Journal articles: 'Cafeteria experiment'

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Burgi, U., M. E. Burgi-Saville, F. Ziegler, L. Krahenbuhl, G. Huber, and C. Schoch. "Food intake, body and heart composition, and heart rate in T3 plus atenolol-treated rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 256, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): E459—E466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.256.4.e459.

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Thyroid hormones and beta-blockers both affect energy balance and the heart. The interaction of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and the beta-blocker atenolol on some cardiac and energy balance parameters was therefore investigated. Stock-fed male Wistar rats (approximately 400 g) received 5 micrograms (expt 1) or 1.5 micrograms (expt 2) T3.100 g body wt-1.day-1 for 3 wk, with or without atenolol. In expt 3, rats were overfed with a "cafeteria" diet before and during the experiment and otherwise treated as in experiment 2. Compared with stock-fed (expt 1 and 2) or overfed (expt 3) controls, T3 caused an increase in food intake in experiments 1 and 2 but not in experiment 3. There was a large loss of body fat in all experiments, disproportionately greater than the body weight loss. Protein loss was significant only in experiment 1 and negligible in cafeteria rats. Heart rate and weight were increased, although heart composition remained unchanged. Atenolol, in a dose that abolished T3-induced tachycardia, did not modify any of the other T3 effects investigated, including the hypertrophy of the heart. These results indicate that T3-induced tachycardia can be abolished by concomitant treatment with a beta-blocker without altering parameters connected with energy balance, whereas protein loss caused by T3 can be attenuated by lowering the dose of T3 used and can be further blunted by dietary manipulation (cafeteria overfeeding).

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LeBlanc, Jacques, Diane Lupien, Pierre Diamond, Marcos Macari, and Denis Richard. "Thermogenesis in response to various intakes of palatable food." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-167.

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Complete energy balance studies were made on groups of overfed (A) and underfed (B) Wistar rats. In experiment A one group was fed cafeteria diet ad libitum (the intake was 29% larger than the control), two other groups were fed the same diet but in restricted quantities (18 and 9% above control), and a fourth group, fed a stock diet, served as control. In experiment B, caloric intake was restricted by 12 and 31% in two groups fed cafeteria diet, and by 21 and 34% in two other groups fed stock diet. The experiments lasted 41 days and during that period the protein gain was comparable between the control and the cafeteria-29% group (643.4 ± 33.3 vs. 578.1 ± 25.0) but the fat gain was significantly different between the two groups (863.2 ± 81.6 vs. 1663.2 ± 99.8 kJ). When energy expenditure (EE) (metabolizable energy less storage added to the cost of storage) is expressed as a percentage of metabolizable energy (ME) intake no significant difference was found among the groups. The average value was [Formula: see text]. This finding would not support the presence of dietary-induced thermogenesis in animals overfed on the cafeteria diet. However, since the obligatory cost associated with storing energy would not explain the higher EE of the overfed groups, it is suggested that the level of ME intake exerts continuous proportional regulatory action on EE and, as a result, energy is spared by underfeeding and it is wasted by overfeeding. Rats fed the cafeteria diet, independent of whether they are overfed or restricted were shown to increase both brown adipose tissue (BAT) protein content and thermogenic capacity in response to norepinephrine. For that reason it is suggested that it is not the caloric content of the diet which affects BAT but instead other factors such as fat content or palatability of the food. The results also suggest that BAT is not directly implicated in the regulatory responses associated with various intakes of food. Indeed in the underfed experiment, although the capacity of the BAT was enhanced in the cafeteria groups, the EE was not different from that of the animals fed the stock diet.

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De Luca, B., M. Monda, M. P. Pellicano, and A. Zenga. "Cortical control of thermogenesis induced by lateral hypothalamic lesion and overeating." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): R626—R633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.4.r626.

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Increased O2 consumption was found in rats after bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or during voluntary overeating. This phenomenon appears to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in both conditions, since it is blocked by the beta-blocker propranolol administration. In the first experiment we showed that the brain cortex is involved in the thermogenesis induced by LH lesion and this effect is mediated by SNS, since bilateral functional decortication induced by cortical-spreading depression (CSD) impaired the increase of O2 consumption to the same extent as administration of propranolol. In the second experiment the role played by the cerebral cortex on thermogenesis in rats during voluntary overeating of "cafeteria" diet and in control rats was investigated. Cafeteria rats showed a significantly higher colonic temperature, brown adipose tissue temperature (Tbat), and rate of O2 consumption than control animals. CSD led to a significant decrease of Tbat and O2 consumption in cafeteria rats but not in controls. On the basis of the results obtained in the two experiments, the possibility that the cerebral cortex could be involved in the metabolic responses for reduction of body weight to the "set-point" is hypothesized.

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Goularte, Jéferson F., Maria B. C. Ferreira, and Gilberto L. Sanvitto. "Effects of food pattern change and physical exercise on cafeteria diet-induced obesity in female rats." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 8 (January 23, 2012): 1511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511006933.

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Obesity affects a large number of people around the world and appears to be the result of changes in food intake, eating habits and physical activity levels. Changes in dietary patterns and physical exercise are therefore strongly recommended to treat obesity and its complications. The present study tested the hypothesis that obesity and metabolic changes produced by a cafeteria diet can be prevented with dietary changes and/or physical exercise. A total of fifty-six female Wistar rats underwent one of five treatments: chow diet; cafeteria diet; cafeteria diet followed by a chow diet; cafeteria diet plus exercise; cafeteria diet followed by a chow diet plus exercise. The duration of the experiment was 34 weeks. The cafeteria diet resulted in higher energy intake, weight gain, increased visceral adipose tissue and liver weight, and insulin resistance. The cafeteria diet followed by the chow diet resulted in energy intake, body weight, visceral adipose tissue and liver weight and insulin sensitivity equal to that of the controls. Exercise increased total energy intake at week 34, but produced no changes in the animals' body weight or adipose tissue mass. However, insulin sensitivity in animals subjected to exercise and the diet was similar to that of the controls. The present study found that exposure to palatable food caused obesity and insulin resistance and a diet change was sufficient to prevent cafeteria diet-induced obesity and to maintain insulin sensitivity at normal levels. In addition, exercise resulted in normal insulin sensitivity in obese rats. These results may help to develop new approaches for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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NADERALI, Ebrahim K., Lucy C. PICKAVANCE, John P. H. WILDING, and Gareth WILLIAMS. "Diet-induced endothelial dysfunction in the rat is independent of the degree of increase in total body weight." Clinical Science 100, no. 6 (May 3, 2001): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1000635.

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A growing number of studies indicate an association between obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disorders, collectively known as Syndrome X. In this study we have aimed to produce a model of Syndrome X by voluntary feeding of Wistar rats with a highly palatable cafeteria diet, and examined its effects on metabolic changes and vascular reactivity of Wistar rats. At the end of the experiment, the cafeteria-diet fed group was divided into two groups of low weight gain (LWG) and high weight gain (HWG). Both LWG and HWG groups had significantly (P < 0.01) higher fat-pad mass than their chow-fed counterparts, while gastrocnemius muscle mass were comparable. All cafeteria-diet fed rats had significantly (P < 0.01) raised plasma triacylglycerol (TG) levels whereas plasma non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and insulin levels were similar between chow-fed and cafeteria-diet fed rats. Vasorelaxation responses to acteylcholine, insulin and sodium nitroprusside were significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated in cafeteria-diet fed animals; however, there were no differences in contractile responses of the mesenteric arteries to noradrenaline or KCl between the groups. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant (P < 0.05) negative association between plasma TG levels and reduction in acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was also significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the amount of fat-pad mass. These data suggest that diet-induced vascular dysfunction can occur in the absence of insulin resistance, and that plasma TGs may have a detrimental effect on vascular reactivity.

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Andersson, Ola, and Lif Nelander. "Nudge the Lunch: A Field Experiment Testing Menu-Primacy Effects on Lunch Choices." Games 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12010002.

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By way of a field experiment conducted at a university cafeteria this paper finds that placing a vegetarian option instead of a meat option at the top of a menu decreases the share of meat dishes sold by 11%. This translates to a 6% decrease of daily emissions due to food sales. Using data on payment method, we find that the result is most likely driven by non-students responding to the nudge.

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Klas, Cynthia Fontoura, Rebeca Loureiro Rebouças, Géssica de Mattos Diosti, Kader Osman, Luiz Felipe Paludo Carmona, Luiz Fernando Kubrusly, and Camila Moraes Marques. "The Effect of Stool Transplantation on Weight Control in Obese Rats." Journal of Coloproctology 41, no. 01 (March 2021): 058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724068.

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Abstract Introduction Obesity is defined as a multifactorial metabolic syndrome in which there is an excessive number of fat cells within the tissues. It is discussed that intestinal microbiota might have a relevant relation with obesity, since it is relevantly altered in obese patients. Objectives To assess the effect of stool transplantation (ST) in the condition of obesity and its outcomes in an experimental model of cafeteria diet by analyzing histology and weight gain. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control (CO), control with antibiotics (CO + ATB), obesity (CAF + ATB), stool transplantation (ATB + ST) and obesity with stool transplantation (CAF + ATB + ST). During the experiment, obesity induction groups received cafeteria diet, whereas the remaining groups had normal diet ad libitum. After 3 months, daily ST was carried out for 8 weeks by gavage procedure. The animals were euthanized, and the small intestine was harvested for further analysis. Results It was observed that before starting the ST, the cafeteria and normal diet groups had significant weight difference (p < 0,0001). In the comparison between CAF + ATB and CAF + ATB + ST during the gavage period, the CAF + ATB + ST group presented lower weight gain (p = 0.0017). The histopathological evaluation show that the ATB + ST group did not present intestinal crypt distortion. Conclusion Cafeteria diet resulted in an expected weight gain. In relation to the ST, it has been shown that the procedure is effective in reducing weekly weight gain. Apparently, there was no induction of disabsortive syndrome in nonobese animals that received ST.

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Lizarraga-Sánchez, H. L., F. J. Solorio-Sánchez, and C. A. Sandoval-Castro. "Voluntary intake of five forage trees in a cafeteria trial." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004889.

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In tropical countries is a common practice to feed cattle with variety of forage trees as supplements. In order to develop adequate strategies for management of trees, an assessment is needed of their potential use (intake) by cattle. Little research has been conducted in this area, and most effort has been focused on single forage evaluation. The objective of this experiment was to assess the preference by cattle of five forage trees. Preference was taken as the voluntary intake of a tree forage offered in a cafeteria trial.

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Zhu, Yan, and Dong Wang. "Leaf Volatiles from Two Corydalis Species Lure A Keystone Seed-dispersing Ant and Enhance Seed Retrieval." Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2726.

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It has been reported that a suit of plant traits can regulate the ant-seed interaction and subsequently affect the seed dispersal. However, the role of plant volatiles in attracting the ants for seed dispersal remains little examined. We used a Y-tube olfactometer to test behavior response of a keystone seed-dispersing ant (Pristomyrmex pungens Mayr) to leaves and seeds of five co-occurring myrmecochorous Corydalis species (C. wilfordii Regel, C. racemosa (Thunberg) Persoon, C. sheareri S. Moore, C. balansae Prain and C. incisa (Thunberg) Persoon). Of the five species, only C. wilfordii and C. racemosa leaves emits heavily volatiles. We also performed seed cafeteria experiments to assess the effect of leaf volatiles from C. racemosa on seed retrieval by presenting simultaneously the seeds near the fresh leaf and the leaf immersed by diethyl ether both in the field and lab. The experiment using Y-tube showed that the ants were only significantly attracted by the fresh leaves of two species, C. wilfordii and C. racemosa. The cafeteria experiments showed that ants spent less time to detect the C. racemosa seeds which were near the fresh leaf, and transported these seeds more quickly. This indicated that the leaf volatiles can function as an attractant for the dispersing ants, and ant preference in turn enhance the seed retrieval. The findings reveal that leaf volatiles can play na important but underestimated role in shaping the ant-seed dispersing interactions.

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Bouaziz, Assia, Amira Leila Dib, Nedjoua Lakhdara, Louiza Kadja, Elena Espigares, Elena Moreno, Omar Bouaziz, and Mohammed Gagaoua. "Study of Probiotic Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Strains on Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters of Rabbits after Obesity Induction." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020131.

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This study aimed first to develop an experimental model of obesity and metabolic syndrome over 14 weeks using a diet called “cafeteria”, which is a high-fat diet, to evaluate its consequences on the biochemical and morphometric parameters in ITELV2006 strain rabbits. Second, the trial aimed to evaluate the effect of two strains of probiotics, these being Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v®, on the obesity and MetS induced during the first experiment. Overall, the results of the “cafeteria” diet demonstrated significant changes in numerous biochemical and morphometric parameters, reproducing obesity and the main clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome in humans. The administration of the two probiotic strains demonstrated an impact on certain parameters of obesity and induced MetS. This study makes it possible to conclude that probiotics could be useful in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome of rabbits, but in a dependent manner. Furthermore, this study evidenced the importance of selecting specific probiotic strains and dosages to achieve desirable results on rabbits or other species.

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Ferreira, Claudio M., Rafael Goldszmidt, and Eduardo B. Andrade. "The short- and long-term impact of an incentive intervention on healthier eating: a quasi-experiment in primary- and secondary-school cafeterias in Brazil." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 09 (March 8, 2019): 1675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000223.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the short- and long-term effectiveness of a lottery incentive intervention to promote the purchase of healthy products in school cafeterias.DesignA quasi-experiment in which students’ purchases in intervention schools were analysed in a pre–post analysis and also compared with a control school in a difference-in-differences model. A hierarchical linear model assessed the mean number of promoted healthy products purchased daily per participant before (twenty-six weekdays), during (nine weekdays) and after (twenty-eight weekdays) the intervention period. Sex, age and prior purchasing behaviour served as covariates.SettingConvenience sample of school cafeterias using a debit-card payment method that allowed for the assessment of students’ purchasing behaviour.ParticipantsStudents who used the pre-paid card to buy snacks at the school cafeteria. A total of 352 students (208 in intervention schools and 144 in control school) were included in the final analyses.ResultsThe incentives programme significantly increased the purchase of promoted healthy products during (v. before) the intervention period in intervention schools (P<0·001), especially among younger children (P=0·036). Among the students who purchased the promoted healthier products during the intervention, there was an increase in total number of purchased products (healthy non-promoted, but also of less healthy products). Sex and past consumption behaviour did not influence the response to incentives in the short term. On average, no long-term effect was observed.ConclusionsLong-term and negative spillover effects must be taken into consideration for a complete understanding of the effects of incentives on healthier eating.

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Traore, Ibrahima, Salimata Pousga, Fernand Sankara, Kalifa Coulibaly, Jacques-Philippe Nacoulma, Marc Kenis, Guy Apollinaire Mensah, and Georges Anicet Ouédraogo. "Étude du comportement alimentaire de la pintade locale (Numida meleagris, L.) à l’Ouest du Burkina-Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i1.13.

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Les asticots représentent une alternative pour faire face à l’inaccessibilité des intrants sources de protéine en aviculture. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser le comportement alimentaire des pintades locales en présence d’asticots séchés et d’autres aliments servis en mode d’assiette anglaise ou cafeteria. Douze pintades adultes ont été individuellement réparties dans un dispositif bloc complètement randomisé à trois traitements (08 h, 12 h et 16 h) et en quatre répétitions. Deux expériences successives ont été conduites. Au cours de la première, les asticots séchés ont été associés aux grains de sorgho et de maïs concassés et servis aux pintades. Pendant la deuxième, un aliment complet a remplacé le maïs. Chaque service de durée 30 min a été suivi d’une distribution de l’aliment complet en deux temps : 01 h 30 min après et pendant la claustration (de 19 h à 07 h 30 min). La consommation journalière individuelle et la proportion de chaque aliment dans la ration ont été déterminées. Les résultats ont montré que les oiseaux préfèrent plus les grains de céréales (entre 95,56% et 98,13%) que les asticots séchés (moins de 5%) servis concurrentiellement avec les céréales. D’autres investigations sont nécessaires pour promouvoir l’utilisation des asticots dans l’aviculture. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots clés: Aviculture traditionnelle, nutrition aviaire, asticots, Bobo Dioulasso English Title: Feeding behaviour of local guinea fowl (Numida meleagris, L.) in western Burkina Faso English Abstract Maggots represent an alternative to deal with the inaccessibility of protein source inputs in poultry farming. The study aimed at analyzing the feeding behaviour of local guinea fowl which received dried maggots and other feeds in cafeteria feeding. Twelve adult guinea fowls were assigned individually in a completely randomized block design with three treatments (08 am, 12 am and 04 pm) and four replications per treatment. Two consecutive experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, dried maggots were choice-fed with sorghum and cracked maize grain and served to guinea fowl. In the second experiment, a complete layer diet replaced the cracked maize. In all treatments, the cafeteria test lasted 30 minutes, followed by a two-step distribution of the complete diet: 01 h 30 min after and during the confinement at night (from 07 pm to 07:30 am). The daily individual consumption and the proportion of each food in the ration were determined. The results showed that birds prefer cereal grains (between 95.56% and 98.13%) more than dried maggots (less than 5%) served concurrently with cereals. Further investigations are needed to promote the use of maggots in poultry farming. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Traditional poultry farming, avian nutrition, maggots, Bobo-Dioulasso

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Hsu, Chien-Yeh, Po-Chun Huang, Jyun-De Liang, Yuan-Ching Chiang, and Sih-Li Chen. "The in-situ experiment of earth-air heat exchanger for a cafeteria building in subtropical monsoon climate." Renewable Energy 157 (September 2020): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.009.

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Sussman, Reuven, Matthew Greeno, Robert Gifford, and Leila Scannell. "The Effectiveness of Models and Prompts on Waste Diversion: A Field Experiment on Composting by Cafeteria Patrons." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 43, no. 1 (December 20, 2012): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00978.x.

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Svensson, A. M., C. Hellerström, and L. Jansson. "Diet-induced obesity and pancreatic islet blood flow in the rat: a preferential increase in islet blood perfusion persists after withdrawal of the diet and normalization of body weight." Journal of Endocrinology 151, no. 3 (December 1996): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1510507.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diet-induced obesity on pancreatic islet blood perfusion in normal Wistar rats. Furthermore, we investigated to what extent any obesity-associated changes in islet blood flow could be reversed after reversion to a normal diet with normalization of body weight. Young adult female Wistar rats were offered a palatable mixed high-caloric diet (cafeteria diet) in addition to standard pelleted chow. Age-matched control rats received standard pelleted chow only. After 4 weeks the diet-treated rats had a body weight of approximately 15% more than that of the controls. All diet-treated rats had decreased glucose tolerance and increased serum insulin concentrations, but basal blood glucose concentrations were similar in anesthetized diet-treated and control rats. Whole pancreatic and islet blood flow rates were measured with a microsphere technique. The islet blood flow as well as fractional islet blood flow were increased (P<0·01) in rats fed the cafeteria diet, while blood perfusion of the whole pancreas was similar to that of the control rats. In a second experiment, rats received the cafeteria diet for 4 weeks and were then fed standard pelleted food alone for another 3 weeks, while controls received standard diet for 7 weeks. After this period total body weight, retroperitoneal fat pad weight and glucose tolerance were similar to those of the controls. Whole pancreatic blood flow was unchanged as compared with that of control rats. However, both islet blood flow (P<0·01) and fractional blood flow (P<0·01) were increased. We conclude that diet-induced obesity in rats is associated with decreased glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and a specific increase in absolute and fractional islet blood perfusion. This increase persists for at least 3 weeks after the diet is withdrawn despite normalization of body weight and glucose tolerance. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 151, 507–511

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Pérez de Heredia, Garaulet, Puy Portillo, and Zamora. "Resistance to Dietary Obesity in Rats Given Different High-Energy Diets." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 76, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.76.5.271.

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Susceptibility to dietary obesity was studied in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to different high-energy diets. Experiment 1: female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed chow (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (n = 12) for 22 weeks. Experiment 2: Wistar rats were fed chow or a high-fat diet, and Sprague-Dawley rats were given chow, high-fat, sweet condensed milk, or cafeteria diets, for eight weeks (6 animals per group). Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Adipose tissue was collected from periovarian, mesenteric, and subcutaneous regions and adipocytes were isolated and measured. Both strains showed similar energy intake and body weight gain. Wistar rats reached greater final body fat contents than Sprague-Dawley rats, regardless of the type of diet. However, resistance to dietary obesity was found in 100% of cases in both experiments. None of the diets succeeded in increasing body fat accumulation when compared to control groups. All adipose tissue locations were equally unaffected, with periovarian fat cells being larger than those in mesenteric and subcutaneous regions in all the groups. In view of the strong resistance to obesity observed in rats, it should be important for researchers to transmit the difficulties of inducing dietary obesity in these animals, in order to prevent bias in science interpretation.

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Nath, Somendra, Sandeep Kumar, and Suresh Kumar Kannaujiya. "Effect of different weed control methods to yield of lowland transplanted rice in the Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2016): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.9.

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An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014 at crop cafeteria form of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jaunpur to assess the effect of different weed control methods to yield of low land rice (Oryza sativa L.). Weed competition will reduce rice yield. It has been conducted from 15 June 2014 until October 2014 with variety Pusa Sugandha-5 (It is non basmati variety but aromatic) nursery was done on 15 June and 23 days old seedling were transplanted. The experiment laid out using Randomized Block design with five treatments (A = unweed control (Weedy check), B = manual weeding (Two hand weeding), C = herbicide containing Penoxulam + Cyhalofop- butyl, D = Bispyribac sodium, and E = 2, 4 D + Methyl metsulfuron). The results showed that weed control using herbicides containing Bispyribac sodium and 2.4 D + Methyl metsulfuron showed similar results as manual weed control on rice yield. The maximum weed index was observed in weedy check plots.

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Tomar, Amit, and D. K. Upadhyay. "Genetic Divergence Analysis in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 4, no. 01 (June 26, 2019): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2019.4.1.18.

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An experiment involving 45 genotypes/strains of mungbean was conducted during kharif 2018 at University Farm (Crop Cafeteria) of Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University (RLBCAU), Jhansi in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Data were recorded and analyzed for 10 characters viz.; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g). All the forty five genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters using D2 statistics. Cluster-I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII had 8, 5, 4, 5, 13, 2 and 8 genotypes, respectively. The greatest inter cluster distance (297.39) was between cluster-II and cluster-V.

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Nascimento Filho, Marcos Antonio, Raquel Tatiane Pereira, Ana Beatriz Santos de Oliveira, Diana Suckeveris, Alvaro Mario Burin Junior, Thiago de Araújo Mastrangelo, Diego Vicente da Costa, and José Fernando Machado Menten. "Cafeteria-Type Feeding of Chickens Indicates a Preference for Insect (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae Meal." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040627.

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This study aimed to determine whether broiler chickens display a preference for Tenebrio molitor larvae (TM) meal by evaluating ingredient acceptability and birds’ performance. Sixty 14-day-old male chickens were assigned into two treatment groups (5 birds/pen, n = 6) in a cafeteria-type study: the control (C) group, and the TM group. Each pen was equipped with one bell drinker and four through feeders allocated side by side; all feeders of the C group contained a complete standard diet whereas each feeder of the TM group contained one of the following ingredients: ground corn, extruded semi-whole soybean, vitamin-mineral supplement mixture, and TM meal. Feed intake was recorded daily and growth was monitored periodically up to day 32. Chickens which had access to individual feed components showed a delay to display preference for TM, but consumed, overall, up to 50% of the total intake as TM meal. Feed intake and growth performance were lower in all periods for TM group (p < 0.02), whereas feed conversion ratio was improved on days 22–28 and days 29–32 of age (p < 0.01). Data from bivariate and multidimensional analysis indicate that birds started to reach a balance of ingredient intake at 25 days of age, showing a high correlation between consumption of each ingredient and the day of the experiment. Chickens exhibited a preference for T. molitor meal, resulting in improved feed efficiency, which allows us to conclude that it can be a suitable feed alternative for poultry.

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Cademartori, Cristina Vargas, Fernanda Souza Silva, Luana da Silva Guimarães, and Susana de Oliveira Junges. "Cafeteria experiment with Akodon montensis Thomas, 1913 (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from a remnant of semideciduous seasonal forest in Southern Brazil." Biodiversity International Journal 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/bij.2018.02.00064.

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Steinwandter, Michael, and Julia Seeber. "The buffet is open: Alpine soil macro-decomposers feed on a wide range of litter types in a microcosm cafeteria experiment." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 144 (May 2020): 107786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107786.

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Denton, D., M. McBurnie, F. Ong, P. Osborne, and E. Tarjan. "Na deficiency and other physiological influences on voluntary Na intake of BALB/c mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): R1025—R1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.6.r1025.

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BALB/c mice exhibited a small hedonic intake of 0.3 M NaCl, which was not influenced by change from high to low salt diet or by withholding access to NaCl solution for 1 day. Sodium deficiency produced by furosemide injection consistently caused a highly significant increase in sodium intake. Sodium deficiency was corrected rapidly over 10 min. The appetite was specific for sodium in a cafeteria experiment and was exhibited by naive animals on the first experience of sodium deficiency and subsequent access to salt. The appetite was significantly related to the extent of body deficit, but overdrinking proportionate to initial deficit was characteristic. No increase in sodium intake occurred with repeated experience of sodium deficit. Water deprivation caused a subsequent increase of sodium intake. Total deprivation of food for 48 h caused a large sustained increase of sodium intake, but reduction of food intake by 40% did not influence sodium appetite.

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Gibert-Ramos, Albert, Anna Crescenti, and M. Salvadó. "Consumption of Cherry out of Season Changes White Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Morphology to a Phenotype Prone to Fat Accumulation." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081102.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the consumption of cherry out of its normal harvest photoperiod affects adipose tissue, increasing the risk of obesity. Fischer 344 rats were held over a long day (LD) or a short day (SD), fed a standard diet (STD), and treated with a cherry lyophilizate (CH) or vehicle (VH) (n = 6). Biometric measurements, serum parameters, gene expression in white (RWAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues, and RWAT histology were analysed. A second experiment with similar conditions was performed (n = 10) but with a cafeteria diet (CAF). In the STD experiment, Bmal1 and Cry1 were downregulated in the CHSD group compared to the VHSD group. Pparα expression was downregulated while Ucp1 levels were higher in the BAT of the CHSD group compared to the VHSD group. In the CAF-fed rats, glucose and insulin serum levels increased, and the expression levels of lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in RWAT were downregulated, while the adipocyte area increased and the number of adipocytes diminished in the CHSD group compared to the VHSD group. In conclusion, we show that the consumption of cherry out of season influences the metabolism of adipose tissue and promotes fat accumulation when accompanied by an obesogenic diet.

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Bennison, Clifford, J. Anthony Friend, Timothy Button, Harriet Mills, Cathy Lambert, and Roberta Bencini. "Potential impacts of poison baiting for introduced house mice on native animals on islands in Jurien Bay, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 43, no. 1 (2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15126.

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Context House mice (Mus domesticus) are present on Boullanger and Whitlock islands, Western Australia, and could potentially threaten populations of the dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) and grey-bellied dunnart (Sminthopsis griseoventer) through competition for resources. A workshop in 2007 recommended a study to assess the feasibility of eradicating house mice from the islands by using poison baits and of the risk posed to non-target native species. Aim We aimed to assess the risk to non-target native species if poison baiting was used to eradicate house mice on Boullanger and Whitlock islands. Methods Non-toxic baits containing the bait marker rhodamine B were distributed on Boullanger Island and on the mouse free Escape Island to determine the potential for primary poisoning. Acceptance of baits by mammals was measured through sampling and analysis of whiskers, and by reptiles through observations of dye in faeces. To determine the potential for secondary exposure to poison, the response of dibblers to mouse carcasses was observed using motion-activated cameras. Bait acceptance was compared using two methods of delivery, namely, scattering in the open and delivery in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes. A cafeteria experiment of bait consumption by dibblers was also undertaken using captive animals held at the Perth Zoo. Ten dibblers were offered non-toxic baits containing rhodamine B in addition to their normal meals; consumption of bait and the presence of dye in whiskers were measured. Key results Bait acceptance on the islands was high for house mice (92% of individuals) and dibblers (48%) and it was independent of bait-delivery technique. There was no evidence of bait acceptance by grey-bellied dunnarts. Dibblers may consume mice carcasses if available; however, no direct consumption of mice carcasses was observed with movement sensor cameras but one dibbler was observed removing a mouse carcass and taking it away. During the cafeteria experiment, 9 of 10 captive dibblers consumed baits. Conclusions This investigation demonstrated that dibblers consume baits readily and island populations would experience high mortality if exposed to poison baits. Poison baiting could effectively eradicate mice from Boullanger and Whitlock islands but not without mortality for dibblers. Implications Toxic baits could be used to eradicate mice from Boullanger and Whitlock islands, provided that non-target species such as dibblers were temporarily removed from the islands before the application of baits.

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Walgren, M. C., and T. L. Powley. "Effects of intragastric hyperalimentation on pair-fed rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 248, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): R172—R180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1985.248.2.r172.

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The present study was undertaken to determine the relative contributions of altered metabolic responses and excess food intake to the obesity and hyperinsulinemia of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) syndrome. This experiment, employing an intragastric hyperalimentation protocol, was also designed to address the related issue of whether altered energy utilization serves as a compensatory strategy for reducing energy retention in the face of excess intake. Separate groups of VMH-lesioned and sham-lesioned female rats were fed, either orally or intragastrically, up to 200% of the calories ingested by a normally feeding intact rat. Both VMH-lesioned and intact rats became obese and hyperinsulinemic when hyperalimented for 30 days, but rats with lesions deposited 25% more fat than intact animals receiving an identical number of calories. Estimates of total carcass energy indicated that rats with lesions required 11% less calories than intact rats to retain identical levels of energy. Furthermore, intact hyperalimented rats failed to evidence the caloric wastage that has been reported to occur in orally fed rats that overeat cafeteria diets.

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Winneke, Axel H., Michael Schulte, Matthias Vormann, and Matthias Latzel. "Effect of Directional Microphone Technology in Hearing Aids on Neural Correlates of Listening and Memory Effort: An Electroencephalographic Study." Trends in Hearing 24 (January 2020): 233121652094841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216520948410.

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The aim of the study was to compare the effect of different spatial noise-processing algorithms in hearing aids on listening effort and memory effort on a subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological level using electroencephalography (EEG). Two types of directional microphone (DM) technologies for spatial noise processing were chosen: one with a wide directionality (wide DM) and another with a narrower directionality (narrow DM) to accentuate the speech source. Participants with a severe hearing loss were fitted with hearing aids and participated in two EEG experiments. In the first one, participants listened to sentences in cafeteria noise and were asked to rate the experienced listening effort. The second EEG experiment was a listening span task during which participants had to repeat sentence material and then recall the final words of the last four sentences. Subjective listening effort was lower with narrow than wide DM and EEG alpha power was reduced for the narrow DM. The results of the listening span task indicated a reduction in experienced memory effort and better memory performance. During the memory retention phase, EEG alpha level for the narrow relative to the wide DM was reduced. This effect was more pronounced during linguistically difficult sentences. This study extends previous findings, as it reveals a benefit for narrow DM in terms of cognitive performance and memory effort also on a neural level, and when speech intelligibility is almost 100%. Together, this indicates that a narrow and focused DM allows for a more efficient neurocognitive processing than a wide DM.

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Pons, Zara, Maria Margalef, Francisca I. Bravo, Anna Arola-Arnal, and Begoña Muguerza. "Chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuates the development of hypertension and improves other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 2 (January 28, 2017): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004426.

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AbstractThe effects of grape-seed polyphenols against the development of hypertension and other cardiometabolic conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, known as the cafeteria (CAF) diet. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed standard (STD) or CAF diets for 12 weeks. The CAF diet-fed rats were administered different doses of a low-molecular-weight grape-seed polyphenol extract (LM-GSPE) (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg per d) or vehicle daily, and the STD diet-fed rats were administered LM-GSPE (100 mg/kg per d) or vehicle using ten animals per group. Body weight (BW), waist perimeter (WP) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) by the tail-cuff method were recorded weekly. The animals were housed in metabolic chambers every 2 weeks to estimate daily food and liquid intakes and to collect faeces and urine samples. The plasma lipid profile was analysed at time 0 and on the 4th, 7th, 10th and 12th weeks of the experiment. Moreover, plasma leptin was measured at the end of the experiment. Results demonstrated that LM-GSPE, when administered with the CAF diet, attenuated the increase in BP, BW, WP and improved lipid metabolism in these animals. However, although the 25- and 100-mg/kg per d doses were sufficient to produce beneficial effects on BP and lipid metabolism, a 200-mg/kg per d dose was necessary to have an effect on BW and WP. The present findings suggest that LM-GSPE is a good candidate for a BP-lowering agent that can also ameliorate other conditions associated with the MetS.

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Wu, Mei-Yi, Jia-Hong Lee, and Chuan-Ying Hsueh. "A Framework of Visual Checkout System Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Bento Buffet." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082627.

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In recent years, the technology of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots is rapidly spreading to countries around the world. More and more scholars and industry experts have proposed AI deep learning models and methods to solve human life problems and improve work efficiency. Modern people’s lives are very busy, which led us to investigate whether the demand for Bento buffet cafeterias has gradually increased in Taiwan. However, when eating at a buffet in a cafeteria, people often encounter two problems. The first problem is that customers need to queue up to check out after they have selected and filled their dishes from the buffet. However, it always takes too much time waiting, especially at lunch or dinner time. The second problem is sometimes customers question the charges calculated by cafeteria staff, claiming they are too expensive at the checkout counter. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an AI-enabled checkout system. The AI-enabled self-checkout system will help the Bento buffet cafeterias reduce long lineups without the need to add additional workers. In this paper, we used computer vision and deep-learning technology to design and implement an AI-enabled checkout system for Bento buffet cafeterias. The prototype contains an angle steel shelf, a Kinect camera, a light source, and a desktop computer. Six baseline convolutional neural networks were applied for comparison on food recognition. In our experiments, there were 22 different food categories in a Bento buffet cafeteria employed. Experimental results show that the inception_v4 model can achieve the highest average validation accuracy of 99.11% on food recognition, but it requires the most training and recognition time. AlexNet model achieves a 94.5% accuracy and requires the least training time and recognition time. We propose a hierarchical approach with two stages to achieve good performance in both the recognition accuracy rate and the required training and recognition time. The approach is designed to perform the first step of identification and the second step of recognizing similar food images, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve a 96.3% accuracy rate on our test dataset and required very little recognition time for input images. In addition, food volumes could be estimated using the depth images captured by the Kinect camera, and a framework of visual checkout system was successfully built.

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David, Aditi, Abhilash Kumar Tripathi, and Rajesh Kumar Sani. "Acetate Production from Cafeteria Wastes and Corn Stover Using a Thermophilic Anaerobic Consortium: A Prelude Study for the Use of Acetate for the Production of Value-Added Products." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030353.

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Efficient and sustainable biochemical production using low-cost waste assumes considerable industrial and ecological importance. Solid organic wastes (SOWs) are inexpensive, abundantly available resources and their bioconversion to volatile fatty acids, especially acetate, aids in relieving the requirements of pure sugars for microbial biochemical productions in industries. Acetate production from SOW that utilizes the organic carbon of these wastes is used as an efficient solid waste reduction strategy if the environmental factors are optimized. This study screens and optimizes influential factors (physical and chemical) for acetate production by a thermophilic acetogenic consortium using two SOWs—cafeteria wastes and corn stover. The screening experiment revealed significant effects of temperature, bromoethane sulfonate, and shaking on acetate production. Temperature, medium pH, and C:N ratio were further optimized using statistical optimization with response surface methodology. The maximum acetate concentration of 8061 mg L−1 (>200% improvement) was achieved at temperature, pH, and C:N ratio of 60 °C, 6, 25, respectively, and acetate accounted for more than 85% of metabolites. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of using acetate-rich fermentate (obtained from SOWs) as a substrate for the growth of industrially relevant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, which can convert acetate into higher-value biochemicals.

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Veraart, Annelies J., Bart A. Nolet, Frank Rosell, and Peter P. de Vries. "Simulated winter browsing may lead to induced susceptibility of willows to beavers in spring." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 12 (December 2006): 1733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-177.

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Browsing may lead to an induced resistance or susceptibility of the plant to the herbivore. We tested the effect of winter browsing by Eurasian beavers ( Castor fiber L., 1758) on food quality of holme willows ( Salix dasyclados Wimm.) in and after the following growth season. Shrubs were pruned in February, and new shoots from these (cut) shrubs were compared with those of untreated (uncut) ones in May and November. The shoots were analysed for dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fibre, and total phenolics. In May, the leaves from the cut treatment had a better food quality (more water, more nitrogen, and less phenolics) than those from the uncut one. There was in part also a systemic response, with lower total phenolics in both the cut and untreated parts of pruned shrubs (uncut–cut) than in the uncut shrubs. In November, we did not find significant differences in biochemistry of bark among cut, uncut, or uncut–cut treatments. These results are in accordance with a cafeteria experiment in the field: in May the beavers preferred shoots from the cut treatment, but in November they showed no preference. The results suggest that willows invest in compensatory growth rather than a defence response early in the regrowing phase.

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Shigemura, Atsushi, Yuki Ishikawa, Jun Miura, and Junji Satake. "An RT Component for Simulating People Movement in Public Space and its Application to Robot Motion Planner Development." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 1 (February 20, 2012): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0165.

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This paper describes a software module for simulating “people movement” in public space such as shopping centers and cafeterias. We decompose people movement into global and local, and make a model of each of them. Global movement corresponds to following a route from a current position to a destination. In local movement, a person moves toward the next subgoal while avoiding surrounding persons and obstacles. We also model behavior specific to a cafeteria, such as queuing and searching for unoccupied seats. We implement these simulation algorithms in a simulator RT component, that can be used easily for development of robot motion planners, which are also realized as RT components. Various simulation experiments show the effectiveness of the simulation algorithms and the simulator RT component.

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Close, Dugald C., Giuseppe Messina, Siegfried L. Krauss, Deanna P. Rokich, Jennifer Stritzke, and Kingsley W. Dixon. "Conservation biology of the rare species Conospermum undulatum and Macarthuria keigheryi in an urban bushland remnant." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 6 (2006): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05205.

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We evaluated the utility of a focussed, short-duration research program for investigation of two rare species that occur within an urban bushland remnant, with application for improving conservation management and translocation outcomes. Conospermum undulatum Lindl. is listed as Threatened and Macarthuria keigheryi Lepschi is listed as Vulnerable under the (Australian) Federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The C. undulatum population lacked evidence of juvenile plants, indicating either lack of a suitable germination cue or failure of seedling establishment. The M. keigheryi population was browsed heavily by feral rabbits where exposed and thrived when sheltered within unpalatable vegetation from rabbits. Seeds of M. keigheryi were rapidly removed in an ant cafeteria-style experiment, although seeds of the related Macarthuria australis and an ‘outgroup’ species, Gompholobium tomentosum, were removed at equally high rates. Seed viability was high in M. keigheryi, but variable in C. undulatum. Germination rates, in untreated fresh seed, were 11% for C. undulatum and 0% for M. keigheryi and increased to 27 and 3%, respectively, when treated with gibberellic acid. Maximum strike rates for cuttings of 33 and ~75% were obtained for C. undulatum and M. keigheryi, respectively. Cutting-grown plants of M. keigheryi flowered and seeded profusely in the nursery within 7 months, providing a highly effective seed-orchard resource for research and conservation seed banking. Genetic fingerprinting (AFLP) indicated that the C. undulatum population at Perth Airport was not genetically distinct from nearby C. undulatum populations, despite its relatively high variability in leaf morphology. All C. undulatum populations contained moderate to high levels of genetic variation, with the percentage of AFLP markers polymorphic ranging from 48.6 to 64.9%, and heterozygosity from 0.167 to 0.202. Overall, the knowledge gained from this program of short duration will enable informed management and will underpin successful population enhancement through future translocations.

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Prats, E., M. Monfar, J. Castellà, R. Iglesias, and M. Alemany. "Energy intake of rats fed a cafeteria diet." Physiology & Behavior 45, no. 2 (February 1989): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(89)90128-5.

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Su, Rong Jun. "Study on Different Advanced Oxidations of Cafeteria Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 1326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.1326.

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KMnO4 was selected as oxidizers for the oxidation and degradation of cafeteria wastewater. The treatment effects were evaluated by the changes of COD and BOD5 parameters. Orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the processing conditions based on the single affected factor. The optimized controlling conditions for KMnO4 treatment process were KMnO4=0.3 mmol/L, pH=2, reaction time=60 minutes respectively. The COD removal ratios using KMnO4, ClO2, Fenton reagent treatment were 26%, 55% and 82% respectively. It showed that of Fenton was highest. But after its oxidation, it created other refractory substance and the produced sludge was also difficult to settle down. When using ClO2, the pH in process is closer to neutral, thus saved large quantity of acid. The treatment using KMnO4 showed there was little refractory precipitation, but its COD removal was too low.

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Luijten, Ineke H. N., Helena M. Feldmann, Gabriella von Essen, Barbara Cannon, and Jan Nedergaard. "In the absence of UCP1-mediated diet-induced thermogenesis, obesity is augmented even in the obesity-resistant 129S mouse strain." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 316, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): E729—E740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00020.2019.

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The attractive tenet that recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) could counteract the development of obesity and its comorbidities in humans has been experimentally corroborated mainly by experiments demonstrating that UCP1-ablated mice on a C57Bl/6 background (exempt from thermal stress) become more obese when fed a high-fat diet. However, concerns may be raised that this outcome of UCP1 ablation is restricted to this very special inbred and particularly obesity-prone mouse strain. Therefore, we have examined to which degree UCP1 ablation has similar metabolic effects in a mouse strain known to be obesity resistant: the 129S strain. For this, male 129S2/sv or 129SV/Pas mice and corresponding UCP1-knockout mice were fed chow or a high-fat or a cafeteria diet for 4 wk. The absence of UCP1 augmented obesity (weight gain, body fat mass, %body fat, fat depot size) in high-fat diet- and cafeteria-fed mice, with a similar or lower food intake, indicating that, when present, UCP1 indeed decreases metabolic efficiency. The increased obesity was due to a decrease in energy expenditure. The consumption of a high-fat or cafeteria diet increased total BAT UCP1 protein levels in wild-type mice, and correspondingly, high-fat diet and cafeteria diet-fed mice demonstrated increased norepinephrine-induced oxygen consumption. There was a positive correlation between body fat and total BAT UCP1 protein content. No evidence for diet-induced adrenergic thermogenesis was found in UCP1-ablated mice. Thus, the obesity-reducing effect of UCP1 is not restricted to a particular, and perhaps not representative, mouse strain.

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Pérez-Harguindeguy, Natalia, Sandra Díaz, Fernanda Vendramini, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Diego E. Gurvich, and Marcelo Cabido. "Leaf traits and herbivore selection in the field and in cafeteria experiments." Austral Ecology 28, no. 6 (November 24, 2003): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01321.x.

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Durben, Rachel M., Faith M. Walker, Liza Holeski, Arthur R. Keith, Zsuzsi Kovacs, Sarah R. Hurteau, Richard L. Lindroth, Stephen M. Shuster, and Thomas G. Whitham. "Beavers, Bugs and Chemistry: A Mammalian Herbivore Changes Chemistry Composition and Arthropod Communities in Foundation Tree Species." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070877.

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The North American beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl) and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) are foundation species, the interactions of which define a much larger community and affect a threatened riparian habitat type. Few studies have tested the effect of these interactions on plant chemistry and a diverse arthropod community. We experimentally examined the impact of beaver foraging on riparian communities by first investigating beaver food preferences for one cottonwood species, Fremont cottonwood (P. fremontii S. Watson), compared to other locally available woody species. We next examined the impact of beaver foraging on twig chemistry and arthropod communities in paired samples of felled and unfelled cottonwood species in northern Arizona (P. fremontii) and southwestern Colorado (narrowleaf cottonwood, P. angustifolia James, and Eastern cottonwood, P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall). Four major patterns emerged: (1) In a cafeteria experiment, beavers chose P. fremontii six times more often than other woody native and exotic species. (2) With two cottonwood species, we found that the nitrogen and salicortin concentrations were up to 45% greater and lignin concentration 14% lower in the juvenile resprout growth of felled trees than the juvenile growth on unfelled trees (six of seven analyses were significant for P. fremontii and four of six were significant for P. angustifolia). (3) With two cottonwood species, arthropod community composition on juvenile branches differed significantly between felled and unfelled trees, with up to 38% greater species richness, 114% greater relative abundance and 1282% greater species diversity on felled trees (six of seven analyses with P. fremontii and four of six analyses with P. angustifolia were significant). The above findings indicate that the highest arthropod diversity is achieved in the heterogenous stands of mixed felled and unfelled trees than in stands of cottonwoods, where beavers are not present. These results also indicate that beaver herbivory changes the chemical composition in 10 out of 13 chemical traits in the juvenile growth of two of the three cottonwood species to potentially allow better defense against future beaver herbivory. (4) With P. deltoides, only one of five analyses in chemistry was significant, and none of the four arthropod community analyses were significant, suggesting that this species and its arthropod community responds differently to beaver. Potential reasons for these differences are unknown. Overall, our findings suggest that in addition to their impact on riparian vegetation, other mammals, birds, and aquatic organisms, beavers also may define the arthropod communities of two of three foundation tree species in these riparian ecosystems.

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Vangoori, Yakaiah, Anusha Dakshinamoorthi, and S. Kavimani. "Effect of Myristica Fragrans Extract on Lipid Profile, Glucose, Body Weight, Food Intake, Liver and Renal Functions in Experimental Obese Rats." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1688.

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The effect of the ethanolic extract of Myristica fragrans was evaluated on cafeteria diet induced body weight, glucose and lipid elevations in albino rats. 30 rats were taken randomly and divided into five groups and six each. Group-1 normal control and Group 2-5 were give cafeteria diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity and treatment period was 10 weeks. After 70 days of treatment, the extract, at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg, significantly reduced the body weight, glucose and lipid levels (p < 0.001) dose dependently. The standard drug Orlistat at 50mg/kg effectively prevented the body weight, glucose and lipid levels when compared with control and test groups. With these observations and previous data, the study concludes that Myristica fragrans extract can stimulate AMP-Kinase enzyme system and can reduce glucose and lipid concentrations. This may be useful for obesity treatment.

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Lladó, I., C. Picó, A. Palou, and A. Pons. "Protein and amino acid intake in cafeteria fed obese rats." Physiology & Behavior 58, no. 3 (September 1995): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(95)00081-s.

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Su, Rong Jun, Peng Wang, and Li Ming Jiang. "Study on Advanced Oxidation of Cafeteria Wastewater Using Fenton Reagent." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.1322.

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Fenton reagent was selected as oxidizers for the oxidation and degradation of cafeteria wastewater. The treatment effects were evaluated by the changes of COD and BOD5 parameters. The effects of Fenton reagent ratio, dosage of FeSO4•7H2O and pH value on wastewater treatment under normal temperature and pressure were investigated, the oxidation regularity is initially discovered as well. Orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the processing conditions based on the single affected factor. The optimized controlling conditions for Fenton reagent treatment process is FeSO4•7H2O=1mmol/L, pH=3, H2O2/Fe2+=3.5:1, reaction time=60min. With Fenton reagent treatment the COD removal ratio was raised up to 94%. Compared with biological process, it saved land occupation and was more suitable for regions which lacked of land space.

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Berry, Kenneth J., and Paul W. Mielke. "Longitudinal Analysis of Data with Multiple Binary Category Choices." Psychological Reports 93, no. 1 (August 2003): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.127.

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In many experiments, subjects mark all categories that apply when responding to a cafeteria or multiple-response question. One exact and two approximate permutation methods are described to analyze binary answers to multiple-response questions in longitudinal experimental designs, wherein the same or matched subjects respond to the same multiple-response question over two or more trials. The described methods provide probabilities, under the null hypothesis, that the multiple binary responses do not differ over trials.

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Esteve, Montserrat, Immaculada Rafecas, JoséAntonio Fernández-López, Xavier Remesar, and Marià Alemany. "Effect of a cafeteria diet on energy intake and balance in Wistar rats." Physiology & Behavior 56, no. 1 (July 1994): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(94)90262-3.

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Gimenez-Donoso, Carlos, Marc Bosque, Anna Vila, Gemma Vilalta, and Manel M. Santafe. "Effects of a Fat-Rich Diet on the Spontaneous Release of Acetylcholine in the Neuromuscular Junction of Mice." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103216.

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Western societies are facing a clear increase in the rate of obesity and overweight which are responsible for musculoskeletal pain. Some of the substances described in the environment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are the same as those found in the skeletal muscle of obese people, such as cytokines. Furthermore, elevated neuromuscular neurotransmission has been associated with MTrPs. The main objective of this study is to assess whether obesity or overweight may be a facilitator of myofascial pain. The experiments were performed on male Swiss mice. One experimental group was given a typical “cafeteria” diet and another group a commercial high-fat diet for six weeks. Intramuscular adipocytes were assessed with Sudan III. The functional study was performed with electromyographic recording to determine the plaque noise and intracellular recording of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). The intake of a cafeteria diet showed the presence of more adipocytes in muscle tissue, but not with the fat-supplemented diet. Both experimental groups showed an increase in the plaque noise and an increase in the frequency of MEPPs that lasted several weeks after interrupting diets. In summary, the supply of a hypercaloric diet for six weeks in mice increases spontaneous neurotransmission, thus facilitating the development of MTrPs.

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LaPointe, Leonard L., Sam Po Law, and Anthony P.-H. Kong. "Effects of cafeteria noise on generative naming: Cross-cultural differences." Brain and Language 99, no. 1-2 (October 2006): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2006.06.072.

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Gomez-Smith, Mariana, Sudhir Karthikeyan, Matthew S. Jeffers, Rafal Janik, Lynsie A. Thomason, Bojana Stefanovic, and Dale Corbett. "A physiological characterization of the Cafeteria diet model of metabolic syndrome in the rat." Physiology & Behavior 167 (December 2016): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.029.

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Zhou, X., J. De Schepper, D. De Craemer, M. Delhase, G. Gys, J. Smitz, and EL Hooghe-Peters. "Pituitary growth hormone release and gene expression in cafeteria-diet-induced obese rats." Journal of Endocrinology 159, no. 1 (October 1, 1998): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590165.

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In human obesity as well as in rat obesity models a decrease in spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion has been a constant finding. The presence of a decreased pituitary GH synthesis in diet-induced obese male rats was investigated and its possible relationship with obesity-related changes in peripheral hormones was analyzed. Cafeteria-diet-overfed obese male Wistar rats with body fat percentage above 30% had a significantly decreased pituitary GH mRNA transcript level assessed by both Northern blot and in situ hybridization, and a lower pituitary GH protein level as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. The GH transcript level correlated negatively with the serum leptin and positively with the IGF-I concentration. No differences in circulating tri-iodothyronine, non-fasting insulin and corticosterone levels were found between overfed and control rats. GH release by cultured pituitary cells from overfed rats was comparable to that by cells prepared from control rats. In contrast, incubation of normal pituitary cells with serum from overfed rats for 3 days gave a significantly lower GH release than after incubation with serum from non-obese rats. In conclusion, cafeteria-diet-induced obese male Wistar rats have a decreased pituitary GH gene expression and a modifiable GH release in in vitro experiments. A possible role for peripheral circulating factors, like leptin and IGF-I, in decreasing the pituitary GH synthesis and release in obese rats is discussed.

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Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Syed, Shrey Tambe, Yahya Mohzari, Ahmed Alrashed, Hamdan Najib Alajami, Awad Othman Aljohani, Abdullah Ali Al Mushtawi, et al. "Anti-obesity potential of almond (Prunus dulcis) in experimental animals under cafeteria and atherogenic diets." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 7 (July 2021): 4062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.024.

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Kaul, RajReni B., Andrew M. Kramer, Fred C. Dobbs, and John M. Drake. "Experimental demonstration of an Allee effect in microbial populations." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2016): 20160070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0070.

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Microbial populations can be dispersal limited. However, microorganisms that successfully disperse into physiologically ideal environments are not guaranteed to establish. This observation contradicts the Baas-Becking tenet: ‘Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects’. Allee effects, which manifest in the relationship between initial population density and probability of establishment, could explain this observation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that small populations of Vibrio fischeri are subject to an intrinsic demographic Allee effect. Populations subjected to predation by the bacterivore Cafeteria roenbergensis display both intrinsic and extrinsic demographic Allee effects. The estimated critical threshold required to escape positive density-dependence is around 5, 20 or 90 cells ml −1 under conditions of high carbon resources, low carbon resources or low carbon resources with predation, respectively. This work builds on the foundations of modern microbial ecology, demonstrating that mechanisms controlling macroorganisms apply to microorganisms, and provides a statistical method to detect Allee effects in data.

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Ibrahima, TRAORÉ, POUSGA Salimata, SANKARA Fernand, ZONGO Zoram Gouda, COULIBALY Kalifa, NACOULMA Jacques-Philippe, KENIS Marc, and OUÉDRAOGO Georges Anicet. "Influence des larves séchées de mouches domestiques (Musca domestica, L.) sur la prise alimentaire du poulet local (Gallus domesticus, L.) au Burkina Faso." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 45, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 7884–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v45-2.2.

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Cette étude a été réalisée afin d’appréhender les préférences alimentaires des poulets locaux nourris au choix en présence des asticots séchés, dans le but de promouvoir l’utilisation des larves de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica, L.) comme source de protéine animale dans l’alimentation de la volaille locale. Pour ce faire, un essai a été réalisé durant 6 semaines avec 54 poulets locaux âgés de 18 mois. Ces oiseaux ont été pesés et répartis de façon aléatoire en trois traitements représentant les périodes de la journée pendant lesquelles un test de cafeteria a été conduit (08 h, 12 h et 15 h). Les aliments étaient constitués d’asticots séchés, de grains de maïs concassés et d’un aliment complet ponte, servis dans des mangeoires différentes au même moment. Chaque test de cafeteria durait 30 mn au cours desquelles une observation directe et un film étaient effectués. Les consommations alimentaires individuelles, la proportion de chaque type d’aliment dans la ration et les caractéristiques des œufs ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont montré des consommations moyennes d’asticots séchés de 5,23 ± 2,59 g MS/individu/jour pour les traitements de 12 h, de 4,68 ± 1,81 g MS/individu/jour pour les groupes de 08 h et de 4,60 ± 1,67 g MS/individu/jour pour le traitement de 15 h. Concernant les caractéristiques des œufs, les valeurs numériques du poids moyen, du jaune d’œuf ainsi que la coloration du jaune ont été légèrement supérieures au niveau du traitement de 12 h comparativement aux autres. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les asticots sont appréciés par les poulets et beaucoup plus à midi. De tels résultats, mis à la disposition des aviculteurs, leurs permettront de cibler la période propice pour une complémentation efficiente en protéines et de réduire les charges liées à l’acquisition des intrants protéiques inaccessibles en milieu traditionnel. Traoré et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (2): 7884-7899 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-2.2 7885 Influence of dried fly larvae (Musca domestica, L.) on the food intake of local chicken (Gallus domesticus, L.) in Burkina Faso. ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the feeding behaviour of local chickens choice-fed with different feed including dried maggots. The objective is to promote the use of Musca domestica larvae as animal source protein in traditional poultry feeding in Burkina Faso. Feeding experiments were done with 54 local chickens aged 18 months old, over six weeks. The birds were weighed and randomly divided into three treatment groups representing the time of the day the cafeteria trial was conducted. These times were 08 am, 12 noon and 03 pm. The choices offered in the cafeteria trial were dried fly larvae, cracked maize grains and a balanced layers’ diet, given in separated feeders. Each cafeteria test lasted 30 minutes during which direct observation and filming were done. The total individual feed intake, the proportion of each cafeteria feed to the total individual feed intake and egg characteristics were determined. The average dried maggot’s consumption at 12 noon (5.23 ± 2.59 g DM/individual/day) was significantly higher than the amount consumed at 08 am (4.68 ± 1.81 g DM/individual/day) and 03 pm (4.60 ± 1.67 g DM/individual/day) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was seen between treatments concerning egg parameters. However, the numerical values for average egg weight, yolk weight and yolk color were slightly higher in the group tested at 12 noon compared to the other treatments. The study shows that maggots are preferred by the chickens, and seem to be well preferred at noon. These results will allow poultry farmers to target the right time for efficient supplementation using dried fly larvae and contributing to reduce the cost linked to the acquisition of protein inputs that are traditionally inaccessible.

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LaPointe, Leonard L., Julie A. G. Stierwalt, Brett E. Kemker, Gary R. Heald, and Rachel Whittington. "Generative naming in aphasia during conditions of quiet and cafeteria noise distraction." Brain and Language 95, no. 1 (October 2005): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.07.131.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cafeteria experiment'

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