Journal articles on the topic 'Calamità naturali'
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Andreassi, Fabio. "Le trasformazioni delle città dopo le calamità naturali: il ruolo della solidarietà pubblica nell'iperdotazione insediativa." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 116 (March 2016): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2016-116002.
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Mancini, Elena. "Il programma di eliminazione della filariasi linfatica in Bangladesh: un modello esportabile? / The lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in Bangladesh: an exportable model?" Medicina e Morale 66, no. 4 (October 11, 2017): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.503.
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Nel 1971, al termine della sanguinosissima guerra di separazione dal Pakistan, il Bangladesh appariva un paese senza speranza. L’elevatissima crescita demografica -una delle maggiori al mondo- le calamità naturali quali alluvioni e tifoni, la povertà grave e diffusa - con una percentuale di popolazione sotto la soglia di povertà intorno al 30% - la situazione politica interna, con instabilità sociale e latenti conflitti etnici, rendevano il pronostico più che verosimile. A distanza di 40 anni, il BGD è riuscito a smentire in gran parte tale previsione, conseguendo successi nello sviluppo economico, nella salute pubblica e nella trasformazione sociale. Il controllo del tasso di fertilità, la lotta a “big killer” quali la TBC e la diarrea infantile, il miglioramento delle condizioni igieniche e la realizzazione di presidi sanitari territoriali di prima assistenza (community-clinic), efficaci campagne sanitarie, il contrasto di malattie endemiche, sono stati ottenuti grazie all’impiego coordinato delle misure sanitarie dei programmi internazionali. Risultati, questi, conseguiti attraverso una politica sanitaria basata su una proficua collaborazione tra il Ministero della salute nazionale (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), ONG, organismi sanitari internazionali, istituzioni e fondazioni internazionali. Il BGD ha così conseguito il traguardo della pressoché totale eliminazione delle malattie neglette endemiche nel paese (leishmaniosi viscerale, filariasi linfatica, dengue, lebbra, parassitosi intestinali – infezioni da elminti). L’articolo valuta i fattori che hanno caratterizzato il successo nel programma di eliminazione della filariasi linfatica. Dall’analisi di tali fattori è derivato un possibile modello di governance per la lotta alle malattie neglette in regioni endemiche comparabili sotto il profilo geo-politico. ---------- In 1971, at the end of the bloodstained separation war with Pakistan, Bangladesh appeared as a country without hope. The intense population growth – one of the highest in the world – natural disasters such as flooding and typhoons, acute and diffuse poverty – with a percentage of population below poverty line of 30% – the internal political scenario, with social instability and underlying ethnical conflicts – made this situation less likely to improve. 40 years later, Bangladesh succeeded in disproving such prevision, with a significant growth in economic development, public healthcare and social conditions. Birth control, countermeasures against “big killers” such as tuberculosis and diarrhea in babies, improvement of hygienic conditions and the implementation of local emergency units (community-clinic), effective sanitary campaigns and prevention of endemic diseases have been accomplished thanks to the coordinated use of sanitary measures in international programmes. Results obtained through a sanitary policy based on fruitful collaborations among the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, NGOs, international health organizations, international institutions and foundations. This way Bangladesh achieved the result of an almost total elimination of neglected endemic disease in the country (visceral leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, plague, intestinal parasitosys – helminth infections). The article analyses the factors contributing to the success of the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme. The study of such factors permitted to identify a governance model for fighting neglected diseases in endemic regions with similar geo-political environments.
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Pekov, Igor V., Oleg I. Siidra, Nikita V. Chukanov, Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Anna G. Turchkova, and Gerhard Möhn. "Calamaite, a new natural titanium sulfate from the Alcaparrosa mine, Calama, Antofagasta region, Chile." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2738.
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V, Sahana, Thanushree Gowda, and Vanishree S. "Statistical Analysis and Classification of Calamity Related Tweets." Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence & it's Applications 1, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/rtaia.2022.v01i03.003.
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Twitter and other social media platforms have emerged as popular channels for communication during emergencies. Social networks generate huge amounts of data due to the behaviour of their users. A wide range of topics is discussed on social networks, including politics, health issues, and natural disasters. Therefore, public data provides a wealth of information on many topics. Traditional methods of communication have been enhanced in many ways by the Internet. In disaster assessment, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are becoming increasingly popular. The use of micro blogging platforms such as Twitter during natural catastrophes and emergencies generates an increasing number of posts on these platforms. In this paper, we examine natural disasters, including avalanches, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, floods, volcanoes, and wildfires. We extract data from Twitter Network and classify them as disaster and non-disaster tweets as target and non-targets using SVM, Word2Vec, TFIDF, and BERT model.
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Jayaram, M. A., and Ravichandra Gidaballi. "Sentiment Analysis Using Twitter Data in the Context of Natural Calamity." International Journal of Applied Research on Information Technology and Computing 7, no. 3 (2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-8089.2016.00017.8.
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Buj Buj, Antonio. "Los desastres naturales y la geografía contemporánea." Estudios Geográficos 58, no. 229 (August 9, 2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.1997.i229.644.
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Los desastres naturales y la geografía contemporánea. La geografía contemporánea empezó a integrar los eventos calamitosos en sus reflexiones epistemológicas gracias a la geografía de las calamidades, cuyas primeras formulaciones aparecieron hacia 1920, de la mano de Raoul Montandon. La obra más importante de éste fue la revista Matériaux pour l'Etude des Calamités. La otra reflexión epistemológica importante sobre las calamidades naturales se desarrolló en Estados Unidos, gracias a la iniciativa de los alumnos de Gilbert F. White. En la década de los sesenta, L Burton, R.W. Kates y el mismo White, empezaron a plantear la llamada geografía de los riesgos. Esta empezó pronto a ser calificada de tecnocrática por la llamada geografía radical, como resultado de la aplicación del análisis marxista. La disciplina recuperaba así algunos de los presupuestos iniciales de la geografía de las calamidades; aquellos que ponían énfasis en el carácter social de las catástrofes naturales. Estos modelos de investigación, junto al trabajo en otras disciplinas, han ayudado a crear un marco de nuevas sensibilidades frente a las mismas.
[fr] Les désastres naturels et la géographie contemporaine. La géographie contemporaine a commencé à intégrer les faits calamiteux dans leurs réflexions épistémologiques à partir de la géographie des calamités dont les premières formulations son apparues vers 1920, de la main de Raoul Montandon. Une de ses oeuvres les plus importantes a été Matériaux pour l'Étude des Calamités. L'autre réflexion épistemologique importante sur les calamités naturelles s'est développée aux États-Unis à partir de l'iniciative des élèves de Gilbert F. White. Dans les années 60, L Burton, R.W. Kates et White commenceront à poser la géographie des risques. Celle-ci fut qualifiée rapidement de technocrate par la géographie radicale, résultat de l'application de l'analyse marxiste. La discipline récupérait ainsi quelques principes iniciaux de la géographie des calamités; par exemple ceux qui ponaient l'accent sur le caractère social des catastrophes naturelles. Ces modèles d'investigation et le travail efectué dans d'autres disciplines ont aidé à créer un marc de nouvelles sensibilités en relations aux mêmes.
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Liang, Ruobing. "Natural calamity and cultural formation: A study on Yellow River flooding region." China Economic Quarterly International 2, no. 1 (March 2022): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2022.01.001.
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V, Nikhra. "The Covid Calamity, the Human Life, and the Surviving Hope." Virology & Immunology Journal 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000275.
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Introduction - Ongoing Covid-19 Calamity: As a disease, COVID-19 is still in the pandemic phase because infections continue to increasingly occur world-wide and various population groups are still susceptible. It is likely that the SARS-CoV-2 will not be eradicated but become endemic and continue to circulate and cause infections in pockets of the global populations for years to come. It may evolve into more transmissible and virulent forms with novel mutations and variants, and associated factors may worsen the overall scenario with involvement of newer population groups and world regions. Mutations, Variants and Immune Escape: The unabated prevalence increases risk of mutations, as the virus has more chances to mutate. Further, in areas where the incidence rates are high, selection pressures favour the emergence of variants that evade neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, as population groups receive vaccination, immune pressure is conjectured to facilitate and speed up the emergence of such variants by selecting for escape mutants. In due course, these selected variants would replace previous versions of the virus propelling the pandemic or the endemic disease later on. Associated Uncertainties with SARS-CoV-2: There are various associated uncertainties with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it causes. Due to evolving genomic changes, the virus elicits erratic and labile immune response. Simultaneously, the host factors are highly variable and largely uncontrollable. Further, the control measures and available vaccines for COVID-19 may not reduce the prevalence of infections drastically for multiple reasons. These epidemiological drivers would lead to persistence of the virus and endemicity of the disease interspersed by periodic outbreaks and re-emergence. The Human Life during Covid-19 Pandemic: With COVID-19 becoming an endemic disease, the SARS-CoV-2 virus would be first encountered during childhood, typically causing mild manifestations or none. The population groups will develop some immunity through natural infection or vaccination and may not suffer with severe illness, except in those with comorbid conditions or immune-compromised states, and the disease course would depend on evolving variants, efficacy of vaccines, and nature of immunity to the virus. The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may remain a myth and with individual immunity being labile and waning after 6-8 months, booster doses of updated vaccine will be required at regular intervals. Future Scenario and Search for Solutions: To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus, various countries have implemented a wide range of control measures from time to time and likely to resort to, in future as well. There is need for genotyping and genomic sequencing capability for quick and effective utilization of epidemiological data. Simultaneously, the large deployment of COVID-19 vaccines under way needs a rapid and effective global effort. The next-generation vaccines may stimulate T cells effectively, apart from generating antibodies against the virus, and there is possibility of designing a universal coronavirus vaccine or pan-virus vaccine for immunisation against multiple variants and strains. On the therapeutic side, use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy may Improve the prognosis and clinical outcomes in COVID-19.
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Sekar, K., Lalit Giri, Aseesh Pandey, and S. Srivastava. "A Note on Distribution of Juniperus semiglobosa in Uttarakhand, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-0xy6ms.
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Distribution of Juniperus semiglobosa in India have been examined through literature, available herbarium specimens and with field observations. The density of individuals are found in decreasing trend in India due to fuel wood extraction coupled with natural calamity in high altitude regions, especially in Trans Himalaya. Available population status, brief description, field observations and photographs are provided in the communication, for conservation of Juniperus in natural habitats.
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M, Selvaganapathy, N. Nishavithri, P. Prabakaran, and G. Manikannan. "MANET Based Emergency Communication System Design During Disaster and Post Disaster." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17411ecst.
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In the event of a natural disaster most of the communication networks become unavailable either because of damages sustained to the infrastructure such as antennas and other communication devices or because of power failure. During these times, communication plays a vital role in keeping the people informed about post disaster effects in the affected areas. There are two aspects in this circumstance. One is to immediately locate the affected persons and provide emergency assistance. The other is to offer calamity release during and after the disaster. The conventional method of establishing communication is usually done by establishing emergency command center and hosting the entire essential telecommunication infrastructure to provide communication between members of the search and recovery teams. This type of solution is expensive, tough to maintain, and the level of reliability is low. Because of these reasons the efficiency of the system is less. For improving the effectiveness of the communication during the times of natural calamity is to implement a communication system that does not rely on infrastructure based equipments. The proposed system makes use of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) based communication. The proposed system also incorporates Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite based location detection system that could be used to pinpoint a particular person who is in distress. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are essential for effective preparedness, communication, and training tool for calamity management.
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Hong, Seung Tae. "The Theory of a Natural Calamity and Political Strife in North Song Dynasty." CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches) 108 (June 30, 2017): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24161/chr.108.107.
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Delante, Nimrod L. "Surviving a natural disaster as a semiotic reformation of the self and worldview." Semiotica 2021, no. 243 (October 22, 2021): 353–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0130.
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Abstract Theoretically, this study is framed within the semiotic tradition of communication theory, which theorizes communication as the intersubjective mediation by signs. Methodologically, this study is guided by Peirce’s semiotic ideas, especially his writing about the commens and commind, or the sign and the object, and the power of a community (constitutive of the self as researcher and the self as one with participants) as the final interpretant performing the process of sensemaking. Results showed how the survivors of a natural calamity symbolically interacted with such calamity, and how this led to a reformation of the way they view themselves and the world. The survivors’ symbolic images captured in narratives, in sketches and drawings, and in poetry helped them to reframe their sense of self and their worldview by believing in common sense and intuition, and by valuing the power of courage, initiative, preparedness, hope, and resilience. An unfortunate irony emerged in their symbolic interaction with the disaster such that their sinning and self-inflicted blame made them think they were worthy of punishment. Nonetheless, this unfortunate irony will change if the survivors continue to reflect on their civic roles, interrogate their environmental and political contexts, and expand their awareness and social consciousness. As these unfold, the survivors will be able to accomplish empowerment, emancipation, and an independent mind.
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Daroini, Mustajib, and Tutik Hamidah. "Musibah dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an (Pendekatan Tafsir Maudu’i)." JOURNAL OF QUR'AN AND HADITH STUDIES 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/quhas.v10i2.19829.
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This article discusses the theme about calamity because it has many terminologies that indicate the meaning of disaster; such as the words Balā', slander, Ażāb, Ba's, Rijz and Ḍarrā'. The word calamity generally returns to the natural causes that make it possible. The division is divided into two parts, the first what can be considered as sunnatullah Almighty in the universe, the second, second, is what is considered human error. The form of calamity can be classified into two main groups, namely good (positive) and bad (negative) calamities. In general, there are two types of disaster objects, first for world renewal and the second for improving human performance. As for the benefits of this disaster, it is to elevate humanity, eliminate degeneration, and instill sincerity in the hearts of the seasoned people and teach them to be serious in Islamic preaching so that they reach the highest level of heaven, and when the disaster is good (positive) descending humans must show praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, and when the disaster is bad (Negative), humans should know that it is actually a test (relaxation) from Allah SWT and accept it with patience and submission, Allah ‘Azzā Wajallā will honor those who are patient with brilliant glory in love, compassion and Hidayah.
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Mamta, Joshi, Pandey N. N., and Bisht H. C. S. "Impact of Heavy Rain and Flood on Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Distribution Pattern in River Network of Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand State, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.005.
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In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the ichthyofaunal diversity in the rivers and streams of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand state with main focus on impact of natural calamity such as heavy rain and flood. The estimated total length of major river network in Kumaon region is 1626.2 km including streams, tributaries and rivulets, which support occurrence of 31 fish species. The data of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) indicated decrease in main river courses, but richness in their tributaries after flood. In main river courses, the CPUE was decreased as 0.03 kg/h to 0.32 kg/h from 0.12 kg/h to 1.28 kg/h due to heavy rain and flood condition during the month of September, 2021, while it was increased in side tributaries of these rivers as 1.84 kg/h to 3.12 kg/h from 1.14 kg/h to 2.30 kg/h after the flood. Tributaries are shelters and protected areas to the local migratory fish species during natural calamity and high turbidity in the main river course. These resources are important for ichthyofaunal diversity and sustainability of aquatic ecosystem.
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Solanki, Harsha, Vinay Sagar Verma, Mukesh Sharma, Ajay Singh, Garima Sharma, Manisha Majumdar, Sujata Gupta, et al. "Natural humectants in formulation of calamine lotion: Its evaluation and comparison." Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences 7, no. 2 (2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5844.2016.00007.8.
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Taha, Yassine, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Rachid Hakkou, and Mohammed Mansori. "Natural clay substitution by calamine processing wastes to manufacture fired bricks." Journal of Cleaner Production 135 (November 2016): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.200.
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Et. al., Engr Jose Marie B. Dipay. "Artificial Intelligence Snake Robot (AISR)." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2175.
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This study was conducted to design, develop and initially implement the Artificial Intelligence Snake Robot (AISR). Specifically, it identified the problems encountered in conducting manual rescuing people from natural calamity; the appropriate features of the tool that can be developed to address the problems encountered, and the respondents’ level of acceptance of the user toward the developed tool in terms of performance, portability, operability, and efficacy. The research used the qualitative-quantitative research method that utilized a researcher-made questionnaire and interview questions. The respondents of the study were fifty (50) Life Rescuers, 25 (25) Red Cross Staff and 25 (25) Random People from different places. The problems encountered in manual rescuing people from natural calamity; hard time finding people lost during disaster, lack of new technologies and equipment, lack of K-9 dogs and burden of working on disaster area. The appropriate features of the tool that can be developed to address the problems encountered were: sensors can make the process of rescuing people faster and easier. The respondents’ ratings for Artificial Intelligence Snake Robot (AISR) were extremely receivable in terms of performance (4.60); portability (4.54); operability (4.51); and efficacy (4.56). The government or other authorities will orient the proper use of the propose robot to avoid having a problem in rescuing people.
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K, Salini. "Lightning Risk: An Under-Valued Disaster?" IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n2.p10.
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<div><p><em>Lightning is a very common natural phenomenon which primarily solicits little attention. In this climate – allied innate localized activity, high electric charges are generated which cause disastrous outcomes, both physically and economically. Many lives are burnt and severe losses are suffered due to this natural disaster. But, it is often doubted that the deaths and economic losses due to lightening are under reported. Many reasons are cited as difficult in getting authentic figures, inadequacy of the government rules in the reporting areas etc. Disaster relief is also outside the sphere of such calamity. Comparison between the loss figures due to lightning with other disaster loss figures also reveals that the former ranks higher than the latter. Still, many of the lightning disasters are not properly accounted and recompensed by National Calamity and Relief Fund or any other such Relief Funds. The article is an attempt to see the depth of such an issue and major challenges faced by the victims to get the compensation from the authorities. Also, suggestions are sought to arrive at a satisfying solution to such an unnoticed problem.</em></p></div>
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I, Senthamarai. "From an anthropological point of view, the ritual and faith shown by the Purananuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (June 16, 2021): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s124.
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Human life is a circular ritual of birth, flower and death associated with the flow of time. The rituals of Tamils depend on socio-economic, religious, political and artistic platforms. Rituals vary by presenting the time, place, environment, need and purpose of which they are performed. Man performed rituals to protect himself from a natural calamity. This article seeks to explain the rituals from birth to death of man on the basis of cultural anthropology.
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Collymore, Jeremy. "Natural Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean: Coping with Calamity , by June Carolyn Erlick." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 96, no. 3-4 (September 22, 2022): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09603020.
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Al-Fazari, Saeed, and Narimah Kasim. "STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT IN MITIGATING DISASTER PREVALANCE FOR EFFECTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT." Journal of Surveying, Construction & Property 11, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jscp.sp2020no1.8.
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A literature search showed that studies on the categorization and roles of stakeholders engaged in disaster management are still in dearth. This could not be unrelated to the global trend of natural and man-made disasters. The objective of this research is therefore to examine the role played by stakeholders in combating the incidence of disasters in our modern culture. An audit of suitable writing is the method utilized to collect fitting data. The investigation found diverse strategies of categorizing calamity administration partners in past investigate. This investigates, after investigating current writing, distinguished critical partners, counting but not limited to government and its parastatals, NGOs, benefactors, the private segment, media, the scholarly world, territorial collaboration, community / citizen and the prompt environment. Based on the concept of partners, the acceptance that much might be fulfilled within the locale of calamity administration in case all partners are completely recognized, well-coordinated and regarded. In conclusion, this inquires about offers supportive information on the part of partners in relieving the rate of catastrophes to ensure productive administration of fiascos.
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Silva Junior, Rosiberto Salustiano, Michel Carlos Costa Gama, Ewerton Hallan de Lima Silva, Glauber Lopes Mariano, José Francisco Oliveira Junior, Luan Santos de Oliveira Silva, and Kelvy Rosalvo Alencar Cardoso. "Avaliação de eventos extremos de precipitação, associados a desastres naturais." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 6 (2022): 2755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.6.p2755-2767.
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The present study mainly aimed to make a statistical survey of extreme precipitation events for the eastern region of the Brazilian Northeast, more specifically for the city of Maceió/AL. For this purpose, punctual data from INMET Automatic Meteorological Stations were used, and spatial data using satellite images and hydro-estimator data provided by CPTEC/INPE. The main results were based on daily precipitation data and quantile technique, it generated the following R(mm) classes: Dry Day R < 2.4mm, Drizzle Rain 2.4 ≤ R < 3, 8mm, Showers 3.8 ≤ R < 7.6mm, Moderate Rain 7.6 ≤ R < 14.4mm, Heavy Rain 14.4 ≤ R < 39.8mm, Strong Rain 39.8 ≤ R < 82.8mm, Extreme Rain R ≥ 82.8mm. The method adopted for classifying extreme rainfall (Strong more Extreme) using quartiles proved to be efficient, made by the association between extreme precipitation events and natural disasters using the records of the State of Public Calamity (SPC) degree, that is, the indicators recognition of SPC and annual accumulated average precipitation, point to the possibility of occurrence of hydrometeorological disasters for the city of Maceió/AL. Regarding the spatial distribution of the number of cases of Strong and Extreme, for Alagoas the municipalities with the most recorded occurrences were Japaratinga, Porto de Pedras, Maceió, among others. For the city of Maceió/AL, the region R5 (Ipioca and Pescaria) and R2 were the ones that presented the most cases of rainfall ranging from very strong to extreme.
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Yu, Hang, and Shi An. "Emergency Management and Planning Framework of Transportation Evacuation for Urban Flood Calamity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2345.
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Flood is a common natural disaster and has happened frequently in decade years with a huge number of fatalities and property damages. These hazards typically necessitate the evacuation of local or regional populations to safe destinations or shelters and require a cooperation and interdependent relationship of several departments and organizations. This paper proposes that an urban evacuation management system framework for a deluge catastrophe can be modeled through the relationships between five components of interest: 1) evacuation road-network service capability; 2) human risk-attitude; 3) public or private decision; 4) weather and flood disaster monitoring; 5) inter-transit between city systems. We extract data from the strategies and propose a framework for residential evacuation management. This framework model is set up to help the local government quickly model the situation of the whole evacuation procedures and progresses to choose an optimum alternative from all the solutions and by identifying potential bottlenecks on traffic evacuation network and allocating resources reasonably to evacuate residents more safely and economically.
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Zhang, Zhidi, and Jianqing Ruan. "Do Long-Run Disasters Promote Human Capital in China? —The Impact of 500 Years of Natural Disasters on County-Level Human-Capital Accumulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 7422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207422.
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Is there a relationship between the frequency of regional natural disasters and long-term human-capital accumulation? This article investigates the long-run causality between natural calamities and human-capital accumulation with macro and micro data. Empirical cross-county analysis demonstrates that higher frequencies of natural calamities are correlated with higher rates of human-capital accumulation. Specifically, on the basis of empirical data of the fifth census in 2000 and China’s Labor-Force Dynamics Survey in 2012, this paper exploits the two databases to infer that the high disaster frequency in the years of 1500–2000 was likely to increase regional human-capital accumulation on district level. High natural-calamity frequency reduces the expected rate of returning to physical capital, which also serves to increase human-capital. Thus, experiencing with natural disasters would influence human’s preference to human-capital investment instead of physical capital.
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Seal, Manisha, Shwetasaibal Samanta Sahoo, Giridhari Mohanta, and Balaji B. "Puri-Konark Tourist Circuit of Odisha: Coastal Tourism Hotspots, Calamities, and Resurgence." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 3923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.3923ecst.
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Natural hazards take place periodically every year in the sub-continent India, devastating the life of several residents placed around eastern and western coastal areas. The tourism phenomenon is not immune to natural disasters. Due to the intrinsic scenery many tourism developments are often located in regions that are exposed to natural disasters, in particular beach and coastal areas promoting coastal tourism. Tourists travel to a destination only for a short time period and may not be aware of such local hazards and finally they may become the victims of such natural disasters which results in creating a negative impact on the image of the destination that can be both serious and long-lasting. The study focuses on Puri and Konark, two most preferred tourist destinations in Odisha, prone to natural calamity called cyclonic storms. The research paper may contribute a valuable insight and guidelines for policy makers and other stakeholders concerned to restore and reduce the hazards of natural disaster in the Puri-Konark tourist.
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de Oliveira, Victor Hugo. "Natural disasters and economic growth in Northeast Brazil: evidence from municipal economies of the Ceará State." Environment and Development Economics 24, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x18000517.
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AbstractBased on an unexplored data set on disasters in Brazil, the current study shows that the direct damage of natural disasters reduces the GDP growth rate of municipal economies in Ceará state, Northeast Brazil. The agriculture and service sectors are the most affected economic sectors, while the industrial sector remains unaffected by environmental shocks. Economic growth is particularly responsive to the occurrence of large natural disasters that lead municipalities to declare a state of emergency or public calamity. Regarding public policies, water supply infrastructure increases the resilience of the output growth of services to droughts, whereas disaster microinsurance helps to mitigate the effects of droughts and floods on the economic growth of agriculture in a Brazilian state where family farming is predominant and highly vulnerable to natural disasters.
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Denton, Jonathan S., and Trevor J. C. Beebee. "An evaluation of methods for studying natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) outside the breeding season." Amphibia-Reptilia 13, no. 4 (1992): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853892x00067.
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AbstractWe have investigated methods for finding natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) outside the breeding season at a range of sites in England. Success in locating toads in burrows or in other natural refugia was very variable between sites, depending on the nature of the substrate and availability of accessible alternative hiding places. Provision of artificial refugia (flat tiles) was also variable in success rate depending on local conditions, and even at the best site, tile use was highly seasonal with maxima in spring and autumn. Night searching was the most successful method for finding toads, readily applicable to all sites and facilitating contact with around 10% of the population in a single night, especially when weather conditions were optimal (i.e. after rain and with air temperatures above 9° C).
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Nahak, Fakira Mohan. "Role of media in disaster preparedness: some case studies from calamity prone Odisha." E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133104010.
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Odisha is a natural disaster prone state. Its geographical location contributes a lot for the disasters. The eastern Indian state has a 480 Kilometre long coastline. The Bay of Bengal which is the house of cyclonic storms is the major contributor for the calamities in the state. From time immemorial till today Odisha has been facing hundreds of calamities in the form of cyclones, floods and famines. It is a regular phenomenon that in the period of September to December every year Odisha faces varieties of cyclones. These affect human life, properties and agriculture to the maximum extent. After the super cyclone of 1999 the government became sensitive so also the media. In these two decades Odisha media has played a vital role in creating awareness about the disasters and helped people in displacement and rehabilitation. In recent pasts media helped the Government in reaching the “Zero Casualty” target. The role of media not only limited to this, even post-disasters it followed the condition of people and their lives. The researcher takes some case studies of different disasters and their handling by media. Also tries to find out the people’s perception about media in disaster preparedness and management.
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Huppert, Herbert E., and R. Stephen J. Sparks. "Extreme natural hazards: population growth, globalization and environmental change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1845 (June 29, 2006): 1875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1803.
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Mankind is becoming ever more susceptible to natural disasters, largely as a consequence of population growth and globalization. It is likely that in the future, we will experience several disasters per year that kill more than 10 000 people. A calamity with a million casualties is just a matter of time. This situation is mainly a consequence of increased vulnerability. Climate change may also be affecting the frequency of extreme weather events as well as the vulnerability of coastal areas due to sea-level rise. Disastrous outcomes can only increase unless better ways are found to mitigate the effects through improved forecasting and warning, together with more community preparedness and resilience. There are particular difficulties with extreme events, which can affect several countries, while the largest events can have global consequences. The hazards of supervolcanic eruptions and asteroid impacts could cause global disaster with threats to civilization and deaths of billions of people. Although these are very rare events, they will happen and require consideration. More frequent and smaller events in the wrong place at the wrong time could have very large human, environmental and economic effects. A sustained effort is needed to identify places at risk and take steps to apply science before the events occur.
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SENGUPTA, S. "Localized floods in Rajasthan owing to exceedingly heavy rains: Case study of small scale accentuations in the summer monsoon field associated with intense upper anticyclonic shear zones." MAUSAM 37, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v37i3.2466.
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Most of Rajasthan, being an area of less annual rainfall, soil and topography adhered to the condition, sudden, rapid and exceedingly heavy rains for even a day or two, in a localized area can cause severe floods with natural calamity of very high order: Study of some of these situations in the Indian summer monsoon field reveals, that, fractional superimposition and therefore fractional accentuation of pre-existing lower troposphere cyclonic vortices by upper anticyclonic shear zones formed out of propagation and amplification of an upper westerly and an easterly wave, in close proximity is actually responsible for such exceeding heavy falls in meso or small areas.
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Reques, Ricardo, and Miguel Tejedo. "Negative Correlation between Length of Larval Period and Metamorphic Size in Natural Populations of Natterjack Toads (Bufo calamita)." Journal of Herpetology 29, no. 2 (June 1995): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564576.
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Yaqub, Sobia, Zahid Jamil, Numrah Bilal Butt, Amjad Zafar, Faiza Rehman Lodhi, and Muhammad Abbas Khokhar. "Knowledge and Attitude of Cancer Patients Towards COVID-19 Pandemic." esculapio 17, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51273/esc21.251715.
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Objectives: This study is done to determine knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted at Oncology Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore during August-October 2020. A questionnaire was used to determine knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Data was analyzed using Spss version.23. Descriptive variables like gender, marital status, residence and disease characteristics were reported as means and frequencies. Intergroup analysis was done using Chi square test with p<0.05 taken as significant. Results: Of 269 enrolled patients, majority had advanced/metastatic disease (82.4%) and were being treated on outdoor basis (71.6%). Almost all (99.6%) were aware of COVID, electronic/print media being commonest source of information (62.7%). Though having different views, 81.5% considered it a natural calamity. During first wave,22.4% had delayed their investigations while 34.7% faced treatment interruptions with average duration of delay being 55±27 days. Traveling difficulties due to lock down was common reason of delay (54.8%). During this period 62.4% either noted worsening of symptoms or new symptoms. Despite all chaos, 89.9% selected for treatment continuation if provided with a chance and appropriate facilities. Correlation of delay in therapy with high level of education (p=0.013) and perception about COVID-19 a natural calamity (p=0.041) was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients' perspective is important and should be taken into account in special circumstances like COVID. It will help in future in making efficient management planning of disease during unusual situations. Key Words: COVID-19, cancer patients, Knowledge How to cite: Yaqub S., Jamil Z., Butt. B.N., Zafar A., Lodhi R.F., Khokhar A.M. Knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Esculapio 2021;17(01):26-29
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Knaub, R. V., and A. V. Ignateva. "The General Mechanism of the Origin of Natural Disasters in the Global Dimension." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022068.
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Abstract The article presents a possible mechanism for the occurrence of natural disasters on a global scale based on the view of the Earth as an evolving electromagnetic self-oscillating system. The possible future of natural disasters in the global dimension is presented. It has been established that for the period from 1900 to 2020 there was a gradual, and at certain time intervals and a sharp increase in the number of catastrophes on our planet. At the same time, there was an increase in the number of victims of these disasters, the number of victims and material damage. The article emphasizes that catastrophes for our planet are a natural course of development for it as for an evolving electromagnetic self-oscillating system. For this reason, all natural disasters on our planet must be adequately accepted and understood that only for humans they are catastrophes, and in the event of human losses and economic damage, they pass into the stage of emergency situations. The article also shows a close connection between natural disasters and the rhythms of the Sun and solar activity. «The frantic desire for life thrives in the heart of every great calamity» Albert Camus
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Kore, Ganesh. "Use of Solar Panel in Design of Footpath." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37762.
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Abstract: Solar footpath is a series of solar panel interlink to each other The outer layer of solar panel is covered with mild steel(MS). The tempered glass is attached to mild steel fabrication. Glass is tempered is such a way that it can bear up to 1 ton of load, various test are taken on glass like 1) ball drop test, 2) fragmentation test 3) light transmission test. Lithium battery is used to store the energy produce form the solar panel. The plus point of this design is that even if few panels get damage due to natural calamity other panel will still continue producing energy. Keywords: Photovoltaic cell, Tempered glass, Solar footpath
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Bernard, Jean-Louis. "Dupont de Nemours et le Comité d’administration de l’agriculture (1785- 1787) / Dupont de Nemours and the Committee for the administration of agriculture (1785-1787)." Notes Académiques de l'Académie d'agriculture de France / Academic Notes of the French Academy of Agriculture 6 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58630/pubac.not.a28000.
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The Agriculture Administration Committee was born in response to a natural calamity: the drought of the spring 1785. On the initiative of Gravier de Vergennes, a committee originally formed of Tillet, Lavoisier, Dupont, D’Arcet and Poissonnier had been created to select palliative measures to be implemented by the services of Calonne, Controller General of Finance for the King Louis XVI. However, its proposals soon exceeded the initial objective, highlighting the obstacles to the progress of agriculture, vital for the nation's economy. Dupont has emerged as one of the most active members of this committee. A final report, given in 1787, described the foundation of the reforms that the French Revolution will implement.
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Nurislaminingsih, Rizki, Arido Laksono, and Eka Purna Yudha. "SUNDANESE INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN SINDANG BARANG CULTURAL VILLAGE – BOGOR." International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) 6, no. 1 (October 21, 2022): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v6i1.4758.
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The Sindang Barang Cultural Village was formed by the descendants of customary holders who live in Bogor to revitalize Sundanese culture. This is useful for preserving customs so that people can continue to live the Sundanese way (using indigenous knowledge and sticking to local wisdom) even though they live in the modern era. This study aims to identify the Sundanese indigenous knowledge possessed by them. This study uses a qualitative thematic analysis approach to identify it. The results of this study indicate that the themes of indigenous knowledge owned by the society are village landscape, agriculture, natural signs, health, and batik. The village landscape has sub-themes landscape of land and building position. The sub-themes of agriculture are the type of paddy, fertilizer, planting time, magic guard, and granary. Natural signs have the sub-themes of changing days and signs of calamity and disaster. The sub-theme of health is herbs. Batik has a sub-theme of motifs and natural dyes. This study found that some of the indigenous knowledge about herbs and batik had been lost from the people's memory.
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Agarwal, Raveesh. "Lesson Learned from Killer Floods in Kerala: Time for Retrospection." Management and Economics Research Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2018.04.735013.
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We know that the climate of the earth has undergone drastic change over periods of time. Natural factors and anthropogenic factors both contributed to climate change. Kerala is one of the most famous tourist destinations in India. The state saw one of its worst monsoon disasters in August 2018. There is huge loss and displacement of more than a million of people due to unusually high and persistent monsoon rains in Kerala. The objectives of this paper are to find out the reasons of disaster in Kerala and lessons learned from it. Some people believe that Kerala’s disaster is man made, while others say that it is a natural calamity. Whatever it may be, we have to identify the reasons for the same. Due to climate change and natural disasters, the impact on water, air, agriculture, infrastructure, health, education, bio-diversity, forests, and socioeconomic sectors is bound to increase. Nobody can stop the natural disasters, but we can take certain steps to lower the intensity. It is very much important to understand the lessons so that the effect of such type of events is minimized.
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Newell, Catherine. "“A Fourfold Vision: Nature Religion and the Wages of Scientism in Ursula K. Le Guin’s ‘Newton’s Sleep’”." Religions 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9090279.
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Ursula K. Le Guin’s 1991 short story ‘Newton’s Sleep’ begins in a utopic society that escaped the environmental and social calamity of a near-future Earth and created an enlightened culture on a space station. The group, led by a scientific elite, pride themselves on eradicating the irrational prejudices and unempirical mentality that hamstringed Earth; but chaos blossoms as the society struggles with the reappearance of religious intolerance, and becomes confused by an outbreak of mass hallucinations of the Earth they left behind. This narrative trope of the necessity of nature for the survival of humanity—physically, mentally, and spiritually—represents a new and relatively common allegory in contemporary science fiction in an era distinguished by separation from the natural world.
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TROTTER, GRIFFIN. "Of Terrorism and Healthcare: Jolting the Old Habits." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 11, no. 4 (August 30, 2002): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180102114150.
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Old habits die slowly. Hence there is little surprise that attorneys fashioning the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act preserved much of their own standard operating procedure. This model statute was designed for the worst of times—for horrific scenarios in which terrorism, infectious disease, or natural calamity threaten to derail the machinery of civilization while snuffing out thousands or even millions of human lives. Such grave threats seem to justify grave measures aimed at restoring order and maximizing survival. So, the model statute bestows sweeping power on state governors and public health officials, allowing them to seize private property, obtain clinical services through impressment, and enact quarantine and isolation measures without the usual due process. Yet amid all these drastic measures, certain standards persist.
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PANDA, SANTANU. "Evil, Corruption, Manipulation and Abuse of Power in Shakespeare’s Macbeth." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 5, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v5i8.2274.
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Abstract: The chief objective of this paper is to find out the features of Evil, Corruption, Manipulation and Abuse of power in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Shakespeare is the leading and prominent dramatist of Elizabethan era. He is often regarded as England’s ‘national poet’ and the ‘Bard of Avon’. The full title of Macbeth is ‘the Tragedy of Macbeth’. This is a tragedy where hellhound becomes a hero. Shakespeare presents the psychological battle in Macbeth through soliloquy and aside. As a result Macbeth’s physical action are distinct from his mental actions. The source of Macbeth is Holinshed’s Chronicles. Shakespeare modified many facts of stories from the purpose of tragic effect. The play opens with the witches. The witches belong to natural calamity symbolically they are associated with the calamity in human nature. The witches implicitly mention two battles. They know that Macbeth will open the physical battle. But they also know that they will defeat Macbeth in physical battle. The witches are single in their purpose. They want to meet Macbeth to united strength of the evil sets as a contrast to the rebellion against Duncan. Macbeth killed Duncan to acquire the crown. To collect it he uses the tricks of corruption and Manipulation. He also misuses the power to maintain his kingdom. He killed Banquo and Macduff’s innocent wife and child. But he forgot that the crown for which he and his wife killed Duncan and several on and bring a tempest on their life it will be the cause of their destruction.
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Zamora-Camacho, Francisco Javier, and Mar Comas. "Greater reproductive investment, but shorter lifespan, in agrosystem than in natural-habitat toads." PeerJ 5 (September 12, 2017): e3791. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3791.
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Global amphibian decline is due to several factors: habitat loss, anthropization, pollution, emerging diseases, and global warming. Amphibians, with complex life cycles, are particularly susceptible to habitat alterations, and their survival may be impaired in anthropized habitats. Increased mortality is a well-known consequence of anthropization. Life-history theory predicts higher reproductive investment when mortality is increased. In this work, we compared age, body size, and different indicators of reproductive investment, as well as prey availability, in natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita) from agrosystems and adjacent natural pine groves in Southwestern Spain. Mean age was lower in agrosystems than in pine groves, possibly as a consequence of increased mortality due to agrosystem environmental stressors. Remarkably, agrosystem toads were larger despite being younger, suggesting accelerated growth rate. Although we detected no differences in prey availability between habitats, artificial irrigation could shorten aestivation in agrosystems, thus increasing energy trade. Moreover, agrosystem toads exhibited increased indicators of reproductive investment. In the light of life-history theory, agrosystem toads might compensate for lesser reproductive events—due to shorter lives—with a higher reproductive investment in each attempt. Our results show that agrosystems may alter demography, which may have complex consequences on both individual fitness and population stability.
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Guo, Honglian, Yunxian Hou, Baohong Yang, Hongping Du, and Weiqun Xiao. "Natural disaster forecast on the base of townships collaborative emergency." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 5, no. 3 (November 2, 2015): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-06-2015-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to upgrade the collaborative emergency ability of government in the tier of towns, realizing emergency resource share, emergency cost reduction and emergency efficiency improving. This paper mainly aims to solve the problem of forecasting the natural disaster happening year of every township collaborative region in Fangshan District. Design/methodology/approach – First, classify the townships into five collaborative regions through grey clustering. Second, set up a grey disaster forecast model for the whole Fangshan District according the annals of disaster from 1985 to 2012, and forecast the disaster grade. Third, build a grey disaster forecast model for the collaborative regions after constructing the buffer operators of catastrophic sequence according the annals of disaster from 1949 to 2012. Findings – The authors forecasted the happening year and flood grade of future disaster for the whole Fangshan District. The accurate degrees of both flood and drought year model are greater than 90 per cent. The accurate degree of insects calamity year is a little low, but the relative errors are all lower than 3 per cent in recent continuous three times, so in the whole, it can be used. For the collaborative regions, the authors forecasted the future disaster years of them. The accuracy rate of every model is greater than 90 per cent. The result shows that the forecast errors are acceptable. Research limitations/implications – In the models, for the purpose of good accuracy, the authors used different initial data. For example, in the forecast model for whole Fangshan District disaster year, the authors used the data from 1985 to 2012, while in the forecast model for the disaster grade of it, the authors used the data from 1949 to 2012. In the disaster year forecast model for collaborative region, the authors also used the data from 1949 to 2012. If the authors can find a model that has high accuracy rate by using all the date information, it will be better. Practical implications – Township is the most basic level of government organization in China, researching on collaborative emergency in township will do help to take targeted precautions measures against calamity according to the characteristic there. At the same time realizing emergency cost reduction and emergency efficiency improving based on the advantages of emergency resource share, short rescue distance, little effects of communication destruction. Social implications – Because of the stochastic occurring of disasters, it is very important to forecast the happening time of disasters accurately. This paper forecasted the natural disaster happening time of Fangshan District through grey catastrophic model, aimed at giving decision support to related department and strengthen the disaster prevention power targetedly. Originality/value – It is well known that the greater the system, the steadier it is, and the easier to forecast it. Fangshan District, Beijing, is a medium-sized and small system in regional research, while townships are small systems. It is rarely a big challenge for the authors to forecast the disaster years in Fangshan and its collaborative townships. In this paper, the authors used grey system model and Markov transfer matrix in forecasting the disaster years and the disaster grade of flood in Fangshan District. All of them are new trying to using grey system theory in disaster forecast for Fangshan District, Beijing.
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Bhatia, Mandip Singh, Ritu Attri, Neeraj Singla, and Saurabh C. Sharda. "Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Era – A Natural Calamity or Man-Made Disaster? Current Evidence and Review of the Literature." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jim-2022-0008.
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Abstract Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by a fungus of the order Mucorales, most commonly involving the nasal sinuses, orbits, brain, lungs, and skin. The disease affects mostly immunosuppressed individuals and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. The prevalence of mucormycosis is 80 times higher (0.14 per 1000) in India compared to developed countries. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a sudden surge in the number of mucormycosis cases, especially on the Indian subcontinent. This can be attributed to what we consider to be the perfect iatrogenic recipe: a combination between the immunosuppression caused by COVID-19, the large prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes and the simultaneous use of corticosteroids. Other factors include the excessive use of antibiotics, antifungal drugs and zinc supplements, invasive ventilation, poor hygiene and sanitization as well as the use of industrial oxygen in hospitals. As a result, an overwhelmingly large number of COVID-19 patients have developed mucormycosis during the pandemic. A review of the literature suggests that all efforts should be made to keep tight control of glycemia in COVID-19 patients along with judicious use of corticosteroids. The treatment of mucormycosis involves a combination of medical and surgical therapy, with the early initiation of antifungal drugs and aggressive surgical debridement of the affected tissues.
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Buckley, Eve Elizabeth. "Drought in the sertão as a natural or social phenomenon: establishing the Inspetoria Federal de Obras Contra as Secas, 1909-1923." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 5, no. 2 (August 2010): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222010000200011.
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This paper examines interpretations of the drought problem in Brazil's northeast sertão during the First Republic. It compares analysis of drought as primarily a natural or climatic phenomenon - embraced by civil engineers working for the Inspetoria [Federal] de Obras Contra as Secas (IFOCS) - with analyses emphasizing social and political conditions that made drought a crisis for the sertanejo poor. The latter are evident in the report of doctors Belisário Penna and Artur Neiva describing their expedition through the sertão sponsored by IFOCS in 1912. This comparison allows for consideration of the intersection between natural (geographic, climatic) and social (political, cultural) factors that produced the region's periodic crisis. The analysis is informed by the work of social scientists who highlight the multi-dimensional causes underlying natural disasters in politically marginal communities. Technocrats' faith in the context-independent utility of their expertise lay at the heart of IFOCS's ultimate failure to rescue sertanejos from famine, migration and poverty. Because the drought agency's technical personnel never had the political will or muscle to confront the social organization underlying the sertão's recurrent calamity, their ability to alleviate the human suffering that droughts precipitated was severely limited.
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Gupta, Ganesh, Vivek Jaglan, and Ashok K Raghav. "Safety based Virtual Positioning System for Ad-Hoc Wireless Network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.17631.
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In the age of smart computing and advance global positioning system, it has been observed that day by day natural calamity affects our resources differently in regular way. One of the most important tasks is to deploy ability for rescue inside infrastructure-less network in more accident prone area. The security could be obtained through either automatic monitoring system or manually monitoring system by enabling several electronic means and sensors. Virtual positioning system is one of the most relevant computational areas where one can restrict unauthorized access while monitoring each one of single event more precisely. This paper tries to add more security feature for a given Ad-Hoc wireless network area by utilizing SVPS (Secure Virtual Positioning System). In addition to it our proposed SVBS will be more effective security system to avoid hazards.
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Toth, Daniel, Mansoor Maitah, Kamil Maitah, and Veronika Jarolínová. "The Impacts of Calamity Logging on the Development of Spruce Wood Prices in Czech Forestry." Forests 11, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030283.
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Currently, the decline in spruce wood prices is a serious problem for the forestry sector in the Czech Republic. We estimate that the fall in wood prices in European markets causes losses not only to the forestry companies producing, harvesting, and processing the wood, but also to the workers in the sector. These losses are mainly caused by a combination of several natural factors: drought, climate change, and the effects of bark beetles. In particular, spruce bark beetles cause the greatest damage. Due to this bark beetle calamity, unplanned logging has increased. In 2019, these damages have culminated. Almost 100 million m3 of wood has been harvested over the last decade due to the bark beetle and more than half of this volume has been mined in the last four years. Therefore, the losses in the forestry sector are around EUR 1.12 billion. The aim of this study is an analysis of the relationship between the volume of incidental logging and the decline in the price of spruce wood. These results show the strong correlation between the measure of unplanned wood harvesting and the decrease in wood prices, as well as an estimate of price development if the upward trend of incidental mining continues. The average price of wood in the Czech Republic could thus reach a historical minimum of EUR 79.39 per m3 of spruce and category SM/JE II (spruce/fir). In addition, the decline in wood prices will be reflected in the management of forestry and timber businesses, including stagnant wages for forestry workers. The socio-economic impact of the bark beetle calamity is high and is most affected by the decline in spruce timber prices.
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De Genova, Nicholas. "Life versus Capital: The COVID-19 pandemic and the politics of life." Cultural Dynamics 33, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09213740211014335.
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Like all ostensibly “natural” disasters, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic unceasingly reveals the depths of social inequality and political myopia or governmental recklessness that predictably exacerbate the effects of a more strictly natural calamity. The pandemic thereby exposes the grotesque disparities in how illness, death, and suffering are unevenly distributed. As the COVID-19 public health crisis has summarily provoked a global economic crisis, furthermore, it is simply unthinkable to comprehend the real ramifications of the pandemic outside of the sociopolitical relations of labor and capital, more generally. Furthermore, the global public health crisis commands that we reflect anew on the relations between human life and state power. Both for those who have historically and enduringly been subjected to expulsion from gainful employment, as for those whose labor-power is a commodity of choice for capital, exceedingly selected for hyper-exploitation, the coronavirus pandemic is a toxic matter of both class and race. These dire and increasingly desperate circumstances, however, reveal not only what is most barbaric about capitalist social relations but also the opportunity latent within this crisis.
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Maes, Joke, Arend Raoul Van Oosten, Natalie Van Houtte, and Erik Matthysen. "Genetic structure of natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) populations in Flanders, Belgium, and its implications for conservation." Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 2 (2019): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-17000181.
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Abstract Unique evolutionary potential could be lost when a population goes extinct or when individuals are translocated to other existing populations. Therefore, in order to identify priorities and to predict the efficiency and consequences of conservation actions, information is needed on the genetic structure of natural populations. In the urbanized and diverse landscapes of Flanders, Belgium, natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) populations have been declining over the last decades. Therefore, this species is subjected to a wide range of different types of conservation measures (e.g. habitat management, corridor development, translocations). However, more information is needed on its genetic population structure. In this study, we sampled egg clutches from six populations and studied their genetic structure with six microsatellite markers. In total, 184 samples from 99 different egg strings were genotyped. Observed heterozygosity was generally high, even for the small and isolated populations (overall mean HO = 0.43). The weak clustering by the Bayesian analyses (STRUCTURE, Adegenet and BAPS) does not allow us to make strong conclusions on the population structure. However, the significant ΦST values between the populations underline the importance of genetic information when conservation priorities are discussed. Unique evolutionary potential could be lost when one or more natterjack toad populations would go extinct, and translocation of individuals to other existing populations should be considered with caution.
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Ng, Jack C. "Environmental Contamination of Arsenic and its Toxicological Impact on Humans." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 3 (2005): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05062.
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Environmental Context. Tens of millions of people in developing countries are being exposed to excessive levels of arsenic in their drinking water, and this contamination is widely regarded as the largest current calamity of chemical poisoning in the world. However, arsenic can exist in many chemical forms, and these vary widely in solubility, toxicity, and in bioavailability. Therefore, it is critical to be able to measure arsenic speciation accurately and reliably in order to understand its toxicity and design effective measures of remedial action. Abstract. Inorganic arsenic compounds are known carcinogens. The human epidemiologic evidence of arsenic-induced skin, lung, and bladder cancers is strong. However, the evidence of arsenic carcinogenicity in animals is very limited. Lack of a suitable animal model until recent years has inhibited studies of the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis. The toxicity and bioavailability of arsenic depend on its solubility and chemical forms. Therefore, it is critical to be able to measure arsenic speciation accurately and reliably. However, speciation of arsenic in more complex matrices remains a real challenge. There are tens of millions of people who are being exposed to excessive levels of arsenic in the drinking water alone. The source of contamination is mainly of natural origin and the mass poisoning is occurring worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Chronic arsenicosis resulting in cancer and non-cancer diseases will impact significantly on the public health systems in their respective countries. Effective watershed management and remediation technologies in addition to medical treatment are urgently needed in order to avoid what has been regarded as the largest calamity of chemical poisoning in the world.
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Su. Suganthi, Dr, S. Aishwarya, S. Keerthana, and B. R. Sandhya. "Raspberry PI based advanced communication for disaster management." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (May 29, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13400.
Full textAbstract:
When a natural disaster occurs one of the major crisis is communication. This is mainly because when a calamity occurs all the cellular networks, towers and other contemporary means of network goes down making it impossible to communicate with others. Thus in this paper we propose an alternative solution for communication during disaster which can be achieved using a Long range radio transceiver module, which can operate without the help of any towers or base stations. The proposed transceiver model is a standalone device which can transmit and receive voice signals which operates on ISM band of frequency range 902 to 928 MHz, providing a hinderance free good communication, and as an additional feature is made to receive FM station signals using FM radio module, to keep us updated with the news, rescue and relief activities.