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1
Gerges, Amira Sami. "Dietary calcium intake and overweight in adolescence." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1384.
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Recent research has shown an association between low dietary calcium intake and obesity in adults as well as overweight in young children; however, this relationship has not been investigated in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between inadequate calcium intake and overweight in adolescents. The hypothesis of this study was that there is a negative correlation between dietary calcium intake and overweight in adolescents. The study population consisted of middle school and high school students (n = 102) in a local school district. The gender and ethnic distributions of the sample were as follows: 74% female, 26% male, 63% Caucasian, 16% African-American, 12% Hispanic, and 8% other. Dietary calcium and energy intakes were assessed using a previously validated calcium-focused food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for youths. Calcium intake was also assessed using a single question on daily milk consumption. The FFQ was administered by trained interviewers to groups of three to five students. Body fat was assessed using body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds (STS). The mean reported calcium intake was 1,972 ± 912 mg/day, and mean reported energy intake was 3,421 ± 1,710 kcals/day. Reported calcium intake from the FFQ was inflated since approximately 75% reported drinking less than three glasses of milk a day. According to BMI-for-age, 29% were classified as at risk of overweight or overweight. Using STS, 39% were classified as overweight. Chi-square analysis using either method of dietary calcium intake and either method of overweight assessment did not show dependence between categories of calcium intake and level of weight or body fat. This study failed to show a relationship between dietary calcium intake and risk of overweight or overweight in adolescents.
2
Peters, Paula Kay. "Calcium intake and bone mass in women with preeclampsia /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687485810412.
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Henderson, Valerie Suzanne. "Evaluation of Internet education to increase dietary calcium intake in youth." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1157.
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In recent years, dietary calcium intake among children and adolescents has fallen sharply. This trend is alarming because childhood and adolescence are the primary ages for building bone mass. Therefore, an interactive website, Clueless in the Mall (http://calcium.tamu.edu) was developed targeting youth to increase knowledge, improve attitudes, and equip them to incorporate calcium-rich foods into their diets. This website was created with the help of adolescents at every stage of development and has been pilot tested with adolescents at home and in school, showing improvements in knowledge and attitudes. However, the website has not been tested for effectiveness in changing behaviors, specifically for increasing calcium intake. The present study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the website for changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The hypothesis of this investigation was that the website intervention would significantly improve attitudes and knowledge about calcium and increase dietary calcium intake among adolescents and pre-adolescents who took part in the study. After the group-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was validated among a local church youth group, a total of 126 middle school and high school students were recruited from 12 local public school classes to participate. Each student took three questionnaires during class time to measure baseline knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (including calcium intake using the FFQ). Then each student took one class period to view the calcium website. Four to six weeks later, the investigators returned to administer the same three tests to each student. Demographic information was collected, and data were analyzed using paired samples t-tests and analyses of variance (ANOVA). Results demonstrated that the website alone was sufficient to improve knowledge scores; however, it was not enough to change attitudes and behaviors significantly. In conclusion, the website should be used to promote and reinforce health behaviors, but should not be expected to stand alone as an intervention.
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Chen, Yang, Shimin Zheng, and Liang Wang. "The Relationship between Calcium Intake and Hypertension among Obese Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/82.
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Background: Hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg), or an elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension is high in obese population. The potential effects of inadequate calcium intake on hypertension are receiving growing attention. The aim of the study was to examine the association between calcium intake and hypertension among obese adults. Methods: A total of 14,856 obese adults aged 20 years or older were obtained from the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analysis of variance was used to examine if there was a relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure, SBP or DBP. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association between calcium intake and hypertension after adjusting for potential confounders (energy intake, age, race, education level, alcohol use, smoking, and diabetes). Results: Prevalence of hypertension decreased with an increasing quartile of calcium intake (p < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression showed that lowest quartile of calcium intake was associated with an increased risk of elevated SBP and elevated DBP (Odds Ratio (OR) =1.332, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.084-1.636; OR=1.700, 95% CI: 1.234-2.342, respectively). Compared with adults in the highest quartile of calcium intake, those in lowest quartile had 1.4 times increased risk of hypertension (OR=1.400, 95% CI: 1.157-1.694). Conclusion: Our study provides support of research perspective that inadequate calcium intake may increase the risk of hypertension, high SBP, or high BDP among obese adults. Further studies are needed to understand physiological mechanism. Increasing the calcium intake in obese adults can be considered as a strategy to prevent hypertension.
5
Batai, Ken, Adam B. Murphy, Maria Ruden, Jennifer Newsome, Ebony Shah, Michael A. Dixon, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, Courtney M. P. Hollowell, Chiledum Ahaghotu, and Rick A. Kittles. "Race and BMI modify associations of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622745.
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Background: African Americans have disproportionately higher burden of prostate cancer compared to European Americans. However, the cause of prostate cancer disparities is still unclear. Several roles have been proposed for calcium and vitamin D in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression, but epidemiologic studies have been conducted mainly in European descent populations. Here we investigated the association of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer in multiethnic samples. Methods: A total of 1,657 prostate cancer patients who underwent screening and healthy controls (888 African Americans, 620 European Americans, 111 Hispanic Americans, and 38 others) from Chicago, IL and Washington, D.C. were included in this study. Calcium and vitamin D intake were evaluated using food frequency questionnaire. We performed unconditional logistic regression analyses adjusting for relevant variables. Results: In the pooled data set, high calcium intake was significantly associated with higher odds for aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile (1 vs. Quartile) (4) = 1.98, 95% C.I.: 1.01-3.91), while high vitamin D intake was associated with lower odds of aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile (4) = 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.18-0.79). In African Americans, the association between high calcium intake and aggressive prostate cancer was statistically significant (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 4.28, 95% C.I.: 1.70-10.80). We also observed a strong inverse association between total vitamin D intake and prostate cancer in African Americans (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 0.06, 95% C.I.: 0.02-0.54). In European Americas, we did not observe any significant associations between either calcium or vitamin D intake and prostate cancer. In analyses stratifying participants based on Body Mass Index (BMI), we observed a strong positive association between calcium and aggressive prostate cancer and a strong inverse association between vitamin D intake and aggressive prostate cancer among men with low BMI (<27.8 kg/m(2)), but not among men with high BMI (>= 27.8 kg/m(2)). Interactions of race and BMI with vitamin D intake were significant (P-Interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: Calcium intake was positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer, while vitamin D intake exhibited an inverse relationship. However, these associations varied by race/ethnicity and BMI. The findings from this study may help develop better prostate cancer prevention and management strategies.
6
Parsons, Tessa Jane. "The influence of diet, activity and body composition on bone mineral in young adults." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336777.
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Farrell, Vanessa A., and Linda Houtkooper. "Calcium and Calorie Content of Selected Foods." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625861.
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Farrell, Vanessa A., and Linda Houtkooper. "Calcium and Calorie Content of Selected Foods." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146458.
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4 pp.Healthy bone growth and maintenance requires adequate calcium intake. You can meet your calcium needs from foods, beverages, and if necessary, supplements. This publication contains the calorie and calcium content of some foods from each group of the Food Guide Pyramid which includes bread, cereal, rice, & pasta group; vegetable group; fruit group; milk, yogurt, & cheese group; meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, & nuts group; and fats, oils & sweets.
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Metz, Melissa R. "Calcium and vitamin D intake of children and adolescents with asthma." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008923.
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Brown, Amanda R. "Calcium intake and eating attitudes in male and female high school athletes." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523081.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate calcium intake and eating disorder risk in male and female high school athletes. Specifically, intake of calcium containing foods and supplements was assessed. Eating disorder risk was measured through the use of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Calcium intake and eating disorder risk was compared between high school athletes in sports emphasizing a lean physique or weight-class and athletes in sports without this emphasis. These variables were also investigated relative to number of years the athlete has been competing. Thirty seven participants were in lean or weight-class sports and 31 participants were in non-lean sports. Results showed that non-lean sport athletes had a significantly greater amount of calcium intake than the lean and weight-class athletes. There was no significant difference in EAT-26 scores between groups. No significant relationship was found between EAT-26 scores or calcium intake and number of years competing.
11
Ljuboja, Joka. "Calcium and iron intake between college aged female dancers and non-dancers." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902463.
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The objective of this study was to investigate if there was a difference in the dietary intake of calcium and iron between female college aged dancers and non-dancers. Three day food records of 18 dancers and 21 non-dancers were analyzed for calcium and iron using Nutritionist IV computer software. Though not statistically significant dancers had a higher intake of calcium than non-dancers (864.7 mg/d vs. 796.2 mg/d) The main sources of calcium for both groups was milk followed by cheese. Mean daily intake of iron for dancers and non-dancers was 16.9 mg/d and 16.5 mg/d respectively. Grains were the main source of iron for both groups. A participants survey was used to collect descriptive data such as height, weight, smoking status, hours spent exercising , use of multivitamin supplements and nutrition course attended. Five dancers and four non-dancers took multivitamin plus mineral supplements. Reasons for use of supplements were: perceived notion that supplements provided energy and participants thought their diet was inadequate. The dietary habits of 38 % of the non-dancers who had previously had a nutrition course was not positively influenced by nutrition education.Department of Home Economics
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Bischoff-Seals, Lea. "Relationship between restrained eating behavior and dietary calcium intake among female adolescents." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366297.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of restrained eating behavior on dietary calcium intake in adolescents. Research shows that female adolescents have lower calcium intake then males. Research also suggests that dieting has a negative impact on the dietary intake of several nutrients, including calcium.A random sample of adolescents from physical education and health classes at Muncie Central High School, a mid-western urban public school, participated in this study. Subjects completed one 24 hour food record, a modified three-factor eating questionnaire to assess dietary restraint, and demographic sheet.Of the 85 subjects (females n=60; males n=25) who participated in the study, 65% (n=56) did not meet the dietary calcium recommendations of 1300 mg/day. Among females, 75% (n=45) did not meet calcium recommendations. For males, 44% (n=11) did not meet the daily calcium recommendations. Mean calcium intake for females and males respectively was 1121 ± 939 mg/day and 1632 ±1242 mg/day.Seventy-five percent of all subjects had low to average dietary restraint. A greater percentage of females (17%, n=10; 15%, n=9) than males (4%, n=1; 4%, n=1) were found to have high and clinical levels of dietary restraint. Interestingly, the mean calcium intake for those males and females having clinical levels of dietary restraint did meet calcium recommendations (1403 mg/day and 1341 ± 829 mg/day). For females, the mean calcium intake for both low to average and high dietary restraint did not meet calcium requirements. For males, mean calcium intake among all levels of restraint met the recommendations.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
13
Chen, Yang, Katie Callahan, David Blackley, Yan Cao, and Shimin Zheng. "Calcium Intake Associated with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Obese Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/85.
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Background: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in obese people. The potential effects of inadequate calcium intake on CVD are receiving increased attention. We assessed the association between several risk factors for CVD and calcium intake among obese adults. Methods: We investigated 14,856 obese subjects age 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2010. ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine if any relationships existed. Simple and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between risk factors for CVD and calcium intake. Results: After adjusting for energy intake and other potential confounders, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, and albuminuria were negatively associated with calcium intake at =0.05 level in both linear and logistic regression analyses. Adjusted regression coefficients and ORs did not show a significant relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and calcium intake. Total cholesterol was negatively associated with calcium intake in continuous form, but no relationshipwas seen between total cholesterol and the calcium intake quartiles form. When comparing low quartile to high quartile, total cholesterol had a weak negative association with calcium intake at =0.1 level. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that adequate calcium intake could decrease the risks of CVD, such as high blood pressure and high glycosylated hemoglobin, among obese adults. However, calcium intake was not associated with HDL levels. More research is needed to assess the effect of total cholesterol by calcium intake.
14
Zaragoza, Jordana Marta. "Micronutrient intake and prevalence of adequacy in european children, from birth to 8 years. Influence of calcium intake on bone mineral density." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399844.
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Antecedents: Els micronutrients són essencials per al desenvolupament. L’objectiu de la valoració de la ingesta és determinar l’adequació a les recomanacions. S’han descrit ingestes subòptimes en alguns micronutrients a nivell europeu. Cap estudi ha estudiat la ingesta de micronutrients en nens de diferents països europeus utilitzant metodologia estandarditzada. El calci influeix en la densitat mineral òssia (DMO) en adults i en nens. Una pobre mineralització condueix a la osteoporosis, que cal prevenir des de la infància.
Objectiu: Descriure la ingesta de micronutrients i l’adequació en nens europeus durant la infància. Analitzar relacions entre ingesta de calci i DMO.
Mètodes: Estudi observacional prospectiu secundari a l’European Childhood Obesity Project (EU-CHOP). La ingesta dietètica es valorà periòdicament amb registres de 3 dies. L’adequació dels micronutrients es calculà segons recomana l’American Institute of Medicine. Als 7 anys, es mesurà la DMO en una submostra amb Absorciometria de Rajos-X d’Energia-Dual.
Resultats: L’EU-CHOP va reclutar 1679 nounats. Es recopilaren dades dietètiques de 904 nens als 3 mesos, disminuint fins a 396 als 8 anys. La DMO es mesurà en 179 nens. Es van determinar ingestes de sodi, potassi, calci, fòsfor, ferro, zinc, magnesi, iode, vitamina B12, folat, vitamina A i vitamina D a 7 edats. La prevalença d’adequació de calci, ferro i zinc fou de 60-90%, inferior al 20% per al folat, iode i vitamina D. Altes probabilitats d’adequació de calci mantingudes en el temps milloraren la DMO als 7 anys i reduïren més de 12 vegades el risc d’osteopenia.
Conclusions: Les ingestes de calci, ferro zinc, folat, iode i vitamina D van ser inadequades. Altes probabilitats d’adequació de calci mantingudes en el temps milloren la DMO i redueixen el risc d’osteopenia.Antecedentes: Los micronutrientes son esenciales para el desarrollo. Valorar la ingesta tiene como objetivo determinar la adecuación a las recomendaciones. Se han descrito ingestas subóptimas de algunos micronutrientes en Europa. Ningún estudio ha valorado la ingesta de micronutrientes en niños de diferentes países europeos utilizando metodología estandarizada. El calcio influye en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en adultos y niños. Una pobre mineralización desencadena osteoporosis, requiriendo prevenirla desde la infancia. Objetivo: Describir la ingesta de micronutrientes y la adecuación en niños europeos durante la infancia. Analizar relaciones entre ingesta de calcio y DMO. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo secundario al European Childhood Obesity Project (EU-CHOP). Ingesta dietética valorada periódicamente con registros de 3 días. La adecuación de los micronutrientes se calculó según recomienda el American Institute of Medicine. A los 7 años, se midió la DMO en una submuestra con Absorciometría de Rayos-X de Energia-Dual. Resultados: El EU-CHOP reclutó 1679 neonatos. Se recopilaron datos dietéticos de 904 niños a los 3 meses, disminuyendo hasta 396 a los 8 años. La DMO se midió en 179 niños. Se determinaron ingestas de sodio, potasio, calcio, fósforo, hierro, zinc, magnesio, iodo, vitamina B12, folato, vitamina A y vitamina D en 7 edades. La prevalencia de adecuación de calcio, hierro y zinc fue de 60-90%, inferior al 20% para folato, iodo y vitamina D. Altas probabilidades de adecuación de calcio mantenidas en el tiempo mejoraron la DMO a los 7 años y redujeron más de 12 veces el riesgo de osteopenia. Conclusiones: Las ingestas de calcio, hierro zinc, folato, iodo y vitamina D fueron inadecuadas. Altas probabilidades de adecuación de calcio mejoran la DMO y reducen el riesgo de osteopenia.
Background: Micronutrients are essential for development. The objective of dietary intake evaluation is determining the adequacy to nutritional recommendations. Suboptimal intakes for calcium, iron, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate and vitamin D have been previously described across Europe. No studies have assessed micronutrients intake of children from different European countries using the same methodology. Calcium intake influence on bone mass density (BMD) has been described in adults and children. Bone poor mineralization drives to osteoporosis, which might be prevented from childhood. Aim: To describe micronutrients intake and adequacy to dietary recommendations of European children during childhood. To analyse the relation between calcium intake and BMD. Methods: Prospective observational study secondary to the European Childhood Obesity Project (EU CHOP). Dietary intake was collected periodically with 3-day food records. Micronutrients adequacy was calculated following the American Institute of Medicine guidelines. At 7 years, BMD was measured by Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in a subsample of participants. Results: EU CHOP study recruited 1679 children at birth. Intake data was available for 904 children at 3 months, decreasing to 396 at 8 years. BMD was measured in 179 children. Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, iodine, vitaminB12, folate, vitamin A and vitamin D intakes were described at 7 time-points. Calcium, iron and zinc showed prevalence of adequacy between 60 and 90%; and folate, iodine and vitamin D under 20%. Maintained high probability of calcium adequacy improved BMD at 7 years and reduced more than 12 fold osteopenia risk. Conclusions: Calcium, iron, zinc, folate, iodine and vitamin D intakes were inadequate within European children. Maintained high probability of calcium adequacy improves lumbar and whole body BMD at 7 years and reduces osteopenia risk.
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Barry, Jason. "The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Calcium/Dairy Intake and Obesity in Children." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/14.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between vitamin D and calcium intake and obesity in a population of young adolescents who participated in a Vitamin D and Sunlight Exposure study in Pittsburgh, PA.
Participants: 252 healthy 6 to 14.9 year old young adolescents (54% male, 69% African American) were recruited between June 2006 and December 2009.
Main outcome measures: Weight status, BMI, vitamin D intake, calcium intake, vitamin D and calcium rich food intake.
Results: A significant difference by race was observed with 30.1% of African Americans and 8.5% of Caucasians being obese (P<0.01). No difference was found by gender. Median (25%, 75%) vitamin D intake in the total population was 254.9 IU (146.8, 407.3) which is below the level recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Median calcium intake in the total population was 1193.6 mg (752.8, 1161.1) which met recommended guidelines. Median vitamin D intake differed by weight status (normal, overweight, obese) in the total population (259.5 IU, 325.2 IU and 181.9 IU, respectively; P=0.015). A similar pattern was observed for calcium (1193.4 mg, 1416.3 mg and 911.6 mg, respectively; P=0.016). No correlation was found between vitamin D or calcium intake and BMI in the total population or by race and gender.
Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium intake was significantly different based on weight status, particularly in obese and African American subjects. Vitamin D intake in the population was reportedly below recommended guidelines. Further research is necessary to determine the ideal vitamin D and calcium intake in children for optimal health status, including longitudinal studies to better assess the relationship between vitamin D and calcium intake and weight status.
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Rautenbach, Petro Hannie. "Dietary calcium intake and obesity in adult women : the POWIRS study / P.H. Rautenbach." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/615.
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Monnat, Laura Elizabeth. "Determining the Impact of Milk Vending Purchases on Calcium Intake in College Students." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306904682.
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Rouf, Anika Saiyara. "Investigating the use of social media to improve calcium intake of young adults." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22686.
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Calcium intake is sub-optimal in the Australian population, particularly in adolescents and young adults. As this population are high users of social media, there is potential to use these platforms to encourage positive dietary behaviours. The overall aim of my PhD was to investigate the use of Facebook to improve calcium intake of young adults. Firstly, a secondary analysis was conducted of the NNPAS 2011-12 to examine patterns in calcium-rich foods and nutrients intake in the young adult Australian population. Calcium intake remains low in Australian adolescents and young adults, particularly in females; and a higher intake of calcium was associated with better diet quality. Next, a literature review assessed the efficacy of previous interventions to increase calcium intake and calcium-rich foods. Some evidence demonstrated that calcium and dairy interventions are effective, but the effect size was small and the pooled effect size was 0.35 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.67) for calcium and 0.31 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.50) for dairy. Focus groups were conducted with young adults to understand the psychosocial determinants and potential barriers to achieving adequate calcium intake. Then to design an intervention, a cross-sectional web-based survey examined the type of messaging preferred by young adults. The final phase was to design and conduct a three-arm randomised controlled trial with young adults. The CAlcium Nutrition-Dietary Opportunities (CAN-DO) study was developed using the COM-B theoretical framework and incorporated nine behaviour change techniques. This was the first intervention for improving calcium intakes of young adults using social media with text messages. The participants in the Facebook and text message group had improved knowledge about calcium (P= 0.0004) at six weeks. This thesis confirmed the feasibility and acceptability of the CAN-DO program. However, further research is needed to understand how to improve motivation to eat more calcium-rich foods.
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Pearson, Hoover Patricia. "Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women, relationship to calcium intake, calcium absorption, serum estrogen, body mass and physical activity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0034/NQ66231.pdf.
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Chen, Yang, Sheryl M. Strasser, Yan Cao, Kesheng Wang, and Shimin Zheng. "Calcium Intake and Hypertension among Obese Adults in United States: Associations and Implications Explored." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/40.
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The relationship between calcium intake and hypertension is receiving increased research attention. The prevalence of hypertension is high among the obese populations. Calcium is a mineral that influences blood pressure. The aim of the study was to examine the association between calcium intake and hypertension in a large nationally representative sample of obese American adults. A total of 14 408 obese adults aged 20 years or older were obtained from the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to examine relationships between calcium intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between calcium intake and hypertension after adjusting for potential confounders and interactions, including: age, race, education level, alcohol use, smoking, diabetes status, sodium intake and potassium intake. Calcium intake was significantly lower for the hypertensive group compared with the normotensive group (P < 0.0001), especially among those obese female young adults aged 20–44 years and among non-diabetic obese adults. Based on ordinary linear regression analysis, a significant inverse relationship was detected, SBP and DBP decreased if calcium intake increased (SBP: regression coefficient estimate=−0.015, P < 0.0001; DBP: regression coefficient estimate=−0.028, P < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression showed that calcium intake was negatively associated with the probability of hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.87, P < 0.0001). In stratified analysis, calcium intake in youngest adults (age 20–44 years) had the lowest likelihood of hypertension (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93, P < 0.0001), the inverse relationship between calcium intake and probability of hypertension was stronger among females (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.84, P < 0.0001), when compared with the whole sample including all of 14 408 obese adults. The protective effect of calcium intake and hypertension was found significantly in obese non-diabetic adults (OR: OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.89, P < 0.0001) not in obese diabetic adults. SBP, DBP and calcium intake were log transformed for both ordinary linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. Our study findings underscore the need to explore the physiological mechanism between calcium intake and hypertension. In this study, increased calcium intake was associated with the lowest risk of hypertension. Future studies utilizing longitudinal research designs are needed to quantify therapeutic levels of calcium for control of hypertension among obese adults. Increasing calcium intake among American adults may offer promise as a cost-effective strategy to improve hypertension among obese adults; however, further scientific exploration is warranted.
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Onyango, Lilian Awuor, and n/a. "Influences on calcium intake levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women in the Australian Capital Territory." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.090046.
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Evidence has accumulated for a link between the adequacy of lifetime calcium intake,
and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis increases in prevalence with age and is of concern as it
results in irreversible and debilitating effects. The result has been an increased
recognition of the need to survey the consumption patterns of foods that contribute to
calcium intake levels in Australia, the focus being milk and milk products.. A better
understanding of calcium intake in women and the factors influencing it across the lifespan
is of increasing importance as the longevity of Australian women continues to
increase. Without preventive measures the costs incurred in managing osteoporosis will
continue to escalate.
An understanding of women's food behaviour is important if calcium intake levels in
women are to effectively increase. A self administered questionnaire assessed the
calcium intake levels and food sources in 158 premenopausal and 142 postmenopausal
women. It also assessed significant differences in calcium intake levels and the relative
contributions of food sources to this intake. The questionnaire comprised a semiquantitative
food frequency questionnaire and closed end questions. The closed ended
questions measured psychosocial factors, stage of dietary change, levels of physical
activity and demographic factors. These factors formed the basis of an investigation
into factors best associated with the levels of adequacy of intake. The results suggest no
significant difference in calcium intake (milligrams per day) in the two groups of
women. There was a significant difference in the relative levels of adequacy of the
estimated calcium intake levels.
Milk and milk products contributed up to 84% of the daily calcium intake with 72.2 and
84.7% as the respective contributions in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Fortified milk types have a relatively higher calcium content than unfortified types. A
higher consumption of fortified milk noted in the postmenopausal women could explain
the higher though not significant mean intake values post-menopausally.
Several of the enabling factors but none of the predisposing factors were noted to
influence intake of fortified milk. Taste generally influenced intake of fortified milk in
the whole sample of 300 women whereas perceived costs and health concerns were an
issue with the premenopausal women only. Other enabling factors such as the
perceptions of the adequacy of the present diet, and the feeling that there was too much
nutrition information that was in itself confusing influenced the intake of fortified milk
in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women.The influence of change related
factors was also noted. The importance ratings for nutrient issues influenced the intake
of fortified milk intake in the whole sample.
Food preference was the only enabling factor found to influence the adequacy of
calcium intake in the both the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Change
related factors, were also noted to influence the adequacy of calcium intake in the
premenopausal and postmenopausal women and these included; the stage of change for
adopting a high calcium diet, the importance ratings for; increasing intake of milk and
milk products and the perceived adequacy of this intake. The other suggested
determinants of the adequacy of intake varied between the two groups of women.
These inc1uded;enabling factors; perceived cost of milk and milk products, milk
allergies, social support, availability of milk at home on a daily basis and the frequency
of meal preparation in the premenopausal group. Change related factors on the other
hand determined the postmenopausal intake and these included importance ratings for
eating low fat foods, perceived adequacy of fruit and vegetable intake, and importance
rating for an increased dietary calcium intake. The enabling factors; preferences, social
support and perceived adequacy of milk and milk products' intake were the best
predictors of the adequacy of premenopausal calcium intake whereas the change related
factors; the importance rating for a high calcium diet and the reluctance to change a diet
considered to be enjoyable best predicted the adequacy post-menopause.
Knowledge is a predisposing factor for behaviour change. The results show that
knowledge on the importance of a high calcium intake exists in the sample population.
This knowledge is however not being effectively translated into food behaviour. This
highlights the need for Nutrition education programs that stress the importance of food
behaviours. These programs should aim at increasing women's calcium intake levels
and destroying the few existing misconceptions regarding milk and milk product
consumption. The factors identified as determinants of intake in the premenopausal and
postmenopausal women are the basis of these education programs.
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Morris, Carolyn W. "The Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D and Calcium Intake, and Adiposity in Infants." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/46.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: National prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has plateaued in recent years, but rates remain high, with approximately 10% among children“high weight.” The relationship between adiposity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status has been well-explored in older individuals, with inconsistent results. Furthermore, previous studies have suggested a relationship between adequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D and healthy weight status in older children and adults. However, in the infant population, there are few studies detailing the interaction between body composition and serum 25(OH)D or intake of calcium and vitamin D. Our study aims were to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D and body composition and to examine the association between adiposity and dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D in a sample of infants and toddlers.
Methods: Our population included healthy male and female infants and toddlers from Pittsburgh, PA who participated in the “Practices Affecting Vitamin D Status in Pittsburgh Infants and Toddlers” study. Parents completed a Vitamin D and Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire, which assessed dietary intake of foods high in calcium and vitamin D as well as daily sunlight exposure (≥2 hours vs. >2 hours). Anthropometric measures and bloodwork for serum 25(OH)D were obtained during at the time of the study visit. Weight-for-length (WFL) percentile status was determined using WHO growth standards (low weight97.7 %ile) and WFL z-scores were calculated. ANOVA was used to compare mean serum 25(OH)D and calcium and vitamin D intake by WFL status. Chi square analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between serum 25(OH) D status (deficient =/mL, insufficient = 12-20 ng/mL, sufficient >20 ng/mL), calcium intake status (sufficient = >700 mg), vitamin D intake status (sufficient = >400 IU) and WFL percentile status. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the strength and significance of associations between serum 25(OH)D, calcium and vitamin D intake and WFL z-score. The analysis was repeated after subdivision by race and sun exposure.
Results: 125 infants and toddlers (9 to 24 months of age, 68% African American) participated in the study. Approximately 11% of the population had a high weight. Mean vitamin D intake (~600 IU/d) and median calcium intake (~1550 mg/d) exceeded recommendations. Prevalence of high weight was higher among children with adequate intake compared to those who consumed less than the recommendations (calcium: 41% vs. 36%, respectively; vitamin D: 45% vs. 29%, respectively). However, this difference was not statistically significant. Mean serum 25(OH)D level (37 ng/mL) was sufficient. When compared across WFL status, neither mean serum 25(OH)D nor mean intake of calcium and vitamin D varied significantly. No significant correlation was found between WFL and serum 25(OH)D for the cohort or any of the subgroups examined.
Conclusions: Rates of infant overweight and obesity in our sample are similar in comparison with the national average. Our results do not support a relationship between calcium and vitamin D intake on weight status or an association between serum vitamin D and body composition in children of this age. Future studies are needed to re-examine these relationships in a larger group of children of more evenly distributed weight status.
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Van, Hemelrijck Mieke, Karl Michaëlsson, Jakob Linseisen, and Sabine Rohrmann. "Calcium Intake and Serum Concentration in Relation to Risk of Cardiovascular Death in NHANES III." Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-199913.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Evidence for an association between calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular death remains controversial. By assessing dietary intake, use of supplements, and serum levels of calcium, we aimed to disentangle this link in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). METHODS: Mortality linkage of NHANES III to death certificate data for those aged 17 years or older (n = 20,024) was used to estimate risk of overall cardiovascular death as well as death from ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), and cerebrovascular disease (CD) with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: About 10.0% of the population died of cardiovascular disease and the majority (5.4%) died of IHD. There was increased risk of overall CVD death for those in the bottom 5% of serum calcium compared to those in the mid 90% (HR: 1.51 (95% CI: 1.03-2.22)). For women there was a statistically significant increased risk of IHD death for those with serum calcium levels in the top 5% compared to those in the mid 90% (HR: 1.72 (95%CI: 1.13-2.61)), whereas in men, low serum calcium was related to increased IHD mortality (HR: 2.32 (95% CI 1.14-3.01), Pinteraction: 0.306). No clear association with CVD death was observed for dietary or supplemental calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium as assessed by serum concentrations is involved in cardiovascular health, though differential effects by sex may exist. No clear evidence was found for an association between dietary or supplementary intake of calcium and cardiovascular death.
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Buchner, Amanda Anne. "Comparison of dietary calcium intake of college-aged individuals with lactose intolerance to those without." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1369664969.
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Moncur, Cara A. "Relationship between Dietary Calcium Intake and Weight Gain Among College Freshmen at Utah State University." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5540.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted with the use of data from the Freshmen Health Study, a longitudinal study of college freshmen aged 18 that examined change in diet, physical activity, and weight during the first year of college at Utah State University (USU). Participants were assessed at different data collection periods including the beginning and end of their first semester attending USU. Participants' height and weight were measured and they were given a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire at each data collection. Simple linear and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess how dietary calcium intake related to weight change over a 16-week study period (one semester).
There were 153 (82%) subjects who completed the second data collection during December 2005. The difference in weight between the beginning and end of fall semester was considered the main outcome. Changes in dietary calcium, dairy intake, and milk intake were also assessed as main outcomes. Means and standard deviations were used to describe population characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOV A) was used to compare means across gender and quartiles of calcium intake. Simple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium intake and weight change. The multivariate logistic model controlled for gender, physical activity, baseline BMI, and fruit and vegetable intake.
Risk of weight gain was not associated with increasing quartile of dietary calcium intake in either unadjusted or multivariable logistic regression models. Subjects' mean calcium and dairy intake decreased significantly from baseline (p < 0.001). Although the average calcium intake for this population was less than current recommendations set by the FDA, dietary calcium intake did not appear to have any influence on weight change. Dairy and milk intake decreased significantly from high school to college; therefore, specific interventions to increase calcium intake from dairy foods would be appropriate in the adolescent population, especially in college freshmen.
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Poliquin, Suzette. "Calcium and vitamin D intake in a Canadian population : results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99197.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To estimate calcium and vitamin D intakes in Canadian men and women, to compare these intakes to Canadian guidelines, and to determine factors associated with intake of these nutrients.Methods. We estimated intakes of calcium and vitamin D from both diet and supplements using cross-sectional data from 9,423 randomly selected subjects 25 years of age and older who completed an interviewer administered abbreviated food frequency questionnaire. The participants were recruited from July 1995 to September 1997 in nine centres across Canada. We characterized the relationships of calcium and vitamin D with socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, physical characteristics, medical diagnosis and use of osteoporosis related medications.
Results. The median daily intake for calcium was estimated to be 930 (interquartile range (IQR) = 589;1360) mg for women, and 774 (IQR = 507;1155) mg for men; for vitamin D, intakes were 3.6 (IQR = 1.1;10.0) pg and 2.7 (IQR = 0.9;7.5) pg for women and men, respectively. Age and study centre were found to be associated with calcium and vitamin D intakes in both genders. Other variables associated with calcium intake included vitamin D intake, weekly energy expenditure and femoral neck bone mineral density. Factors found to be associated with vitamin D intake in both genders included calcium intake, height and caffeine intake.
Conclusions. The only group that on average met adequate daily intake levels for calcium was women aged 51-70. For vitamin D, on average, women and men under age 51 met adequate intake levels. Further education programs may be required to encourage increased consumption of these nutrients.
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Wong, Siew Sun. "Development and Evaluation of an Electronic Food Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Calcium Intake among Multiethnic Youth." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5513.
Full textAbstract:
Youth consuming inadequate amounts of calcium are at risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. To better assess dietary calcium intakes and the efficacy of dietary intervention strategies to improve bone health among youth, it is important to develop calcium intake assessment tools that are reliable, accurate, and interactively engaging for a new generation of youth who have a higher computer literacy and are more technologically knowledgeable than preceding generations. The goal of this dissertation was to develop and evaluate an electronic food frequency questionnaire ( eFFQ) that measures calcium intake among 11-to 18-year-old Asian, Hispanic, and White youth. Enhancing this tool was the inclusion of 100 original digital color food photographs portraying the foods listed in the eFFQ. A formal evaluation study, as well as formative and summative evaluations of food photos and the eFFQ, was accomplished.
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Wong, Yan-yan Fiona. "The effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention to achieve and maintain adequate dietary calcium intake of pre-menopausal Chinese women /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31594785.
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Cormick, Gabriela. "The effect of calcium intake on body weight in pregnant women from South Africa, Zimbabwe and Argentina participating in the Calcium and Pre-eclampsia trial." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31538.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide. It has been estimated that every kilogram of weight gain during adulthood represents a 3% to 6% risk increased of cardiovascular disease. There are some studies showing an inverse relationship between calcium intake and body weight. Overweight and obese women are advised to lose weight before conception, however the evidence on how to achieve this is scarce. No studies have investigated the effect of calcium supplementation on weight management before conception or during pregnancy. Aims and objectives: The overarching purpose of this project was to provide information and enrich the body of evidence of the effect of calcium intake on body weight. The first aim was to evaluate the effect of calcium intake on body weight of fertile or pregnant women; secondly to investigate the pre-pregnancy weight status, weight gain during pregnancy and adequacy of dietary intake of pregnant women participating in the Calcium and Pre-eclampsia (CAP) trial. The third aim was to perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the effect of calcium intake on body weight. I was part of the core research team throughout the CAP trial duration and also lead the nutritional component. The trial sample size included 540 pregnant women recruited between 2012 and 2017 in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Argentina. Women were randomized pre-pregnancy to receive 500 mg of elemental calcium or placebo until 20 weeks´ gestation, whereafter they received 1500 mg. Weight was measured pre-pregnancy and at 8, 20 and 32 weeks’ gestation. Diet was assessed at 20 weeks´ gestation. Ethical approval was obtained from appropriate national and institutional ethical review bodies as applicable for each study site. Results: There was a high proportion of women who started their pregnancy overweight or obese (73.7% in South Africa and 60.2% in Zimbabwe). Most women had an inadequate intake of micronutrients at 20 weeks pregnancy. For the most basic micronutrients like iron, calcium, folate and zinc, the percentage of women with intakes below requirements was above 90%. Although there was no effect of calcium supplementation on body weight in the sample of the CAP trial, the calcium group had a no statistically significant smaller increase in body weight during pregnancy especially in those who were obese at the start of the trial. The systematic review shows a small but statistical effect of calcium supplementation in body weight (Mean Difference (MD) -0.33 kg, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.09); (p=0.007); 819 participants; 15 studies) and in BMI (MD -0.17, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.13); p < 0.00001; 695 participants; 10 studies). Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of obesity found together with the micronutrient inadequacy which show a very poor nutritional status of women who have the possibility of getting pregnant again. This needs to be addressed so that maternal and perinatal outcomes are improved. There is a need to implement nutritional counselling preconceptionally to these women before they fall pregnant. The results of this thesis show a no statistically significant smaller increase in body weight in women supplemented with calcium, opening a promising area of research for weight management including the study of the mechanisms involved. Before making clinical recommendations further studies are needed with higher sample size to have the power to detect clinically significant effects.
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Cox, Heather K. "Build a Bone Bank with 3-A-Day After-School Education Program for Elementary Students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42862.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To determine whether a social cognitive theory guided nutrition educational intervention in an after-school program is associated with improved nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors for fourth and fifth grade participants.
Design: A prospective comparative study with a quasi-experimental design over a six month period. Questionnaires were collected at baseline and at the end of the program for students at the intervention and comparison schools. Follow-up questionnaires were collected at the intervention school three months post program.
Subjects/Setting: Fourth and fifth grade students enrolled in an after-school program targeted to reach students performing below grade level and/or living below the poverty level at an elementary school in southwest Virginia. Fourth and fifth grade students at another county elementary school with similar demographics served as comparison participants.
Main Outcome Measures: Daily food intake, dairy intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, environment, self-efficacy for consuming dairy products, and food and activity beliefs.
Statistical Analysis: Measures of central tendency (mean, median, and variance) were performed to describe participants. Independent t-tests (p<0.05) were used to compare changes from pre to post-questionnaire by treatment group. Paired t-tests (p<0.05) were used to test for differences from pre to post-questionnaire within group. Chi square analysis (p<0.05) was conducted to further investigate changes between groups.
Results: Intervention participants significantly increased previous dayâ s milk consumption (p=.006) and plans to drink low-fat milk instead of regular milk (p =.047) from pre to post-program. Significant change was also observed in previous dayâ s milk consumption change from pre to post between groups (p=.004).
Conclusion: Participation in an after-school program with nutrition education could change daily milk consumption and plans to drink low-fat over regular milk.
Applications: After-school nutrition interventions can be effective in changing milk intake and plans to consume low-fat milk.Master of Science
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Bou, Raad Samira. "Nutrient intake of lactating women in Montreal with emphasis on calcium, vitamin D and omega fatty acids." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97183.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to examine whether calcium, vitamin D and n-3 and n-6 fatty acid consumption in lactating women living in Montreal meets recommended values. A sample of 70 predominantly lactating women were assessed using one 24-hour recall administered at each of 1 (baseline), 3 and 6 months postpartum and analyzed using the Canadian Nutrient File. Only 52%, 46%, 15%, 31% and 11% of the women attained adequate intake (AI) levels for calcium, vitamin D, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) respectively from food alone. Supplement intake increased the percentage of women achieving the AI for calcium, vitamin D and DHA to 82%, 90% and 13% respectively. However, supplements had no impact on total intake of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Therefore, while supplementation improved the proportion of women reaching the AI for calcium and vitamin D, intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids remain low. These data support the development of a larger and random sample to establish if improvements in the intakes of calcium, vitamin D and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are needed for this population.L'objectif de cette étude était d'examiner si les quantités de calcium, de vitamine D et d'acides gras oméga-3 et oméga-6 consommées par les femmes; allaintantes, habitant à Montréal, sont en accord avec les valeurs recommandées. L'alimentation d'un échantillon de 70 femmes qui allaitaient de manière prédominante a été évaluée par des rappels de 24 heures faits à 1 (Initial), 3 et 6 mois après l'accouchement et analysée utilisant le fichier Canadien sur les éléments nutritifs. Un niveau supérieur à l'apport suffisant (AS) a été atteint seulement par 52% des femmes pour le calcium, 46% pour la vitamine D, 15% pour l'acide linoléique, 31% pour l'acide alpha-linolénique et 11% pour l'acide docosahexanoique (DHA). La prise de suppléments a augmenté le pourcentage de femmes atteignant l'AS pour le calcium, la vitamine D et DHA à 82%, 90% et 13% respectivement. Cependant, les suppléments n'ont pas eu d'impact pour l'acide linoléique et l'acide alpha-linolénique. Presque la moitié des femmes ayant pris part à cette étude n'ont pas atteint l'AS pour le calcium et la vitamine D et plus de la moitié des femmes n'ont pas atteint l'AS pour les acides gras oméga
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Hall, Matthew Charles 1960. "Calcium intake, physical activity, and bone mineral status in children and youth aged ten to fifteen years." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276765.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to determine if either calcium intake or physical activity is related to bone mineral status in children and youth aged 10 to 15 years. Subjects (n = 30) with high, medium, and low bone mineral status were selected based on radius bone mineral index measurements from a sample of 108 subjects measured 9 to 12 months previously. Calcium intake was estimated from two 24-hour recalls and a food frequency questionnaire. Assessment of activity level was conducted by questionnaire. Single photon absorptiometry was used to obtain bone mineral content (g/cm) and bone mineral index (g/cm²) measurements for the radius and ulna at the midshaft and distal sites. Calcium intake and activity level were found to be similar among the bone mineral index groups. Using regression analysis, however, calcium intake was shown to be significantly related to midshaft ulna bone mineral index and activity level (sports participation) was found to be significantly related to distal ulna bone mineral index.
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Chen, Yang, Sheryl Strasser, Katie Callahan, David Blackley, Yan Cao, Liang Wang, and Shimin Zheng. "The Association of Calcium Intake and Other Risk Factors with Cardiovascular Disease among Obese Adults in USA." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/129.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we used a cross-sectional study design to examine the relationship between the calcium intake and risk factors for CVD among obese adults by using continuous waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data 1999-2010. The association between calcium intake and risk factors of CVD (hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL, glycohemoglobin), CRP, albuminuria) is assessed among obese adults in USA. The incidence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is high among obese people. The potential effects of inadequate calcium intake on CVD are receiving increased epidemiologic attention. Understanding the association between risk factors for CVD and calcium intake among obese adults is important for the advancement of CVD, nutrition and obesity research. Data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2010 were examined, utilizing a subset of 14,856 obese subjects. Analysis of Variance statistical tests were conducted to determine associations between calcium intake and CVD risk. Simple and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the predicted value of calcium intake with CVD. After adjusting for energy intake and other potential risk factors, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin and albuminuria were negatively associated with calcium intake at &alpha = 0.05 level in both linear and logistic regression analyses. In a comparison of calcium intake by quartiles, results reveal that total cholesterol had a weak negative association with calcium intake at &alpha = 0.1 level. The implications of these study results are important as the importance of adequate calcium intake and its potential to decrease CVD among obese adults has incredible preventive value for populations. Additional research that focuses on dietary intake, calcium thresholds and impacts on total cholesterol levels in the body is warranted.
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Jensen, J. Keith. "Assessment of Calcium, Milk, and Non-Milk Beverage Intake of Multiethnic Youth Aged 10 to 18 Years." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5507.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving and maintaining maximal peak bone mass is critical to the prevention of osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake during youth is a major aspect of proper bone mass development. Because of the importance of calcium, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that estimates calcium intake of 10- to 18-year-old Asian, Hispanic, and white youth living in the western United States was developed. This new FFQ was shown to accurately and reliably estimate calcium intake of these youth. Accuracy among Hispanics, however, was low and requires further evaluation. A second study examined intake of calcium, milk, and non-milk beverages of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children aged 10 to 11 years and 15 to 18 years living in Utah. Milk fat percentage and source of beverage procurement were considered. Studies assessing the intake of calcium, calcium-rich foods, and foods that may interfere with calcium intake of youth in the United States were reviewed.
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Shahiduzzaman, M. D. "Treatment of barley straw with mixtures of calcium hydroxide and urea to improve intake and digestibility by sheep." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356492.
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Parra, Danielle Elizabeth. "Girl Scouts Empower Other Girl Scouts to Consume 3-A-Day™ of Dairy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42115.
Full textAbstract:
Osteoporosis affects half of all women over the age of fifty, but can be prevented through proper nutrition and exercise early in life. Few studies have been conducted that document positive gains in knowledge about osteoporosis prevention in young girls and no research has been completed in which osteoporosis education is delivered by peers in children. A 3-A-Day™ of dairy peer education program was developed by local Girl Scouts with the purpose of teaching other Girl Scouts about the importance of calcium intake and weight-bearing activities in the prevention of osteoporosis, overweight, and hypertension. Peer educators had significant increases in their overall knowledge of dairy (p<0.001) and self-efficacy related to 3-A-Day™ (p<0.05) after teaching peer education programs. Program participants had significant improvements in knowledge of calcium-rich foods (p<0.001) and weight-bearing activities (p<0.001). Participants were able to identify the recommended number of dairy servings per day (p<0.01). Although parents indicated that their daughters' knowledge increased after participation in the peer education program, parents' ratings of knowledge were not significantly related with daughters' ratings. Qualitative evaluation indicated that these Girl Scouts enjoyed serving as peer educators. This research supports the importance of osteoporosis education in young girls and demonstrates positive outcomes of peer education for both educators and program participants.Master of Science
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Garner, Caitlyn. "The Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Iron Intake in Female Runners Across a Competitive Year." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593017213203259.
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Babatunde, Oyinlola T. "The Effect of Osteoporosis Education on Calcium Intake and Physical Activity in a Group of Community-Dwelling Black Older Adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/81.
Full textAbstract:
The unprecedented increase in the number of older adults is expected to increase the burden of osteoporosis on the individual and society. Blacks have been understudied in osteoporosis prevention education research. Although the risk of osteoporosis is low in this population, its consequences are significant. This study employs a two-group experimental design (experimental and wait-list control groups) to evaluate the effect of an osteoporosis education on two osteoporosis prevention behaviors (OPBs) – calcium intake (CI) and physical activity (PA), in a group of community-dwelling Black older adults, 50 years and older resident in South Florida. A final sample of 110 (mean age 70.15 years), 90% female and 10% male completed a battery of questionnaires at two assessment periods. The experimental group participated in six weekly education program sessions immediately following baseline assessment, and the wait-list control group received the education following end of program assessment by all participants. The weekly educational sessions were conducted in social settings (church or senior center) employing constructs of the Revised Health Belief Model. The sessions focused on improving CI; osteoporosis knowledge (OKT), self-efficacy (SE), health beliefs (HB) and PA. Findings revealed significantly greater increase in reported CI (M = 556 mg, Wilks’ λ = .47, F(1,108)=122.97, p< .001, η2=.53), OKT (p< .001), and SE (p< .001) among participants in the experimental compared to the wait-list control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for PA and most of the HB subscales. OKT and SE were the best predictors of CI, while perceived barrier was a predominant factor predicting PA. Over the study period, a change in SE was the only variable related to changes in both OPBs. Attrition rate was lower than expected, which can be attributed to the settings utilized for the study. These findings support the importance of utilizing a familiar social setting. These results suggested the effectiveness of a program offered in multiple short sessions among this underserved minority population to improve OKT and SE resulting in a change in OPBs (increase in CI). However, there is need to explore alternative strategies to improve PA in this population group.
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Wong, Yan-yan Fiona, and 黃欣欣. "The effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention to achieve and maintain adequate dietary calcium intake of pre-menopausal Chinesewomen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015132.
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Ripley, Tamzin Louise. "Functional and adaptive changes in NMDA receptors and dihydropyridine-sensitive neuronal calcium channels during chronic ethanol intake and withdrawal." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357860.
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Groenewald, Merensia. "The relationship between calcium, vitamin D status, anthropometry, physical activity and bone density in Black men : a case control study / Merensia Groenewald." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/326.
Full textAbstract:
Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bone" and is characterized by an increase in bone
fragility and susceptibility to fracture, which typically involves the wrist, spine and hip
(South African Medical Association (SAMA) Working Group, 2000). In South Africa
osteoporosis and fractures are more common in whites than in blacks. African-American
men experience hip fractures at a rate of only half of that of Caucasian men. The bone
mass in Africans were found to be 6 - 12 % higher than in Caucasians at all ages. A
higher peak bone density at skeletal maturity in African-Americans were found, so that
despite comparable age related bone loss, African Americans reach the fracture
threshold less frequently than whites. Age-related bone loss that begins later, is less
severe, or occurs in different skeletal sites in African-Americans than whites (Luckey et
al., 1996). American whites have a higher bone turnover than American blacks, but in
contrast to this American data. South African blacks may have a higher bone turnover
and lower bone density than whites (Daniels et a/., 1995). If it is compared with
Caucasians a lower rate of hip fracture in South African blacks were found, despite lower
bone density at all ages (Villa, 1994). The lower fracture rate in blacks than in whites is
because of greater bone mass and higher bone turnover leading to more frequent
renewal of damaged bone. Blacks excrete less urinary calcium, and show no skeletal
sensitivity towards the parathyroid hormone. Few studies focus on older black South
African men and osteoporosis.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of calcium intake, vitamin D
status, anthropometry and physical activity and bone density in black South African men.
Methods
A case-control study design was used, in which variables associated with bone density
were compared. The case group were men with fractures of the proximal femur, the
proximal humerus or the distal radius and an equal number of age-matched healthy
black men (with not more than a 5-year age difference) with no fracture (the proximal
femur and humerus and distal radius) previously, was recruited as a control group.
Bone density was measured with DEXA. Fat percentage was measured with a Tanita
scale. Biochemical analyses were done. Questionnaires were used to gather
demographic, activity and dietary information. To our knowledge, this is the first case-control
study on osteoporotic fractures in South African black men.
Results
Both the groups' bone mineral densities were lower than recommended. The bone
density of the case group for lumbar and hip regions was 0.86 and 0.88 and the control
group's bone density for lumbar region was 0.95 and hip region 0.91. The control group
was more physically active and had a better nutritional status than the case group. The
control group's calcium intake was higher but the vitamin D status was lower than the
case group. Both calcium and vitamin D status were not statistically significant (pc0.5),
between the two groups. Body mass indices of the groups were the same. The serum
albumin was higher in the control group than in the case group. The case group serum
calcium was higher than the control group. Both serum albumin and serum calcium
were statistical significant between the two groups. There were no statistically
significant differences in any of the other biochemical variables between the two groups.
Serum phosphate and serum vitamin D were statistical significant for bone density of the
hip and lumbar regions.
Conclusion
To conclude it seems logical to suggest a healthy diet with optimal macro- and micro
nutrient intake. Maintain ideal body weight and body fat percentage and recommend
regular but moderate-weight-bearing exercise from a young age throughout adult life, as
part of a strategy to prevent and treat osteoporosis. In the present study black South
African men present with low bone mineral density, but other studies indicated a lower
rate of hip fracture in South African blacks, despite lower bone density at all ages. It can
be recommended that other factors may play a role in black South African men with
osteoporosis. Factors such as serum phosphorus, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, body mass
index (BMI), physical activity index (PAI), animal protein, total fat intake and dietary
calcium are important determinants of BMD in older South African blacks, as shown in
the present study. Osteoporosis is a multi factorial problem and must be treated that
way.Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Koutoulis, Konstantinos C. "The effects of dietary calcium intake, absorption and age at sexual maturity on bone strength of battery caged laying hens." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265301.
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Santos, Luana Caroline dos. "Relação da ingestão de cálcio com a obesidade e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes pós-púberes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-19032006-153221/.
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Introdução: Dentre as inúmeras contribuições nutricionais para a obesidade, alguns estudos evidenciam o cálcio dietético como um fator negativamente relacionado com o Índice de Massa Corporal. Ensaios clínicos e experimentais demonstraram que o mecanismo provável é a maior disponibilidade do cálcio intracelular capaz de promover aumento da lipogênese, inibição da lipólise e hiperinsulinemia. Devido a escassez de dados semelhantes em adolescentes, o presente trabalho avaliou a relação do cálcio com a obesidade nesta população. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle e transversal, envolvendo adolescentes eutróficos (GE) e obesos (GO). Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica (peso e estatura), avaliação da composição corporal (DXA), avaliação bioquímica, incluindo perfil lipídico, glicemia de jejum, insulina e dosagem dos hormônios grelina e leptina (apenas nos obesos) e avaliação alimentar (registro de três dias). A resistência à insulina foi estimada por meio do HOMA-IR. A análise estatística constou de teste t Student, correlação de Pearson, Qui-Quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, ANOVA e Odds Ratio. A ingestão de cálcio foi ajustada pelo consumo energético da dieta por meio do método de nutriente residual. Resultados: Foram avaliados 96 adolescentes, pareados por sexo e idade (16,6±1,3 anos), sendo 47 do GE e 49 do GO. A média de ingestão de energia e macronutrientes foi semelhante entre os grupos. A ingestão de cálcio ajustado foi estatisticamente superior no GE (692,1±199,5mg vs 585,2±249,9 no GO; p=0,02). Verificou-se redução significativa da gordura corporal, da gordura do tronco e da gordura periférica com o aumento dos quartis de ingestão de cálcio. Além disso houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o primeiro e o último quartil de cálcio com relação a glicemia e insulina. Em relação aos grupos de estudo verificou-se dentre os obesos, associação inversa da ingestão de cálcio ajustado com a gordura do tronco (r=-0,287; p=0,046), com a concentração de insulina (r=-0,360; p=0,01), com os níveis do HOMA-IR (r=-0,365; p=0,01) e com a concentração de leptina (r=-0,345; p=0,02). Não houve relação da ingestão de cálcio com a antropometria e composição corporal ou parâmetros bioquímicos no GE. Destaca-se que as adolescentes no maior quartil de ingestão de cálcio apresentavam uma significativa redução da chance de obesidade quando comparadas aquelas no primeiro quartil (OR=0,13; IC95%=0,02-0,78; p=0,01). Não houve proteção à adiposidade pela ingestão de cálcio entre os meninos. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que a ingestão de cálcio foi um fator envolvido na obesidade e na resistência à insulina dos adolescentes pós-púberes, e que houve proteção à adiposidade pela maior ingestão de cálcio entre as meninas. Estes resultados demonstram que o consumo de alimentos fontes desse mineral durante este estágio de vida deve ser incentivado.Introduction: Several nutritional risk factors are related to obesity. Recently, some studies had demonstrated that dietary calcium intake as a negative contributor to adiposity. Clinical and experimental studies demonstrated that a possible mechanism is an increasing intracellular calcium concentration, which in turn act to promote lipogenesis, reduce lipolysis and hyperinsulinemia. Considering the shortage of similar data in adolescents, the present study evaluated the relation between dietary calcium intake with obesity in this population. Methods: Case-control and cross-sectional study, with normal weight (NW) and obese adolescents (OB). Anthropometric (weight and height) and body composition assessment (DXA) was analyzed. Biochemical analysis, included lipid profile, fasting glucose and insulin, as well as leptin and ghrelin. Dietary intake was assessed by a 3-day dietary record. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. Students t-tests, Pearsons correlations, Chi-square or Fisher exact test, ANOVA and Odds-ratio were used to statistical analysis. The dietary calcium intake was adjusted by energy intake with residual nutrient method. Results: 96 post-pubertal adolescents, mean age 16.6(1.3)y were evaluated. Adolescents were divided in two groups paired by age and gender, 47 NW and 49 OB. Mean energy and macronutrients intake were similar between groups. Adjusted calcium intake was statistically higher in NW (692.1±199.5mg vs 585.2±249.9 in GO; p=0.02). A significant lower body fat mass, trunk and periferic fat mass were observed in the highest calcium intake quartile. Furthermore, glucose and insulin concentrations presented a statiscally significant difference between the lowest and highest calcium quartile. Analysis within study groups, showed an inverse association between adjusted calcium with trunk fat (r=-0.287, p=0.04), insulin concentration (r=-0.360, p=0.01), HOMA-IR levels (r=-0.365, p=0.01) and leptin (r=-0.345, p=0.02) in obese group. There was no relation between calcium intake with anthropometry and body composition or biochemical parameters in normal weight. Adolescents girls on highest quartile of calcium intake had significant reduction of obesity chance compared to lowest quartile (OR=0.13; IC95%=0.02-0.78; p=0.01). However, no adiposity protection by calcium intake was observed in boys. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that calcium intake was one factor related to obesity and insulin resistance in post-pubertal adolescents, and calcium intake seems to be a protective factor for obesity in girls, and encourage the recommendation for increase calcium intake in this life stage.
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Cadorin, Junior Rui Luiz. "FREQÜÊNCIA DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO E FONTE DE NITROGÊNIO SUPLEMENTAR E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O VALOR ALIMENTAR DE DIETAS BASEADAS EM FENO DE QUICUIO (Pennisetum clandestinum) FORNECIDAS PARA OVINOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10709.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAn in vivo digestibility experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of degradable nitrogen source and feeding frequency on the digestion process and utilization of kikuio grass hay. Eight castrated male lamb (35 ± 4 Kg live weight) maintained in individual metabolic cage, were used in a 2x2 factorial experiment according to a replicated 4x4 Latin Square design. Treatments tested were the combination of two supplement feeding frequencies: once (morning) or twice (morning and aftermoon) daily, and two supplements, based on cassava meal plus calcium caseinate or cassava meal plus urea. For all treatments kikuio hay was fed ad. Libitum and the supplements were fed at a rate of 7 g/Kg live weight daily. Animals supplemented twice day consumed higher quantity of the gross fractions, either in absolute values or in proportion to live weight or metabolic weight (P<0,05) and they tended to consume higher quantity of digestible energy and to synthesize more microbial protein (P<0,10). Feeding frequency did not influence the digestibility. When calcium caseinate was fed animal tended (P<0,10) to have higher dry matter intake in relation to live weight and higher organic matter intake in relation to metabolic weight. There was interaction between nitrogen source × frequency of supplementation on intake of both digestible organic matter and digestible energy. Animals receiving supplement with calcium caseinate twice a day and supplemented with urea once a day have higher intake of theses fractions. Animals supplemented once a day presented higher rumen sugar concentration (P<0,05), but pH as well as ammonia and peptides + aminoacid concentration were not affected by supplementation frequencys. Higher concentrations of NH3 and lower concentrations of pep+aa were observed in animals supplemented with urea (P<0,05). The supplement feeding frequency did not influence the digestion process and forage utilization when the nitrogen source was urea, but when the nitrogen source was calcium caseinate, supplementation twice daily improves intake and nutrients offer to the animals.
Para avaliar se as freqüências de oferta de suplemento, com diferentes tipos de nitrogênio degradável, influenciam os processos de digestão e a utilização do feno de uma gramínea tropical, foi realizado um estudo de digestibilidade in vivo, utilizando oito ovinos machos castrados (PV médio 35 ± 4 Kg), mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo individuais em um delineamento duplo quadrado latino 4x4 em um esquema fatorial 2x2. Como volumoso foi utilizado feno de capim quicuio (Pennisetum clandestinum) com 70 dias de rebrota, como suplemento foi utilizada uma mistura a base de farinha de mandioca mais uréia ou caseinato de cálcio, além de uma mistura de sal mineral comercial e melaço em pó. Os tratamentos foram duas freqüências de suplementação × duas fontes de nitrogênio. As combinações foram suplementação com farinha de mandioca mais caseinato fornecido uma vez ao dia (manhã) e duas vezes ao dia (manhã e tarde) e suplementação com farinha de mandioca mais uréia uma vez ao dia (manhã) e duas vezes ao dia (manhã e tarde) à nível de 7 g/Kg de PV. O volumoso foi fornecido Ad. Libitum duas vezes ao dia (manhã e tarde). Os animais quando suplementados duas vezes ao dia consumiram maior quantidade das frações brutas, tanto em valores absolutos, como em proporção ao PV ou peso metabólico (P<0,05) e tenderam a consumir maior quantidade de energia digestível e a sintetizar mais proteína microbiana (P<0,10). A freqüência de suplementação não influenciou na digestibilidade e a eficiência da síntese de proteína microbiana. Somente houve uma tendência de quando os animais foram suplementados com caseinato consumirem maior quantidade de matéria seca em relação ao peso vivo e matéria orgânica em g/Kg de peso metabólico (P<0,10), não havendo mais nenhum efeito da suplementação com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio degradável no rúmen. Houve interação fonte de nitrogênio × freqüência de suplementação no consumo de matéria orgânica digestível e energia digestível onde os animais quando recebendo suplemento com caseinato duas vezes ao dia e quando suplementados com uréia uma vez ao dia consumiram mais destas frações. Quando os animais foram suplementados uma vez por dia apresentaram maiores concentrações ruminais de açucares (CHO) (P<0,05), e o pH, amônia (NH3) e peptídeos + aminoácidos (pep+aa) não foram influenciados pelas diferentes freqüências de suplementação. Maiores concentrações ruminais de NH3 e menores de pep+aa foram observadas quando os animais foram suplementados com uréia (P<0,05). A suplementação com farinha de mandioca mais caseinato fornecido duas vezes ao dia manifestou ser superior as demais suplementações, no entanto os mecanismos não ficaram bem estabelecidos, necessitando estudos adicionais.
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Rückert, Cornelia. "Effekte der Natriumchlorid- oder Ammoniumchloridsupplementierung auf das Harnsteinbildungspotential beim Kaninchen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213472.
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Ziel der Arbeit war eine Steigerung der Wasseraufnahme und Harndilution durch Supplementierung von Natriumchlorid (NaCl) oder pH-Wert-Senkung durch Zugabe von Ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) zur Reduktion des Harnsteinbildungspotenzials.
Durch die NaCl-Zulage wurde die Harnmenge signifikant gesteigert und das spezifische Gewicht des Harns gesenkt. Eine NaCl-Gabe stellt somit einen möglichen ergänzenden therapeutischen Ansatz für eine vermehrte Ausscheidung von Kristallen dar. Eine Ansäuerung des Harns durch Zulage
von NH4Cl ließ sich nicht erreichen.
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Rodrigues, Mariana Del Bosco. "Efeito do consumo de cálcio no tratamento de crianças e adolescentes obesas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-04042008-155033/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos evidenciam a relação da baixa ingestão de cálcio e osteoporose, câncer colo-retal e hipertensão. Mais recentemente, estudos epidemiológicos vêm apontando que pode haver uma diminuição do risco de obesidade e de suas comorbidades com um maior consumo de cálcio e/ou derivados de leite. Ensaios em humanos apresentam resultados conflitantes com relação à perda de peso e alteração dos parâmetros metabólicos. Pretendemos avaliar a interferência da restrição calórica e do consumo de cálcio sobre a evolução dos parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal e parâmetros bioquímicos de 42 meninas (11,1 + 1,4 anos) obesas (2,2 + 0,3 escore Z de IMC) em 5 meses de tratamento no ambulatório de obesidade do HCFMUSP. MÉTODOS: Nesse ensaio clínico não controlado, realizado entre agosto de 2005 a agosto de 2006, orientamos o seguimento de uma dieta hipocalórica balanceada, composta por 3 porções de derivados de leite e complementada com 4 c. sopa de leite em pó desnatado com carbonato de cálcio (adicional de 800mg cálcio). As crianças apresentaram diferentes níveis de adesão, tanto com relação ao consumo energético, quanto com relação ao consumo de cálcio e, a partir desta variação no consumo, investigamos o efeito da dieta sobre a evolução das variáveis. RESULTADOS: Após a intervenção observamos perda de peso, perda de gordura e melhora da maioria dos parâmetros metabólicos (glicose, insulina, HOMA, Colesterol e frações LDL e HDL). Não houve diferença significante na diminuição dos triacilgliceróis e VLDL-C, nem da leptina e da adiponectina. Por meio da regressão linear múltipla identificamos que o consumo de cálcio não explicou a variação do peso nem do perfil lipídico, mas interferiu na melhora da resistência insulínica. Estimamos que com um déficit de 390 kcal e um incremento de mais de 400mg de cálcio por dia seria possível, em 5 meses, diminuir a insulinemia em 9,2 ?U/ml e o HOMA em 2,6%. CONCLUSÃO: O incremento do consumo de cálcio parece não interferir na evolução das variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal de crianças obesas submetidas à dieta hipocalórica balanceada. Sugerimos que o cálcio interfira na resistência insulínica, pois observamos que, sob a mesma restrição calórica, a diminuição da insulinemia e a melhora do HOMA é mais relevante quanto maior o consumo de cálcio. São necessários estudos clínicos controlados e a elucidação de um possível mecanismo de ação para entender o papel do cálcio no controle do metabolismo glicídico.INTODUCTION: It has been shown a relationship between a low calcium intake and osteoporosis, colorectal cancer, and hypertension. Recently, epidemiological studies are pointing that there may be a decreased risk of obesity and its co-morbidities with a higher intakes of calcium and/or dairy. Clinical trials have been showing conflicting results related to weight loss and change in metabolic parameters. We intend to evaluate the interference of caloric restriction and calcium intake on anthropometric and body composition, metabolic and hormonal parameters of 42 obese (2,2 + 0,3 score Z of IMC) girls in 5 months of outpatient treatment at HCFMUSP. METHODS: In an uncontrolled clinical trial launched between August 2005 to August 2006, they`re counseled to include 3 portions of dairy and 40g of nonfat powdered milk with calcium carbonate per day (additional 800mg calcium). Children presented different levels of caloric and calcium intake and so we investigate the effect of these components of diet in several levels. RESULTS: Loss of weight, fat mass and lipid profile were improved independently of calcium intake. There was no significant difference in the decrease of triglycerides and VLDL-C, neither to leptin and adiponectin. Through multiple linear regressions, we identified that calcium intake did not explain the variation of weight or lipid profile, but seems to improve insulin resistance. We estimate that a deficit of 390 kcal and an increase of more than 400mg of calcium per day should decrease insulin levels in 9.2 ? U / ml and the HOMA at 2.6%, after 5 months. CONCLUSION: The increase calcium intake does not seem to interfere in the evolution of the anthropometric variables and body composition in obese children under a balanced hypocaloric diet. We suggest that under the same caloric restriction, calcium intake shold be relevant to improve insulin resistance. In order to understand the role of calcium in the control of glycolic metabolism. Controlled clinical trials are necessary and so the elucidation of a possible mechanism of action.
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Oliveira, Cristiane Franco de. "Consumo de cálcio por adolescentes de escolas públicas (municipais e estaduais) e privadas do município de Chapecó-SC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61889.
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A densidade mineral óssea na vida adulta, um importante componente de resistência óssea, depende do pico de massa óssea adquirido até o final da segunda década de vida. Cerca de 40% da massa óssea é acumulado entre 11 e 14 anos nas meninas e entre 13 e 17 anos nos meninos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a ingestão média diária de cálcio de adolescentes das escolas públicas (estaduais e municipais) e privadas do município de Chapecó-SC. Outros objetivos foram verificar se a ingestão de cálcio dos adolescentes estava de acordo com as diretrizes de referências de ingestão (DRIs), investigar fatores que pudessem interferir na ingestão diária de cálcio (fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos alimentares diversos, hábitos familiares, prática de atividade física), comparar a ingestão diária de cálcio entre os estudantes das escolas públicas (municipais e estaduais) e das escolas privadas. Foram avaliados 214 alunos, com média de idade de 14,3 ± 1,0 anos, dos quais 58% eram do sexo feminino. A maior parte dos alunos estudava em escola pública municipal ou estadual (95%) e no turno da manhã (76%). Do total de alunos, 49,3% declarou tomar café da manhã diariamente, 20% informou quase nunca fazê-lo e 30,7% não tinham este hábito. A mediana de consumo diário de cálcio por aluno foi de 540mg (IQ: 312 – 829 mg) e somente 25 alunos (11,7%) apresentaram consumo de cálcio dentro das recomendações das DRIs para a idade. A maioria dos pais, mães e irmãos consumiam leite regularmente (77%, 79% e 87% respectivamente). Quanto ao consumo regular de alimentos que pudessem estar associados à absorção do cálcio, excetuando-se leite e derivados, 41% relataram consumir refrigerantes, 79,4% informaram comer carne, 10,6% ingeriam ovos e 39,7% tinham hábito de beber chás ou café. Concluímos que o consumo de cálcio dos adolescentes do município de Chapecó é inferior às necessidades diárias de cálcio para sexo e faixa etária estudada, achado também evidenciado em outros municípios brasileiros. Portanto, medidas devem ser adotadas para mudar este hábito, aumentando a ingestão de alimentos fontes de cálcio, especialmente no escolar.Bone mineral density in adulthood, an important component of bone strength depends on peak bone mass acquired by the end of the second decade of life. About 40% of bone mass is accumulated between 11 and 14 years in girls and between 13 and 17 years in boys. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the average daily intake of calcium in adolescents from public schools (state and local) and private Chapecó-SC. Other objectives were to determine whether the calcium intake of adolescents was in accordance with the guidelines of reference intakes (DRIs), investigating factors that might interfere with daily calcium intake (socioeconomic factors, different dietary habits, family habits, practice physical activity), compare the daily calcium intake among students in public schools (state and local) and private schools. We evaluated 214 students, with a mean age of 14.3 ± 1.0 years, of which 58% were female. Most students studying in public school or state (95%) and in the morning (76%). Of all students, 49.3% said eating breakfast daily, 20% reported almost never do so and 30.7% did not have this habit. The median daily calcium intake was 540mg per student (IQ: 312 - 829 mg) and only 25 students (11.7%) had calcium intake within the recommendations of the DRIs for age. Most parents and siblings regularly consumed milk (77%, 79% and 87% respectively). As for the regular consumption of foods that could be associated with the absorption of calcium, except for milk and dairy products, 41% reported consuming soft drinks, 79.4% reported eating meat, eggs consumed 10.6% and 39.7% had the habit of drinking tea or coffee. We conclude that calcium intake of adolescent Chapecó is less than the daily requirement of calcium for sex and age groups, a finding also evident in other municipalities. Therefore, measures should be taken to change this habit, increasing intake of foods rich in calcium, especially in school.
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Stawasz, Lydia-Anne. "Vegan and omnivore diets : an examination of dietary intake, body composition, serum lipids, parathyroid and vitamin D hormones, acid-base balance, urinary calcium excretion and bone parameters in pre-menopausal women /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Borradale, David. "Investigating the links between muscle strength, sun exposure, dietary vitamin D intake and the vitamin D status of ambulatory older adults in South East Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26359/1/David_Borradale_Thesis.pdf.
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Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are now seen as a contemporary health problem in Australia with possible widespread health effects not limited to bone health1. Despite this, the Vitamin D status (measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) of ambulatory adults has been overlooked in this country. Serum 25(OH)D status is especially important among this group as studies have shown a link between Vitamin D and fall risk in older adults2. Limited data also exists on the contributions of sun exposure via ultraviolet radiation and dietary intake to serum 25(OH)D status in this population. The aims of this project were to assess the serum 25(OH)D status of a group of older ambulatory adults in South East Queensland, to assess the association between their serum 25(OH)D status and functional measures as possible indicators of fall risk, obtain data on the sources of Vitamin D in this population and assess whether this intake was related to serum 25(OH)D status and describe sun protection and exposure behaviors in this group and investigate whether a relationship existed between these and serum 25(OH)D status. The collection of this data assists in addressing key gaps identified in the literature with regard to this population group and their Vitamin D status in Australia. A representative convenience sample of participants (N=47) over 55 years of age was recruited for this cross-sectional, exploratory study which was undertaken in December 2007 in south-east Queensland (Brisbane and Sunshine coast). Participants were required to complete a sun exposure questionnaire in addition to a Calcium and Vitamin D food frequency questionnaire. Timed up and go and handgrip dynamometry tests were used to examine functional capacity. Serum 25(OH)D status and blood measures of Calcium, Phosphorus and Albumin were determined through blood tests. The Mean and Median serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) for all participants in this study was 85.8nmol/L (Standard Deviation 29.7nmol/L) and 81.0nmol/L (Range 22-158nmol/L), respectively. Analysis at the bivariate level revealed a statistically significant relationship between serum 25(OH)D status and location, with participants living on the Sunshine Coast having a mean serum 25(OH)D status 21.3nmol/L higher than participants living in Brisbane (p=0.014). While at the descriptive level there was an apparent trend towards higher outdoor exposure and increasing levels of serum 25(OH)D, no statistically significant associations between the sun measures of outdoor exposure, sun protection behaviors and phenotypic characteristics and serum 25(OH)D status were observed. Intake of both Calcium and Vitamin D was low in this sample with sixty-eight (68%) of participants not meeting the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for Calcium (Median=771.0mg; Range=218.0-2616.0mg), while eighty-seven (87%) did not meet the Adequate Intake for Vitamin D (Median=4.46ug; Range=0.13-30.0ug). This raises the question of how realistic meeting the new Adequate Intakes for Vitamin D is, when there is such a low level of Vitamin D fortification in this country. However, participants meeting the Adequate Intake (AI) for Vitamin D were observed to have a significantly higher serum 25(OH)D status compared to those not meeting the AI for Vitamin D (p=0.036), showing that meeting the AI for Vitamin D may play a significant role in determining Vitamin D status in this population. By stratifying our data by categories of outdoor exposure time, a trend was observed between increased importance of Vitamin D dietary intake as a possible determinant of serum 25(OH)D status in participants with lower outdoor exposures. While a trend towards higher Timed Up and Go scores in participants with higher 25(OH) D status was seen, this was only significant for females (p=0.014). Handgrip strength showed statistically significant association with serum 25(OH)D status. The high serum 25(OH)D status in our sample almost certainly explains the limited relationship between functional measures and serum 25(OH)D. However, the observation of an association between slower Time Up and Go speeds, and lower serum 25(OH)D levels, even with a small sample size, is significant as slower Timed Up and Go speeds have been associated with increased fall risk in older adults3. Multivariable regression analysis revealed Location as the only significant determinant of serum 25(OH)D status at p=0.014, with trends (p=>0.1) for higher serum 25(OH)D being shown for participants that met the AI for Vitamin D and rated themselves as having a higher health status. The results of this exploratory study show that 93.6% of participants had adequate 25(OH)D status-possibly due to measurement being taken in the summer season and the convenience nature of the sample. However, many participants do not meet their dietary Calcium and Vitamin D requirements, which may indicate inadequate intake of these nutrients in older Australians and a higher risk of osteoporosis. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and functional measures in this population also requires further study, especially in older adults displaying Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.
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Borradale, David. "Investigating the links between muscle strength, sun exposure, dietary vitamin D intake and the vitamin D status of ambulatory older adults in South East Queensland." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26359/.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are now seen as a contemporary health problem in Australia with possible widespread health effects not limited to bone health1. Despite this, the Vitamin D status (measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) of ambulatory adults has been overlooked in this country. Serum 25(OH)D status is especially important among this group as studies have shown a link between Vitamin D and fall risk in older adults2. Limited data also exists on the contributions of sun exposure via ultraviolet radiation and dietary intake to serum 25(OH)D status in this population. The aims of this project were to assess the serum 25(OH)D status of a group of older ambulatory adults in South East Queensland, to assess the association between their serum 25(OH)D status and functional measures as possible indicators of fall risk, obtain data on the sources of Vitamin D in this population and assess whether this intake was related to serum 25(OH)D status and describe sun protection and exposure behaviors in this group and investigate whether a relationship existed between these and serum 25(OH)D status. The collection of this data assists in addressing key gaps identified in the literature with regard to this population group and their Vitamin D status in Australia. A representative convenience sample of participants (N=47) over 55 years of age was recruited for this cross-sectional, exploratory study which was undertaken in December 2007 in south-east Queensland (Brisbane and Sunshine coast). Participants were required to complete a sun exposure questionnaire in addition to a Calcium and Vitamin D food frequency questionnaire. Timed up and go and handgrip dynamometry tests were used to examine functional capacity. Serum 25(OH)D status and blood measures of Calcium, Phosphorus and Albumin were determined through blood tests. The Mean and Median serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) for all participants in this study was 85.8nmol/L (Standard Deviation 29.7nmol/L) and 81.0nmol/L (Range 22-158nmol/L), respectively. Analysis at the bivariate level revealed a statistically significant relationship between serum 25(OH)D status and location, with participants living on the Sunshine Coast having a mean serum 25(OH)D status 21.3nmol/L higher than participants living in Brisbane (p=0.014). While at the descriptive level there was an apparent trend towards higher outdoor exposure and increasing levels of serum 25(OH)D, no statistically significant associations between the sun measures of outdoor exposure, sun protection behaviors and phenotypic characteristics and serum 25(OH)D status were observed. Intake of both Calcium and Vitamin D was low in this sample with sixty-eight (68%) of participants not meeting the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for Calcium (Median=771.0mg; Range=218.0-2616.0mg), while eighty-seven (87%) did not meet the Adequate Intake for Vitamin D (Median=4.46ug; Range=0.13-30.0ug). This raises the question of how realistic meeting the new Adequate Intakes for Vitamin D is, when there is such a low level of Vitamin D fortification in this country. However, participants meeting the Adequate Intake (AI) for Vitamin D were observed to have a significantly higher serum 25(OH)D status compared to those not meeting the AI for Vitamin D (p=0.036), showing that meeting the AI for Vitamin D may play a significant role in determining Vitamin D status in this population. By stratifying our data by categories of outdoor exposure time, a trend was observed between increased importance of Vitamin D dietary intake as a possible determinant of serum 25(OH)D status in participants with lower outdoor exposures. While a trend towards higher Timed Up and Go scores in participants with higher 25(OH) D status was seen, this was only significant for females (p=0.014). Handgrip strength showed statistically significant association with serum 25(OH)D status. The high serum 25(OH)D status in our sample almost certainly explains the limited relationship between functional measures and serum 25(OH)D. However, the observation of an association between slower Time Up and Go speeds, and lower serum 25(OH)D levels, even with a small sample size, is significant as slower Timed Up and Go speeds have been associated with increased fall risk in older adults3. Multivariable regression analysis revealed Location as the only significant determinant of serum 25(OH)D status at p=0.014, with trends (p=>0.1) for higher serum 25(OH)D being shown for participants that met the AI for Vitamin D and rated themselves as having a higher health status. The results of this exploratory study show that 93.6% of participants had adequate 25(OH)D status-possibly due to measurement being taken in the summer season and the convenience nature of the sample. However, many participants do not meet their dietary Calcium and Vitamin D requirements, which may indicate inadequate intake of these nutrients in older Australians and a higher risk of osteoporosis. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and functional measures in this population also requires further study, especially in older adults displaying Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.