Journal articles: 'Cafeteria diets'

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Reynés, Bàrbara, Estefanía García-Ruiz, Andreu Palou, and Paula Oliver. "The intake of high-fat diets induces an obesogenic-like gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is reverted by dieting." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (April 15, 2016): 1887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001173.

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AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are increasingly used for nutrigenomic studies. In this study, we aimed to identify whether these cells could reflect the development of an obesogenic profile associated with the intake of high-fat (HF) diets. We analysed, by real-time RT-PCR, the dietary response of key genes related to lipid metabolism, obesity and inflammation in PBMC of control rats, rats fed a cafeteria or a commercial HF diet and rats fed a control diet after the intake of a cafeteria diet (post-cafeteria model). Cafeteria diet intake, which resulted in important overweight and related complications, altered the expressions of most of the studied genes in PBMC, evidencing the development of an obesogenic profile. Commercial HF diet, which produced metabolic alterations but in the absence of noticeably increased body weight, also altered PBMC gene expression, inducing a similar regulatory pattern as that observed for the cafeteria diet. Regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1a) mRNA expression was of special interest; its expression reflected metabolic alterations related to the intake of both obesogenic diets (independently of increased body weight) even at an early stage as well as metabolic recovery in post-cafeteria animals. Thus, PBMC constitute an important source of biomarkers that reflect the increased adiposity and metabolic deregulation associated with the intake of HF diets. In particular, we propose an analysis of Cpt1a expression as a good biomarker to detect the early metabolic alterations caused by the consumption of hyperlipidic diets, and also as a marker of metabolic recovery associated to weight loss.

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Silva, Valdemar Guedes da, Fabrício Cesar de Paula Ravagnani, Allan da Mata Godois, Odashiro Maçanori, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, Celso Massaschi Inouye, and Christianne de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani. "Physical training at sub-threshold intensity reduces the prevalence of hepatic steatosis after high-fat diet in rats." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 21, no. 1 (March 2015): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000100002.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of swimming physical training with sub-threshold load on the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Wistar rats fed high-fat diets (cafeteria or baru). After 2 months of cafeteria diet administration, the rats were separated into 6 groups: Sedentary or Trained Baru diet; Sedentary or Trained Cafeteria diet; Sedentary or Trained standard diet. The trained groups were subjected to swimming exercise at sub-threshold intensity (2% of body weight) during 8 weeks, 5x/week, 1h/day. The body weight and hepatohistological changes were analyzed. Sedentary groups fed high-fat diets presented higher body weight gain when compared to control trained group. The swimming training at the proposed intensity was able to prevent the hepatic steatosis in rats fed high-fat diets.

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Schimmel, R. J., L. McCarthy, and K. K. McMahon. "cAMP metabolism and lipolysis in brown adipocytes of hamsters consuming a cafeteria diet." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 248, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): E224—E229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.2.e224.

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Feeding animals cafeteria diets causes increased sympathetic activity to brown adipose tissue and this is believed to be responsible for the concomitant activation of thermogenesis. Because chronic catecholamine stimulation in other systems leads to a desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors, we examined lipolysis and cAMP production in brown adipocytes of hamsters eating cafeteria diets for evidence of diminished beta-adrenergic responses. Basal cAMP levels were similar in chow- and cafeteria-fed hamsters. However, adipocytes from overfed animals formed less cAMP in response to isoproterenol than those of control animals. Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was similarly decreased in membrane preparations from cafeteria-fed hamsters. However, when the diterpene forskolin was used, equal amounts of cAMP were formed in cells and membrane preparations from control and overfed animals. In contrast to the reduced responses of the cAMP system to isoproterenol stimulation observed in overfed hamsters, isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was greater in cells from overfed animals than in cells from control animals. These results are consistent with a desensitization of the adenylate cyclase system in brown adipocytes occurring during chronic hyperphagia. Because eating cafeteria diets has been reported to increase sympathetic activity to brown fat depots, the apparent desensitization of brown adipocytes observed in this study may result from a persistent stimulation of the brown fat with norepinephrine in vivo. Our data also suggest the existence of mechanisms that preserve lipolysis in the face of low cAMP levels.

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Petry, Clive J., Susan E. Ozanne, Chun Li Wang, and C. Nicholas Hales. "Early Protein Restriction and Obesity Independently Induce Hypertension in 1-Year-Old Rats." Clinical Science 93, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0930147.

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1. Recent studies have revealed a link between fetal and early post-natal growth retardation and the development of features of the insulin resistance syndrome in later life. Obesity is also a strong risk factor for this syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess whether maternal and early protein restriction, which causes growth retardation, and obesity are risk factors that are independent for the development of certain features of the insulin resistance syndrome, especially hypertension. 2. Pregnant Sprague—Dawley rats were given either 20% or 8% protein isocaloric diets throughout pregnancy and lactation. Female offspring were weaned onto the same diets as their mothers and they remained on these diets until 70 days of age. Half the rats were then given standard laboratory chow, whilst the remainder were fed a highly palatable cafeteria-style diet. Rats were maintained on these diets for the remainder of the study. 3. Rats given the 8% protein diet remained physically lighter than comparable animals fed the 20% protein diet throughout the study. In contrast, cafeteria-fed rats showed excessive weight gain. At 1 year of age the rats had their systolic blood pressures and fasting lipids measured, as well as undergoing an intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test. 4. Cafeteria-fed rats had worse glucose tolerances than controls and hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The early 8% protein rats had significantly increased blood pressures, as did the cafeteria-fed rats. These increases were additive, suggesting that early protein restriction, and later obesity, are indeed independent risk factors for the development of hypertension.

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Rothwell, Nancy J., and Michael J. Stock. "Influence of environmental temperature on energy balance, diet-induced thermogenesis and brown fat activity in ‘cafeteria’-fed rats." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860092.

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1. Young male rats were fed on a pelleted stock diet or a variety of palatable food items (‘cafeteria’ diet) and housed at 24° or 29°.2. ‘Cafeteria’ feeding at the lower temperature stimulated energy intake, gain and expenditure, but reduced energetic efficiency such that over 70% of the excess intake was expended.3. Housing at 29° suppressed intake and expenditure in animals on both diets, but to a greater extent in ‘cafeteria’-fed rats and energetic efficiency was greater than control values at this higher temperature.4. The thermogenic capacity of brown fat (mitochondrial purine nucleotide binding) was increased by ‘cafeteria’ feeding, but was suppressed in animals kept at 29°.5. The results demonstrate that diet-induced thermogenesis is inhibited by high environmental temperatures.

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de Macedo, Isabel Cristina, Joice Soares de Freitas, and Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres. "The Influence of Palatable Diets in Reward System Activation: A Mini Review." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7238679.

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The changes in eating patterns that have occurred in recent decades are an important cause of obesity. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by a complex neural system involving the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system (gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones). Highly palatable and caloric food disrupts appetite regulation; however, palatable foods induce pleasure and reward. The cafeteria diet is such a palatable diet and has been shown consistently to increase body weight and induce hyperplasia in animal obesity models. Moreover, palatable high-fat foods (such as those of the cafeteria diet) can induce addiction-like deficits in brain reward function and are considered to be an important source of motivation that might drive overeating and contribute to the development of obesity. The mechanism of neural adaptation triggered by palatable foods is similar to those that have been reported for nondrug addictions and long-term drug use. Thus, this review attempts to describe the potential mechanisms that might lead to highly palatable diets, such as the cafeteria diet, triggering addiction, or compulsion through the reward system.

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Palacios-Jordan, Héctor, Miguel Z. Martín-González, Manuel Suárez, Gerard Aragonès, Begoña Muguerza, Miguel A. Rodríguez, and Cinta Bladé. "The Disruption of Liver Metabolic Circadian Rhythms by a Cafeteria Diet Is Sex-Dependent in Fischer 344 Rats." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041085.

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Circadian rhythms are ~24 h fluctuations of different biological processes that are regulated by the circadian clock system. They exert a major influence on most of the metabolism, such as the hepatic metabolism. This rhythmicity can be disrupted by obesogenic diets, fact that is considered to be a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, obesogenic diets do not affect both genders in the same manner. We hypothesized that the circadian rhythms disruption of the hepatic metabolism, caused by obesogenic diets, is gender-dependent. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were fed either a standard diet or a cafeteria diet and sacrificed at two different moments, at zeitgeber 3 and 15. Only female rats maintained the circadian variations of the hepatic metabolism under a cafeteria diet. Most of those metabolites were related with the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis, such as choline, betaine or phosphatidylcholine. Most of these metabolites were found to be increased at the beginning of the dark period. On the other hand, male animals did not show these time differences. These findings suggest that females might be more protected against the circadian disruption of the hepatic metabolism caused by a cafeteria diet through the increase of the VLDL synthesis at the beginning of the feeding time.

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Bailey, C. J., P. R. Flatt, P. Kwasowski, C. J. Powell, and V. Marks. "Immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide and K cell hyperplasia in obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice fed high fat and high carbohydrate cafeteria diets." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 2 (June 1986): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120224.

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Abstract. The effect of diet composition on plasma and intestinal concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and intestinal K cell density was examined in obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. The mice were reared from 3 to 11 weeks of age on either stock diet, a high fat (HF) cafeteria diet or a high carbohydrate (HC) cafeteria diet. The HF cafeteria diet increased the concentration of GIP in plasma (75%) and in the intestine (118%) and increased the density (54%) of GIP-secreting K cells in the upper jejunum compared with the stock diet. Plasma and intestinal GIP concentrations were not significantly altered by the HC cafeteria diet, although the density of K cells in the upper jejunum was increased (45%). The extent of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in ob/ob mice was not significantly altered by the HF and HC cafeteria diets. The results indicate that an increased amount of dietary fat chronically stimulates the production and secretion of GIP, and enhances intestinal K cell density in ob/ob mice.

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Subias-Gusils, Alex, Adam Álvarez-Monell, Noemi Boqué, Antoni Caimari, Roger Mariné-Casadó, Rosa M. Escorihuela, and Montserrat Solanas. "Effects of a Calorie-Restricted Cafeteria Diet and Oleuropein Supplementation on Adiposity and mRNA Expression of Energy Balance Related Genes in Obese Male Rats." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020147.

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Supplementation with natural bioactive compounds has been proposed to be a complementary tool to the calorie-restricted diets and physical exercise programs used to tackle human overweight, obesity and Metabolic syndrome. Herein, we evaluated the effects of 14 weeks of calorie-restricted cafeteria diet either alone or combined with oral administration of the polyphenol oleuropein in obese adult male rats, compared with a control group fed standard chow and a group fed cafeteria diet. Animals were sacrificed at the age of 26 weeks and several tissues of interest were removed. The results showed that both dietary interventions reduced the adiposity index (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and specifically the abdominal fat depots (mesenteric: p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively; and epididymal: both diets p < 0.001) and restored the decreased soleus skeletal muscle mass. Both interventions decreased leptin mRNA expression in mesenteric white adipose tissue (p < 0.05) and normalized hypothalamic Agrp mRNA expression compared to cafeteria-fed obese rats (p < 0.05). However, only the calorie-restricted cafeteria diet supplemented with oleuropein induced additional lower retroperitoneal adipose accretion (p < 0.05) and increased hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Experiments with female animals, at different doses and longer intervention periods, are needed to better determine the potential benefits of this dietary treatment.

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Salvadö, J., T. Segués, M. Alemany, and L. L. Arola. "Effects of lactation on circulating plasma metabolites in ‘cafeteria-fed’ rats." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 1 (January 1986): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860017.

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1. The effects of ‘cafeteria feeding’ on primiparous Wistar rats during lactation have been studied by measuring circulating levels of glucose, amino acids, lactate, urea and ammonia as well as glycogen levels in liver and muscle.2. No significant changes in glucose levels were observed despite alterations in blood glucose compartmentation.3. Compared with controls, the dams given the cafeteria diet had higher liver glycogen stores which were more easily mobilized at the peak of lactation.4. Rats given the cafeteria diet showed a lower amino acid utilization than controls and adequately maintained circulating levels, as determined by the lower circulating levels of ammonia and urea.5. No significant differences in body-weight were observed in the period studied despite increasing dam weight after weaning in the cafeteria-fed group.6. The size of pups of cafeteria-fed dams was greater than that of controls, and the differences were marked after weaning, when the metabolic machinery of the cafeteria pup maintained high protein accretion and body build-up using fat as the main energy substrate characteristic of the preweaning stage. The controls, however, changed to greater utilization of amino acids as an energy substrate and adapted to high-protein (low- biological-quality) diets with a significantly different pattern of circulating nitrogen distribution.

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Marques, Any De Castro Ruiz, Gabrielle Cristine Gabbiatti, Ângela Andréia França Gravena, and Valéria Do Amaral. "Influência das Dietas Hipercalóricas sobre os Parâmetros de Obesidade, Dislipidemia e Hiperglicemia em Ratos." Saúde e Pesquisa 8, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/1983-1870.2015v8n1p55-62.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo induzir dietas hipercalóricas em ratos para promover a obesidade e verificar seus níveis bioquímicos, relacionando-os com ratos alimentados por dieta padrão. Foram utilizados 30 ratos, pesando entre 250 e 300 g. Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos: Dieta Padrão (SD) e Dieta Cafeteria (CD). Após 30 dias, os grupos foram divididos em: SD, Dieta Plus (PD) e CD. Em 30 e 60 dias, realizaram-se as dosagens bioquímicas. Os animais foram pesados, medidos e realizaram-se os Índices de Lee e a análise macroscópica da gordura visceral. Os valores de peso, circunferência, tamanho e Índice de Lee, aumentaram nos animais da PD em 30 e 60 dias de dieta. Os parâmetros bioquímicos em 30 dias aumentaram os níveis de colesterol total e HDL do grupo SD em relação à PD e CD. Em 60 dias o colesterol total e HDL sofreram uma diminuição. Os níveis de glicose em 30 dias aumentaram em relação aos grupos da PD e CD. Na análise macroscópica da gordura visceral, o grupo PD apresentou alteração visível em relação à SD. Ao induzir dietas em animais, estes apresentaram respostas diferentes através do metabolismo e do tempo de indução da dieta. Influence of Hypercaloric Diets on the Parameters of Obesity, Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Rats ABSTRACT: Hypercaloric diets were induced in rats to trigger obesity and analyze their biochemical levels. The rats were then compared with others fed on standard rations. Thirty rats, weighing 250-300 g, were used and divided into two groups: Standard Diet (SD) and Cafeteria Diet (CD). After 30 days, the groups were divided into SD, Diet Plus (PD) and CD; and biochemical tests were undertaken after 30 and 60 days. The animals were weighed, measured and the Lee Index and the microscopic analysis of visceral fat were taken. Weight, circumference, size and Lee Index increased in PD animals after 30 and 60 days of diet. In 30 days the chemical parameters increased total cholesterol and HDL levels of group SD when compared to PD and CD. Total cholesterol and HDL decreased after 60 days. Glucose levels increased after 30 days when compared to groups PD and CD. Group PD had a clear change in the microscopic analysis of visceral fat when compared to SD. Induced diet in animals had different reactions due to metabolism and induction time.

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Rumsey, David, and Amir Shafat. "Gastrointestinal transit adaptation to low- and high-fat cafeteria diets." Biochemical Society Transactions 26, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst026s189.

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Bendimerad-Benmokhtar, Soraya, Samira Bouanane, Hafida Merzouk, Fatima Zohra Baba Ahmed, and Asme Bendaoud. "Effects of Nannochloropsis Fed on Serum and Tissue Lipids Metabolism in Obese Offspring of Overfed Dams." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401313666171004153311.

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Background: The present work aims at determining the effects of maternal-diet-induced obesity on offspring metabolism. The short-term of a marine microalgae diet and its effects on lipids metabolism was investigated. Method: Before gestation, some rats are fed control diet and others cafeteria diet. Moreover, two groups of dams were fed standard and cafeteria diets, and two other groups were fed the same diets but containing 10% of microalgae. This feeding started at gestation, and continued throughout parturition, lactation until their offspring's weaning age. Results: Cafeteria diet was shown to increase the body weight and visceral obesity, with aberration in lipid metabolism. The results obtained show that the microalgae diet supplement induces a significant decrease in the maternal body weight and relative adipose tissue weight, plasma glucose and lipid levels, liver-triglyceride (TG) and adipose tissue-TG at parturition and at the end of lactation. Also, the addition of the microalgae in both males and female offspring fed dams at birth and weaning showed significant decrease in body weight, liver-TG whereas significant increase in TG-HDL. Conclusion: In the end, it was noted that the incorporation of 10% of microalgae has a beneficial effect on body weight and lipid metabolism.

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Bayrasheva, V. K., I. Y. Pchelin, A. E. Egorova, V. N. Vasilkova, and O. V. Kornyushin. "EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ALIMENTARY OBESITY IN RATS." Juvenis Scientia, no. 9-10 (2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2019.09-10.02.

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Among existing genetic and non-genetic models of obesity, the most widely used are the models of diet-induced obesity in rodents due to their relatively easy reproducibility and similarities to human pathogenesis of obesity. Within this review, we provide the analysis of diet-induced obesity models in rats, highlight attractive strengths as well as disadvantages of high-fat diets, fat or sugar choice diets, “cafeteria diets”, and “western diet”. Potential obesogenic mechanisms of the discussed models are analyzed. The directions of further studies required for an increase in reproducibility of experimental diet-induced obesity are proposed.

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Park, Sohyun, and Jounghee Lee. "‘When operating a cafeteria, sales come before nutrition’ – finding barriers and facilitators to serving reduced-sodium meals in worksite cafeterias." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 8 (September 30, 2015): 1506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002827.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study was conducted to examine barriers to and facilitators of serving reduced-sodium meals (RSM) in worksite cafeterias.DesignWe conducted in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in food catering companies.SettingFood catering companies at various customer sites in South Korea.SubjectsA total of nineteen interviews with twenty-five participants from ten catering companies were conducted. Sixteen on-site dietitians and nine managers from the catering companies’ headquarters participated in the interviews.ResultsFour main themes emerged from the interviews. First, key stakeholders’ psychosocial characteristics (perception, intention and knowledge) are important in serving RSM in worksite cafeterias. Second, skills and techniques related to measuring sodium content and preparing RSM were emphasized by the interviewees. Third, the lack of various delicious low-sodium menus is a barrier to serving RSM. Lastly, a number of environmental factors were addressed, which include social support for reduced-sodium diets (a facilitator) and pressure to maintain profit margins (a barrier), that contribute to serving meals with less salt. Based on these factors, various recommendations for future sodium reduction policies and programmes were suggested.ConclusionsIt is important to implement population-wide sodium reduction as a means of preventing CVD and stroke. The study provided important facilitators of and barriers to serving RSM in worksite cafeterias, which could be helpful in developing environmental interventions that promote low-sodium diets.

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Garnett, Emma E., Andrew Balmford, Chris Sandbrook, Mark A. Pilling, and Theresa M. Marteau. "Impact of increasing vegetarian availability on meal selection and sales in cafeterias." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 42 (September 30, 2019): 20923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907207116.

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Shifting people in higher income countries toward more plant-based diets would protect the natural environment and improve population health. Research in other domains suggests altering the physical environments in which people make decisions (“nudging”) holds promise for achieving socially desirable behavior change. Here, we examine the impact of attempting to nudge meal selection by increasing the proportion of vegetarian meals offered in a year-long large-scale series of observational and experimental field studies. Anonymized individual-level data from 94,644 meals purchased in 2017 were collected from 3 cafeterias at an English university. Doubling the proportion of vegetarian meals available from 25 to 50% (e.g., from 1 in 4 to 2 in 4 options) increased vegetarian meal sales (and decreased meat meal sales) by 14.9 and 14.5 percentage points in the observational study (2 cafeterias) and by 7.8 percentage points in the experimental study (1 cafeteria), equivalent to proportional increases in vegetarian meal sales of 61.8%, 78.8%, and 40.8%, respectively. Linking sales data to participants’ previous meal purchases revealed that the largest effects were found in the quartile of diners with the lowest prior levels of vegetarian meal selection. Moreover, serving more vegetarian options had little impact on overall sales and did not lead to detectable rebound effects: Vegetarian sales were not lower at other mealtimes. These results provide robust evidence to support the potential for simple changes to catering practices to make an important contribution to achieving more sustainable diets at the population level.

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Sabater, David, Silvia Agnelli, Sofía Arriarán, José-Antonio Fernández-López, María del Mar Romero, Marià Alemany, and Xavier Remesar. "Altered Nitrogen Balance and Decreased Urea Excretion in Male Rats Fed Cafeteria Diet Are Related to Arginine Availability." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/959420.

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Hyperlipidic diets limit glucose oxidation and favor amino acid preservation, hampering the elimination of excess dietary nitrogen and the catabolic utilization of amino acids. We analyzed whether reduced urea excretion was a consequence of higherNOx; (nitrite, nitrate, and other derivatives) availability caused by increased nitric oxide production in metabolic syndrome. Rats fed a cafeteria diet for 30 days had a higher intake and accumulation of amino acid nitrogen and lower urea excretion. There were no differences in plasma nitrate or nitrite.NOxand creatinine excretion accounted for only a small part of total nitrogen excretion. Rats fed a cafeteria diet had higher plasma levels of glutamine, serine, threonine, glycine, and ornithine when compared with controls, whereas arginine was lower. Liver carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I activity was higher in cafeteria diet-fed rats, but arginase I was lower. The high carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase activity and ornithine levels suggest activation of the urea cycle in cafeteria diet-fed rats, but low arginine levels point to a block in the urea cycle between ornithine and arginine, thereby preventing the elimination of excess nitrogen as urea. The ultimate consequence of this paradoxical block in the urea cycle seems to be the limitation of arginine production and/or availability.

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Kabasakal Çetin, Arzu, Tuǧba Alkan Tuğ, Atila Güleç, and Aslı Akyol. "Effects of maternal taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites and fetal growth and development in cafeteria diet fed rats." PeerJ 9 (June 3, 2021): e11547. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11547.

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Background Maternal obesity may disrupt the developmental process of the fetus during gestation in rats. Recent evidence suggests that taurine can exert protective role against detrimental influence of obesogenic diets. This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal cafeteria diet and/or taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites, fetal growth and development. Methods Female Wistar rats were fed a control diet (CON), CON supplemented with 1.5% taurine in drinking water (CONT), cafeteria diet (CAF) or CAF supplemented with taurine (CAFT) from weaning. After 8 weeks all animals were mated and maintained on the same diets during pregnancy and lactation. Results Dietary intakes were significantly different between the groups. Both CAF and CAFT fed dams consumed less water in comparison to CON and CONT dams. Taurine supplementation only increased plasma taurine concentrations in CONT group. Maternal plasma adiponectin concentrations increased in CAF and CAFT fed dams compared to CON and CONT fed dams and there was no effect of taurine. Hyperleptinemia was observed in CAF fed dams but not in CAFT fed dams. Malondialdehyde was significantly increased only in CAF fed dams. Litter size, sex ratio and birth weight were similar between the groups. There was an increase in neonatal mortality in CONT group. Discussion This study showed that maternal taurine supplementation exerted modest protective effects on cafeteria diet induced maternal obesity. The increased neonatal mortality in CONT neonates indicates possible detrimental effects of taurine supplementation in the setting of normal pregnancy. Therefore, future studies should investigate the optimal dose of taurine supplementation and long term potential effects on the offspring.

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Auer, Matthias K., Markus Sack, Jenny N. Lenz, Mira Jakovcevski, Sarah V. Biedermann, Claudia Falfán-Melgoza, Jan Deussing, et al. "Effects of a High-Caloric Diet and Physical Exercise on Brain Metabolite Levels: A Combined Proton MRS and Histologic Study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 4 (January 7, 2015): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.231.

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Excessive intake of high-caloric diets as well as subsequent development of obesity and diabetes mellitus may exert a wide range of unfavorable effects on the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that one mechanism in this context is the promotion of neuroinflammation. The potentially harmful effects of such diets were suggested to be mitigated by physical exercise. Here, we conducted a study investigating the effects of physical exercise in a cafeteria-diet mouse model on CNS metabolites by means of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS). In addition postmortem histologic and real-time (RT)-PCR analyses for inflammatory markers were performed. Cafeteria diet induced obesity and hyperglycemia, which was only partially moderated by exercise. It also induced several changes in CNS metabolites such as reduced hippocampal glutamate (Glu), choline-containing compounds (tCho) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA)+ N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAG) (tNAA) levels, whereas opposite effects were seen for running. No association of these effects with markers of central inflammation could be observed. These findings suggest that while voluntary wheel running alone is insufficient to prevent the unfavorable peripheral sequelae of the diet, it counteracted many changes in brain metabolites. The observed effects seem to be independent of neuroinflammation.

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L. E. Mballa, Dorothee, Fanta S. A. Yadang, Armelle D. Tchamgoue, Jean R. Mba, Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha, Emmanuel M. Biang, Alembert T. Tchinda, Désiré P. Djomeni Dzeufiet, and Gabriel A. Agbor. "Cafeteria Diet-Induced Metabolic and Cardiovascular Changes in Rats: The Role of Piper nigrum Leaf Extract." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5585650.

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Background. Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive body fat accumulation (obesity) that could cause metabolic and cardiovascular changes and even death. The increase in prevalence over time and the failure in treatment options make obesity a real public health problem. The present study assessed the preventive effect of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the Piper nigrum leaf on the development of metabolic and cardiovascular changes in cafeteria diet fed Wistar rats. Methods. Thirty-six male rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: a normal control group (Nor.), a negative control group (Neg.), two groups administered different doses of extract in mg/kg (E250 and E500), and a group administered atorvastatin 10 mg/kg (Ator., reference drug). The animals were fed with experimental diets (standard and cafeteria) for a period of 5 weeks. Food and water intake were assessed daily, and the body weight assessed weekly. At the end of the feeding, plasma lipid profile and markers of hepatic and renal function were assessed. Furthermore, the relative weights of the adipose tissue and the organs were assessed. The liver, kidneys, and heart homogenates were assessed for markers of oxidative stress while the aorta was histopathologically examined. Results. Cafeteria diet-induced weight gain of 30% and increased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of more than 50%. Equally, an increase in the relative weight of accumulated adipose tissues of more than 90%, oxidative stress, and alteration in the organ structure were visible in cafeteria diet fed rats (Neg). Treatment with P. nigrum extract significantly prevented weight gain, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and alteration in the architecture of the aorta. The effect of P. nigrum extract was comparable to that of the reference drug. Conclusion. Piper nigrum leaf may prevent weight gain and possess cardioprotective activity with a strong antioxidant activity.

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Buyukdere, Yucel, Atila Gulec, and Asli Akyol. "Cafeteria diet increased adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats." PeerJ 7 (April 5, 2019): e6656. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6656.

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Background Dietary intervention studies in animal models of obesity are crucial to elucidate the mechanistic effects of specific nutrients and diets. Although several models of diet induced obesity have been examined in rodents to assess obesity, there are few studies that have researched influence of different high fat and/or westernized diets. The aim of this study was to compare a high fat diet and a cafeteria diet on obesity related biochemical and physiological parameters in young male rats. Methods Five week old Wistar male rats were fed a control chow diet (C), butter-based high fat diet (HF) or cafeteria diet (CAF) for twelve weeks. In HF, 40% of energy came from fat and this ratio was 46% in CAF. CAF composed of highly energetic and palatable human foods along with chow diet. At the end of the feeding protocol all animals were culled using CO2 asphyxia and cervical dislocation after an overnight fasting. Results Total energy and fat intake of CAF was significantly higher than C and HF. CAF was more effective in inducing obesity, as demonstrated by increased weight gain, Lee index, fat depot weights and total body fat in comparison to C and HF. Despite increased adiposity in CAF, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were similar between the groups. Plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were markedly higher in CAF than C and HF. Discussion We have demonstrated that there are differential effects of high fat diet and cafeteria diet upon obesity and obesity-related parameters, with CAF leading to a more pronounced adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. Future studies should consider the varied outcomes of different diet induced obesity models and development of a standardized approach in similar research practices.

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Rodgers, Arthur R., and Martin C. Lewis. "Diet selection in Arctic lemmings (Lemmus sibericus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus): food preferences." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-174.

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Testing of hypotheses relating lemming population dynamics to their food supply requires a detailed understanding of several major components of the diet selection process such as requirements, availability, preference, and selectivity. In this study, food preferences of Arctic lemmings were determined in cafeteria trials: Lemmus preferred graminoids and moss, while Dicrostonyx preferred shrubs and herbs. The stability of these preference patterns in each species was tested in further experimental cafeteria trials. Individuals of both species were pretreated on one of several diets, and two main types of trial were conducted involving limited and unlimited availability of test foods. Naive animals of both species, born and raised in captivity on artificial diets, were also used in the trials. In all cases, preference patterns in each species were maintained, suggesting that they are strongly heritable. Comparison of preference indices to the physical and chemical characteristics of tundra plants indicates that preference patterns in both species are related primarily to macronutrients and caloric content. Differences between Lemmus and Dicrostonyx are determined by secondary compounds and the physical characteristics of the plant species preferred by each. Comparison of ingestion rates and digestibility coefficients indicate that Dicrostonyx has a greater capacity than Lemmus in dealing with the negative characteristics of plants, such as secondary compounds or the presence of plant "hairs."

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Subias-Gusils, Alex, Adam Álvarez-Monell, Noemí Boqué, Antoni Caimari, Josep M. Del Bas, Roger Mariné-Casadó, Montserrat Solanas, and Rosa M. Escorihuela. "Behavioral and Metabolic Effects of a Calorie-Restricted Cafeteria Diet and Oleuropein Supplementation in Obese Male Rats." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 4474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124474.

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Diet-induced obesity models are widely used to investigate dietary interventions for treating obesity. This study was aimed to test whether a dietary intervention based on a calorie-restricted cafeteria diet (CAF-R) and a polyphenolic compound (Oleuropein, OLE) supplementation modified sucrose intake, preference, and taste reactivity in cafeteria diet (CAF)-induced obese rats. CAF diet consists of high-energy, highly palatable human foods. Male rats fed standard chow (STD) or CAF diet were compared with obese rats fed CAF-R diet, alone or supplemented with an olive tree leaves extract (25 mg/kg*day) containing a 20.1% of OLE (CAF-RO). Biometric, food consumption, and serum parameters were measured. CAF diet increased body weight, food and energy consumption and obesity-associated metabolic parameters. CAF-R and CAF-RO diets significantly attenuated body weight gain and BMI, diminished food and energy intake and improved biochemical parameters such as triacylglycerides and insulin resistance which did not differ between CAF-RO and STD groups. The three cafeteria groups diminished sucrose intake and preference compared to STD group. CAF-RO also diminished the hedonic responses for the high sucrose concentrations compared with the other groups. These results indicate that CAF-R diet may be an efficient strategy to restore obesity-associated alterations, whilst OLE supplementation seems to have an additional beneficial effect on sweet taste function.

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Kibenge, Molly T., and Catherine B. Chan. "Interactions between effects of adrenalectomy and diet on insulin secretion in fa/fa Zucker rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-106.

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Our objective was to determine if a cafeteria-type diet with increased fat content would block the decrease in insulin secretion induced by adrenalectomy in obese rats. Five week old Zucker (fa/fa) rats were adrenalectomized. One week later, half of the adrenalectomized groups, and age-matched, sham-operated animals were given a diet of 16% fat and 44% carbohydrate. Control animals were maintained on standard rat chow (4.6% fat and 49% carbohydrate). After 4 weeks on the diets, in vivo measurements included caloric intake, weight gain, plasma corticosterone, triglyceride, free fatty acids, and oral glucose tolerance tests. In vitro measurements included glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose phosphorylating activity, islet triglyceride content, and fatty acid oxidizing activity of cultured islets. Generally, the cafeteria diet did not block the effects of adrenalectomy on in vitro insulin secretion parameters, even though in sham-operated animals weight gain and insulin resistance was induced by the diet in vivo. Adrenalectomy and the diet exerted independent effects on glucose phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in islets. In conclusion, adrenalectomy decreased the elevated insulin secretion in fa/fa rats. The failure of a cafeteria diet enriched in fat to block the adrenalectomy-mediated changes in B-cell function indicates the importance of glucocorticoids and centrally-mediated effects on insulin secretion and other metabolic parameters.Key words: obesity, insulin secretion, islets of Langerhans, adrenalectomy, high fat diet.

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Rothwell, Nancy J., Michael J. Stock, and Barry P. Warwick. "Energy balance and brown fat activity in rats fed cafeteria diets or high-fat, semisynthetic diets at several levels of intake." Metabolism 34, no. 5 (May 1985): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(85)90214-8.

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Wansink, Brian, and David R. Just. "Trayless cafeterias lead diners to take less salad and relatively more dessert." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 9 (November 18, 2013): 1535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003066.

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AbstractObjectiveMany colleges are removing trays from their dining facilities in hope of reducing waste. How does not having a tray impact food choice?DesignA field study was conducted in a university cafeteria (n 417) on two evenings with identical menus, one with tray service and one without.SettingA dining hall of a large north-eastern university, USA.SubjectsUndergraduate students.ResultsTrayless dining decreased the percentage of diners (average age 19·1 years) who took salad by 65·2 % but did not decrease the percentage who took dessert, leading to a markedly higher ratio of dessert to salad.ConclusionsCafeterias going trayless should consider complementary policies to encourage balanced diets.

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de la Garza, Ana, Miguel Garza-Cuellar, Ivan Silva-Hernandez, Robbi Cardenas-Perez, Luis Reyes-Castro, Elena Zambrano, Brenda Gonzalez-Hernandez, Lourdes Garza-Ocañas, Lizeth Fuentes-Mera, and Alberto Camacho. "Maternal Flavonoids Intake Reverts Depression-Like Behaviour in Rat Female Offspring." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030572.

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Maternal hypercaloric exposure during pregnancy and lactation is a risk factor for developing diseases associated with inflammation such as obesity, diabetes and, neurological diseases in the offspring. Neuroinflammation might modulate neuronal activation and flavonoids are dietary compounds that have been proven to exert anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with flavonoids (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and narirutin) on the prevention of depression-like behaviour in the female offspring of dams fed with an obesogenic diet during the perinatal period. Maternal programming was induced by high fat (HFD), high sugar (HSD), or cafeteria diets exposure and depressive like-behaviour, referred to as swimming, climbing, and immobility events, was evaluated around postnatal day 56–60 before and after 30 mg/kg i.p. imipramine administration in the female offspring groups. Central inflammation was analyzed by measuring the TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) expression. We found that the offspring of mothers exposed to HSD programming failed to show the expected antidepressant effect of imipramine. Also, imipramine injection, to the offspring of mothers exposed to cafeteria diet, displayed a pro-depressive like-behaviour phenotype. However, dietary supplementation with flavonoids reverted the depression-like behaviour in the female offspring. Finally, we found that HSD programming increases the TBK1 inflammatory protein marker in the hippocampus. Our data suggest that maternal HSD programming disrupts the antidepressant effect of imipramine whereas cafeteria diet exposure leads to depressive-like behaviour in female offspring, which is reverted by maternal flavonoid supplementation.

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Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Syed, Shrey Tambe, Yahya Mohzari, Ahmed Alrashed, Hamdan Najib Alajami, Awad Othman Aljohani, Abdullah Ali Al Mushtawi, et al. "Anti-obesity potential of almond (Prunus dulcis) in experimental animals under cafeteria and atherogenic diets." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 7 (July 2021): 4062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.024.

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Rodríguez, A. B., R. Bodas, B. Fernández, O. López-Campos, A. R. Mantecón, and F. J. Giráldez. "Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems." Animal 1, no. 3 (2007): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731107683803.

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Bobe, Gerd, T. Perera, S. Frei, and B. Frei. "Attitudes of Elementary School Teachers and Cafeteria Personnel on Improving Students’ Diets and Physical Activity Level." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 45, no. 4 (July 2013): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2013.04.092.

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Inokuma, Ken-ichi, Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura, Asako Omachi, Yukiko Matsushita, Kazuhiro Kimura, Hitoshi Yamashita, and Masayuki Saito. "Indispensable role of mitochondrial UCP1 for antiobesity effect of β3-adrenergic stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 290, no. 5 (May 2006): E1014—E1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00105.2005.

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Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) has been thought to be a key molecule for thermogenesis during cold exposure and spontaneous hyperphagia and thereby in the autonomic regulation of energy expenditure and adiposity. However, UCP1 knockout (KO) mice were reported to be cold intolerant but unexpectedly did not get obese even after hyperphagia, implying that UCP1 may not be involved in the regulation of adiposity. Treatment of obese animals with β3-adrenergic agonists is known to increase lipid mobilization, induce UCP1, and, finally, reduce body fat content. To obtain direct evidence for the role of UCP1 in the anti-obesity effect of β3-adrenergic stimulation, in the present study, UCP1-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were fed on cafeteria diets for 8 wk and then given a β3-adrenergic agonist, CL-316,243 (CL), or saline for 2 wk. A single injection of CL increased whole body oxygen consumption and brown fat temperature in WT mice but not in KO mice, and it elicited almost the same plasma free fatty acid response in WT and KO mice. WT and KO mice increased similarly their body and white fat pad weights on cafeteria diets compared with those on laboratory chow. Daily treatment with CL resulted in a marked reduction of white fat pad weight and the size of adipocytes in WT mice, but not in KO mice. Compared with WT mice, KO mice expressed increased levels of UCP2 in brown fat but decreased levels in white fat and comparable levels of UCP3. It was concluded that the anti-obesity effect of β3-adrenergic stimulation is largely attributable to UCP1, but less to UCP2 and UCP3, and thereby to UCP1-dependent degradation of fatty acids released from white adipose tissue.

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Wright, Thomas M., Madeleine V. King, William G. Davey, Simon C. Langley-Evans, and Jörg-Peter W. Voigt. "Impact of cafeteria feeding during lactation in the rat on novel object discrimination in the offspring." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 12 (October 27, 2014): 1933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003134.

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There is increasing evidence that hyperenergetic diets have an impact on memory in rodents. However, it is largely unknown how diets, such as a cafeteria diet (CD), that mimic a Western-type diet act on learning and memory, in particular when fed during early stages of development. Here, we fed lactating dams a CD and exposed both male and female offspring to a novel object discrimination (NOD) task, a two-trial test of recognition memory in which rats exposed to two identical objects during a training/familiarisation trial can discriminate a novel from a familiar object during the subsequent choice trial. The choice trial was performed following inter-trial interval (ITI) delays of up to 4 h. Maternal diet did not have an impact on exploration of the objects by either sex during the familiarisation trial. Control males discriminated the novel from the familiar object, indicating intact memory with an ITI of 1 h, but not 2 or 4 h. The CD delayed this natural forgetting in male rats such that discrimination was also evident after a 2 h ITI. In contrast, control females exhibited discrimination following both 1 and 2 h ITI, but the CD impaired performance. In summary, the present study shows that maternal exposure to the CD programmes NOD in the adult. In better-performing females, dietary programming interferes with NOD, whereas NOD was improved in males after lactational CD feeding.

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Gimenez-Donoso, Carlos, Marc Bosque, Anna Vila, Gemma Vilalta, and Manel M. Santafe. "Effects of a Fat-Rich Diet on the Spontaneous Release of Acetylcholine in the Neuromuscular Junction of Mice." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103216.

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Western societies are facing a clear increase in the rate of obesity and overweight which are responsible for musculoskeletal pain. Some of the substances described in the environment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are the same as those found in the skeletal muscle of obese people, such as cytokines. Furthermore, elevated neuromuscular neurotransmission has been associated with MTrPs. The main objective of this study is to assess whether obesity or overweight may be a facilitator of myofascial pain. The experiments were performed on male Swiss mice. One experimental group was given a typical “cafeteria” diet and another group a commercial high-fat diet for six weeks. Intramuscular adipocytes were assessed with Sudan III. The functional study was performed with electromyographic recording to determine the plaque noise and intracellular recording of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). The intake of a cafeteria diet showed the presence of more adipocytes in muscle tissue, but not with the fat-supplemented diet. Both experimental groups showed an increase in the plaque noise and an increase in the frequency of MEPPs that lasted several weeks after interrupting diets. In summary, the supply of a hypercaloric diet for six weeks in mice increases spontaneous neurotransmission, thus facilitating the development of MTrPs.

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López Benavides, Kenny, Lester Rocha, Emmanuel Serrano, and Jordi Bartolomé Filella. "Feeding Preferences of Domestic and Wild Ungulates for Forage Trees in the Dry Tropics." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013430.

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Silvopastoralism based on livestock feeding on forage trees is becoming a sustainable alternative to traditional grazing on the open pastures of dry tropical Central America. Four autochthonous trees, Acacia pennatula, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium and Guazuma ulmifolia, and one exotic (Moringa oleifera) tree are the preferred species for these silvopastoral systems. Little is known, however, about the feeding preferences of cattle, sheep and goats for such fodder trees and whether wild ungulates (white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus) feed on these plants. In this work, we conducted several multiple-choice feeding preference tests (cafeteria test) to compare the best choice to feed cattle, sheep, goats and white-tailed deer in these farming systems. Although all ruminant species included the four autochthonous trees and the exotic M. oleifera in their diets, G. ulmifolia was the preferred forage tree by far. The preference for the rest of the trees varied among our ruminant species. When M. oleifera was added to the cafeteria test, it was well accepted by white-tailed deer but little appreciated by their domestic counterparts. The use of these forage trees for livestock feeding is thus interesting not only for sustainable animal production but also to support wild herbivores in the dry tropics of Central America.

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Ikram, Toumi, Medila Ifriqya, and Lifa Saoussane. "Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Taraxacum officinal aqueous extract in obese rats." Veterinarska stanica 52, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.4.6.

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Obesity is a chronic disease responsible for comorbidity and excess mortality, and is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular pathology development. Most cardiovascular disease can be prevented by tackling behavioural risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and obesity. Taraxacum officinal is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, commonly used for these medicinal characteristics. It has diuretic, anti-tumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunostimulant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective effect of Taraxacum officinal aqueous extract in Wistar rats on hyperfatty diets. A total of 24 rats weighing 200 ± 6.8 g were divided into three lots: healthy control (HC) receiving a standard diet, obese control (OC) receiving a cafeteria diet without treatment and the third load (TL) receiving a cafeteria diet and treated for 20 days with 200 mg/kg Taraxacum officinal aqueous extract. The results showed that the cafeteria diet induced obesity in rats compared to the control group, characterized by hyperglycaemia (148.75 mg/ dL), hypertriglyceridemia (59 mg/dL) and hypercholesterolemia (160.67 mg/dL) with an increase in total lipids (0.39 g/g of tissue) associated with a state of oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of Taraxacum officinal improved the lipid profile in serum and tissue. The findings showed a drop in blood sugar (1.02 mg/dL), total cholesterol (135 mg/ dL), LDL cholesterol, (67 mg/dL), triglycerides (36 mg/dL), total lipids (1.37g/g of tissue), and lipid peroxidation MDA (0.25 ± 0.02 μmoL/g protein), and an increase in the level of GSH (0.51 nM /mg protein) in treated rats compared to the controls. In conclusion, the results obtained showed the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of Taraxacum officinal against dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycaemia. The plant was shown to have both cardioprotective and antioxidant effect.

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Segú, Helena, Florijan Jalševac, Montserrat Pinent, Anna Ardévol, Ximena Terra, and Maria Teresa Blay. "Intestinal Morphometric Changes Induced by a Western-Style Diet in Wistar Rats and GSPE Counter-Regulatory Effect." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132608.

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Western-style diet is an obesogenic diet for rodents and humans due to its content of saturated fat and refined sugars, mainly sucrose and, in consequence, sucrose-derived fructose. This type of diets relates with intestinal disturbances when consumed regularly. The aim of this work was to analyse the adaptive morphologic and functional changes at intestinal level derived from the unhealthy components of a Cafeteria diet in rats. The effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in the prevention of diet-induced intestinal dysfunction was also analysed. Rats were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF) without or with oral-GSPE supplementation, either intermittent GSPE administration (SIT-CAF); last 10-day GSPE supplementation at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg day (CORR-100) and (CORR-500) or pre-supplementation with 500 mg/kg GSPE (PRE-CAF). GSPE-CAF supplemented groups showed similar results to CAF diet group regarding morphology and inflammatory score in the duodenum. As an adaptive response to diet, CAF increased intestinal absorptive surface (1.24-fold) all along the intestinal tract and specifically in the small intestine, duodenum, due to increase villus height and a higher villus/crypt ratio, in addition to increase in Goblet cell percentage and inflammatory index. Animals fed GSPE at the current doses and times had higher villus heights and absorptive surface similar to Cafeteria diet group. In the duodenum, villus height correlated with body weight at 17 week and negatively with MLCK gene expression. In the colon, villus height correlated with the percentage of goblet cells. In conclusion, the CAF diet produced adaptive modifications of the intestine by increasing the absorptive area of the small intestine, the percentage of goblet cells and the inflammatory index at the duodenal level. GSPE supplementation can partially reverse the intestinal morphological changes induced by the high fat/sucrose diet when administered intermittently.

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Aouichat, Samira, Meriem Chayah, Souhila Bouguerra-Aouichat, and Ahmad Agil. "Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Body Weight Gain, Lipid Profiles, and Atherogenic Indices in Cafeteria-Diet-Fed Rats: Role of Browning of Inguinal White Adipose Tissue." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082185.

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Time-restricted feeding (TRF) showed a potent effect in preventing obesity and improving metabolicoutcomes in several animal models of obesity. However, there is, as of yet, scarce evidence concerning its effectiveness against obesogenic challenges that more accurately mimic human Western diets, such as the cafeteria diet. Moreover, the mechanism for its efficacy is poorly understood. White adipose browning has been linked to body weight loss. Herein, we tested whether TRF has the potential to induce browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and to attenuate obesity and associated dyslipidemia in a cafeteria-diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were fed normal laboratory chow (NC) or cafeteria diet (CAF) for 16 weeks and were subdivided into two groups that were subjected to either ad libitum (ad lib, A) or TRF (R) for 8 h per day. Rats under the TRF regimen had a lower body weight gain and adiposity than the diet-matchedad lib rats, despite equivalent levels of food intake and locomotor activity. In addition, TRF improved the deranged lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c)) and atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), coronary risk index (CRI) in CAF-fed rats. Remarkably, TRF resulted in decreased size of adipocytes and induced emergence of multilocular brown-like adipocytes in iWAT of NC- and CAF-fed rats. Protein expression of browning markers, such as uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), were also up-regulated in the iWAToftime-restricted NC- or CAF-fed rats. These findings suggest that a TRF regimen is an effective strategy to improve CAF diet-induced obesity, probably via a mechanismthe involving WAT browning process.

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Pérez-Echarri, Nerea, Patricia Pérez-Matute, Beatriz Marcos-Gómez, J. Alfredo Martínez, and María J. Moreno-Aliaga. "Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on visfatin and apelin in lean and overweight (cafeteria diet-fed) rats." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 7 (August 28, 2008): 1059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508048307.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that then-3 fatty acid EPA improves insulin resistance induced by high-fat diets. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of visfatin and apelin in the insulin-sensitising effects of EPA ethyl ester. The effects of EPA on muscle and adipose GLUT mRNA, as well as on liver glucokinase (GK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity, were investigated. Male Wistar rats fed on a standard diet or a high-fat cafeteria diet were daily treated by oral administration with EPA ethyl ester (1 g/kg) for 5 weeks. A significant decrease (P < 0·01) in white adipose tissue (WAT) visfatin mRNA levels was found in the cafeteria-fed rats, which was reversed by EPA administration (P < 0·05). Moreover, a negative relationship was observed between homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and the visfatin:total WAT ratio. In contrast, cafeteria-diet feeding caused a significant increase (P < 0·01) in apelin mRNA in visceral WAT. EPA increased (P < 0·01) apelin gene expression, and a negative relationship between HOMA index with visceral apelin mRNA and serum apelin:total WAT ratio was also observed. EPA treatment did not induce changes in skeletal muscle GLUT1, GLUT4 or insulin receptor mRNA levels. Neither liver GK and G6Pase activity nor the GK:G6Pase ratio was modified by EPA. These data suggest that somehow the insulin-sensitising effects of EPA could be related to its stimulatory action on both visfatin and apelin gene expression in visceral fat, while changes in skeletal muscle GLUT, as well as in hepatic glucose production, are not likely to be the main contributing factors in the improvement in insulin resistance induced by EPA.

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Pérez de Heredia, Garaulet, Puy Portillo, and Zamora. "Resistance to Dietary Obesity in Rats Given Different High-Energy Diets." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 76, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.76.5.271.

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Susceptibility to dietary obesity was studied in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to different high-energy diets. Experiment 1: female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed chow (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (n = 12) for 22 weeks. Experiment 2: Wistar rats were fed chow or a high-fat diet, and Sprague-Dawley rats were given chow, high-fat, sweet condensed milk, or cafeteria diets, for eight weeks (6 animals per group). Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Adipose tissue was collected from periovarian, mesenteric, and subcutaneous regions and adipocytes were isolated and measured. Both strains showed similar energy intake and body weight gain. Wistar rats reached greater final body fat contents than Sprague-Dawley rats, regardless of the type of diet. However, resistance to dietary obesity was found in 100% of cases in both experiments. None of the diets succeeded in increasing body fat accumulation when compared to control groups. All adipose tissue locations were equally unaffected, with periovarian fat cells being larger than those in mesenteric and subcutaneous regions in all the groups. In view of the strong resistance to obesity observed in rats, it should be important for researchers to transmit the difficulties of inducing dietary obesity in these animals, in order to prevent bias in science interpretation.

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Kretschmer, Sebastian, and Sheena Dehm. "Sustainability Transitions in University Food Service—A Living Lab Approach of Locavore Meal Planning and Procurement." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137305.

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Due to its purchasing power, the public food service sector is viewed as a potential transformative driver towards sustainable food systems. Organic meal planning and regional procurement may be a vital implementation strategy towards Planetary Health Diets in the communal catering arena. Capable of unleashing desirable synergies within local foodsheds, this transition pathway can potentially benefit all stages of the value chain, while also positively influencing consumer dietary behavior. Transformation, however, poses complex challenges to caterers, as it demands a shift in mindset regarding the philosophy, organization, and management of cafeteria systems as well as the need for affordable and aggregated supplies of source-identified local organic foods. This action research case study engaged the public caterer of a German University, undergraduate students, and additional stakeholders in a Living Lab to develop a weekly farm-to-table cafeteria menu, including its actual preparation, based on a conceptual sustainability standard. Hence, through an iterative process, involving two feedback cycles, an ambitious set of nutritional and procurement criteria were devised, inspired by the external input from exemplary practitioners in the field of green cuisine and procurement. The resulting meal plan was then subjected to an evaluation vis-á-vis its compliance with (1) dietary recommendations, (2) seasonality, (3) organic certification, (4) a defined foodshed boundary, (5) budget neutrality, and (6) life cycle assessment.

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Sanches, Sheila Cristina L., Leandra Naira Z. Ramalho, Marlei Josiele Augusto, Deisy Mara da Silva, and Fernando Silva Ramalho. "Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Search for Factual Animal Models." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/574832.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, which occurs in the absence of alcohol abuse. NAFLD can evolve into progressive liver injury and fibrosis in the form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Several animal models have been developed to attempt to represent the morphological, biochemical, and clinical features of human NASH. The actual review presents a critical analysis of the most commonly used experimental models of NAFLD/NASH development. These models can be classified into genetic, nutritional, and a combination of genetic and nutritional factors. The main genetic models areob/obanddb/dbmutant mice and Zucker rats. The principal nutritional models employ methionine- and choline-deficient, high-fat, high-cholesterol and high-cholate, cafeteria, and high-fructose diets. Currently, associations between high-fructose and various compositions of high-fat diets have been widely studied. Previous studies have encountered significant difficulties in developing animal models capable of reproducing human NASH. Some models produce consistent morphological findings, but the induction method differs significantly compared with the pathophysiology of human NASH. Other models precisely represent the clinical and etiological contexts of this disease but fail to provide accurate histopathological representations mainly in the progression from steatosis to liver fibrosis.

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Tajaddini, Aynaz, Michael D. Kendig, Kelly V. Prates, R. Frederick Westbrook, and Margaret J. Morris. "Male Rat Offspring Are More Impacted by Maternal Obesity Induced by Cafeteria Diet than Females—Additive Effect of Postweaning Diet." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031442.

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Maternal obesity increases the risk of health complications in offspring, but whether these effects are exacerbated by offspring exposure to unhealthy diets warrants further investigation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard chow (n = 15) or ‘cafeteria’ (Caf, n = 21) diets across pre-pregnancy, gestation, and lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto chow or Caf diet (2–3/sex/litter), forming four groups; behavioural and metabolic parameters were assessed. At weaning, offspring from Caf dams were smaller and lighter, but had more retroperitoneal (RP) fat, with a larger effect in males. Maternal Caf diet significantly increased relative expression of ACACA and Fasn in male and female weanling liver, but not CPT-1, SREBP and PGC1; PPARα was increased in males from Caf dams. Maternal obesity enhanced the impact of postweaning Caf exposure on adult body weight, RP fat, liver mass, and plasma leptin in males but not females. Offspring from Caf dams appeared to exhibit reduced anxiety-like behaviour on the elevated plus maze. Hepatic CPT-1 expression was reduced only in adult males from Caf fed dams. Post weaning Caf diet consumption did not alter liver gene expression in the adult offspring. Maternal obesity exacerbated the obesogenic phenotype produced by postweaning Caf diet in male, but not female offspring. Thus, the impact of maternal obesity on adiposity and liver gene expression appeared more marked in males. Our data underline the sex-specific detrimental effects of maternal obesity on offspring.

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Becerril, Adriana, Guadalupe Castillo-Robles, Margarita González-Hernández, and Iván Villanueva. "Influence of high-calorie (cafeteria) diets on the population of Paneth cells in the small intestine of the rat." European Journal of Morphology 42, no. 4-5 (October 1, 2006): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09243860600707447.

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Naim, Michael, Joseph G. Brand, Morley R. Kare, and Richard G. Carpenter. "Energy Intake, Weight Gain and Fat Deposition in Rats Fed Flavored, Nutritionally Controlled Diets in a Multichoice (“Cafeteria”) Design." Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/115.11.1447.

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Stephenson, Flora F., J. Cyne Johnston, Theresa Riege, Farah Bandali, and Deborah A. McNeil. "Healthy Eating Guidelines for a School Jurisdiction: Collaborative Design and Implementation." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 74, no. 4 (December 2013): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/74.4.2013.193.

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Purpose: Healthy eating is a determinant of optimal growth, and schools provide an ideal setting in which to influence students’ diets. The Healthy Eating Guidelines Initiative (HEGI) was a partnership among education, health, and community stakeholders to develop and implement healthy eating guidelines across a school jurisdiction. An evaluation was conducted to examine the potential impact of the HEGI on the school food environment and students’ self-reported diets. Methods: All schools in the jurisdiction were invited to participate in the evaluation. Participating schools included elementary, middle, high, and mixed grades schools. A school environment assessment and a student questionnaire were used to collect data before and after the HEGI. Results: Twenty-two (71%) of 31 schools participated in the evaluation. The guidelines were successfully implemented in 17 of these 22 schools. Overall, a greater proportion of students reported healthier eating behaviours at the conclusion of the HEGI. In particular, a greater proportion of students in schools with cafeteria-style food service showed significantly improved self-reported dietary behaviours. These changes were not seen among students at schools with limited or no on-site food service. Conclusions: The findings are consistent with those of previous studies, and indicate that guidelines for a school jurisdiction can have a positive impact on the school food environment and students’ food intake. The HEGI shows promise as a strategy to promote healthy eating among students.

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Oliva, Laia, Tània Aranda, Giada Caviola, Anna Fernández-Bernal, Marià Alemany, José Antonio Fernández-López, and Xavier Remesar. "In rats fed high-energy diets, taste, rather than fat content, is the key factor increasing food intake: a comparison of a cafeteria and a lipid-supplemented standard diet." PeerJ 5 (September 13, 2017): e3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3697.

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BackgroundFood selection and ingestion both in humans and rodents, often is a critical factor in determining excess energy intake and its related disorders.MethodsTwo different concepts of high-fat diets were tested for their obesogenic effects in rats; in both cases, lipids constituted about 40% of their energy intake. The main difference with controls fed standard lab chow, was, precisely, the lipid content. Cafeteria diets (K) were self-selected diets devised to be desirable to the rats, mainly because of its diverse mix of tastes, particularly salty and sweet. This diet was compared with another, more classical high-fat (HF) diet, devised not to be as tasty as K, and prepared by supplementing standard chow pellets with fat. We also analysed the influence of sex on the effects of the diets.ResultsK rats grew faster because of a high lipid, sugar and protein intake, especially the males, while females showed lower weight but higher proportion of body lipid. In contrast, the weight of HF groups were not different from controls. Individual nutrient’s intake were analysed, and we found that K rats ingested large amounts of both disaccharides and salt, with scant differences of other nutrients’ proportion between the three groups. The results suggest that the key differential factor of the diet eliciting excess energy intake was the massive presence of sweet and salty tasting food.ConclusionsThe significant presence of sugar and salt appears as a powerful inducer of excess food intake, more effective than a simple (albeit large) increase in the diet’s lipid content. These effects appeared already after a relatively short treatment. The differential effects of sex agree with their different hedonic and obesogenic response to diet.

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De Marco, Paolo, Ana C. Henriques, Rui Azevedo, Susana I. Sá, Armando Cardoso, Bruno Fonseca, Joana Barbosa, and Sandra Leal. "Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolic Status Are Differently Affected by Early Exposure to Unhealthy Diets in a Rat Model." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 3236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093236.

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Childhood is a critical stage of development during which diet can have profound influence on the microbiota–host interactions, leading to potentially lifelong impacts. This study aimed to investigate whether the consumption of cafeteria diet (CAFD) and sugary drinks during early rat life alters the structure of the gut microbial community and the metabolic activity. Four-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 27) were fed a standard chow diet with ad libitum access to water (CD) or to sucrose solution (HSD), and a third group was fed with CAFD and a sucrose solution for 14 weeks. HSD and CAFD consumption induced alterations in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. HSD increased the abundance of Barnesiella, whereas CAFD induced a depletion of Saccharibacteria. CAFD increased total white adipose tissue (WAT) weight (p < 0.0005) compared to CD. When CAFD was compared to HSD, a significant difference was found only for retroperitoneal WAT (p < 0.0005). Unhealthy diet-fed groups presented higher glucose (p < 0.0005), total cholesterol and creatinine serum levels (p < 0.005) compared to the CD rats. Early-life consumption of HSD, and of CAFD even more so, can have long-lasting negative effects on metabolic function. The gut microbiota communities were distinctively perturbed by diet composition.

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Bailey, Clifford J., Peter R. Flatt, and Nicola S. Radley. "Effect of high fat and high carbohydrate cafeteria diets on the development of the obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob) syndrome in mice." Nutrition Research 5, no. 9 (September 1985): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(85)80114-7.

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Walgren, M. C., and T. L. Powley. "Effects of intragastric hyperalimentation on pair-fed rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 248, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): R172—R180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1985.248.2.r172.

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The present study was undertaken to determine the relative contributions of altered metabolic responses and excess food intake to the obesity and hyperinsulinemia of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) syndrome. This experiment, employing an intragastric hyperalimentation protocol, was also designed to address the related issue of whether altered energy utilization serves as a compensatory strategy for reducing energy retention in the face of excess intake. Separate groups of VMH-lesioned and sham-lesioned female rats were fed, either orally or intragastrically, up to 200% of the calories ingested by a normally feeding intact rat. Both VMH-lesioned and intact rats became obese and hyperinsulinemic when hyperalimented for 30 days, but rats with lesions deposited 25% more fat than intact animals receiving an identical number of calories. Estimates of total carcass energy indicated that rats with lesions required 11% less calories than intact rats to retain identical levels of energy. Furthermore, intact hyperalimented rats failed to evidence the caloric wastage that has been reported to occur in orally fed rats that overeat cafeteria diets.

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Das, Chamali, Bimol Chandra Roy, Hans Ranvig, Jens Christian Riise, Hisao Iwamoto, and Shoji Tabata. "Performance of Layers Supplemented with Either Complete Feed or Diets in Cafeteria Feeding System Under Semi-scavenging Condition in a Tropical Environment." Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 53, no. 2 (October 28, 2008): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/12854.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cafeteria diets'

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