Academic literature on the topic 'Calcium Compunds'
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Journal articles on the topic "Calcium Compunds"
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Smith, S., P. Forscher, M. Cooper, and A. Waxman. "Digital video and laser microscopic studies of developmental events in living neurons and nervous systems." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100156134.
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Motility and structural change are extremely important aspects of nervous system development. We are working to refine digital video and laser confocal light microscopic methods for visualization of neuronal motility both in situ and in vitro. Our efforts are oriented especially toward the collection of digitally-enhanced time-lapse movies, for which purpose we especially favor the use of the optical memory disc video recorder. It is our feeling that such dynamic observations are yielding insights not obtainable from examination of fixed specimens. Work to be discussed includes video microscopic studies of the basic motility mechanisms of neuronal growth cones in vitro and laser confocal observations of mammalian CNS growth cone motility and cell proliferation and migration events in slices of embryonic rat cortex.As cell markers for the laser confocal studies, we have used a variety of fluorescent compunds including the lipid stain Dil(C18-3) and the Ca indicator Fluo-3. The latter compound is of special interest in revealing the cytosolic calcium transients associated with various forms of cell signalling as well as making cell structure and motility visible. We have found the use of slow-scan, single-sweep laser image acquisition especially valuable in the collection images from living, moving cells, as this mode circumvents the blurring of moving specimen details associated with the prolonged integration times of low-light-level video data acquisition and multi-sweep averaging in laser scanning systems.
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GONZÁLEZ–VÉLEZ, VIRGINIA, and HORACIO GONZÁLEZ–VÉLEZ. "PARALLEL STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF MACROSCOPIC CALCIUM CURRENTS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 05, no. 03 (June 2007): 755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720007002679.
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This work introduces MACACO, a macroscopic calcium currents simulator. It provides a parameter-sweep framework which computes macroscopic Ca 2+ currents from the individual aggregation of unitary currents, using a stochastic model for L-type Ca 2+ channels. MACACO uses a simplified 3-state Markov model to simulate the response of each Ca 2+ channel to different voltage inputs to the cell. In order to provide an accurate systematic view for the stochastic nature of the calcium channels, MACACO is composed of an experiment generator, a central simulation engine and a post-processing script component. Due to the computational complexity of the problem and the dimensions of the parameter space, the MACACO simulation engine employs a grid-enabled task farm. Having been designed as a computational biology tool, MACACO heavily borrows from the way cell physiologists conduct and report their experimental work.
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Kawabata, Osamu, and Richard A. Criley. "MACROMIXER: A SPREADSHEET PROGRAM TO AID MIXING MACRO-NUTRIENTS FOR SOLUTION CULTURE." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 670e—670. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.670e.
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In solution culture experiments, determining the quantity of nutrient sources to dispense in a solution mix is time consuming. When a source contains more than one controlled element (e.g., calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]), a change made to control one element (Ca) requires an adjustment to the other element (N). To ease the computational chore, MacroMixer, an application program for mixing macro-nutrients, was developed using a spreadsheet for microcomputers. MacroMixer consists of two parts. The first part computes the weight (volume for a liquid) of source necessary to give the target element concentration from each source. The second part computes the total concentration for each macro-element from a set of sources in the final mix. The total volume of the mix is specified at the beginning of program, but it can be changed later. Users can obtain a required weight for each source using the first part to use as a starting value in the second part. Adjustments are made among sources to achieve target element concentrations in the final mix. The spreadsheet format hides computational formulae and constants for a clear view of solution composition; thus users are encouraged to exercise trial and error to achieve the most balanced mix. Using this program, we quickly formulated 13 mixes used in a 5 K-levels × 5 Ca-levels partial factorial experiment.
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Cooke, Andrew J., and R. Kerry Rowe. "Modelling landfill leachate-induced clogging of field-scale test cells (mesocosms)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 11 (November 2008): 1497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-076.
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A two-dimensional fluid flow and reactive transport model, BioClog, created to predict clogging in landfill leachate collection systems is used to calculate the clogging of gravel and treatment of leachate as it flows through the gravel in two real-scale experimental cells, called mesocosms, which represent the portion of a landfill drainage layer adjacent to a landfill collection pipe. These tests were conducted using real-time flows of landfill leachate and were run for about 6 and 12 years. The model computes spatial and temporal changes in clog quantity and composition. An empirical relationship predicts changes in hydraulic conductivity, and a variable mesh technique allows the surface to be free and dependent on calculated hydraulic heads. Calculated porosity change, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and calcium concentrations, along with porosity and clog film thickness at termination are compared with the observed values and found to be in reasonable agreement given the variability and uncertainties associated with these processes.
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Martoncsak, Elisabeth. "Modul de acțiune și caracteristicile tehnologiilor cu arginină plus un compus insolubil de calciu, adăugate în pastele de dinți cu fluor." Romanian Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjphp.2019.2.2.
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Bosha, Tafese, Christine Lambert, Simon Riedel, Ute Gola, Aberra Melesse, and Hans K. Biesalski. "Validation of the CIMI-Ethiopia Program and Seasonal Variation in Maternal Nutrient Intake in Enset (False Banana) Growing Areas of Southern Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 2852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162852.
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Background: Tools for the rapid and accurate analysis of nutrient intakes from diets of individuals in Southern Ethiopia are lacking. The Calculator of Inadequate Micronutrient Intake program for Ethiopia (CIMI-Ethiopia) has been developed to overcome this problem. CIMI-Ethiopia also computes protein and energy intakes from the diet. The objectives of the current study were to validate CIMI-Ethiopia for the dietary pattern of Southern Ethiopia, and assess the nutrient intakes in postharvest dry and lean wet seasons. Methods: 24-h dietary recall (24HR) data was collected from 578 women of a reproductive age in postharvest dry and lean wet seasons in 2017. For analysis, 24HR data was entered into NutriSurvey (NS), which was the reference nutrition software, and then into CIMI-Ethiopia. For validation, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the difference between CIMI-Ethiopia and NS were computed. The percentage of participants with an inadequate intake was calculated. The correlation between CIMI-Ethiopia and NS results was determined. The nutrient intakes in postharvest dry and lean seasons were compared. Results: Among the nutrients, pantothenic acid, vitamin B1, and protein showed a very high accuracy in CIMI-Ethiopia calculation (|difference (D)| < 5.0% of the NS result). Nutrients with a good accuracy (|D| = 5%–15%) were iron, zinc, magnesium, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and energy. The accuracy for calcium, niacin, and vitamin A was moderate (|D| = 15%–30%). The intakes calculated by CIMI-Ethiopia and NS of iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, B-complex vitamins, vitamin A, protein, and energy were highly correlated (r = 0.85–0.97, p < 0.001). NS analysis identified a significant reduction in the mean intake of iron; zinc; magnesium; pantothenic acid; vitamin B1, B12, and D; protein; and energy in the lean wet season; however, calcium and vitamin A intake increased. Conclusions: It has been found that CIMI-Ethiopia is a valid tool for estimating nutrient intakes at an individual level in Southern Ethiopia. The study demonstrated a decline in intakes of iron; zinc; magnesium; pantothenic acid; vitamin B1, B12, and D; protein; and energy in the lean wet season. This result provides some hint for fortification and supplementation programs that aim to combat maternal malnutrition in rural Southern Ethiopia.
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Ho, Woon Wei, Alvin Chun Sheng Tan, Yilin Jiang, Felix Keng, Swee Yaw Tan, and Lohendran Baskaran. "Abstract 12310: Comparison of Coronary Artery Calcium Quantification Methods in Statin Users and Non-Users." Circulation 146, Suppl_1 (November 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.146.suppl_1.12310.
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Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) can be quantified using various methods. The Agatston score (AS) computes the weighted sum of lesions with the maximum plaque attenuation factor. Calcium Volume measures the total volume of CAC, whereas Calcium Density has been shown to provide superior prognostication compared to the AS. Since statin use is associated with change in coronary plaque composition and thus CAC, we evaluated the difference CAC quantification methods among patients with suspected CAD receiving and not receiving statin therapy. Methods: Patients with suspected CAD and underwent cardiac computed tomography were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Patient demographics and risk factors were obtained from electronic medical records. AS, Calcium Volume, Number of Lesions and Calcium Density were individually analysed with patient demographics and risk factors using multivariate models. Results were compared between patients on statins and not on statins to assess differences in CAC quantification methods. Results: Of the 528 patients, 43.0% were female, 40.9% had hypertension, 14.8% had diabetes, 44.3% had family history of CAD and 23.5% were smokers. While 58.5% of patients had hyperlipidemia, only 48.9% were on statin therapy. The mean age was 53.9±10.9 years, and the mean BMI was 26.1±5.69. Diabetes, hypertension, family history of CAD, and older age was more likely present in statin users (P < 0.05 for all). In multivariate analysis, these variables and higher BMI were significantly associated with statin use in all four models (Table 1). For CAC quantification, Calcium Volume, AS, and Number of Lesions did not differ significantly between statin users and non-users, whereas Calcium Density was higher in statin users (OR = 1.19, CI = (1.02, 1.39), P = 0.025). Conclusions: Statin use is associated with higher Calcium Density but is not associated with differences in other CAC quantification methods in patients with suspected CAD.
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Cook, Daniel Charles, and Timothy Aidan Ryan. "GABABR silencing of nerve terminals." eLife 12 (April 4, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.83530.
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Control of neurotransmission efficacy is central to theories of how the brain computes and stores information. Presynaptic G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical in this problem as they locally influence synaptic strength and can operate on a wide range of time scales. Among the mechanisms by which GPCRs impact neurotransmission is by inhibiting voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) influx in the active zone. Here, using quantitative analysis of both single bouton Ca2+ influx and exocytosis, we uncovered an unexpected non-linear relationship between the magnitude of action potential driven Ca2+ influx and the concentration of external Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e). We find that this unexpected relationship is leveraged by GPCR signaling when operating at the nominal physiological set point for [Ca2+]e, 1.2 mM, to achieve complete silencing of nerve terminals. These data imply that the information throughput in neural circuits can be readily modulated in an all-or none fashion at the single synapse level when operating at the physiological set point.
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Zhang, Yuxin, Tobias Ackels, Alexandra Pacureanu, Marie-Christine Zdora, Anne Bonnin, Andreas T. Schaefer, and Carles Bosch. "Sample Preparation and Warping Accuracy for Correlative Multimodal Imaging in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb Using 2-Photon, Synchrotron X-Ray and Volume Electron Microscopy." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10 (June 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.880696.
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Integrating physiology with structural insights of the same neuronal circuit provides a unique approach to understanding how the mammalian brain computes information. However, combining the techniques that provide both streams of data represents an experimental challenge. When studying glomerular column circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb, this approach involves e.g., recording the neuronal activity with in vivo 2-photon (2P) calcium imaging, retrieving the circuit structure with synchrotron X-ray computed tomography with propagation-based phase contrast (SXRT) and/or serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) and correlating these datasets. Sample preparation and dataset correlation are two key bottlenecks in this correlative workflow. Here, we first quantify the occurrence of different artefacts when staining tissue slices with heavy metals to generate X-ray or electron contrast. We report improvements in the staining procedure, ultimately achieving perfect staining in ∼67% of the 0.6 mm thick olfactory bulb slices that were previously imaged in vivo with 2P. Secondly, we characterise the accuracy of the spatial correlation between functional and structural datasets. We demonstrate that direct, single-cell precise correlation between in vivo 2P and SXRT tissue volumes is possible and as reliable as correlating between 2P and SBEM. Altogether, these results pave the way for experiments that require retrieving physiology, circuit structure and synaptic signatures in targeted regions. These correlative function-structure studies will bring a more complete understanding of mammalian olfactory processing across spatial scales and time.
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Serrano, Ricardo, Wesley L. McKeithan, Mark Mercola, and Juan C. del Álamo. "Abstract 17056: High-Throughput Physiological Assay for Force and Stiffness Quantification in IPS Derived Cardiomyocytes." Circulation 138, Suppl_1 (November 6, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.138.suppl_1.17056.
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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease persists as one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. Physiological assays with iPSC-cardiomyocytes have been quickly adopted for cardiac drug discovery, and the study of cardiac disease in vitro. Whereas most of these assays focus on the kinematics of voltage and calcium, assays that quantify contraction forces are less common. Moreover, there is no current high-throughput method to characterize the passive elastic properties of cardyomyocytes that contribute to dyastolic function. Methods and Results: We have developed a method to measure and characterize force of contraction and stiffness of beating cardiomyocytes, solely based on optical measurements. First, we created a device consisting of 96 well plates with soft deformable polyacrylamide gels, doped with fluorescent beads (A). IPSc cardiomyocytes are seeded on the gels and stained with Wheat Germ Agluttining (WGA). We then acquire videos of both membrane and beads (B). Our algorithm processes the videos with Particle Image Velocimetry to obtain instantaneous deformation fields on the cells (C) and the gel. Next, the traction stresses at the cell-substrate interface (D) are computed using Traction Force Microscopy, and the intracellular monolayer stress using Monolayer Stress Microscopy. Our algorithm computes temporal traces of strain on the cells (E), traction forces on the gel (F), and retrieve relevant parameters that characterize the signal (G). The elastic modulus of the cells is inferred by fitting the relationship between the measured intracellular stress and strain maps. We have validated our analysis by performing dose response curves on cardiomyocytes treated with isoproterenol, mavacamten, and omecamtiv mecarbil (H). Conclusions: To our knowledge, we present the first method that measures force and elasticity of cardiomyocytes in a high-throughput set-up, as well as a novel device that allows for the execution of such experiments.