Academic literature on the topic 'Calamità naturali'
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Journal articles on the topic "Calamità naturali"
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Andreassi, Fabio. "Le trasformazioni delle città dopo le calamità naturali: il ruolo della solidarietà pubblica nell'iperdotazione insediativa." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 116 (March 2016): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2016-116002.
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Mancini, Elena. "Il programma di eliminazione della filariasi linfatica in Bangladesh: un modello esportabile? / The lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in Bangladesh: an exportable model?" Medicina e Morale 66, no. 4 (October 11, 2017): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.503.
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Nel 1971, al termine della sanguinosissima guerra di separazione dal Pakistan, il Bangladesh appariva un paese senza speranza. L’elevatissima crescita demografica -una delle maggiori al mondo- le calamità naturali quali alluvioni e tifoni, la povertà grave e diffusa - con una percentuale di popolazione sotto la soglia di povertà intorno al 30% - la situazione politica interna, con instabilità sociale e latenti conflitti etnici, rendevano il pronostico più che verosimile. A distanza di 40 anni, il BGD è riuscito a smentire in gran parte tale previsione, conseguendo successi nello sviluppo economico, nella salute pubblica e nella trasformazione sociale. Il controllo del tasso di fertilità, la lotta a “big killer” quali la TBC e la diarrea infantile, il miglioramento delle condizioni igieniche e la realizzazione di presidi sanitari territoriali di prima assistenza (community-clinic), efficaci campagne sanitarie, il contrasto di malattie endemiche, sono stati ottenuti grazie all’impiego coordinato delle misure sanitarie dei programmi internazionali. Risultati, questi, conseguiti attraverso una politica sanitaria basata su una proficua collaborazione tra il Ministero della salute nazionale (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), ONG, organismi sanitari internazionali, istituzioni e fondazioni internazionali. Il BGD ha così conseguito il traguardo della pressoché totale eliminazione delle malattie neglette endemiche nel paese (leishmaniosi viscerale, filariasi linfatica, dengue, lebbra, parassitosi intestinali – infezioni da elminti). L’articolo valuta i fattori che hanno caratterizzato il successo nel programma di eliminazione della filariasi linfatica. Dall’analisi di tali fattori è derivato un possibile modello di governance per la lotta alle malattie neglette in regioni endemiche comparabili sotto il profilo geo-politico. ---------- In 1971, at the end of the bloodstained separation war with Pakistan, Bangladesh appeared as a country without hope. The intense population growth – one of the highest in the world – natural disasters such as flooding and typhoons, acute and diffuse poverty – with a percentage of population below poverty line of 30% – the internal political scenario, with social instability and underlying ethnical conflicts – made this situation less likely to improve. 40 years later, Bangladesh succeeded in disproving such prevision, with a significant growth in economic development, public healthcare and social conditions. Birth control, countermeasures against “big killers” such as tuberculosis and diarrhea in babies, improvement of hygienic conditions and the implementation of local emergency units (community-clinic), effective sanitary campaigns and prevention of endemic diseases have been accomplished thanks to the coordinated use of sanitary measures in international programmes. Results obtained through a sanitary policy based on fruitful collaborations among the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, NGOs, international health organizations, international institutions and foundations. This way Bangladesh achieved the result of an almost total elimination of neglected endemic disease in the country (visceral leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, plague, intestinal parasitosys – helminth infections). The article analyses the factors contributing to the success of the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme. The study of such factors permitted to identify a governance model for fighting neglected diseases in endemic regions with similar geo-political environments.
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Pekov, Igor V., Oleg I. Siidra, Nikita V. Chukanov, Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Anna G. Turchkova, and Gerhard Möhn. "Calamaite, a new natural titanium sulfate from the Alcaparrosa mine, Calama, Antofagasta region, Chile." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2738.
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V, Sahana, Thanushree Gowda, and Vanishree S. "Statistical Analysis and Classification of Calamity Related Tweets." Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence & it's Applications 1, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/rtaia.2022.v01i03.003.
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Twitter and other social media platforms have emerged as popular channels for communication during emergencies. Social networks generate huge amounts of data due to the behaviour of their users. A wide range of topics is discussed on social networks, including politics, health issues, and natural disasters. Therefore, public data provides a wealth of information on many topics. Traditional methods of communication have been enhanced in many ways by the Internet. In disaster assessment, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are becoming increasingly popular. The use of micro blogging platforms such as Twitter during natural catastrophes and emergencies generates an increasing number of posts on these platforms. In this paper, we examine natural disasters, including avalanches, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, floods, volcanoes, and wildfires. We extract data from Twitter Network and classify them as disaster and non-disaster tweets as target and non-targets using SVM, Word2Vec, TFIDF, and BERT model.
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Jayaram, M. A., and Ravichandra Gidaballi. "Sentiment Analysis Using Twitter Data in the Context of Natural Calamity." International Journal of Applied Research on Information Technology and Computing 7, no. 3 (2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-8089.2016.00017.8.
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Buj Buj, Antonio. "Los desastres naturales y la geografía contemporánea." Estudios Geográficos 58, no. 229 (August 9, 2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.1997.i229.644.
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Los desastres naturales y la geografía contemporánea. La geografía contemporánea empezó a integrar los eventos calamitosos en sus reflexiones epistemológicas gracias a la geografía de las calamidades, cuyas primeras formulaciones aparecieron hacia 1920, de la mano de Raoul Montandon. La obra más importante de éste fue la revista Matériaux pour l'Etude des Calamités. La otra reflexión epistemológica importante sobre las calamidades naturales se desarrolló en Estados Unidos, gracias a la iniciativa de los alumnos de Gilbert F. White. En la década de los sesenta, L Burton, R.W. Kates y el mismo White, empezaron a plantear la llamada geografía de los riesgos. Esta empezó pronto a ser calificada de tecnocrática por la llamada geografía radical, como resultado de la aplicación del análisis marxista. La disciplina recuperaba así algunos de los presupuestos iniciales de la geografía de las calamidades; aquellos que ponían énfasis en el carácter social de las catástrofes naturales. Estos modelos de investigación, junto al trabajo en otras disciplinas, han ayudado a crear un marco de nuevas sensibilidades frente a las mismas.
[fr] Les désastres naturels et la géographie contemporaine. La géographie contemporaine a commencé à intégrer les faits calamiteux dans leurs réflexions épistémologiques à partir de la géographie des calamités dont les premières formulations son apparues vers 1920, de la main de Raoul Montandon. Une de ses oeuvres les plus importantes a été Matériaux pour l'Étude des Calamités. L'autre réflexion épistemologique importante sur les calamités naturelles s'est développée aux États-Unis à partir de l'iniciative des élèves de Gilbert F. White. Dans les années 60, L Burton, R.W. Kates et White commenceront à poser la géographie des risques. Celle-ci fut qualifiée rapidement de technocrate par la géographie radicale, résultat de l'application de l'analyse marxiste. La discipline récupérait ainsi quelques principes iniciaux de la géographie des calamités; par exemple ceux qui ponaient l'accent sur le caractère social des catastrophes naturelles. Ces modèles d'investigation et le travail efectué dans d'autres disciplines ont aidé à créer un marc de nouvelles sensibilités en relations aux mêmes.
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Liang, Ruobing. "Natural calamity and cultural formation: A study on Yellow River flooding region." China Economic Quarterly International 2, no. 1 (March 2022): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2022.01.001.
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V, Nikhra. "The Covid Calamity, the Human Life, and the Surviving Hope." Virology & Immunology Journal 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000275.
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Introduction - Ongoing Covid-19 Calamity: As a disease, COVID-19 is still in the pandemic phase because infections continue to increasingly occur world-wide and various population groups are still susceptible. It is likely that the SARS-CoV-2 will not be eradicated but become endemic and continue to circulate and cause infections in pockets of the global populations for years to come. It may evolve into more transmissible and virulent forms with novel mutations and variants, and associated factors may worsen the overall scenario with involvement of newer population groups and world regions. Mutations, Variants and Immune Escape: The unabated prevalence increases risk of mutations, as the virus has more chances to mutate. Further, in areas where the incidence rates are high, selection pressures favour the emergence of variants that evade neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, as population groups receive vaccination, immune pressure is conjectured to facilitate and speed up the emergence of such variants by selecting for escape mutants. In due course, these selected variants would replace previous versions of the virus propelling the pandemic or the endemic disease later on. Associated Uncertainties with SARS-CoV-2: There are various associated uncertainties with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it causes. Due to evolving genomic changes, the virus elicits erratic and labile immune response. Simultaneously, the host factors are highly variable and largely uncontrollable. Further, the control measures and available vaccines for COVID-19 may not reduce the prevalence of infections drastically for multiple reasons. These epidemiological drivers would lead to persistence of the virus and endemicity of the disease interspersed by periodic outbreaks and re-emergence. The Human Life during Covid-19 Pandemic: With COVID-19 becoming an endemic disease, the SARS-CoV-2 virus would be first encountered during childhood, typically causing mild manifestations or none. The population groups will develop some immunity through natural infection or vaccination and may not suffer with severe illness, except in those with comorbid conditions or immune-compromised states, and the disease course would depend on evolving variants, efficacy of vaccines, and nature of immunity to the virus. The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may remain a myth and with individual immunity being labile and waning after 6-8 months, booster doses of updated vaccine will be required at regular intervals. Future Scenario and Search for Solutions: To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus, various countries have implemented a wide range of control measures from time to time and likely to resort to, in future as well. There is need for genotyping and genomic sequencing capability for quick and effective utilization of epidemiological data. Simultaneously, the large deployment of COVID-19 vaccines under way needs a rapid and effective global effort. The next-generation vaccines may stimulate T cells effectively, apart from generating antibodies against the virus, and there is possibility of designing a universal coronavirus vaccine or pan-virus vaccine for immunisation against multiple variants and strains. On the therapeutic side, use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy may Improve the prognosis and clinical outcomes in COVID-19.
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Sekar, K., Lalit Giri, Aseesh Pandey, and S. Srivastava. "A Note on Distribution of Juniperus semiglobosa in Uttarakhand, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-0xy6ms.
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Distribution of Juniperus semiglobosa in India have been examined through literature, available herbarium specimens and with field observations. The density of individuals are found in decreasing trend in India due to fuel wood extraction coupled with natural calamity in high altitude regions, especially in Trans Himalaya. Available population status, brief description, field observations and photographs are provided in the communication, for conservation of Juniperus in natural habitats.
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M, Selvaganapathy, N. Nishavithri, P. Prabakaran, and G. Manikannan. "MANET Based Emergency Communication System Design During Disaster and Post Disaster." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17411ecst.
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In the event of a natural disaster most of the communication networks become unavailable either because of damages sustained to the infrastructure such as antennas and other communication devices or because of power failure. During these times, communication plays a vital role in keeping the people informed about post disaster effects in the affected areas. There are two aspects in this circumstance. One is to immediately locate the affected persons and provide emergency assistance. The other is to offer calamity release during and after the disaster. The conventional method of establishing communication is usually done by establishing emergency command center and hosting the entire essential telecommunication infrastructure to provide communication between members of the search and recovery teams. This type of solution is expensive, tough to maintain, and the level of reliability is low. Because of these reasons the efficiency of the system is less. For improving the effectiveness of the communication during the times of natural calamity is to implement a communication system that does not rely on infrastructure based equipments. The proposed system makes use of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) based communication. The proposed system also incorporates Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite based location detection system that could be used to pinpoint a particular person who is in distress. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are essential for effective preparedness, communication, and training tool for calamity management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Calamità naturali"
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Bratus, Antonio. "MONITORAGGIO DI DISSESTI FRANOSI CON METODOLOGIA INTEGRATA BASATA SULL'USO DI SISTEMA RADAR INTERFEROMETRICO TERRESTRE (GBSAR)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10925.
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2013/2014L’analisi critica del monitoraggio di frane con l’utilizzo dell’interferometria radar da terra è stata lo scopo di questa tesi di dottorato di ricerca in geoscienze. Il progetto prende lo spunto dalla possibilità di poter coniugare le esigenze di una struttura preposta al monitoraggio di dissesti franosi, la disponibilità di tecnologie innovative non invasive e la loro fattibilità nel contesto regionale. L’idea di poter utilizzare ed analizzare criticamente i risultati di una serie di monitoraggi è stata quindi presa come linea guida per questo ciclo di dottorato di ricerca in geoscienze. Nell’ambito delle opere di prevenzione da calamità naturali, il Servizio geologico della Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, di cui l’autore è un componente, ha ritenuto di attivare il monitoraggio di tre frane ubicate nel territorio di competenza con l’utilizzo di misure di superficie eseguite con tecnologie basate sull’uso del sistema radar interferometrico con lo scopo di identificare delle zone caratterizzate da movimenti di versante, così da: • integrare le conoscenze pregresse sulla determinazione della forma ed estensione della massa in movimento nonché della distribuzione di pressioni e sforzi; • determinare gli spostamenti differenziali dell’area di frana; • stimare il campo di velocità e la sua interrelazione con fattori esterni quali piogge o temperatura; I siti individuati per questo piano di monitoraggio sono caratterizzati da diverse tipologie di dissesto e di condizioni al contorno. La loro designazione è stata fatta seguendo questo criterio guida. Considerando l’eterogeneità del territorio regionale sono stati scelti: • Ligosullo (UD): il sito in oggetto è rappresentato dal centro urbano di Ligosullo, caratterizzato da un fenomeno di instabilità generalizzato con tassi di deformazione dell’ordine di alcuni cm/anno; • Cimolais (PN): Il sito in oggetto è rappresentato una parete rocciosa, caratterizzata da fenomeni localizzati di crollo; • Erto e Casso, località La Pineda (PN): il sito in oggetto è rappresentato da una parte dell’accumulo di una paleo frana del monte Salta. Caratterizzato da una zona calanchiva in evoluzione, caratterizzata da frane superficiali diffuse. I motivi che hanno individuato il radar interferometrico terrestre come principale metodo di monitoraggio sono legati alle principali caratteristiche della tecnica, ovvero: • sistema remoto che consente di misurare spostamenti del fronte instabile senza la necessità teorica di installare riflettori artificiali e quindi di accedere direttamente alla zona instabile; • capacità di fornire mappe di spostamento dell’intero versante; • misure in near real time: è possibile elaborare i dati acquisiti in maniera automatica e fornire i risultati in tempo quasi reali (con pochi minuti di ritardo rispetto all’acquisizione); • misure in qualsiasi condizione meteorologica, sia di giorno che di notte grazie all’uso di un sistema radar; • misure ad elevata accuratezza (tra il decimo di millimetro ed il millimetro in funzione della distanza) nate dall’applicazione della ricerca spaziale, che consente di determinare l’entità dello spostamento di un oggetto confrontando le informazioni di fase delle onde elettromagnetiche riflesse dall’oggetto in diversi istanti di tempo.
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Di, Veroli Veronica <1990>. "Salvaguardia, gestione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale immobile esposto a rischi da calamità naturali ed ambientali: il caso di Civita di Bagnoregio (VT)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9736.
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Nell’elaborato viene analizzato il caso studio di Civita di Bagnoregio, frazione dell’omonimo comune in provincia di Viterbo, denominata ormai la “Città che Muore” a causa dei progressivi crolli che stanno interessando da secoli la rupe tufacea su cui il borgo si erge, e che hanno concorso alla riduzione progressiva della superficie dell’abitato ed al suo spopolamento.
Successivamente ad una prima fase di presentazione del borgo secondo un profilo storico-geografico ed un’analisi dei fenomeni di dissesto si procede ad analizzare gli strumenti e le strategie di gestione del rischio correlato. Partendo da un quadro generale inerente il Patrimonio Culturale italiano potenzialmente soggetto a rischio idrogeologico e sismico si procede con l’analisi di monitoraggio e prevenzione del caso in esame, proseguendo con l’analisi degli interventi di consolidamento che hanno interessato il borgo e con un’esposizione delle tecnologie e delle banche dati attualmente disponibili per il monitoraggio e la prevenzione del rischio. L’elaborato poi analizza le attuali strategie di gestione del territorio, tenendo in considerazione l’impatto del turismo e la valorizzazione del borgo da parte degli enti competenti coinvolti nella sua amministrazione. Viene analizzata infine la recente candidatura di Civita di Bagnoregio come Paesaggio Culturale UNESCO, valutando le implicazioni dell’ammissione del borgo tra i Patrimoni dell’Umanità e le possibili ricadute sul territorio e sulle peculiarità socio-economiche che lo caratterizzano.
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Nicolle, Philip David. "The environmental physiology of Bufo bufo L. and Bufo calamita Laur. tadpoles." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1989. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4987/.
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Using spawn collected from the north Merseyside sand dune system, the effects of temperature on growth, development, metabolism and metamorphosis in B. bufo and B. calamita tadpoles were investigated, together with a limited study on the effects of L-thyroxine. The effects of density on growth, developteI1t and metamorphosis were examined. Physiological and behavioural effects of B. bufo tadpoles on B. calamita tadpoles were also studied. B. calamita spawn and tadpoles survive at higher temperatures than B. bufo. Below20°CB. bufo spawn, and below 15°Ctheir t.adpcl.es, develop at a greater rate than B. calamita. B. calamita spawn and tadpoles' growth and development is faster at higher temperatures. B. calamita tadpoles have higher metabolic rates than B. bufo across the temperature range 15-30°C. Faster rates of metabolism and development in B. calamita result in smaller tadpoles and toadlets than B. bufo. B. calamita may compensate for this with increased metamorphic efficiency in terms of energy. It is speculated that differences in tadpole thyroid physiology could account for observed differences. metamorphic efficiency was greatest, and rates of development and growth maximised/at the tadpoles' preferred body temperature. Increased density reduced growth-and developteI1t of tadpoles, but influenced different stages in the two species. metamorphosis in all B. bufo tadpoles was delayed, whereas in B. calamita a proportion of the population metamorphosed apparently unaffected by increased density. The responses of tadpoles to temperature and density were related to the species' preferred spawning environments. In the presence of B. bufo tadpoles, B. calamita growth, development and metabolism was suppressed. The pattern of development and timing of metamorphosis in B. calamita became similar to that of B. bufo. Inhibition was not relieved by L-thyroxine, and did not effect tadpole behaviour. Mass specific food consumption was increased. It is speculated that the inhibitor is a parasite or a substance which affects assimilation.
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MEMOLA, ANNA TERESA. "ASSICURAZIONE DEI RISCHI DA CATASTROFE NATURALE: SCENARIO ITALIANO E REALTÀ STRANIERE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233254.
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THE THESIS, WITH A COMPARATIVE APPROACH, EXAMINES THE ISSUE OF THE INSURANCE OF NATURAL CATASTROPHES IN ITALIAN LAW AND DOCTRINE.THE AUTHOR DEALS WITH THE MAIN SOLUTIONS AVAILABLE ON THE INSURANCE MARKET AND EXPOSES THE MAIN DIFFICULTIES OF THE STATE TOWARDS NATURAL CATASTROPHES DAMAGES.
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Davis, C. A. "The population dynamics of the Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita Laur.) in the north Merseyside sand-dune system." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1985. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5561/.
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Ribas, Palom Anna. "Natura, societat i calamitat. Una aproximació a les inundacions històriques de la ciutat de Girona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4985.
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Andersson, Susanna. "Diversitet av amfibier och förhållandet mellan gruppens reproduktiva framgång och evertebrater knutna till dammar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42721.
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Inledning: Småvatten som dammar har försummats i bevarande-och övervakningsstrategier där fokus har lagts på större sötvattensmiljöer. Kunskap om småvattens roll i bevarandet av biologisk mångfald är bristfällig men studier har visat att dammar kan försörja fler arter, fler unika arter och mer ovanliga arter än sjöar, floder och vattendrag. I Sverige är 100 av 240 rödlistade sötvattensorganismer knutna till småvatten, där de flesta är arter av evertebrater men inkluderar även 38 % arter av den svenska amfibiefaunan. För att säkra den svenska amfibiefaunan måste faktorerna som missgynnar faunan, framförallt de hotade arterna, bli kända. Att bedöma vattenmiljöer lämpade för framgångsrik reproduktion hos amfibier kan vara komplicerad med hjälp av instrumentmätningar och vattenprover då kemiska parametrar i vattnet är ostabila. Alternativt kan man studera sötvattenslevande makroevertebrater där sammansättning, förekomst eller frånvaro kan indikera om miljön är utsatt för stressfaktorer. Utdikningar, övergödning och introduktion av invasiva arter har missgynnat amfibiefaunan genom minska reproduktionslokaler och skapa spridningsbarriärer. I Skånes region, som har högst diversitet av groddjur, har hundratals vatten återskapats för amfibier men behovet att fortsätta med naturvårdsinsatser kvarstår. Syfte: Med denna studie önskar jag lyfta vikten av att bevara och återskapa dammar för amfibier. Studien fokuserar på artrikedom hos amfibier, hotade arter samt reproduktiv framgång hos dessa. Studien omfattar 15 dammar fördelade över tre områden i Skåne. I två områden har flera dammar återskapats för att gynna amfibiefaunan och genom att följa upp kolonisering av dessa och utvärdera reproduktiv framgång, önskar jag bidra med lärdom om naturvårdsinsatsers effektivitet. De två områdena kommer även att jämföras med ett referensområde där inga omfattande naturvårdsinsatser har genomförts. Kemi- och fysikaliska parametrar kommer mätas i dammarna men även makroevertebrater i vattnet kommer att studeras för att se om det finns ett samband mellan dammar med framgångsrik reproduktion hos amfibier och förekomsten av makroevertebrater. Frågorna som ska besvaras är 1) vilket område är mest artrikt? 2) Har naturvårdsinsatserna i relation till referensområdet gynnat hotade arter? 3) Skiljer sig sammansättningen av vattenkemiska parametrar åt mellan dammar med framgångsrik reproduktion hos Anura med dammar utan framgångsrik reproduktion? 4) Skiljer förekomst, diversitet, sammansättning av evertebrater samt andelen rovinsekter åt mellan dammar med framgångsrik reproduktion hos Anura med dammar utan framgångsrik reproduktion? Metod: Projektområdet begränsades till sydöstra Skåne. Två områden, Ravlunda och Högestad valdes ut efter vetskapen om att omfattande naturvårdsinsatser utförts i områdena med syftet att gynna amfibier. Markanvändningen i områdena skiljer sig åt där Ravlunda är ett aktivt skjutfält och i Högestad drivs bland annat jord- och skogsbruk. Det tredje området, Referensområdet, bestod av spridda dammar runt Ravlunda skjutfält. Här hade inga naturvårdsinsatser utförts i syftet att gynna amfibier. Amfibier och deras utvecklingsstadium inventeras under säsongen när gruppen är som mest aktiv i vattenmiljön. Utvalda kemi-och fysikaliska mätningar tas med hjälp av mätinstrument och vattenprover analyseras i laboratorium. Evertebrater samlas in genom håvning för att beräkna Shannons diversitet index och Average score per taxon (ASPT) index. Andelen rovinsekter beräknas från antalet larver av Odonata och individer från familjerna Dytiscidae och Notonectidae. Variansanalyser kommer utföras för att identifiera skillnader mellan områdena och korrelationsanalyser utförs för att identifiera samband mellan evertebrater och framgångsrik reproduktion hos amfibier. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyser kommer utföras för att identifiera hur lokalerna förhåller sig till varandra i sammansättning av vattenkemi samt sammansättning av familjer och fördelning hos evertebrater. Resultat: Högestad var det mest artrika området. Där var signifikant skillnad i antalet individer av hotad art mellan Ravlunda och de andra områdena. Naturvårdsinsatserna bedömdes gynnat hotad art i Ravlunda men inte i Högestad. Korrelationsanalysen visade inget samband mellan framgångsrik reproduktion och index-beräkningarna. Slutsats: Naturvårdsinsatser i syftet att bevara den svenska amfibiefaunan och dess hotade arter kan vara framgångsrik om man lägger alla bitar i pusslet rätt, för det är många faktorer som spelar in för att insatser ska bli både effektiva och framgångsrika. Att fortsätta med uppföljningar av naturvårdsinsatser efter att projekttiden är slut är viktigt för att kunna ta lärdom om vilka metoder som skapar bäst förutsättningar för stabila populationer hos amfibier.
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Chen, Sian-You, and 陳献佑. "The Research on Natural calamity and some peculiar natural phenomena of Tso-chuan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62581256689927008471.
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Hsieh, Fu-yu, and 謝富佑. "Between Religion and Natural Calamity—The Research of Collective worships in Pai-bu-fan Settlement in Jhuolan Township, Miaoli County." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25guc9.
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碩士國立中央大學
客家政治經濟與政策研究所在職碩士專班
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With the data collected mainly by participant observation, interview survey and complementarily by field investigation, this thesis tries to have an overall observation and exploration of the collective worships in Pai-bu-fan Settlement. This research is designed for the observation of the collective worships in different community levels, mainly the collective worships in Pai-bu-fan Settlement, from the collective worships with the settlement properties, village properties, to the pan-village properties; and, for the exploration of relationships among the people, ghosts, and gods, represented in the collective worships in Pai-bu-fan Settlement. This thesis consists of six chapters. The topic of chapter one is introduction; chapter two is for the literature review. Chapter three is about the collective worships in the settlement, which present the ways residents seek for blessing and protection from the gods and spirits of nature to satisfy their daily needs, including the ceremony of collective worships to the heaven gods, river gods, earth gods, and the pu-du ritual to pacify the ghosts. Due to the enclosed geographic environment, these ceremony activities form an independent system of collective worships of Pai-bu-fan Settlement. Chapter four is for the pan-village collective worships. This chapter discusses how people from different settlements form social connections through different believes of gods and spirits, and how the interactions among different groups of people are linked by collective worships of gods and spirits of nature. Influenced by the division adjustment of administrative district and the improvement of transportation, the worship activities in Pai-bu-fan Settlement, including the Ping-an opera festival, with village property, in Nei-wan during the Chinese New Year and the the pu-du ritual to the ghosts, with pan-village property, during the Ghost Festival of Er-loon Temple in mid-summer, have been enclosed into the system of Er-loon Temple. Meanwhile, the participation of the Ma-zu procession of Wu-pao Temple has helped Pai-bu-fan Settlement’s collective worships to get out from the fringe of the system of pan-village property. Chapter five mainly focuses on the collective worships of application style. When encountering natural calamities, residents of Pai-bu-fan Settlement, by individual or group worship for blessing, seek for protection from their gods and spirits to get through crises. Among all, they most dread the calamities caused by “good brothers,” the wandering ghosts; therefore, the concept of the pu-du ritual has been intensified. Through activities of the pu-du ritual to pacify the ghosts, residents seek to reach a harmonious status among the people, ghosts, and gods. Chapter six is for the conclusion of this research. This research has found certain features of the collective worships in Pai-bu-fan Settlement. The grass-roots belief of the ceremony of collective worships to the heaven gods in Hakka settlements acts as the recognition of the identification of geographical homeland. The ceremony of collective worships to the river gods originated from the engagement with the floods of Da-an River and has become a distinct feature of collective worships in the area of Pai-bu-fan Settlement. The concept of the pu-du ritual to pacify the ghosts has been intensified by the constantly occurred natural calamities; in this way, the pu-du ritual to pacify the ghosts to “good brothers” is highly emphasized in this area. The external relations which reflect the thought of giving and receiving gained from the collective worships are presented in a variation relation showing cessation, constant involvement, newly involvement of the collective worships in this area. When settlement residents encounter natural calamities, the collective worships for blessing, seek for protection from gods and spirits, are their ways and means of getting through the crises. In an overall view, the collective worships in Pai-bu-fan Settlement represent the ways the residents remain different levels of external relations among settlements and villages, deal with natural calamities, and the embodiment of seeking for blessing and protection from the gods and spirits and their emphasis on the pu-du ritual to pacify the ghosts.
Books on the topic "Calamità naturali"
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Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development., National Disaster Coordinating Council (Philippines), and Philippines. National Mapping and Resource Information Authority., eds. Protecting and restoring calamity areas. Los Baños, Laguna: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 1998.
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Das, Subrat. Natural disasters and relief provisions in India: Commitments and ground realities. New Delhi: Centre for Budge and Governance Accountability, 2004.
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Martinis, Bruno. Le calamità naturali in Italia: Origine, prevenzione, rimedi. Milano: Mursia, 1987.
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Iachello, Enrico. La politica delle calamità: Terremoto e colera nella Sicilia borbonica. Catania: G. Maimone, 2000.
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La politica delle calamità: Terremoto e colera nella Sicilia borbonica. Catania: G. Maimone, 2000.
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Manzoni, Giovanni. Calamità nella Bassa Romagna dal 1174 al 1899. [Ravenna? Italy]: Walberti, 1989.
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Politica e calamità: Il governo dell'emergenza naturale e sanitaria nell'Italia liberale (1861-1915). Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2013.
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Italy) World Water Day (13th 2013 Rome. Calamità idrogeologiche : aspetti economici: XIII Giornata mondiale dell'acqua : Roma, 22 marzo 2013. Roma: Scienze e lettere, 2014.
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Mohammed, Mousa-Booth, Lawal Hafizu, and Kano State (Nigeria). Ministry of Home Affairs, Information, and Culture. Information Dept., eds. Flood disaster: A situation report on the grim consequences of a natural calamity. Kano, Nigeria: Kano State, Information Dept., Ministry of Home Affairs, Information, and Culture, 1988.
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Delhoume, Jean Pierre. Calamités climatiques et fléaux naturels en Limousin: De l'an mil à nos jours. Saint-Paul: Puy Fraud, 2013.
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Lakshmi Devi, P., and S. Varadarajan. "Image Processing of Natural Calamity Images Using Healthy Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 505–13. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2523-2_49.
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Jacob, Maria, Cláudia Neves, and Danica Vukadinović Greetham. "Extreme Value Theory." In Forecasting and Assessing Risk of Individual Electricity Peaks, 39–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28669-9_3.
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Abstract From travel disruptions to natural disasters, extreme events have long captured the public’s imagination and attention. Due to their rarity and often associated calamity, they make waves in the news (Fig. 3.1) and stir discussion in the public realm: is it a freak event? Events of this sort may be shrouded in mystery for the general public, but a particular branch of probability theory, notably Extreme Value Theory (EVT), offers insight to their inherent scarcity and stark magnitude. EVT is a wonderfully rich and versatile theory which has already been adopted by a wide variety of disciplines in a plentiful way. From its humble beginnings in reliability engineering and hydrology, it has now expanded much further; it can be used to model the occurrences of records (say for example in athletic events) or quantify the probability of floods with magnitude greater than what has been observed in the past, i.e it allows us extrapolate beyond the range of available data!
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Capolupo, Nicola, and Gabriella Piscopo. "Communicating Natural Calamity." In Exploring the Power of Electronic Word-of-Mouth in the Services Industry, 352–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8575-6.ch019.
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This chapter aims at understanding the dynamics that led to the exchange and value co-creation/co-production in the interaction between P.A. and citizens during natural calamities. In addition, it proposes a horizontal communication model in which both actors cooperate to respond to crisis, a semantic and semiotic space on the net able to satisfy their information needs. When natural disasters occur, citizens' primary need is to reach as much information as possible about the status of loved ones possibly involved in the accident, road traffic, how to give an effective contribution to the cause without hindering, etc. On the other hand, P.A. and rescuers need to know as much information as possible about the reports, on the site of the disaster so as to intervene promptly to help the population in danger. Therefore, P.A. and citizens are called upon to cooperate to guarantee crisis containment, crisis management, and also future crisis prevention.
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Capolupo, Nicola, and Gabriella Piscopo. "Communicating Natural Calamity." In Research Anthology on Implementing Sentiment Analysis Across Multiple Disciplines, 1528–39. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6303-1.ch080.
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This chapter aims at understanding the dynamics that led to the exchange and value co-creation/co-production in the interaction between P.A. and citizens during natural calamities. In addition, it proposes a horizontal communication model in which both actors cooperate to respond to crisis, a semantic and semiotic space on the net able to satisfy their information needs. When natural disasters occur, citizens' primary need is to reach as much information as possible about the status of loved ones possibly involved in the accident, road traffic, how to give an effective contribution to the cause without hindering, etc. On the other hand, P.A. and rescuers need to know as much information as possible about the reports, on the site of the disaster so as to intervene promptly to help the population in danger. Therefore, P.A. and citizens are called upon to cooperate to guarantee crisis containment, crisis management, and also future crisis prevention.
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Capolupo, Nicola, and Gabriella Piscopo. "Communicating Natural Calamity." In Research Anthology on Managing Crisis and Risk Communications, 54–65. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7145-6.ch004.
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This chapter aims at understanding the dynamics that led to the exchange and value co-creation/co-production in the interaction between P.A. and citizens during natural calamities. In addition, it proposes a horizontal communication model in which both actors cooperate to respond to crisis, a semantic and semiotic space on the net able to satisfy their information needs. When natural disasters occur, citizens' primary need is to reach as much information as possible about the status of loved ones possibly involved in the accident, road traffic, how to give an effective contribution to the cause without hindering, etc. On the other hand, P.A. and rescuers need to know as much information as possible about the reports, on the site of the disaster so as to intervene promptly to help the population in danger. Therefore, P.A. and citizens are called upon to cooperate to guarantee crisis containment, crisis management, and also future crisis prevention.
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Watts, Michael. "On the poverty of theory: natural hazards research in context." In Interpretations of Calamity, 231–62. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429329579-13.
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"The Twin Faces of Calamity." In Natural Disaster at the Closing of the Dutch Golden Age, 251–76. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108923750.008.
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Bandopadhyay, Saptarishi. "Portugal 1755." In All Is Well, 79–106. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579190.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 traces the emergence of disaster management and the modern, scientific state following the Lisbon earthquake of 1775. It studies how the Marquês de Pombal, who rose to power in the quake’s aftermath, revolutionized the Portuguese state by explaining the calamity as a natural accident susceptible to centralized and scientific management. Chapter 4 follows Pombal’s efforts to reclaim moral, political, economic, and ecological hegemony from rival sovereigns and the Jesuit Order. It shows that the state’s claim to master natural chaos and superstition through science and rational governance was realized through ancien régime–style despotism, disenfranchisement, social immobility, and legalized violence. In Portugal, the struggle to define catastrophe was also the struggle to imagine a “normal” political authority. Chapter 4 reveals how modern—legal, political, and scientific—authorities may continue to be defined by the arbitrariness they reject and the “natural” chaos and irrationalities they promise to subsume.
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Dimitrova, Diana. "Medical Provision of the Population within an Outbreak of a Traumatic Defeat an Earthquake: A Fundamental Tool of the Staged Health Risk Management." In Natural Hazards - Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94259.
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The most destructive and unpredictable disasters around the world are determined earthquakes. Various consequences are reported as possible negative effects and therewithal health-related of them. The identification and classification of the different types of health risk factors is an initial goal in an uncomplicated earthquake setting and a fundamental tool to a good understanding and effective organization of the health care system (HCS) in case of complicated medical situation. The health care system works at high tension with considerable difficulties due to the calamity of a large magnitude outbreak of a traumatic defeat such as an earthquake. In conditions of the worst-case earthquake scenario with the subsequent provoked multi-secondary disasters and with multi-secondary risk factors possibilities to take accurate solutions is a real challenge for the health risk manager. They are available critically low resource constraints. Two main critical points are formed. On the one hand the description of a structure of mass victim and achievement high quality medical triage in complicated setting due to earthquakes is a conceptual medical stage of health risk management. On the other hand it is a main step of medical provision of the population and a step of risk reduction strategy.
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Korstanje, Maximiliano Emanuel, and Babu P. George. "COVID-19 and the End of Hospitality." In Socio-Economic Effects and Recovery Efforts for the Rental Industry, 148–64. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7287-0.ch008.
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The turn of the century has brought many mega threats for the West, such as terrorism, natural disasters, and virus outbreaks including SARS, H1N1, Ebola, and now COVID-19. An invisible micro-organism suddenly paused our progress towards a globally interconnected flat world. We now realize that super-structures driving economic development cannot grow in specific directions without destroying themselves in certain other directions. The precautionary logic suggests the rational planning aided by our technological progress ought to alleviate most of these problems. The manner in which we deal with disasters like COVID-19, however, does not inspire confidence. Application of the precautionary logic did not avert a calamity, and recovery efforts are now guided by some crude forms of post-facto, post-cautionary logical thinking. Tourism as well as hospitality is now in crisis.
Conference papers on the topic "Calamità naturali"
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Kumar, Anish, Arpita Naganur, Nikhil Horakeri, K. Sumant, and Shrinivas D. Desai. "Natural calamity assessment by innovative methods." In 2017 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2017.8126049.
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Garg, Pooja, and Saurabh Kr Srivastava. "Life Detection System during Natural Calamity." In 2016 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology (CICT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cict.2016.125.
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Joseph, Alvin, Vishal Parmar, and V. Bagyaveereswaran. "Design of Human Detection Robot for Natural calamity Rescue Operation." In 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-pact44901.2019.8959959.
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Varela Montoya, Melanny, and Santiago Ruiz Leal. "Estudio del efecto de la calamina en la consistencia normal del cemento." In Nuevas realidades para la educación en ingeniería: currículo, tecnología, medio ambiente y desarrollo. Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2488.
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La problemática universal de disminución de recursos naturales y la contaminación derivada de la producción de materia prima para las construcciones motiva la búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles, como el aprovechamiento de residuos inertes calificados como material de desecho en ciertos procesos industriales. Justamente, en ciertos sectores económicos se generan grandes masas de residuos que suelen arrojarse en lugares que terminan contaminando recursos naturales. En otras empresas, como ejemplo, aquellas dónde trabajan con malla electrosoldada de acero se generan toneladas mensuales de limadura de cascarilla de laminación que conlleva a un gasto de la empresa para su descarte. En este estudio se plantea la evaluación de la consistencia normal y el comportamiento del tiempo de fraguado en mezclas de cemento preparadas con calamina, que es un residuo del proceso posterior a la laminación, de las pasadas por los trenes de laminación de acabado y durante el enfriamiento, en la producción de las mallas. Este material es una película fina, inferior a un milímetro de espesor, dura y superficial formada principalmente por magnetita y por formas cristalinas de protóxido de hierro, de estos componentes nace su característico color gris azulado. La muestra estudiada proviene de la empresa Conaldesa S. A ubicada en el corregimiento de La Dolores en Palmira (Valle del Cauca, Cali). Se realizaron pruebas de consistencia normal en pastas de cemento comparando el comportamiento de mezclas testigo y mezclas preparadas con sustitución del 5% y 10% de calamina. Los resultados muestran que frente a la mezcla testigo se requiere menor cantidad de agua para lograr la consistencia normal, hecho que representa un beneficio ambiental por la reducción en el consumo de agua, que, de igual forma, se traduce en una reducción de costos. Actualmente se continúan los estudios para estimar el comportamiento mecánico de morteros siguiendo estándares para la producción de las mezclas.
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Sawhney, Rapinder, Harshitha Muppaneni, Gewei Zhang, and Hongbiao Yang. "Natural Interaction: A Mechanism for Mistake Proofing Operator’s Errors on Trains." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2448.
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Railroad accidents are not only very expensive but also fatal. National Transportation safety data from 2000–2011 indicate staggering numbers — a total of 141 fatalities and 5118 injuries. Filtering Board’s reports on train accidents in last decade point to 28% of fatalities classified as the driver’s fault. The reports also provide that accidents occurring due to operators’ failure amount to a total of $162 million dollars in revenue loss. Most of the accidents caused by operators occur due to miss communication and less response time along with lack of judgment during a crisis situation. Parameters such as Fatigue, reflexes and alertness can be based on many ergonomic factors. Projecting the path of action in advance can assist operators to recognize calamity ahead and prevent them. Software that can enable operators to get trained in a virtual environment with actual control operations in place would be perfect alternative to prepare them for crisis situation in real world. Available train simulator software represents realistic view of operator cab and allows Operators to recreate conditions similar to that encountered in real world. Current work is aimed at enhancing such software with options that can enable operator to integrate alerts, speed changes along the route and have up-to-date traffic information, signal situations and schedule breaks and assists them to act in consequence and function more efficiently to handle crucial situations. This software can also display information, such as operators own position, and relay systems alerts more efficiently, which eliminates miss-communication of operator and control center due to lack of proper radio signals. This enhancement would act as a natural interaction system which is more specific alternative and effective tool for operators with real time data at their fingertips and act as a support system to enable them make fast and accurate decisions. Implementing this software into present systems, can enable better safety through raising operator awareness under tough environment and enhance their safety, resulting in saving loss of revenue along with reduced fatality rates.
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Hu, Jinqiu, Laibin Zhang, Ronghan Wang, and Qingchun Ma. "Fire Accident Inversion Method Base on STAMP and Topological Network for LNG Depot." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85113.
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Natural Gas is becoming an important energy source option and the capacity of the world to produce it is surging. Natural gas is usually liquefied for shipping and storage. Fire and explosion are among the most dangerous accidents in facilities at LNG Depot; especially pool fire is the most frequent incidents. At the same time the chain of accidents may lead to extremely severe consequences. In order to avoid such calamity a detail study on accident inversion technology is required to save human lives and prohibit the destruction of LNG Depot. In this thesis a topological network based fire accident inversion method for LNG tank fire accident is proposed. Firstly, analyze the LNG depot with the STAMP/STPA method. Then, the topology model of LNG tank fire inversion is established, and the optimal estimator of the shortest path is proposed according to the weighted edge topological network structure, based on which the fire location can be determined. Case study is applied to a LNG Depot. The results show that the position of the fire source calculated by the proposed method is the same as that of the simulated accident by FDS, which proves the feasibility of the method and provides a basis for reducing the fire losses and preventing accidents of LNG.
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Tsai, C. S., Wen-Shin Chen, Shih-Hsien Yu, and Chen-Tsung Yang. "Shaking Table Tests of Critical Equipment With Simple Isolators." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93250.
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Because the earthquake is one kind of non-predictable calamity and happens suddenly, its disaster and consequence are larger than other calamities. Mankind must face not only the emotional effects caused by earthquakes, but also the damage to the structure and substructure systems. The fire, damaged pipeline systems cased by earthquake and the destruction of the semiconductor, equipment or microelectronics in high-tech factories will cause an enormous and a chain of economic losses. Therefore, there is a need of an economical and efficient method to protect equipments from earthquake damage. Namely, in addition to promoting the earthquake-resistant capacity of structures, it is also important to ensure the safety of the expensive equipment and facilities. In this study, it is aimed at developing a new simple isolator with appropriate damping for critical equipment. The basic principle of the simple isolator is to lengthen the natural period of equipment, and simultaneously to reduce the earthquake-induced energy and the displacement of the isolator by additional damping. A series of shaking table tests for critical equipment isolated with simple isolators were carried out in the Department of Civil Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan. From these test results, it is illustrated that the simple isolator can reduce more than 80% responses of accelerations under earthquakes with peak ground acceleration of above 0.450g. Therefore, the simple isolator can be recognized as a feasible and promising way in mitigating the seismic responses of equipment. In addition, the simple isolator possesses enough energy absorbing capacity to reduce its maximum displacement and the restoring force to bring the isolator back to the original position without significant residual displacement.
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Vargek Stilinović, Ana. "THE RISE OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION: IS THERE A (REAL) LEGAL RISK FOR EU BANKING SECTOR?" In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22417.
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Banks had a crucial role in both major crises that hit the globe in the last fifteen years. While they were held responsible for onset of the global financial crisis in 2007, banks, oppositely, greatly contributed in mitigating the negative effects of recent health crisis caused by COVID- 19. The latter calamity showed us that certain natural events can represent significant threat not only to human lives and health but also to financial markets. Apart from pandemic, there is another nature related threat on the financial market horizon – the climate change. Recent actions on EU and international level show that role of the banks in tackling climate change crisis would not be negligible. For decades there were multiple attempts to encourage governments to take bolder measures to combat climate change by signing various international agreements. Nonetheless, only the Paris Agreement, that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission to achieve a climate neutral world by 2050, proved to be a real game changer. Ever since the Agreement entered into force in 2015, there is a continuous and significant rise in climate change litigations. Such litigations are initiated primarily against governments for not reaching the Paris Agreements goals, but also against private sector – notably the emitters of CO2. However, not only are CO2 emitters held personally responsible for environmental damage in legal proceedings conducted, but also other parties that could influence CO2 emissions. Banks can indirectly influence CO2 emission, for example by providing credit lines to carbonintensive sectors. However, this indirect influence of banks to climate change is still not specifically recognized and regulated. Analysis of the climate change litigation landmark cases shows that national jurisdictions do not contain the legal basis for climate change responsibility stricto sensu. This legislative shortcoming is, however, overcome by interpreting legal principles and human rights obligations that arise from various international documents. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to ascertain is there a real climate change litigation risk for EU banks? Could banks, as private entities, be held responsible for contribution to climate change by invoking human rights? If the answer is affirmative, what can banks do in order to mitigate this risk? And finally, according to existing legal framework, are Croatian banks exposed to climate change litigation risk?