, to examine potential determinants of vitamin D intake, and to assess bone health and the association of calcium and vitamin D intake with BMD.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 257 premenopausal women aged 20–50 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Dietary vitamin D and calcium were assessed by the Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of womenn=102at the lumbar spine and femur neck.Results. Sixty-five percent of women were below the EAR for vitamin D, and 61% fell below the EAR for calcium. Dairy products, supplements, and fish contributed most to vitamin D intake. Increased age was an independent determinant of sufficient vitamin D intakep<0.001. The prevalence of osteopenia was 33% in the lumbar spine and 30% in the femur neck. There was a significant positive association between calcium intake and BMD at the lumbar spinep=0.043after controlling for body mass index and energy intake. Vitamin D intake was not significantly different between women with low and normal bone mass.Conclusion. Premenopausal women in Jeddah have insufficient vitamin D and calcium intakes. Public health strategies to improve nutrition in young women are needed, and expanding fortification programs to include all dairy products would be useful.
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Pu, Fan, Ning Chen, and Shenghui Xue. "Calcium intake, calcium homeostasis and health." Food Science and Human Wellness 5, no. 1 (March 2016): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.01.001.
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Fujita, Takuo. "Calcium intake, calcium absorption, and osteoporosis." Calcified Tissue International 58, no. 4 (April 1996): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02508637.
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Fujita, Takuo. "Calcium Intake, Calcium Absorption, and Osteoporosis." Calcified Tissue International 58, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900036.
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Du, Chen, Pao Ying Hsiao, Mary-Jon Ludy, and Robin M. Tucker. "Relationships between Dairy and Calcium Intake and Mental Health Measures of Higher Education Students in the United States: Outcomes from Moderation Analyses." Nutrients 14, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040775.
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Background: The prevalence of mental health concerns among university students in the United States (U.S.) continues to increase, while current treatments, including medication and counseling, present shortcomings. Higher dairy and calcium intakes are associated with protective effects on mental health; however, previous studies have focused on investigating singular relationships between dairy and calcium intakes and mental health measures. A more complex exploration of these relationships is warranted to better examine whether increasing dairy and calcium intakes could serve as an intervention to improve mental health. The present study sought to further characterize the relationships between dairy and calcium intake, perceived stress, and a variety of mental health measures using linear regression and moderation analyses. Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved students studying at three large U.S. universities, and data collection occurred from April to May 2020 when students were learning remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey comprising validated tools was distributed among students to assess dairy and calcium intake, perceived stress, anxiety, negative and positive moods, rumination, and resilience, sleep quality and duration, dietary risk, and physical activity. Results: A total of 1233 students completed the study. Higher dairy and calcium intake was coincident with lower perceived stress and higher positive mood scores, while higher calcium intake was also coincident with lower anxiety, rumination, and higher resilience scores. Additionally, as calcium intake increased, the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety and the relationship between perceived stress and negative mood weakened. Dairy intake did not have this effect. Conclusions: Based on the results, and considering that calcium is a shortfall nutrient, universities should consider initiating programs and public health campaigns to promote dairy and calcium intake among this population.
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Bristow, Sarah M., Anne M. Horne, Greg D. Gamble, Borislav Mihov, Angela Stewart, and Ian R. Reid. "Dietary Calcium Intake and Bone Loss Over 6 Years in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 8 (March 21, 2019): 3576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00111.
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Abstract Context Calcium intakes are commonly lower than the recommended levels, and increasing calcium intake is often recommended for bone health. Objective To determine the relationship between dietary calcium intake and rate of bone loss in older postmenopausal women. Participants Analysis of observational data collected from a randomized controlled trial. Participants were osteopenic (hip T-scores between −1.0 and −2.5) women, aged >65 years, not receiving therapy for osteoporosis nor taking calcium supplements. Women from the total cohort (n = 1994) contributed data to the analysis of calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline, and women from the placebo group (n = 698) contributed data to the analysis of calcium intake and change in BMD. BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) of the spine, total hip, femoral neck, and total body were measured three times over 6 years. Results Mean calcium intake was 886 mg/day. Baseline BMDs were not related to quintile of calcium intake at any site, before or after adjustment for baseline age, height, weight, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking status, and past hormone replacement use. There was no relationship between bone loss and quintile of calcium intake at any site, with or without adjustment for covariables. Total body bone balance (i.e., change in BMC) was unrelated to an individuals’ calcium intake (P = 0.99). Conclusions Postmenopausal bone loss is unrelated to dietary calcium intake. This suggests that strategies to increase calcium intake are unlikely to impact the prevalence of and morbidity from postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Gannagé-Yared, Chemali, Sfeir, Maalouf, and Halaby. "Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D Intake in an Adult Middle Eastern Population: Food Sources and Relation to Lifestyle and PTH." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 75, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.4.281.
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Little is known about calcium and vitamin D intakes in Middle Eastern countries, where the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high. This study identifies major sources of calcium and vitamin D in the Lebanese diet, examines lifestyle factors that may influence intake of these nutrients and investigates the relationship between nutritional or lifestyle factors and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Three hundred sixteen young healthy volunteers aged 30 to 50 (men, non-veiled and veiled women) were recruited from different rural and urban Lebanese community centers. Food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the consumption of vitamin D and calcium-rich foods. We also measured serum PTH levels. Mean daily calcium and vitamin D intake were respectively 683.8 ± 281.2 mg and 100.6 ± 71.0 IU. Daily vitamin D sources were divided as follows: 30.4 ± 46.4 IU from milk and dairy products, 28.2 ± 26.3 IU from meat and poultry, 25.8 ± 25 IU from fish, 8.5 ± 8.6 IU from eggs, and 7.8 ± 14.3 IU from sweets (respectively 30.2%, 28%, 25.6%, 8.4% and 7.7% of the total vitamin D intake). Mean daily calcium from animal and vegetable sources were respectively 376.3 ± 233.6 mg and 307.9 ± 118.5 mg. Animal/total calcium intake ratio was 52% and was only statistically significantly higher in urban people compared to rural ones. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex and urban residence were independent predictors of both vitamin D and calcium intakes (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01 respectively). In addition, veiling was an independent predictor of low vitamin D intake (p < 0.05) and a high body mass index (BMI) was an independent predictor of low calcium intake (p < 0.05). Finally, PTH was inversely correlated with vitamin D intake and the animal/total calcium intake ratio ( r = –0.18 and r = –0.22, p < 0.01), while no significant results were achieved for the vegetable calcium. In a multivariate model, urban living, female gender, low vitamin D and calcium intakes, low animal/total calcium intake ratio, and high BMI, are independent predictors of hyperparathyroidism. The deficient nutritional status of vitamin D and calcium in Lebanon justify the implementation of dietary public health measures. People at most risk for secondary hyperparathyroidism should be advised to increase their dietary calcium (mostly animal calcium) and vitamin D, to take supplements, or to increase their sun exposure.
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Hemmingway, Andrea, Karen O’Callaghan, Áine Hennessy, George Hull, Kevin Cashman, and Mairead Kiely. "Interactions between Vitamin D Status, Calcium Intake and Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations in Healthy White-Skinned Pregnant Women at Northern Latitude." Nutrients 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070916.
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Adverse effects of low vitamin D status and calcium intakes in pregnancy may be mediated through functional effects on the calcium metabolic system. Little explored in pregnancy, we aimed to examine the relative importance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and calcium intake on parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in healthy white-skinned pregnant women. This cross-sectional analysis included 142 participants (14 ± 2 weeks’ gestation) at baseline of a vitamin D intervention trial at 51.9 °N. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, and albumin-corrected calcium were quantified biochemically. Total vitamin D and calcium intakes (diet and supplements) were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The mean ± SD vitamin D intake was 10.7 ± 5.2 μg/day. With a mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D of 54.9 ± 22.6 nmol/L, 44% of women were <50 nmol/L and 13% <30 nmol/L. Calcium intakes (mean ± SD) were 1182 ± 488 mg/day and 23% of participants consumed <800 mg/day. The mean ± SD serum albumin-adjusted calcium was 2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L and geometric mean (95% CI) PTH was 9.2 (8.4, 10.2) pg/mL. PTH was inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = −0.311, p < 0.001), but not with calcium intake or serum calcium (r = −0.087 and 0.057, respectively, both p > 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that while serum 25(OH)D (dichotomised at 50 nmol/L) had a significant effect on PTH (p = 0.025), calcium intake (<800, 800–1000, ≥1000 mg/day) had no effect (p = 0.822). There was no 25(OH)D-calcium intake interaction effect on PTH (p = 0.941). In this group of white-skinned women with largely sufficient calcium intakes, serum 25(OH)D was important for maintaining normal PTH concentration.
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Pienovi, Lucía, Celia Sintes, Daiana Lozano, Caterina Rufo, and Carmen Donangelo. "Increased Urinary Calcium in Response to Acute Mate Tea Intake Is Inversely Associated with Habitual Mate Intake But Is Not Related to Bone Mass Status in Young Adult Women." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_084.
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Abstract Objectives Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea (mate for short) is a caffeine-containing beverage habitually consumed in Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil. Mate consumption may increase urinary calcium loss. The aim of this study was to determine the change in urinary calcium excretion in response to acute mate intake and to examine associations with habitual mate and total caffeine intake, dietary calcium and bone mass status, in young adult women (n = 32; 20–37 y; non-obese). Methods Each woman participated in two acute load tests [mate intake (300 mg caffeine), and water intake (no caffeine)] in a randomized cross-over designed study with 7 d wash-out period between tests. Calcium was measured in total 4 h urine post-test. Habitual calcium and caffeine intakes were assessed by a food/beverage frequency questionnaire. Total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar-spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by Dual-X-Ray-Absorptiometry. Results Dietary calcium and caffeine intakes were 1138 ± 409 mg/d and 257 ± 192 mg/d, respectively. Habitual mate consumption ranged from 0–2000 mL/d (median: 286 mL/d). Five women were not mate consumers. TB-BMD, FN-BMD, and LS-BMD Z scores were 0.36 ± 0.70, −0.14 ± 0.60, and −0.08 ± 0.73, respectively. Calcium in 4 h urine increased 15.2 ± 10.9 mg/d with acute mate intake compared to water intake (P < 0.001, paired t-test). On average, calcium excretion in 4 h urine doubled with mate intake compared to water. The increase in urinary calcium with acute mate intake was inversely correlated with habitual mate consumption (r = −0.439, P = 0.015) and total caffeine intake (r = −0.403, P = 0.025), and directly correlated with habitual calcium intake (r = 0.444, P = 0.02). The increase in urinary calcium in response to acute mate intake was on average 32–52% lower in women habitually consuming >500 mL mate/d, or >300 mg caffeine/d, compared to women consuming <140 mL mate/d, or < 100 mg caffeine/d (P < 0.05, Kruskal Wallis). No associations were observed between the urinary calcium response to acute mate intake and BMD Z scores (P > 0.5). Conclusions The calciuric response to acute mate intake in young adult women is attenuated by increased habitual consumption of mate and/or total dietary caffeine but it is not related to bone mass status. Funding Sources PEDECIBA, Uruguay.
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Cormick, Gabriela, and Jose M. Belizán. "Calcium Intake and Health." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071606.
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There are striking inequities in calcium intake between rich and poor populations. Appropriate calcium intake has shown many health benefits, such as reduction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, lower blood pressure particularly among young people, prevention of osteoporosis and colorectal adenomas, lower cholesterol values, and lower blood pressure in the progeny of mothers taking sufficient calcium during pregnancy. Studies have refuted some calcium supplementation side effects like damage to the iron status, formation of renal stones and myocardial infarction in older people. Attention should be given to bone resorption in post-partum women after calcium supplementation withdrawal. Mechanisms linking low calcium intake and blood pressure are mediated by parathyroid hormone raise that increases intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells leading to vasoconstriction. At the population level, an increase of around 400–500 mg/day could reduce the differences in calcium intake between high- and middle-low-income countries. The fortification of food and water seems a possible strategy to reach this goal.
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Key, Timothy J., Paul N. Appleby, Elizabeth A. Spencer, Andrew W. Roddam, Rachel E. Neale, and Naomi E. Allen. "Calcium, diet and fracture risk: a prospective study of 1898 incident fractures among 34 696 British women and men." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 11 (November 2007): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007696402.
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AbstractObjectiveThe risk factors for fractures are incompletely understood. An outstanding question concerns the optimal amount of dietary calcium needed to minimise the risk of fracture.DesignWe examined the associations of dietary calcium and other nutrients with self-reported fracture risk in a prospective cohort study. Nutrient intakes were estimated using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire administered at recruitment.SettingThe UK.ParticipantsA total of 26 749 women and 7947 men aged 20–89 years.ResultsOver an average of 5.2 years of follow-up, 1555 women and 343 men reported one or more fractures, 72% of these resulting from a fall. Among women, fracture risk was higher at lower calcium intakes, with a relative risk of 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.29) among women with a calcium intake of < 525 mg day− 1 compared with women with a calcium intake of at least 1200 mg day− 1 (test for linear trend, P < 0.001). The association of dietary calcium with fracture risk was stronger among women aged under 50 years at recruitment than among women aged 50 and above. Dietary calcium intake was not associated with fracture risk in men. Fracture risk was not related to the dietary intake of any other nutrient examined.ConclusionIn this population, women with a low dietary calcium intake had an increased risk of bone fracture, and this association was more marked among younger women than among older women.
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Mazess, RB, AE Harper, and H. DeLuca. "Calcium intake and bone." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/42.3.568.
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Parikh, Shamik J., and Jack A. Yanovski. "Calcium intake and adiposity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.2.281.
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Simon, Joel A., Warren S. Browner, and Stephen B. Hulley. "Calcium Intake and Hypertension." Journal of Nutrition 125, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.7.1958.
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Bilezikian, John P. "Optimal Calcium Intake-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 274, no. 13 (October 4, 1995): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530130018012.
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Wati, Alda, and Suryana Suryana. "Phosphorus and calcium intake of stunted toddlers aged 24-59 months: A case-control study in Sinar Bahagia Village, Simeulue." JAND: Journal of Applied Nutrition and Dietetic 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/jand.v1i1.48.
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Stunting is still a serious problem in toddlers and is usually caused by insufficient calcium and phosphorus intake, which plays an important role in bone formation. This study aimed to analyze the phosphorus and calcium intake of stunted toddlers aged 24-59 months in Sinar Bahagia Village, Simeulue Barat District, Simeulue Regency. This research was a case-control study. The sample of this study was stunted and non-stunted children. Each case and control group consisted of 62 subjects who were selected using the simple random sampling technique. Food recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to investigate nutrient intake. NutriSurvey was used to analyze the content of nutrient intake. Meanwhile, the chi-square test was used to analyze the effects of calcium and phosphorus intake on the incidence of stunting. Stunted children had lower calcium and phosphorus intakes than non-stunted children (P-value <0.05). Stunted children had 2.879 times lower phosphorus than the control group. Moreover, they had 35 times lower calcium intake than the control group. Serious stunting problems in children require a nutritional counseling program that trains mothers to meet children’s daily food intake, especially high calcium and phosphorus.
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Cashman K.D.*. "Calcium intake, calcium bioavailability and bone health." British Journal of Nutrition 87, no. 6 (May 1, 2002): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjnbjn/2002534.
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Cashman, K. D. "Calcium intake, calcium bioavailability and bone health." British Journal of Nutrition 87, S2 (May 2002): S169—S177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn/2002534.
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Calcium accounts for 1–2 % of adult human body weight. Over 99 % of total body Ca is found in the teeth and bones. Therefore, in addition to the obvious structural role of the skeleton, it also serves as a reservoir for Ca. Dietary Ca intake has an important impact on bone metabolism and bone health. Chronic Ca deficiency resulting from inadequate intake or poor intestinal absorption is one of several important causes of reduced bone mass and osteoporosis. It is vital, therefore, that adequate dietary Ca is consumed at all stages of life — in early life so that the genetically programmed peak bone mass can be reached and in later adulthood so that the skeletal mass can be maintained and age-related bone loss minimised. Unfortunately, there is wide variation in the estimates of daily Ca requirements made by different expert authorities. Furthermore, there is evidence that many individuals are not consuming these recommended levels. The consequence of this for bone health will be discussed in the present review. Besides the amount of Ca in the diet, the absorption of dietary Ca in foods is also a critical factor in determining the availability of Ca for bone development and maintenance. Thus, there is a need to identify food components and/or functional food ingredients that may positively influence Ca absorption in order to ensure that Ca bioavailability from foods can be optimised. This approach may be of particular value in individuals who fail to achieve the dietary recommended level of Ca.
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Kim, Hee-Seon, Ji-Sun Kim, Nam Soo Kim, Jin Ho Kim, and Byung-Kook Lee. "Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphism with calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation in Korean postmenopausal women with low calcium intake." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 5 (November 2007): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507756921.
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This study investigated the associations among vitamin D receptor (VDR)BsmI polymorphism, calcium intake and bone strength as indicated by the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound at the left calcaneus in community-dwelling subjects with a low calcium intake. The VDRBsmI polymorphism was analysed in 335 women older than 65 years residing in rural Asan, Korea. Calcium intake was assessed with a 2 d, 24 h recall method. The distribution of genotypes was similar to that reported in other Asian populations (92 % bb, 7 % Bb and 1 % BB). The calcaneal BUA was significantly higher (P = 0·013) in the bb genotype than in the Bb or BB genotype (Bb and BB genotypes were combined due to the small number of BB subjects) in a multiple regression model after adjusting for age, body weight, height, physical activity and nutritional factors. BUA was not significantly affected by the calcium intake regardless of the genotype, cross-sectionally. The energy-adjusted average calcium intake of this population was 439·6 mg/d (432·5 mg/d for bb and 522·3 mg/d for Bb or BB), and 96 % of the subjects had dietary intakes that were less than the recommended Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans (which for calcium is 800 mg/d for women older than 65 years). In summary, the BUA in older Korean women with a low calcium intake was significantly influenced by the VDR genotype but not by the calcium intake, cross-sectionally.
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Kim, Seunghee, Hangyeol Jeon, Wan Hu Jin, Ah Chung Hyun, Yoon Ha Kim, Jong Woon Kim, and Clara Yongjoo Park. "Calcium, Phosphorus, and Niacin Intakes During Late Pregnancy Are Positively Associated with Maternal Bone Mineral Density: A Pilot Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_091.
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Abstract Objectives The adequate calcium intake during pregnancy on postpartum bone mineral density (BMD) and neonatal outcomes are unknown as results of recent intervention trials are inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between maternal nutrient intake and maternal BMD at delivery, newborn birth outcomes, and maternal bone loss during lactation in Korean mothers. Methods Thirty Korean pregnant women (mean age: 34 years) were enrolled before delivery. Maternal food and supplement intake and BMD were assessed twice: at delivery (T1) and at weaning or 6 months postpartum (T2). Third trimester and postpartum food intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire at T1 and T2, respectively, and analyzed for intake of calcium and 22 major nutrients. Calcium intake was assessed as a continuous variable or categorized as < or ≥500 mg/d. Maternal lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), trochanter, and intertrochanter BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Birth length, birth weight, and head circumference of neonates were collected. Participants were categorized according to duration of lactation. General linear models were adjusted for covariates. Results Mean ± STD calcium intake was 905 ± 430 mg/d at T1 and 608 ± 227 at T2 (change: P = 0.05). Women with calcium intakes <500 mg/d had lower LS BMD at T1 (P = 0.026). No difference was detected at other study sites. Phosphorus and niacin intakes during the third trimester were positively correlated with T1 LS BMD (ß: 0.162 and 0.088, respectively; both P < 0.05). Birth weight and head circumference were negatively associated with T1 iron intake(ß: −9.065 and −0.0292, respectively; both P < 0.05). Intake of other nutrients during late pregnancy were not associated with maternal T1 BMD or neonatal outcomes. Among the 10 participants that completed the second visit, 6 women breastfed. Postpartum bone change was not associated with breastfeeding. Energy intake at T2 was negatively associated with change in FN BMD (ß: −0.007, P < 0.001). Postpartum intake of other nutrients was not associated with change of BMD at any site. Conclusions Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and niacin during the third trimester are positively associated with maternal LS BMD, but not neonatal birth outcomes, in Koreans. Breastfeeding and postpartum calcium intake may not affect bone after birth. Funding Sources National Research Foundation of Korea.
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Rochmah, Nur, Enny Probosari, and Fillah Fithra Dieny. "HUBUNGAN ASUPAN VITAMIN D DAN KALSIUM DENGAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA WANITA OBESITAS USIA 45-55 TAHUN." Journal of Nutrition College 6, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18663.
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Background : Vitamin D and calcium have metabolic functions in the cells and insufficient intake has been proven to increase the risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D and calcium both contribute in raising insulin secretion by regulating extracelullar calcium concentration and fluxing through cell membranes facilitated by calcium-sensing receptor. This study aimed to determine correlation between vitamin D and calcium intake with blood glucose levels in obese woman aged 45-55 years.Methods : Observational study with cross sectional design. Sixty subjects were selected using consecutive sampling. Food intakes were assessed by Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, fasting blood glucose levels were measured by Glucose Oxidation method, and physical activities were determined by Long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using r Pearson and Rank-Spearman test. Results : Mean of fasting blood glucose levels was 90,4±37,22 mg/dL with average vitamin D was 4,1 ±2,23 μg, whereas calcium was 547,7±316,24 mg. All subjects had low vitamin D intake; 88,3% subjects had low calcium intake; 88,3% subjects had normal fasting blood glucose; and 11,7% subjects had hyperglycemia. There was no correlation between vitamin D (p = 0,295) and calcium (p = 0,295) intake with fasting blood glucose levels. Intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, fiber and physical activity also showed no corerelation with fasting blood glucose levels. Conclusion : There was no correlation of vitamin D and calcium intake with fasting blood glucose levels in obese woman aged 45-55 years.
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Papageorgiou, Maria, Fanny Merminod, Serge Ferrari, René Rizzoli, and Emmanuel Biver. "Associations of Calcium Intake and Calcium from Various Sources with Blood Lipids in a Population of Older Women and Men with High Calcium Intake." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061314.
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Promoting calcium intake is a cornerstone for osteoporosis management. Some individuals limit dairy product consumption, a major calcium source, due to their high content in saturated fats and their perceived negative impact on lipid profiles. This study explored the associations of calcium from various sources with blood lipids in community-dwelling elderly (n = 717) from the GERICO cohort. Dietary calcium intake was assessed at several timepoints using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and calcium supplement use was recorded. Blood lipids were treated as categorical variables to distinguish those with normal and abnormal levels. Increasing total calcium intake was associated with lower risks for high total cholesterol (p = 0.038) and triglycerides (p = 0.007), and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.010). Dairy calcium (p = 0.031), especially calcium from milk (p = 0.044) and milk-based desserts (p = 0.039), i.e., low-fat (p = 0.022) and non-fermented (p = 0.005) dairy products, were associated with a lower risk of high total cholesterol. Greater calcium intakes from total dairies (p = 0.020), milk (p = 0.020) and non-fermented dairies (p = 0.027) were associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia. No association was observed between calcium from non-dairy sources, cheese or high-fat dairies and blood lipids. Increasing calcium through supplements was associated with lower risks for hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.022) and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.001), but not after adjustments. Our results suggest that higher calcium intakes from dietary sources or supplements are not adversely associated with blood lipids in the elderly, whilst total, and particularly low-fat, dairy products are valuable calcium sources potentially related to favorable lipid profiles.
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Moynihan, Paula, Ashley Adamson, Andrew Rugg, David Appleton, and Timothy Butler. "Dietary sources of calcium and the contribution of flour fortification to total calcium intakein the diets of Northumbrian adolescents." British Journal of Nutrition 75, no. 3 (March 1996): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960150.
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Abstract Increased Ca intake by adolescents is desirable. In order to achieve this, information on the current dietary sources of Ca by this age group is essential to enable change to build on existing habits. This paper addresses two issues: first, the dietary sources of Ca for adolescents are reported and, second, the importance of fortification of flour with Ca to present-day Ca intakes was determined. In 1990 the diets of 379 children aged 12 years were assessed using the 3 d dietary diary and interview method. Computerized food tables were used to calculate the contributions of different food groups to total Ca intake. The Ca content of eachfood was subdivided into naturally occurring Ca and Ca from fortification, and data were analysed to give the daily intake of each. The four most important sources of Ca were milk (25%), beverages (12%), puddings (10%) and bread (9%). Fortification of flour accounted for 13% of total Ca intake. When the contribution of fortification was removed, the proportion of subjects with intakes of Ca below the lower reference nutrient intake (Department of Health, 1991) increased more than fourfold, to 10% of girls and 12% of boys. Milk is contributing less to Ca intake than in the past and increased consumption should be encouraged. Ca fortification of flour remains an important source of Ca. Therefore, unless dietary habits are modified to ensure adequate Ca from other sources, increased consumption of unfortified products from outside the UK will lead to a further reduction in Ca intake.
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Ortega, Rosa M., Rosa M. Martínez, M. Elena Quintas, Ana M. López-Sobaler, and Pedro Andrés. "Calcium levels in maternal milk: relationships with calcium intake during the third trimester of pregnancy." British Journal of Nutrition 79, no. 6 (June 1998): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19980088.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Ca intake and serum Ca levels during the third trimester of pregnancy with levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13−14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). The study subjects were a group of fifty-seven healthy, lactating mothers aged between 18 and 35 years (mean 27 (SD3·7) years) whose pregnancies and labour were attended by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Cuenca INSALUD Hospital, Spain. Ca intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over a 5 d period and by registering Ca provided by dietary supplements. The same method was used to investigate the intake of protein, vitamin D, fibre and Fe, nutrients that could affect the use of dietary Ca. Ca levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, during lactation and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined using 2-cresolphthalein complexone. During pregnancy 70·2% of subjects showed Ca intakes below 1100mg/d (75th percentile). The consumption of Ca supplements was very small and hardly modified the mean quantity supplied by the diet. Subjects with an intake < 1100mg/d showed no fall in Ca levels in serum, either during pregnancy or lactation, nor were decreased levels found in transition milk. However, these subjects showed lower Ca levels in mature milk (5·95 (SD1·56) mmol/1) than did subjects with greater Ca intakes (6·82 (SD1·31) mmol/1). This may suggest that breast-fed babies of mothers with lower Ca intakes during pregnancy also receive less Ca.
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Dawson-Hughes, Bess. "Calcium and protein in bone health." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 2 (May 2003): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003267.
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Dietary protein has several opposing effects on Ca balance and its net effect on bone is not well established. It has long been recognized that increasing protein intake increases urinary Ca excretion. More recently, it has been observed that increasing dietary protein raises the circulating level of insulin-like growth factor-1, a growth factor that promotes osteoblast formation and bone growth. Other effects of protein on the Ca economy have been suggested in some studies, but they are less well established. Several studies have examined associations between protein intake and bone loss and fracture rates. In the original Framingham cohort subjects with lower total and animal protein intakes had greater rates of bone loss from the femoral neck and spine than subjects consuming more protein. In another study higher total (and animal) protein intakes were associated with a reduced incidence of hip fractures in post-menopausal women. In contrast, a high animahplant protein intake has been associated with greater bone loss from the femoral neck and a greater risk of hip fracture in older women. Higher total and higher animal protein intakes have also been associated with increased risk of forearm fracture in younger post-menopausal women. In a recent study it was found that increasing dietary protein was associated with a favourable (positive) change in bone mineral density of the femoral neck and total body in subjects taking supplemental calcium citrate malate with vitamin D, but not in those taking placebo. The possibility that Ca intake may influence the impact of dietary protein on the skeleton warrants further investigation.
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Ishikawa, Midori, Hiroshi Yokomichi, and Tetsuji Yokoyama. "Difference and Variance in Nutrient Intake by Age for Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: Comparison of Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese Population." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051431.
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This study aimed to estimate the distribution of usual intakes in protein, sodium, potassium, and calcium by age group and assessed whether proportions of deficiencies/excesses of each nutrient would occur more in older age via a comparison with the dietary reference intakes for the Japanese population (DRIs_J). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a database of the 2-day nutrient intake of 361 Japanese people aged 65–90 years. The AGEVAR MODE was used to estimate usual intake. Percentile curves using estimated distribution by sex and age and usual nutrient intake were compared to those of the DRIs_J. The usual intake of protein (male and female) and potassium and calcium (female) were lower with older age. Within-individual variance of protein in female (p = 0.037) and calcium in male (p = 0.008) subjects were considerably lower with older age. The proportion of deficiencies in protein (male and female), potassium (female), and calcium (female) were higher with older age. However, the proportion of people with excess salt (converted from sodium; male and female) did not differ by age. The variances found herein could be important for enhancing the understanding of differences in dietary intake by age.
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Cashman, Kevin D., and Albert Flynn. "Effect of dietary calcium intake and meal calcium content on calcium absorption in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 76, no. 3 (September 1996): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960051.
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Fifty-four male and forty-five female 7-week-old rats, Wistar strain, average weights 190 g and 140 g respectively, were randomized by weight into three groups of eighteen rats each (males) and three groups of fifteen rats each (females) and fed on a semi-purified diet containing (per kg) 2 (low), 5 (normal) or 20 g (high) Ca as CaCO3, for 2 weeks. Each group was then further randomized into three groups of six rats each (males) and five rats each (females) and given a meal (10 g of the same diet) containing either 2,5 or 20 g Ca as 47CaCO3. 47Ca was determined in quantitative daily collections of faeces over 7 d and fractional absorption of 47Ca estimated by extrapolating the linear portion (days 3–7) of the plot of log 47Ca retention Y. time back to the time of isotope administration. Absorption of meal Ca was higher in males than in females and was affected similarly in males and females by previous dietary Ca intake and meal Ca content. Fractional absorption of meal Ca decreased with increasing previous dietary Ca intake and with increasing meal Ca content, and the combined effect of these two variables caused fractional Ca absorption to vary from 11–89 %. Absolute absorption of meal Ca decreased with increasing previous dietary Ca intake and increased with increasing meal Ca content. The influence on Ca absorption of variations in meal Ca content (load effect) was greater than that of variations in previous dietary Ca intake (adaptive effect). These results show that previous dietary Ca intake and meal Ca content are both major determinants of Ca absorption from meals in intact rats fed in the normal way and that the rat responds to these factors in a manner similar to that reported for humans. This study provides further evidence of similarities between rats and humans in dietary Ca absorption.
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Heaney, Robert P. "Calcium intake and disease prevention." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 50, no. 4 (August 2006): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302006000400014.
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While the fundamental metabolic function of calcium is to serve as a second messenger, coupling intracellular responses to extracellular signals, nutritional deficiency of calcium is manifested at a higher level of organization: 1) depletion of the calcium nutrient reserve; 2) inadequate complexation of digestive byproducts; and 3) collateral effects of hormones produced primarily to compensate for low calcium intake. The first mechanism contributes to the osteoporosis problem, the second to kidney stones and colon cancer, and the third to hypertension, preeclampsia, obesity, and insulin resistance, among others. Adequate calcium intakes (10001500 mg/d) in adults have been shown in controlled trials to lower the risk of osteoporotic fractures, kidney stones, obesity, and hypertension. The best source of calcium is dairy foods, largely because the disorders concerned depend upon multiple nutrients, not just calcium, and dairy provides a broad array of essential nutrients in addition to calcium, and at low cost.
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Tordoff, Michael G. "Calcium: Taste, Intake, and Appetite." Physiological Reviews 81, no. 4 (January 10, 2001): 1567–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1567.
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This review summarizes research on sensory and behavioral aspects of calcium homeostasis. These are fragmented fields, with essentially independent lines of research involving gustatory electrophysiology in amphibians, ethological studies in wild birds, nutritional studies in poultry, and experimental behavioral studies focused primarily on characterizing the specificity of the appetite in rats. Recently, investigators have begun to examine potential physiological mechanisms underlying calcium intake and appetite. These include changes in the taste perception of calcium, signals related to blood calcium concentrations, and actions of the primary hormones of calcium homeostasis: parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Other influences on calcium intake include reproductive and adrenal hormones and learning. The possibility that a calcium appetite exists in humans is discussed. The broad range of observations documenting the existence of a behavioral limb of calcium homeostasis provides a strong foundation for future genetic and physiological analyses of this behavior.
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Silva, Sandra Tavares da, Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa, Frederico Souzalima Caldoncelli Franco, and Antônio José Natali. "Calcium and caffeine interaction in increased calcium balance in ovariectomized rats." Revista de Nutrição 26, no. 3 (June 2013): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732013000300006.
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of caffeine intake associated with inadequate or adequate calcium intake in laparotomized or ovariectomized rats by means of the calcium balance. Forty adults Wistar rats were ovariectomized or laparotomized. METHODS: The animals (n=40) were randomly placed in eight groups receiving the AIN-93 diet with 100% or 50% of the recommended calcium intake with or without added caffeine (6mg/kg/day). The animals were kept in individuals metabolic cages at a temperature of 24°±2ºC, light/dark cycles of 12/12 hours, and deionized water available ad libitum. On the 8th week of the experiment, food consumption was measured and 24-hour urine and 4-day feces were collected to determine calcium balance [Balance=Ca intake-(Urinary Ca+Fecal Ca)]. RESULTS: Animals with adequate calcium intake presented higher balances and rates of calcium absorption and retention (p<0.05) than those with inadequate calcium intake, regardless of caffeine intake (p<0.05). Caffeine intake did not affect urinary calcium excretion but increased balance (p<0.05) in the groups with adequate calcium intake. CONCLUSION: Adequate calcium intake attenuated the negative effects of estrogen deficiency and improved calcium balance even in the presence of caffeine.
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Ramsdale, S. J., and E. J. Bassey. "Changes in Bone Mineral Density Associated with Dietary-Induced Loss of Body Mass in Young Women." Clinical Science 87, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0870343.
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1. Moderately overweight, premenopausal women were assessed for bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine and proximal femur before and after 6 months of modest dietary restriction (minimum 4800 kJ/day). The aim was to evaluate the effect of loss of body mass on bone mineral density. 2. Dietary assessment included two analyses of 3 day weighed food intakes, one before and the other after 4 months of dietary restriction. Energy and calcium intakes were significantly reduced by 27% and 5%, respectively. The change in calcium intake was negatively and significantly related to initial levels of calcium intake. 3. A significant mean loss of 3.4 ± 3.1 kg in body mass was achieved mainly in the first 3 months of the study; it was accompanied by significant losses at 6 months in bone mineral density in the total body of 0.7% and in the lumbar spine of 0.5%. There were no changes in the femur. 4. The change in bone mineral density in the total body was significantly related to the reduced absolute calcium intake, initial bone mineral density and loss of body mass. The change in bone mineral density in the spine was significantly related to the change in calcium intake. 5. These modest losses could be a threat in women with lower bone mineral density, and indicate the importance of maintaining a high intake of calcium during dietary restriction.
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Sempos, Christopher T., Ramón A. Durazo-Arvizu, Philip R. Fischer, Craig F. Munns, John M. Pettifor, and Tom D. Thacher. "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D requirements to prevent nutritional rickets in Nigerian children on a low-calcium diet—a multivariable reanalysis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 114, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab048.
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ABSTRACT Background Nutritional rickets is believed to result from the interaction of inadequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and dietary calcium intake, but this interaction has not been confirmed in children with rickets. Determining the vitamin D requirements to prevent nutritional rickets has been thwarted by inconsistent case definition, inadequate adjustment for calcium intake and other confounders, and 25(OH)D assay variability. Objectives To model the 25(OH)D concentration associated with nutritional rickets in calcium-deprived Nigerian children, adjusted for confounding factors, and develop a general approach to define vitamin D status while accounting for calcium intake. Methods Logistic regression was used to model the association of serum 25(OH)D with having rickets adjusted for calcium intake in a reanalysis of a case-control study in Nigerian children. The matching variables age, sex, weight-for-age z score, and 4 additional significant variables were selected [religion, age began walking, phosphorus intake, and the 25(OH)D × calcium intake interaction] using a rigorous 7-step algorithm. Results Cases had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower mean ± SD 25(OH)D than controls (33 ± 13 compared with 51 ± 16 nmol/L, respectively), whereas cases and controls had similarly (P = 0.81) low mean dietary calcium intakes (216 ± 88 and 213 ± 95 mg/d, respectively). There was a significant interaction between 25(OH)D and calcium intake [coefficient (95% CI): –0.0006 (–0.0009, –0.0002)]. Accordingly, as calcium intake increased from 130 to 300 mg/d, the adjusted odds of having rickets decreased dramatically with increasing 25(OH)D such that at 200 mg/d, the adjusted odds of having rickets at 47.5 nmol/L was 0.80, whereas it was 0.2 at 62.5 nmol/L. Moreover, at a calcium intake of 300 mg/d, the adjusted odds was 0.16 at a 25(OH)D concentration of 47.5 nmol/L and 0.02 at 62.5 nmol/L. Conclusions The vitamin D requirement to prevent nutritional rickets varies inversely with calcium intake and vice versa. Also, application of multivariable modeling is essential in defining vitamin D requirements.
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Jackson, Mariah, Ruiqian Wu, Lynette Smith, Joan Lappe, and Corrine Hanson. "The Association of Dietary Fiber and Cancer Development in Rural Post-menopausal Women of Nebraska." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab036_010.
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Abstract Objectives Determine the extent to which diets with higher fiber intakes (g) at baseline are independently associated with cancer development by final study visit in a cohort of rural post-menopausal women. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of participants in a four-year randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation (2000 IU/d vitamin D3 and 1500 mg/d calcium) on cancer development in rural post-menopausal women in Nebraska (June 2009-August 2015). Diets, including fiber intake (total, soluble, fruit-vegetable, grain and bean fiber), were evaluated via a 2005 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline. T-tests were used to evaluate the difference in dietary fiber intakes between all-type cancer and non-cancer groups. Logistic regression models, controlling for pertinent covariates, were used to determine if dietary fiber intake at baseline is associated with the cancer development. Dietary fiber variables were log-transformed and stratified by treatment group. Results There were 1977 participants available for analysis. Median total fiber intake was 14.35 g or 65% of the Dietary Reference Intake. There was no significant difference between dietary fiber intakes at baseline between the cancer group and non-cancer group. For people on vitamin D and calcium supplementation, higher dietary soluble fiber and fruit-vegetable fiber intakes at baseline were protective against cancer development [Soluble OR: 0.50; 95% CI (0.26, 0.96); Fruit-vegetable OR: 0.56; 95% CI (0.33, 0.94)]. In participants without vitamin D and calcium supplementation, the odds of having higher bean fiber intake was 1.62 times higher in those with cancer [OR: 1.62 (95% CI (1.07, 2.47)]. Total fiber and grain fiber intakes were not significantly associated with cancer development. Conclusions While low fiber intake is prevalent among rural post-menopausal women, those with higher intakes of soluble and fruit-vegetable fiber may be more protected against development of all-type cancer when supplemented with calcium and vitamin D. Further analysis should examine the relationship between supplementation and bean fiber intake on the development of cancer. Funding Sources The original study was funded by the National Cancer Institute and Creighton University internal funding. No additional funding was used for the secondary analysis.
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Vatanparast, Hassan, Naorin Islam, Rashmi Prakash Patil, Mojtaba Shafiee, and Susan J. Whiting. "Calcium Intake from Food and Supplemental Sources Decreased in the Canadian Population from 2004 to 2015." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz318.
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ABSTRACT Background In light of the publications (2008–2014) linking calcium intake, mainly from supplements, to the elevated risk of cardiovascular events, there is a need to determine if there have been any changes in usual intakes of calcium among Canadians. Objective We aimed to examine changes in dietary and total usual intake of calcium among Canadians aged ≥1 y over the period 2004–2015. Methods We used nutrition data from 2 nationally representative surveys conducted in 2004 and 2015 (CCHS 2004 Cycle 2.2 and CCHS-Nutrition 2015). This study included all the Canadians across 10 provinces, and the analyses were performed across different age/sex groups. We used the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to estimate the usual intake of calcium and the prevalence of calcium inadequacy. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the relation between supplement uses and sociodemographic variables. Results From 2004 to 2015, the usual intake of calcium from food sources significantly decreased in calcium supplement nonusers (from 872 ± 18.2 mg/d to 754 ± 18.0 mg/d), but not in calcium supplement users. The contribution of calcium from the Milk and alternatives food group significantly decreased by 7.5% and 6.1% in calcium supplement users and nonusers, respectively. The prevalence of calcium supplement use significantly decreased from 2004 to 2015 in the Canadian population, from 27.5% to 22.0%. During this time, the percentage contribution of calcium from supplemental sources significantly decreased among Canadians, especially women. The prevalence of calcium inadequacy increased from 58.0% to 68.0% in supplement nonusers; however, among users of calcium supplements, the prevalence of calcium inadequacy remained at ∼31%. Conclusions Calcium intake from both food and supplemental sources decreased in the Canadian population over an 11-y period, which must be addressed by policy-makers in their efforts to decrease the high prevalence of calcium inadequacy.
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Tordoff, M. G. "Polyethylene glycol-induced calcium appetite." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): R587—R596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.2.r587.
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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used to investigate the physiological basis of sodium intake because it sequesters sodium from the extracellular fluid (ECF) and causes rats to drink concentrated NaCl solutions. To test the hypothesis that PEG also depletes ECF calcium and thus activates calcium intake, male Sprague-Dawley rats received two-bottle tests with a choice between a taste solution and water. Relative to intakes after control injections, rats injected with PEG (5 ml of 30% wt/wt sc) drank significantly greater volumes of several calcium solutions (0.1, 1, 10, or 32 mM CaCl2 or 10 or 100 mM calcium lactate). They also drank more 10 mM SrCl2, 300 mM NaCl, and 100 mM KHCO3, drank less 10 mM sodium saccharin, and did not alter intakes of 10 or 100 mM KCl, 32 mM NH4Cl, 10 mM AlCl3, 10 mM FeCl2, 100 mM CaCl2, or 1,000 mM NaCl. Thus PEG treatment produced an appetite that was specific to low and moderate concentrations of calcium, sodium, and perhaps bicarbonate. The physiological basis for this appetite was explored. At 24 h after PEG injection, plasma total calcium concentrations were either unaltered or increased, but plasma ionized calcium concentrations were reduced. Concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin but not 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were elevated. Perhaps one or more of these changes in calcium homeostasis is responsible for the increased calcium intake. Whatever the mechanism, it is clear that PEG treatment induces an appetite for calcium in addition to the well-known appetite for sodium.
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Cashel, KM, D. Crawford, and V. Deakin. "Milk choices made by women: what influences them, and does it impact on calcium intake?" Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 4 (December 2000): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898000000046x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify influences on type of milk consumed and the impact of milk choice on calcium intakes in Australian women of pre- and postmenopausal age.Design and settingQuestionnaires covering calcium intake, health-related dietary issues and priorities self-completed in a group setting.SubjectsA total of 300 women recruited from community groups and government departments.ResultsMean milk and calcium intake were higher in older (≥50 years) compared to younger women. Milk provided over 50% of calcium intake for both groups. Participants rated the importance of eating foods low in fat, energy or cholesterol, high in calcium or dietary fibre or of ‘limiting their intake of added sugar or sugary foods’. Younger and older women ranked eating foods low in fat as the most important food habit for their health, then ranked dietary fibre next in importance. Calcium ranked third for younger women, and fourth for older women. These rankings were reflected in the higher proportion of older women choosing fat-reduced milk in general, and skim milk in particular. This concern about eating foods low in fat was consistent with the choices made of skim, reduced fat/higher calcium or whole milk.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that concerns about fat are prejudicing the type of milk and amount of calcium consumed. Public health strategies targeting calcium intake need to address age-related differences in quantity and type of milk consumed, including the food attribute conflicts influencing these.