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1

Lacombe, Olivier, Camille Parlangeau, Nicolas E. Beaudoin, and Khalid Amrouch. "Calcite Twin Formation, Measurement and Use as Stress–Strain Indicators: A Review of Progress over the Last Decade." Geosciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11110445.

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Mechanical twins are common microstructures in deformed calcite. Calcite twins have been used for a long time as indicators of stress/strain orientations and magnitudes. Developments during the last decade point toward significant improvements of existing techniques as well as new applications of calcite twin analysis in tectonic studies. This review summarises the recent progress in the understanding of twin formation, including nucleation and growth of twins, and discusses the concept of CRSS and its dependence on several factors such as strain, temperature and grain size. Classical and rece
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2

Parlangeau, Camille, Alexandre Dimanov, Olivier Lacombe, Simon Hallais, and Jean-Marc Daniel. "Uniaxial compression of calcite single crystals at room temperature: insights into twinning activation and development." Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (2019): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-307-2019.

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Abstract. E-twinning is a common plastic deformation mechanism in calcite deformed at low temperature. Strain rate, temperature and confining pressure have negligible effects on twinning activation which is mainly dependent on differential stress. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) required for twinning activation is dependent on grain size and strain hardening. This CRSS value may obey the Hall–Petch relation, but due to sparse experimental data its actual evolution with grain size and strain still remains a matter of debate. In order to provide additional constraints on twinning activ
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Schuster, Roman, Gerlinde Habler, Erhard Schafler, and Rainer Abart. "Intragranular deformation mechanisms in calcite deformed by high-pressure torsion at room temperature." Mineralogy and Petrology 114, no. 2 (2020): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-019-00690-y.

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AbstractPolycrystalline calcite was deformed to high strain at room-temperature and confining pressures of 1–4 GPa using high-pressure torsion. The high confining pressure suppresses brittle failure and allows for shear strains >100. The post-deformation microstructures show inter- and intragranular cataclastic deformation and a high density of mechanical e$$ \left\{01\overline{1}8\right\} $$011¯8 twins and deformation lamellae in highly strained porphyroclasts. The morphologies of the twins resemble twin morphologies that are typically associated with substantially higher deformation tempe
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4

Mirijam, Vrabec, Rogan Šmuc Nastja, and Vrabec Marko. "Calcite deformation twins in Pohorje marbles." Geologija 61, no. 1 (2018): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2018.005.

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5

Németh, Péter. "Diffraction Features from (101¯4) Calcite Twins Mimicking Crystallographic Ordering." Minerals 11, no. 7 (2021): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070720.

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During phase transitions the ordering of cations and/or anions along specific crystallographic directions can take place. As a result, extra reflections may occur in diffraction patterns, which can indicate cell doubling and the reduction of the crystallographic symmetry. However, similar features may also arise from twinning. Here the nanostructures of a glendonite, a calcite (CaCO3) pseudomorph after ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), from Victoria Cave (Russia) were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This paper demonstrates the occurrence of extra reflections at positions halfway betwe
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6

Rutter, Ernest, David Wallis, and Kamil Kosiorek. "Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction to Calcite-Twinning Paleopiezometry." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060222.

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Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to determine the orientation of mechanically twinned grains in Carrara marble experimentally deformed to a small strain (≤4%) at room temperature and at a moderate confining pressure (225 MPa). The thicknesses of deformation twins were mostly too small to permit determination of their orientation by EBSD but it proved possible to measure their orientations by calculating possible twin orientations from host grain orientation, then comparing calculated traces to the observed twin traces. The validity of the Turner & Weiss method for principal
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7

Lacombe, Olivier. "Calcite Deformation Twins: From Crystal Plasticity to Applications in Geosciences." Geosciences 12, no. 7 (2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12070280.

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8

Côté, A. S., R. Darkins, and D. M. Duffy. "Deformation twinning and the role of amino acids and magnesium in calcite hardness from molecular simulation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 31 (2015): 20178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03370e.

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We employ classical molecular dynamics to calculate elastic properties and to model the nucleation and propagation of deformation twins in calcite, both as a pure crystal and with magnesium and aspartate inclusions.
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9

González-Casado, José M., and Carmen Garcı́a-Cuevas. "Calcite twins from microveins as indicators of deformation history." Journal of Structural Geology 21, no. 7 (1999): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(99)00081-4.

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10

Kang, Seong-Seung, Jun-Mo Kim, and Bo-An Jang. "Paleostress fields from calcite twins in the Pyeongan Supergroup, South Korea." Island Arc 14, no. 2 (2005): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00462.x.

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11

Vattuone, Maria E., Carlos O. Latorre, and Pablo R. Leal. "Mineralogy and paragenesis of Ca-dachiardite in Cretaceous zeolitized volcanic rocks, Esquel, Chubut, Argentinian Patagonia." Andean Geology 33, no. 1 (2010): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov33n1-a07.

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Ca-dachiardite is present in Cretaceous volcanic breccias affected by very low grade metamorphism. The cement of the breccia shows quartz, Ca-dachiardite, mordenite, cristobalite, calcite and siderite, while in the clasts there are pectolite, prehnite, yugawaralite, Ca-dachiardite, albite, adularia, interestratified smectite/chlorite (S/C), quartz and cristobalite. Most Ca-dachiardites are found in the cement of the breccia. It occurs principally as fibrous tubes of parallel or lightly divergent bladed and tabular crystals, arranged in concentrical layers with length along 'b' and the fibers;
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12

Zheng, Jian, Yehua Shan, and Simin Hu. "Paleostress Analysis from Calcite Twins at the Longshan Dome (Central Hunan, South China): Mesozoic Mega-Fold Superimposition in the Reworked Continent." Geosciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11110456.

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It is generally accepted that during the Mesozoic NE−NNE-trending folds overprinted E−W-trending folds to form the Longshan dome in the central South China continent, although the interference map does not tell the relative ages of the fold sets. In an effort to deepen our understanding of the process of reworking the continent, paleostress analysis using calcite twins was carried out in this study to verify or falsify this model. Ten limestone samples were collected from Upper-Paleozoic limestones on the flanks of the dome and were measured using the universal stage for calcite e-twins. E-twi
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13

MAHER, HARMON D., KEI OGATA, and ALVAR BRAATHEN. "Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard." Geological Magazine 154, no. 2 (2016): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000886.

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AbstractCone-in-cone (CIC) and beef (BF) carbonate lenses ornament detachment zone faults underlying Triassic growth basins on Edgeøya. Field relationships place CIC and BF growth as during early diagenesis and a transition from hydroplastic to a later brittle-style of faulting that is marked by coarser calcite veining. Deformation is constrained to have occurred at <300 m depth. Multiple models exist for CIC formation. For the Edgeøya example, textural analysis of thin-sections suggests that small tensile fractures and carbonate shell fragments nucleated development of calcite aggregates w
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14

Lacombe, O., and P. Laurent. "Determination of principal stress magnitudes using calcite twins and rock mechanics data." Tectonophysics 202, no. 1 (1992): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90456-g.

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15

Craddock, John P., Uwe Ring, and O. Adrian Pfiffner. "Deformation of the European Plate (58-0 Ma): Evidence from Calcite Twinning Strains." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060254.

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We present a data set of calcite twinning strain results (n = 209 samples; 9919 measured calcite twins) from the internal Alpine nappes northwestward across the Alps and Alpine foreland to the older extensional margin along the Atlantic coast in Ireland. Along the coast of Northern Ireland, Cretaceous chalks and Tertiary basalts are cross-cut by calcite veins and offset by calcite-filled normal and strike-slip faults. Both Irish sample suites (n = 16 with four U-Pb vein calcite ages between 70–42 Ma) record a sub-horizontal SW-NE shortening strain with vertical extension and no strain overprin
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16

Jang, Bo-An, Cheong-Bin Kim, and Seong-Seung Kang. "Paleostress from calcite twins of limestone and its tectonic implication in South Korea." Geosystem Engineering 15, no. 3 (2012): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2012.702092.

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17

Rybacki, E., B. Evans, C. Janssen, R. Wirth, and G. Dresen. "Influence of stress, temperature, and strain on calcite twins constrained by deformation experiments." Tectonophysics 601 (August 2013): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.04.021.

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18

Pfänder, Jörg, Blanka Sperner, and Lothar Ratschbacher. "Strain from calcite twins: the TWIST program and its application in the deformation analysis of Southern Germany." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 149, no. 3 (1998): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/149/1998/345.

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19

Lacombe, O. "Calcite Twins, a Tool for Tectonic Studies in Thrust Belts and Stable Orogenic Forelands." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 65, no. 6 (2010): 809–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2009088.

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20

Laurent, Philippe, Christophe Tourneret, and Olivier Laborde. "Determining deviatoric stress tensors from calcite twins: Applications to monophased synthetic and natural polycrystals." Tectonics 9, no. 3 (1990): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc009i003p00379.

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21

González-Casado, José M., and Carmen Garcı́a-Cuevas. "Strain analysis from calcite e-twins in the Cameros basin, NW Iberian Chain, Spain." Journal of Structural Geology 24, no. 11 (2002): 1777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(01)00166-3.

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22

Ferrill, David A. "Critical re-evaluation of differential stress estimates from calcite twins in coarse-grained limestone." Tectonophysics 285, no. 1-2 (1998): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00190-x.

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23

Kim, Jun-Mo, Bo-An Jang, Yuzo Obara, and Seong-Seung Kang. "Paleostress reconstructions based on calcite twins in the Joseon Supergroup, northeastern Ogcheon Belt (South Korea)." Island Arc 17, no. 1 (2007): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2007.00598.x.

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24

Vitale, S., J. C. White, A. Iannace, and S. Mazzoli. "Ductile strain partitioning in micritic limestones, Calabria, Italy: the roles and mechanisms of intracrystalline and intercrystalline deformation." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 11 (2007): 1587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-055.

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The Apennine Pollino–Ciagola limestone unit in northern Calabria is characterized by subgreenschist, heterogeneous ductile strain localized along narrow deformation zones at several stratigraphic levels. Paleogene conglomerates and Jurassic calcareous breccias and ooidal packstones have been analyzed with the aim of characterizing the deformation of limestone as a function of the strain recorded by sedimentary markers. Reference sections parallel to principal finite strain planes were prepared at each locality for the study of specific parameters. Image analysis of polished sections by scannin
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25

González-Casado, J. M., P. Gumiel, J. L. Giner-Robles, R. Campos, and A. Moreno. "Calcite e-twins as markers of recent tectonics: insights from Quaternary karstic deposits from SE Spain." Journal of Structural Geology 28, no. 6 (2006): 1084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.03.019.

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26

Burgin, Hugo B., Khalid Amrouch, Philippe Robion, and David Kulikowski. "An integrated approach to determining 4D stress development at Castle Cove." APPEA Journal 59, no. 1 (2019): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18173.

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Models for basin evolution and natural fracture development often contain many uncertainties. Multiscale approaches to structural analysis assist in reducing these by providing checkpoints for structural evolution to better constrain the development of paleostress phases through time. In this study, we integrate the analysis of calcite twins, magnetic fabrics, stylolites and natural fractures at Castle Cove in the eastern Otway Basin, producing a five-phase model for stress evolution consisting of: phase 1 ~NW–SE Mid-Cretaceous strike-slip or compression; phases 2 and 3 Late Cretaceous extensi
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27

Tourneret, C., and P. Laurent. "Paleo-stress orientations from calcite twins in the North Pyrenean foreland, determined by the Etchecopar inverse method." Tectonophysics 180, no. 2-4 (1990): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90314-x.

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28

Holbek, Simon C., Madison Frank, James M. Scott, et al. "Structural Controls on Shallow Cenozoic Fluid Flow in the Otago Schist, New Zealand." Geofluids 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9647197.

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The Otago Schist in the South Island of New Zealand represents an exhumed Mesozoic accretionary prism. Two coastal areas (Akatore Creek and Bruce Rocks) south of Dunedin preserve structural and geochemical evidence for the development of postmetamorphic hydrothermal systems that involved widespread fluid-rock reaction at shallow crustal depths. The Jurassic to Triassic pumpellyite-actinolite (Akatore Creek) to upper greenschist facies (Bruce Rocks) metamorphic fabrics were crosscut by sets of regionally extensive Cretaceous exhumation joints. Many of the joints were subsequently reactivated to
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29

Lacombe, O., J. Angelier, and P. Laurent. "Determining paleostress orientations from faults and calcite twins: a case study near the Sainte-Victoire Range (southern France)." Tectonophysics 201, no. 1-2 (1992): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90180-e.

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30

Burkhard, Martin. "Calcite twins, their geometry, appearance and significance as stress-strain markers and indicators of tectonic regime: a review." Journal of Structural Geology 15, no. 3-5 (1993): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(93)90132-t.

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31

Lacombe, Olivier. "Paleostress magnitudes associated with development of mountain belts: Insights from tectonic analyses of calcite twins in the Taiwan Foothills." Tectonics 20, no. 6 (2001): 834–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001tc900019.

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32

Arboit, Francesco, Khalid Amrouch, Alan S. Collins, Rosalind King, and Christopher Morley. "Determination of the tectonic evolution from fractures, faults, and calcite twins on the southwestern margin of the Indochina Block." Tectonics 34, no. 8 (2015): 1576–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015tc003876.

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33

Zhang, Yi, Jing-Ran Zhu, and Xiao-Yan Yu. "A Comparative Study of the Gemological Characteristics and Inclusions in Spinels from Myanmar and Tajikistan." Crystals 12, no. 5 (2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050617.

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Currently, most of the popular spinels in the jewellery market come from Myanmar and Tajikistan. It is well known that provenance is one of the main factors affecting the value of a gemstone, and the geographic origin of a gemstone can be determined by examining its gemological and inclusion characteristics. This study systematically characterized the conventional gemology of spinels from Myanmar and Tajikistan and compared the inclusions in the spinels from these two countries by means of gemological microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that most red and pink Myanmarese spine
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34

Lacombe, O., J. Angelier, Ph Laurent, F. Bergerat, and Ch Tourneret. "Joint analyses of calcite twins and fault slips as a key for deciphering polyphase tectonics: Burgundy as a case study." Tectonophysics 182, no. 3-4 (1990): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90168-8.

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35

Paulsen, Timothy S., Christie M. Demosthenous, Paul M. Myrow, Nigel C. Hughes, and S. K. Parcha. "Paleostrain stratigraphic analysis of calcite twins across the Cambrian–Ordovician unconformity in the Tethyan Himalaya, Spiti and Zanskar valley regions, India." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 31, no. 1 (2007): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.04.001.

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36

Lacombe, Olivier. "Comparison of paleostress magnitudes from calcite twins with contemporary stress magnitudes and frictional sliding criteria in the continental crust: Mechanical implications." Journal of Structural Geology 29, no. 1 (2007): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.08.009.

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37

Gągała, Łukasz. "Reliability of selected procedures of stress inversion and data separation for inhomogeneous populations of calcite twins and striated faults: insights from numerical experiments." International Journal of Earth Sciences 98, no. 2 (2007): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-007-0262-3.

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38

Constantin, Joël, Philippe Laurent, Pierre Vergély, and Justo Cabrera. "Paleo-deviatoric stress magnitudes from calcite twins and related structural permeability evolution in minor faults: Example from the toarcian shale of the French Causses Basin, Aveyron, France." Tectonophysics 429, no. 1-2 (2007): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.09.014.

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39

Lykova, Inna, Dmitry Varlamov, Nikita Chukanov, et al. "Chromium Members of the Pumpellyite Group: Shuiskite-(Cr), Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, a New Mineral, and Shuiskite-(Mg), a New Species Name for Shuiskite." Minerals 10, no. 5 (2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050390.

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A new pumpellyite-group mineral shuiskite-(Cr), ideally Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, was found at the Rudnaya mine, Glavnoe Saranovskoe deposit, Middle Urals, Russia. It occurs on the walls of 0.5 to 1 cm thick fractures in chromitite, filled with calcite, Cr-bearing clinochlore, and uvarovite. Shuiskite-(Cr) forms long prismatic to acicular crystals up to 0.1 × 0.5 × 7 mm elongated along [010] and slightly flattened on [100]. The crystals are commonly combined into radial, sheaf-like aggregates. Most observed crystals are simple twins with a (001) composition plane. Shuiskite-(Cr) is gree
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40

Pokroy, B., M. Kapon, F. Marin, N. Adir, and E. Zolotoyabko. "Protein-induced, previously unidentified twin form of calcite." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 18 (2007): 7337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0608584104.

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Using single-crystal x-ray diffraction, we found a formerly unknown twin form in calcite crystals grown from solution to which a mollusc shell-derived 17-kDa protein, Caspartin, was added. This intracrystalline protein was extracted from the calcitic prisms of the Pinna nobilis shells. The observed twin form is characterized by the twinning plane of the (108)-type, which is in addition to the known four twin laws of calcite identified during 150 years of investigations. The established twin forms in calcite have twinning planes of the (001)-, (012)-, (104)-, and (018)-types. Our discovery prov
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41

Ferrill, David A., Alan P. Morris, Mark A. Evans, Martin Burkhard, Richard H. Groshong, and Charles M. Onasch. "Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer." Journal of Structural Geology 26, no. 8 (2004): 1521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.028.

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42

Yamaji, Atsushi. "How tightly does calcite e-twin constrain stress?" Journal of Structural Geology 72 (March 2015): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.01.008.

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43

Groshong, Richard H. "Origin and Application of the Twinned Calcite Strain Gauge." Geosciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070296.

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This paper is a personal account of the origin and development of the twinned-calcite strain gauge, its experimental verification, and its relationship to stress analysis. The method allows the calculation of the three-dimensional deviatoric strain tensor based on five or more twin sets. A minimum of about 25 twin sets should provide a reasonably accurate result for the magnitude and orientation of the strain tensor. The opposite-signed strain axis orientation is the most accurately located. Where one strain axis is appreciably different from the other two, that axis is generally within about
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44

Wall, F., M. J. Le Bas, and R. K. Srivastava. "Calcite and carbocernaite exsolution and cotectic textures in a Sr,REE-rich carbonatite dyke from Rajasthan, India." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 388 (1993): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.11.

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AbstractA carbonatite dyke from the Sarnu-Dandali alkaline complex, Rajasthan, India, contains a remarkable suite of rare earth, strontium-rich minerals with spectacular primary textures.Sr, Mn-rich calcite in the outer 5 mm of the dyke contains exsolved lamellae of carbocernaite, (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2, orientated parallel to its twin and cleavage planes. The amount of exsolved carbocernaite increases away from the dyke margin as the Sr content of the calcite increases to a maximum 13 wt.%. Sr levels as high as this in calcite have previously been recorded only in experimental work. The carb
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45

Yamaji, Atsushi. "Generalized Hough transform for the stress inversion of calcite twin data." Journal of Structural Geology 80 (November 2015): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.08.001.

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46

Richards, R. Peter. "The Four Twin Laws of Calcite and How To Recognize Them." Rocks & Minerals 74, no. 5 (1999): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529909602559.

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47

Walkden, Gordon M., J. Roddy Irwin, and Anthony E. Fallick. "Carbonate spherules and botryoids as lake floor cements in the East Kirkton Limestone of West Lothian, Scotland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 84, no. 3-4 (1993): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006039.

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ABSTRACTThe East Kirkton Limestone is typically a carbonate/organic laminite characterised at many levels by abundant radial-fibrous calcite (RFC) spherules and by less common larger stromatolite-like accretions of laminated botryoidal RFC. The spherules are mostly c. 1 mm in diameter and have cyanophyte and chlorophyte inclusions. Some spherules enclose parallel bundles of complete cyanophyte fibres and probably grew within a living cyanophyte mat. The botryoidal accretions were commonly seeded upon wood and other exposed organic remains such as bone, and they completely enclose twigs and bra
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48

ROBERTS, DAVID, and KLAAS BOUKE ZWAAN. "Marble dykes emanating from marble layers in an amphibolite-facies, multiply-deformed carbonate succession, Troms, northern Norway." Geological Magazine 144, no. 5 (2007): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756807003810.

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In one of the higher nappes of the Caledonides of Troms, northern Norway, rare thin dykes of calcite marble lie subparallel to the axial surfaces of folds in multilayered marble beds. The dykes emanate from pure calcite marble layers mostly in or close to the hinge zones of these flat-lying, tight to sub-isoclinal, F3 folds. In many cases, they appear to penetrate along the axial surfaces of these same folds, and there is an up to 10° angular disparity between dyke orientation and axial surfaces. The dykes are considered to have originated, and been expelled, from parent calcite marble layers
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49

Laurent, Philippe. "Shear-sense determination on striated faults from e twin lamellae in calcite." Journal of Structural Geology 9, no. 5-6 (1987): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(87)90144-1.

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Burgin, Hugo B., Khalid Amrouch, Mojtaba Rajabi, David Kulikowski, and Simon P. Holford. "Determining paleo-structural environments through natural fracture and calcite twin analyses: a case study in the Otway Basin, Australia." APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17099.

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Abstract:
The structural history of the Otway Basin has been widely studied; however, previous works have focussed on large kilometre scale, basin and seismic structures, or have over-simplified natural fracture analysis with an excessive focus on fracture strike direction and a disregard for 3D geometry, a crucial characteristic when considering states of stress responsible for natural fracture formation. In this paper, we combine techniques of natural fracture analysis and calcite twin stress inversion to investigate the meso (outcrop and borehole) and micro (crystal) scale evidence for structural env
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