Academic literature on the topic 'Cafeteria diets'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cafeteria diets"
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Reynés, Bàrbara, Estefanía García-Ruiz, Andreu Palou, and Paula Oliver. "The intake of high-fat diets induces an obesogenic-like gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is reverted by dieting." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (April 15, 2016): 1887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001173.
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AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are increasingly used for nutrigenomic studies. In this study, we aimed to identify whether these cells could reflect the development of an obesogenic profile associated with the intake of high-fat (HF) diets. We analysed, by real-time RT-PCR, the dietary response of key genes related to lipid metabolism, obesity and inflammation in PBMC of control rats, rats fed a cafeteria or a commercial HF diet and rats fed a control diet after the intake of a cafeteria diet (post-cafeteria model). Cafeteria diet intake, which resulted in important overweight and related complications, altered the expressions of most of the studied genes in PBMC, evidencing the development of an obesogenic profile. Commercial HF diet, which produced metabolic alterations but in the absence of noticeably increased body weight, also altered PBMC gene expression, inducing a similar regulatory pattern as that observed for the cafeteria diet. Regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1a) mRNA expression was of special interest; its expression reflected metabolic alterations related to the intake of both obesogenic diets (independently of increased body weight) even at an early stage as well as metabolic recovery in post-cafeteria animals. Thus, PBMC constitute an important source of biomarkers that reflect the increased adiposity and metabolic deregulation associated with the intake of HF diets. In particular, we propose an analysis of Cpt1a expression as a good biomarker to detect the early metabolic alterations caused by the consumption of hyperlipidic diets, and also as a marker of metabolic recovery associated to weight loss.
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Silva, Valdemar Guedes da, Fabrício Cesar de Paula Ravagnani, Allan da Mata Godois, Odashiro Maçanori, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, Celso Massaschi Inouye, and Christianne de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani. "Physical training at sub-threshold intensity reduces the prevalence of hepatic steatosis after high-fat diet in rats." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 21, no. 1 (March 2015): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000100002.
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of swimming physical training with sub-threshold load on the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Wistar rats fed high-fat diets (cafeteria or baru). After 2 months of cafeteria diet administration, the rats were separated into 6 groups: Sedentary or Trained Baru diet; Sedentary or Trained Cafeteria diet; Sedentary or Trained standard diet. The trained groups were subjected to swimming exercise at sub-threshold intensity (2% of body weight) during 8 weeks, 5x/week, 1h/day. The body weight and hepatohistological changes were analyzed. Sedentary groups fed high-fat diets presented higher body weight gain when compared to control trained group. The swimming training at the proposed intensity was able to prevent the hepatic steatosis in rats fed high-fat diets.
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Schimmel, R. J., L. McCarthy, and K. K. McMahon. "cAMP metabolism and lipolysis in brown adipocytes of hamsters consuming a cafeteria diet." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 248, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): E224—E229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.2.e224.
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Feeding animals cafeteria diets causes increased sympathetic activity to brown adipose tissue and this is believed to be responsible for the concomitant activation of thermogenesis. Because chronic catecholamine stimulation in other systems leads to a desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors, we examined lipolysis and cAMP production in brown adipocytes of hamsters eating cafeteria diets for evidence of diminished beta-adrenergic responses. Basal cAMP levels were similar in chow- and cafeteria-fed hamsters. However, adipocytes from overfed animals formed less cAMP in response to isoproterenol than those of control animals. Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was similarly decreased in membrane preparations from cafeteria-fed hamsters. However, when the diterpene forskolin was used, equal amounts of cAMP were formed in cells and membrane preparations from control and overfed animals. In contrast to the reduced responses of the cAMP system to isoproterenol stimulation observed in overfed hamsters, isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was greater in cells from overfed animals than in cells from control animals. These results are consistent with a desensitization of the adenylate cyclase system in brown adipocytes occurring during chronic hyperphagia. Because eating cafeteria diets has been reported to increase sympathetic activity to brown fat depots, the apparent desensitization of brown adipocytes observed in this study may result from a persistent stimulation of the brown fat with norepinephrine in vivo. Our data also suggest the existence of mechanisms that preserve lipolysis in the face of low cAMP levels.
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Petry, Clive J., Susan E. Ozanne, Chun Li Wang, and C. Nicholas Hales. "Early Protein Restriction and Obesity Independently Induce Hypertension in 1-Year-Old Rats." Clinical Science 93, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0930147.
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1. Recent studies have revealed a link between fetal and early post-natal growth retardation and the development of features of the insulin resistance syndrome in later life. Obesity is also a strong risk factor for this syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess whether maternal and early protein restriction, which causes growth retardation, and obesity are risk factors that are independent for the development of certain features of the insulin resistance syndrome, especially hypertension. 2. Pregnant Sprague—Dawley rats were given either 20% or 8% protein isocaloric diets throughout pregnancy and lactation. Female offspring were weaned onto the same diets as their mothers and they remained on these diets until 70 days of age. Half the rats were then given standard laboratory chow, whilst the remainder were fed a highly palatable cafeteria-style diet. Rats were maintained on these diets for the remainder of the study. 3. Rats given the 8% protein diet remained physically lighter than comparable animals fed the 20% protein diet throughout the study. In contrast, cafeteria-fed rats showed excessive weight gain. At 1 year of age the rats had their systolic blood pressures and fasting lipids measured, as well as undergoing an intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test. 4. Cafeteria-fed rats had worse glucose tolerances than controls and hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The early 8% protein rats had significantly increased blood pressures, as did the cafeteria-fed rats. These increases were additive, suggesting that early protein restriction, and later obesity, are indeed independent risk factors for the development of hypertension.
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Rothwell, Nancy J., and Michael J. Stock. "Influence of environmental temperature on energy balance, diet-induced thermogenesis and brown fat activity in ‘cafeteria’-fed rats." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860092.
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1. Young male rats were fed on a pelleted stock diet or a variety of palatable food items (‘cafeteria’ diet) and housed at 24° or 29°.2. ‘Cafeteria’ feeding at the lower temperature stimulated energy intake, gain and expenditure, but reduced energetic efficiency such that over 70% of the excess intake was expended.3. Housing at 29° suppressed intake and expenditure in animals on both diets, but to a greater extent in ‘cafeteria’-fed rats and energetic efficiency was greater than control values at this higher temperature.4. The thermogenic capacity of brown fat (mitochondrial purine nucleotide binding) was increased by ‘cafeteria’ feeding, but was suppressed in animals kept at 29°.5. The results demonstrate that diet-induced thermogenesis is inhibited by high environmental temperatures.
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de Macedo, Isabel Cristina, Joice Soares de Freitas, and Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres. "The Influence of Palatable Diets in Reward System Activation: A Mini Review." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7238679.
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The changes in eating patterns that have occurred in recent decades are an important cause of obesity. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by a complex neural system involving the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system (gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones). Highly palatable and caloric food disrupts appetite regulation; however, palatable foods induce pleasure and reward. The cafeteria diet is such a palatable diet and has been shown consistently to increase body weight and induce hyperplasia in animal obesity models. Moreover, palatable high-fat foods (such as those of the cafeteria diet) can induce addiction-like deficits in brain reward function and are considered to be an important source of motivation that might drive overeating and contribute to the development of obesity. The mechanism of neural adaptation triggered by palatable foods is similar to those that have been reported for nondrug addictions and long-term drug use. Thus, this review attempts to describe the potential mechanisms that might lead to highly palatable diets, such as the cafeteria diet, triggering addiction, or compulsion through the reward system.
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Palacios-Jordan, Héctor, Miguel Z. Martín-González, Manuel Suárez, Gerard Aragonès, Begoña Muguerza, Miguel A. Rodríguez, and Cinta Bladé. "The Disruption of Liver Metabolic Circadian Rhythms by a Cafeteria Diet Is Sex-Dependent in Fischer 344 Rats." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041085.
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Circadian rhythms are ~24 h fluctuations of different biological processes that are regulated by the circadian clock system. They exert a major influence on most of the metabolism, such as the hepatic metabolism. This rhythmicity can be disrupted by obesogenic diets, fact that is considered to be a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, obesogenic diets do not affect both genders in the same manner. We hypothesized that the circadian rhythms disruption of the hepatic metabolism, caused by obesogenic diets, is gender-dependent. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were fed either a standard diet or a cafeteria diet and sacrificed at two different moments, at zeitgeber 3 and 15. Only female rats maintained the circadian variations of the hepatic metabolism under a cafeteria diet. Most of those metabolites were related with the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis, such as choline, betaine or phosphatidylcholine. Most of these metabolites were found to be increased at the beginning of the dark period. On the other hand, male animals did not show these time differences. These findings suggest that females might be more protected against the circadian disruption of the hepatic metabolism caused by a cafeteria diet through the increase of the VLDL synthesis at the beginning of the feeding time.
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Bailey, C. J., P. R. Flatt, P. Kwasowski, C. J. Powell, and V. Marks. "Immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide and K cell hyperplasia in obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice fed high fat and high carbohydrate cafeteria diets." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 2 (June 1986): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120224.
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Abstract. The effect of diet composition on plasma and intestinal concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and intestinal K cell density was examined in obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. The mice were reared from 3 to 11 weeks of age on either stock diet, a high fat (HF) cafeteria diet or a high carbohydrate (HC) cafeteria diet. The HF cafeteria diet increased the concentration of GIP in plasma (75%) and in the intestine (118%) and increased the density (54%) of GIP-secreting K cells in the upper jejunum compared with the stock diet. Plasma and intestinal GIP concentrations were not significantly altered by the HC cafeteria diet, although the density of K cells in the upper jejunum was increased (45%). The extent of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in ob/ob mice was not significantly altered by the HF and HC cafeteria diets. The results indicate that an increased amount of dietary fat chronically stimulates the production and secretion of GIP, and enhances intestinal K cell density in ob/ob mice.
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Subias-Gusils, Alex, Adam Álvarez-Monell, Noemi Boqué, Antoni Caimari, Roger Mariné-Casadó, Rosa M. Escorihuela, and Montserrat Solanas. "Effects of a Calorie-Restricted Cafeteria Diet and Oleuropein Supplementation on Adiposity and mRNA Expression of Energy Balance Related Genes in Obese Male Rats." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020147.
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Supplementation with natural bioactive compounds has been proposed to be a complementary tool to the calorie-restricted diets and physical exercise programs used to tackle human overweight, obesity and Metabolic syndrome. Herein, we evaluated the effects of 14 weeks of calorie-restricted cafeteria diet either alone or combined with oral administration of the polyphenol oleuropein in obese adult male rats, compared with a control group fed standard chow and a group fed cafeteria diet. Animals were sacrificed at the age of 26 weeks and several tissues of interest were removed. The results showed that both dietary interventions reduced the adiposity index (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and specifically the abdominal fat depots (mesenteric: p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively; and epididymal: both diets p < 0.001) and restored the decreased soleus skeletal muscle mass. Both interventions decreased leptin mRNA expression in mesenteric white adipose tissue (p < 0.05) and normalized hypothalamic Agrp mRNA expression compared to cafeteria-fed obese rats (p < 0.05). However, only the calorie-restricted cafeteria diet supplemented with oleuropein induced additional lower retroperitoneal adipose accretion (p < 0.05) and increased hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Experiments with female animals, at different doses and longer intervention periods, are needed to better determine the potential benefits of this dietary treatment.
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Salvadö, J., T. Segués, M. Alemany, and L. L. Arola. "Effects of lactation on circulating plasma metabolites in ‘cafeteria-fed’ rats." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 1 (January 1986): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860017.
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1. The effects of ‘cafeteria feeding’ on primiparous Wistar rats during lactation have been studied by measuring circulating levels of glucose, amino acids, lactate, urea and ammonia as well as glycogen levels in liver and muscle.2. No significant changes in glucose levels were observed despite alterations in blood glucose compartmentation.3. Compared with controls, the dams given the cafeteria diet had higher liver glycogen stores which were more easily mobilized at the peak of lactation.4. Rats given the cafeteria diet showed a lower amino acid utilization than controls and adequately maintained circulating levels, as determined by the lower circulating levels of ammonia and urea.5. No significant differences in body-weight were observed in the period studied despite increasing dam weight after weaning in the cafeteria-fed group.6. The size of pups of cafeteria-fed dams was greater than that of controls, and the differences were marked after weaning, when the metabolic machinery of the cafeteria pup maintained high protein accretion and body build-up using fat as the main energy substrate characteristic of the preweaning stage. The controls, however, changed to greater utilization of amino acids as an energy substrate and adapted to high-protein (low- biological-quality) diets with a significantly different pattern of circulating nitrogen distribution.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cafeteria diets"
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Gomes, Arthur Rocha. "Efedrina altera a ansiedade e locomo??o de ratos Wistar tratados desde a lacta??o com dietas de cafeteria ou restri??o cal?rica." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1369.
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Data de aprova??o ausente.Orientador do trabalho n?o mencionado na lista da Folha de Aprova??o.
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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da efedrina no comportamento de ratos tratados com ra??o padr?o (comercial), dieta de cafeteria ou dieta de restri??o cal?rica desde a lacta??o. Foramutilizadas 12 ninhadas de ratos da linhagem Wistar (Rattus novergicus). Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas individuais, sob condi??es padr?es (umidade natural; temperatura de 23 ?C ? 2; e ciclo claro/escuro de 12 horas). Os ratos machos de cada ninhada formaram, da lacta??o at? a fase adulta, osgrupos: Controle (C) ?receberamra??o padr?o e?guaadlibitum(n = 24);Cafeteria (CAF)?receberam dieta de cafeteria e ?gua ad libitum (n = 24); Restri??o (R) ?receberam 50%dara??oconsumidapelo grupoControle e ?guaadlibitum (n = 24). Entre o 113? e o 117? dia de vida, os animais foram subdividos (n = 12) para receberemo tratamento com salina (C, CAF e R) ou efedrina (C-E, CAF-E e R-E) e realizarem os testes comportamentais. No 118? foram anestesiados e eutanasiados por exsanguina??o. Foram avaliados: o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ra??o, ingest?o cal?rica, coeficiente de efici?ncia alimentar, comprimento naso-anal e ?ndice de massa corporal; peso dos ?rg?os e tecido adiposo abdominal; comprimento do f?mur e t?bia, e teor de minerais totais; teores de colesterol total e fra??es, triacilglicerol e glicemia do soro; teor de lip?dios, colesterol total e triacilglicerol do f?gado; e os efeitos no comportamento pelos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE) eCampo Aberto. O grupo CAF demonstrou maior ingest?o cal?rica, configurando em maior CEA e ac?mulo de tecido adiposo abdominal, al?m de uma tend?ncia em aumento do peso e do IMC. Ademais, CAF obteve eleva??o dos n?veis de triacilglicerol plasm?tico e hep?tico, que possivelmente foram fatores respons?veis pelo aumento do tecido adiposo. Ao mesmo tempo, houve uma rela??o ruim entre as fra??es do colesterol plasm?tico (HDL-c, LDL-c e VLDL-c), com desenvolvimento de dislipidemia. Portanto, a dieta de cafeteria foi capaz de reproduzir um modelo de obesidade humana e de s?ndrome metab?lica em CAF. Os animais de dieta de restri??o obtiveram menor peso corporal e dos ?rg?os, apresentando ainda retardo no crescimento (menor CNA, da t?bia e do f?mur), e menores valores de IMC. O quadro nutricional desse grupo de animais indica que foi poss?vel desenvolver um modelo de desnutri??o. O grupo CAF obteve maior n?mero de entradas nos bra?os fechados do LCE e uma tend?ncia em atravessar maior n?mero de quadrantes no in?cio do teste de Campo Aberto, sugerindoaumento da locomo??o. A efedrina proporcionou: maior n?mero de entradas nos bra?os fechados; de entradas e tempo de perman?ncia nos bra?os abertos do LCE; maior n?mero de entradas, tempo de perman?ncia no centro do e n?mero de quadrantes atravessados no campo aberto; para ambos os tratamentos (CAF-E e R-E), sugerindo um efeito ansiol?tico e de aumento da locomo??o. As altera??es no comportamento frente ? efedrina indicam que os animais CAF e R possuem uma altera??o no sistema dopamin?rgico, que culmina com aumento do efeito ansiol?tico e de locomo??o da droga.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016].
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ephedrine on the behavior of rats treated with standard (commercial) chow, cafeteria diet or caloric restriction diet since lactation. Twelve litters of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were used. The animals were housed in individual cages under standard conditions (natural humidity, temperature of 23 ? C ? 2 and light / dark cycle of 12 hours). The male rats of each litter formed, from lactation to adulthood, the following groups: Control (C) - received standard chow and water ad libitum (n = 24); Cafeteria (CAF) - received cafeteria diet and water ad libitum (n = 24); Restriction (R) - received 50% of the chow consumed by the Control group and water ad libitum (n = 24). Between the 113th and 117th days of life, the animals were subdivided (n = 12) to receive treatment with saline (C, CAF and R) or ephedrine (C-E, CAF-E and R-E) and perform behavioral tests. At 118th, they were anesthetized and euthanized by exsanguination. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, caloric intake, food efficiency coefficient, naso-anal length and body mass index; weight of organs and abdominal adipose tissue; Length of femur and tibia, and total mineral content; levels of total cholesterol and fractions, triacylglycerol and serum glycemia; lipid content, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol of the liver; and effects on behavior through the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field tests were evaluated. The CAF group demonstrated a higher caloric intake, resulting in an increased CEA and abdominal adipose tissue accumulation, in addition to an increasing tendency of weight and BMI. In addition, CAF obtained an elevation in plasma and hepatic triacylglycerol levels, which were possibly responsible for the increase in adipose tissue. At the same time, there was a great relationship between fractions of plasma cholesterol (HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c), with development of dyslipidemia. Therefore, the cafeteria diet was able to reproduce a model of human obesity and metabolic syndrome in CAF. Restriction diet animals had lower body and organ weight, with slower growth (lower CNA, tibia and femur), and lower BMI values. The nutritional picture of this group of animals indicates that it was possible to develop a model of malnutrition. The CAF group had a higher number of entries in the closed arms of the EPM and a tendency to cross more quadrants at the beginning of the Open Field test, suggesting an increase in locomotion. Ephedrine provided: high number of entries in the closed arms; entries and length of stay in the open arms of the EPM; high number of entries, length of stay in the center and number of quadrants crossed in the open field; for both treatments (CAF-E and R-E), suggesting an anxiolytic effect and increased locomotion. Changes in the behavior against ephedrine indicate that the CAF and R animals have a change in the dopaminergic system, which culminates with aniological increase and locomotion of the drug.
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Baccetto, Raquel Lunardi. "Efeitos de um modelo de oferta e retirada de dieta de cafeteria sobre o comportamento alimentar e ansiedade em ratas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-24042017-112146/.
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A incidência global de obesidade tem aumentado nas últimas décadas e o consumo excessivo de alimentos industrializados ricos em açúcar e gordura está entre suas principais causas. Pesquisas recentes têm mostrado que estes alimentos desencadeiam mecanismos neurais e comportamentos semelhantes à adicção a drogas. Sabe-se que hábitos e preferências alimentares de adultos são adquiridos na infância, mas intervenções efetivas para prevenção da obesidade e suas comorbidades em crianças e adolescentes ainda constituem um desafio para a saúde pública. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do consumo de dieta de cafeteria e retirada desta no comportamento alimentar, peso corporal, perfil lipídico, regularidade do ciclo estral, e comportamento de ansiedade e motivação. Ratas Wistar tiveram acesso limitado a itens alimentares de consumo humano de alta densidade energética por quatro semanas, ao final das quais foi realizada a retirada da dieta experimental de duas maneiras: para um grupo total e brusca, e para outro gradual durante uma semana. Após essa retirada, que simula dietas humanas de restrição, as ratas foram submetidas a testes comportamentais para avaliar ansiedade (labirinto em cruz elevado), e motivação para restabelecimento do acesso à dieta de cafeteria (modelo de restabelecimento). O grupo submetido à dieta de cafeteria apresentou maior consumo de gorduras totais e saturadas (p<0,05), e menor consumo de proteínas totais e fibras (p<0,05). Apesar disso, o consumo energético diário entre os grupos não atingiu diferença estatisticamente significativa, assim como o peso corporal das ratas. Após retirada da dieta de cafeteria, o consumo energético foi reduzido significativamente, porém, não acompanhado de perda de peso. Houve diferença significativa no perfil lipídico, sendo que ratas do grupo Cafeteria Sem Retirada tiveram os maiores valores de colesterol total e colesterol LDL (p<0,05). As ratas que sofreram retirada da dieta de cafeteria tiveram seus valores de colesterol similares às alimentadas somente com ração. A retirada completa da dieta de cafeteria e consequente diminuição do consumo energético foi responsável por irregularidade no ciclo estral das ratas. Os resultados no labirinto em cruz elevado não atingiram diferença estatisticamente significativa. O grupo Ração passou mais tempo no lado claro (p<0,05), conforme mostrado pelo teste de restabelecimento. A oferta limitada, de curto prazo, pós-desmame da dieta de cafeteria foi efetiva no desenvolvimento de compulsão alimentar em ratas adolescentes, porém sem evidências de vício alimentar. É provável que a obesidade seja condição necessária para o vício. Esperamos que os resultados deste estudo contribuam para o conhecimento da relação entre qualidade da dieta e comportamento alimentar e de adicção em ratas adolescentes.The global incidence of obesity has steadily risen in the last decades and the excessive intake of industrialized food rich in sugar and fat is among its main causes. Recent researches have shown that these foods activate neural mechanism and behaviors similar to what is seen with drug addiction. It is known that adults eating habits and preferences are generally established during childhood, but effective preventive measures against obesity and its comorbities in children and adolescents are still a current public health challenge. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet intake and withdrawal on eating behavior, body weight, lipid profile, estrous cycle regularity, and anxiety-like and motivational behavior. Female Wistar rats had limited access to energy-dense food items typically consumed by humans for four weeks, at the end of which, withdrawal from this diet occurred in one of two ways: for a group withdrawal was abrupt and total, and for another group, gradual for one week. After withdrawal, which attempts to mimic human restrictive dieting, we evaluated rats anxiety-like behavior through the elevated plus maze, and their motivation to reinstate access to the cafeteria diet through a reinstatement model. Daily energy intake between groups did not reach significant difference, as well as their body weight. Cafeteria fed rats did gain weight at a faster pace, and had a significant greater intake of total and saturated fat, and sodium (p<0.05); and a significantly lower intake of proteins and fibers (p<0.05). Groups that underwent withdrawal reduced their caloric intake significantly, but there was no weight loss. Rats with continuous access to cafeteria diet also had higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol (p<0.05), and rats from withdrawal groups had their cholesterol levels similar to chow-only animals. The total withdrawal of the cafeteria diet and resulting lower energy intake were also responsible for estrous cycle irregularities. There was no significant difference in rats performance in the EPM test. Chow only rats spent significantly more time in an aversive setting in order to gain access to an item from the cafeteria diet (p<0.05). The limited, short term, post-weaning offer of a cafeteria diet was effective in developing compulsive eating disorder, but without signs of food addiction. It is likely that obesity is precedent to the development of addiction. We expect that the results from this project contribute to the ongoing discussion and investigation on eating and addiction behavior in female adolescents rats.
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Salerno, Pamela Silva Vitória. "Efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico variado: análise de parâmetros bioquímicos e comportamentais." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2715.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Obesidade é definida pelo acúmulo de gordura no corpo, causada por um estilo de vida sedentário e ingestão de alimentos calóricos. As doenças relacionadas com o sobrepeso são consideradas um dos problemas de saúde pública mais grave em todo mundo, associada ao risco de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares e certos tipos de câncer. O estresse também tem sido mencionado como um problema da sociedade moderna que causa distúrbios emocionais e fisiológicos. Nas últimas décadas foi crescente o número de doenças relacionadas ao estresse, sobrepeso e obesidade, associadas ao aumento do consumo de alimentos energeticamente densos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma DC associada ao estresse crônico variado (ECV) nos parâmetros bioquímicos, depósitos de gordura corporal e comportamentais. Foram utilizados 40 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: Controle total (C) – Ração padrão sem modelo de estresse; Grupo estresse (E) – ração padrão e estresse; grupo Dieta de cafeteria sem estresse (D) e Grupo Dieta + Estresse (ED). Os animais foram submetidos ao ECV durante 40 dias, em horários e dias alternados. Os parâmetros de ansiedade avaliados pelo teste Labirinto em cruz elevado (Plus Maze) mostraram que a dieta foi capaz de reverter ou amenizar os efeitos do estresse. A atividade locomotora, avaliada pelo teste Campo Aberto (Open Field) não foi alterada pela dieta, nem pelo estresse. A memória avaliada pelo teste Reconhecimento de Objetos não foi alterada, nem pela dieta, nem pelo estresse. Os animais do grupo E obtiveram menor ganho de peso, e a dieta compensou o efeito do estresse em relação ao ganho de peso nos animais que receberam DC e ECV. Houve aumento do peso do fígado e dos tecidos adiposos (subcutâneo e abdominal) dos animais que receberam a DC, porém não submetidos ao ECV. Os níveis séricos de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-Colesterol, lipase, foram mensurados, porém não sofreram alterações significativas.
Obesity is defined as an accumulation of fat in the body, caused by a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-calorie foods. Diseases related to overweight are considered one of the most serious problems of public health worldwide, associated with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Stress has also been mentioned as a problem of modern society that causes emotional and physiological disorders. In the last decades has been the increasing number of stress-related, overweight and obesity, associated with increased consumption of energy- dense foods. The object of study to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet associated with chronic varied stress (CVS) in biochemical parameters, deposits of body fat and behavioral. Stress Group (S) - standard chow and stress; cafeteria diet group without stress (D) and diet + stress group (SD) standard model without stress control group rats (C): Fourt Wistar rats were divided into four groups used). The animals were submitted to the CVS for 40 days on alternate days and times. The parameters of anxiety assessed by Plus Maze showed that the diet was able to reverse or ameliorate the effects of stress. Locomotors activity, assessed by the Open Field Test was not altered by diet or by stress. The memory assessed by the Object Recognition Test has changed, neither by diet nor by stress. Animals in group E had lower weight gain, diet and offset the effect of stress in relation to weight gain in animals fed cafeteria diet and CVS. There was an increase in liver weight and adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal) of animals that received the cafeteria diet, but not undergoing CVS. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL- Cholesterol, lipase, were measured, but not changed significant.
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Didek, Daiane. "Efeitos da administração de liraglutida em ratos obesos sedentários e exercitados." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2526.
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Daiane Didek.pdf: 2147992 bytes, checksum: fb8c4ca29516a68c37c8dc766dc39e8f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T17:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daiane Didek.pdf: 2147992 bytes, checksum: fb8c4ca29516a68c37c8dc766dc39e8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
A liraglutida é um análogo do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1), já utilizada comercialmente para o tratamento da Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que também mostra resultados na redução da ingestão alimentar e consequente redução do peso corporal. A associação do exercício físico com a liraglutida pode ser um importante meio de controle do metabolismo lipídico e ocasionalmente tratamento de alterações metabólicas como a obesidade. O objetivo do nosso trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da liraglutida, análogo do GLP-1 associado ao exercício físico nos parâmetros metabólicos, bioquímicos e antropométricos de ratos normais e obesos, induzidos por dieta de cafeteria. O experimento iniciou-se aos 21 dias de vida dos animais, estes foram divididos em oito grupos: Quatro controles (CON) recebendo ração padrão e agua ad libitum; quatro obesos (OBESO) recebendo a dieta de cafeteria ad libitum, adicionada a dieta padrão; subdivididos em (CON LIRA e OBESO LIRA) recebendo injeções subcutâneas de liraglutida dos 80 aos 90 dias de vida; (CON EXE LIRA e OBESO EXE LIRA) com intervenção da liraglutida e submetidos a natação por 15 minutos, três dias por semana e (CON EXE e OBESO EXE) somente com intervenção do exercício físico. Os resultados dos animais obesos demonstraram que a liraglutida reduziu, somente o consumo alimentar no final do experimento. O exercício físico mostrou melhores resultados na redução da gordura mesentérica, epididimal, retroperitoneal, níveis circulantes de glicose, índice de Lee, ganho de peso dos 80-90 dias de vida e aumentou o peso da glândula adrenal nos animais obesos, nos animais controle reduziu o peso do pâncreas, índice de Lee e colesterol total. A associação do exercício físico com a liraglutida apresentou melhores resultados na redução do peso corporal no final do experimento, redução do consumo dos 80-90 dias de vida, peso do fígado, níveis circulantes de triglicerídeos e insulina, índice HOMA-IR, nos animais obesos, porém aumentou o TNF-α nos animais obesos e controles. Concluímos que a intervenção com o exercício físico foi eficaz na redução de alguns parâmetros relacionados ao desenvolvimento da obesidade, porém a sua associação com a liraglutida por 10 dias mostra melhores resultados na redução do peso corporal, consumo alimentar e parâmetros bioquímicos, em animais obesos obtidos por dieta de cafeteria.
Liraglutide is an analog of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), already commercially used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which also shows results in the reduction of food intake and consequent reduction of body weight. The association of physical exercise with liraglutide may be an important means of controlling lipid metabolism and, occasionally, the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of liraglutide, GLP-1 analog associated with physical exercise on metabolic, biochemical and anthropometric parameters of normal and obese rats, induced by the cafeteria diet. The experiment started at the 21 days of life of the animals, which these divided into eight groups: Four controls (CON) receiving standard chow and water ad libitum; four obese (OBESO) receiving the cafeteria diet ad libitum, added to the standard diet. The animals were further subdivided into (CON LIRA and OBESO LIRA) receiving subcutaneous injections of liraglutide from 80 to 90 days of life; (CON EXE LIRA and OBESO EXE LIRA) with intervention of liraglutide and submitted to swimming for 15 minutes, three days a week and (CON EXE and OBESO EXE) only with physical exercise intervention. The results of obese animals show that liraglutide reduced only food intake at the end of experiment. The physical exercise show better results in the reduction of the mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal fat pad, circulating levels of glucose, Lee index, weight gain from 80-90 days of life and increased adrenal gland weight in obese animals, in control animals reduced the weight of the pancreas, Lee index and total cholesterol. The association of exercise with liraglutide show better results in reducing body weight at the end of the experiment, food intake of the 80-90 days of life, liver weight, circulating levels of triglycerides and insulin, HOMA-IR index, in obese animals, but increased the TNF-α in obese and control animals. We conclude that the intervention with physical exercise was effective in reducing some parameters related to the development of obesity, but its association with liraglutide for 10 days show that better results in reducing body weight, food intake and biochemical parameters in obese animals obtained by cafeteria diet.
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Caleiro, Eliana Miranda. "Efeito da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/265.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-22This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) on lipid parameters, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 48 rats divided into 3 groups (8 males and 8 females): CONTROL group: fed with commercial ration; OBESE Group: fed with cafeteria diet or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD); OBESE+COCO Group: PHD and supplemented with EVCO. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TG), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal and scrotal fat.It was noted that different effects were observed in obese and supplemented males and females. Females in OBESE group had significant elevation of total cholesterol, effect not attenuated by supplementation with EVCO. In TG, oil supplementation has proved beneficial, causing a reduction in serum levels in males and females. In the OBESE group, marked increase in LDL in females, and slightly increased in males were observed, and the supplementation with EVCO was more effective in lowering LDL in males than in females. In relation to HDL, the OBESE group revealed decrease in males but not in females, while in the OBESE + COCO group increased HDL occurred for both genders. The CONTROL and OBESE+COCO groups showed weight gain starting in the fourth and sixth weeks in males and females, respectively, while the OBESE group had won the starting third week in males and at the sixth week in females. Males had weights higher than females at twelve weeks evaluated. In weighing the retroperitoneal fat was observed lower values in CONTROL group, males showed higher values for females of all groups. The scrotal fat weight in the OBESE+COCO group was superior to CONTROL, and as well as circumference. In conclusion, the EVCO supplementation inobese rats showed lipid-lowering effects, mainly in males. However, the practice was not effective in reducing body weight in both genders, and promotes greater accumulation of abdominal fat in males, a risk factor for heart disease. Therefore, when performing EVCO supplementation should be considered where the desired benefit, gender and the possible effects that this supplement can produce.
Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem (OCEV) sobre os parâmetros lipídicos, peso, medidas e depósito de gordura corporal de ratos machos e fêmeas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Foram estudados 48 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos (8 machos e 8 fêmeas): Grupo CONTROLE: alimentados com ração comercial; Grupo OBESO: alimentados com dieta de cafeteria ou palatável hiperlipídica (DPH); Grupo OBESO+COCO: alimentados com DPH e suplementados com OCEV. Os animais foram pesados a cada 7 dias, e nas semanas 5 e 12 foram aferidas medidas de cintura corporal. Após 12 semanas foi realizada coleta de sangue para determinação do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL), triglicérides (TG) e glicose, bem como coleta e pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal e escrotal nos machos. Tanto a obesidade, quanto a suplementação do OCEV, produziram diferentes efeitos em machos e fêmeas. Fêmeas do grupo OBESO apresentaram importante elevação do colesterol total, efeito não atenuado pela suplementação com OCEV. No TG, a suplementação do óleo revelou-se benéfica, causando redução dos níveis séricos em machos e fêmeas. No grupo OBESO houve acentuado aumento do LDL nas fêmeas, e discreto aumento em machos, sendo que a suplementação com OCEV foi mais eficaz na redução do LDL em machos que em fêmeas. Em relação ao HDL, o grupo OBESO apresentou redução em machos, mas não em fêmeas, enquanto no grupo OBESO+COCO houve aumento do HDL para os dois gêneros. Os grupos CONTROLE e OBESO+COCO apresentaram ganho de peso a partir da quarta e sexta semanas do estudo em machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, enquanto o grupo OBESO apresentou ganho a partir da terceira semana nos machos e sexta semana nas fêmeas. Os machos tiveram pesos superiores aos das fêmeas nas 12 semanas avaliadas. Na pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal observou-se valores inferiores no grupo CONTROLE, e os machos apresentaram valores superiores ao das fêmeas de todos os grupos. O peso da gordura escrotal no grupo OBESO+COCO foi superior ao CONTROLE, assim como a circunferência abdominal. Conclui-se que a suplementação do OCEV em ratos obesos demonstrou efeitos hipolipemiantes, predominantemente em machos. Entretanto, a prática não foi eficaz em reduzir o peso corporal em ambos os gêneros, além de promover maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal em machos, fator de risco para doenças do coração. Portanto, ao realizar suplementação com OCEV deve-se considerar qual o benefício desejado, o gênero e os possíveis efeitos que este suplemento pode produzir.
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Higa, Talita Sayuri. "Potencial do treinamento físico aeróbio para a prevenção do diabetes tipo 2 induzido por dieta de cafeteria: papel do tecido adiposo branco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-05022013-081445/.
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Evidências na literatura demonstraram que o aumento da adiposidade confere maior suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2, pois o tecido adiposo branco (TAB) atua na regulação da homeostasia energética e da sensibilidade à insulina através da sua atividade endócrina e de interações com reguladores neuroendócrinos. O treinamento físico aeróbio tem sido fortemente recomendado para a prevenção e tratamento do diabetes tipo 2, pois promove adaptações no metabolismo energético que contribuem diretamente para a melhora da resposta glicêmica e para o controle de peso corporal. Embora esteja claro na literatura o papel do treinamento físico contra o desenvolvimento de distúrbios no metabolismo da glicose e obesidade, uma lacuna de conhecimento ainda existe quando buscamos informações a respeito da participação metabólica do TAB na prevenção do diabetes tipo 2 através do treinamento físico aeróbio. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a hipótese de que o efeito protetor do treinamento físico contra o desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2 é mediado por adaptações funcionais do TAB. Para isso, foram utilizados camundongos alimentados com dieta normocalórica e de cafeteria submetidos ou não ao treinamento físico aeróbio. O treinamento físico aeróbio foi eficaz para a prevenção do diabetes tipo 2, e essa resposta foi associada à menor adiposidade corporal resultante do aumento da lipólise e da capacidade oxidativa do TAB induzido pela maior ativação via da AMPK/ACCEvidence in the literature have shown that increased adiposity confers greater susceptibility to developing type 2 diabetes and white adipose tissue (WAT) acts in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin sensibility through its endocrine activity and interaction with neuroendocrine regulators. Aerobic physical training has been strongly recommended for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes because it promotes adaptations in the energy metabolism that contribute directly to the improvement of glycemic metabolism and body weight control. Although it is clear in the literature the role of physical training against the development of disturbances in the glucose metabolism and obesity, the role of WAT to prevent type 2 diabetes through physical training was poorly investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the protective effect of physical training against the development of type 2 diabetes is mediated by functional adaptations of WAT. For this, we used mice fed with control or cafeteria diet and submitted or not to aerobic physical training. The physical training was effective for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, and this response was associated with lower body fat due to increased lipolysis and oxidative capacity of WAT induced by the activation of AMPK/ACC
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Ulsenheimer, Bruna Hart. "Estudo da derivação duodenojejunal sobre a estrutura das fibras musculares e junções neuromusculares do músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/664.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Concerning obesity, the diaphragm dynamics can be impaired due to the excess of fat deposited in thorax and abdomen, leading to changes in respiratory function. A technique of bariatric surgery known as duodenal-jejunal bypasses (DJB) has been investigated as a treatment strategy in obesity and its comorbidities. However, the effects of this procedure on skeletal muscles have not yet been observed. The present study aimed at investigating the DJB effects on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle fibers of diaphragm of obese rats induced by cafeteria diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (CTL) that received a standard diet and water, and Western Diet group (WD) that received a cafeteria diet and soft drink for 10 weeks. After this period, WD group was distributed into two groups: WD sham-operated rats (WD SHAM); and WD DJB-operated rats (WD DJB). Following surgery, both the WD groups continued to receive the cafeteria diet. After eight weeks, the animals were euthanized and samples of diaphragm muscle were collected to analyze its fibers, quantify its collagen and evaluate NMJs morphometric. WD SHAM rats displayed an increase in body weight, the Lee index and retroperitoneal and peri-epididymal fat pads compared to the CTL group and DJB surgery did not alter these parameters. The muscle fiber structure and NMJs were similar in the WD SHAM and CTL groups. However, the WD SHAM group showed alterations in the fiber ultrastructure, such as loosely arranged myofibrils and Z line disorganization in the diaphragm. In addition, WD SHAM animals presented a considerable amount of lipid droplets and a reduction in the percentage of collagen in diaphragm muscle compared to the CTL group. DJB did not affect the structure or ultrastructure of the muscle fibers or the NMJs in the diaphragm of the WD DJB animals. Two months after the procedure, DJB did not improve the alterations observed in the diaphragm of WD obese-rats.
Na obesidade, a dinâmica do músculo diafragma pode ser prejudicada pelo excesso de tecido adiposo depositado no tórax e abdome, levando a alterações na mecânica respiratória. Uma técnica de cirurgia bariátrica conhecida como a derivação duodenojejunal (DDJ) tem sido investigada como estratégia de tratamento na obesidade e em suas comorbidades. Todavia, os efeitos desse procedimento sobre a musculatura esquelética ainda não foram observados. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da DDJ sobre as junções neuromusculares (JNMs) e nas fibras musculares do músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria. Ratos Wistar machos foram separados em dois grupos: grupo controle (CTL) que recebeu dieta padrão e água, e grupo cafeteria (CAF) que recebeu dieta de cafeteria e refrigerante durante 10 semanas. Após este período, o grupo CAF foi distribuído em dois grupos: Grupo cafeteria submetido à falsa operação (CAF SHAM) e Grupo cafeteria submetido à DDJ (CAF DDJ). Após a cirurgia, ambos os grupos CAF continuaram a receber a dieta de cafeteria. Passadas oito semanas, os animais foram eutanasiados e amostras do músculo diafragma foram coletadas para análise das fibras musculares, quantificação de colágeno e avaliação morfométrica das JNMs. Os animais do grupo CAF SHAM apresentaram aumento do peso corporal, no índice de Lee e nas gorduras retroperitoneal e periepididial quando comparado ao grupo CTL e a cirurgia de DDJ não reverteu este parâmetro. A estrutura das fibras musculares e das JNMs foram semelhante entre os grupos CAF SHAM e CTL. No entanto, o grupo CAF SHAM apresentou alterações na ultraestrutura das fibras como miofibrilas frouxamente arranjadas e desorganização de linha Z no músculo diafragma. Além disso, o grupo CAF SHAM apresentou uma quantidade considerável de gotículas de lipídios e redução na porcentagem de colágeno quando comparado ao grupo CTL. A DDJ não afetou a estrutura e a ultraestrutura das fibras musculares ou das JNMs do músculo diafragma dos animais do grupo CAF DDJ. Dois meses após o procedimento, a DDJ não melhorou as alterações observadas no músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria.
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Goularte, Jeferson Ferraz. "Efeitos da modificação alimentar e exercício físico sobre alterações produzidas pela dieta de cafeteria em ratas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/34142.
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A obesidade afeta um número considerável de pessoas em todo o mundo e é caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo. A epidemia de obesidade parece ser o resultado de mudanças nos alimentos, nos hábitos alimentares e nos níveis de atividade física, sendo que a obesidade é considerada um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de doenças como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Recentemente, a distribuição de gordura corporal na região intra-abdominal passou a ser mais importante para o entendimento das desordens metabólicas relacionadas à obesidade do que propriamente a deposição geral de gordura corporal. Os modelos animais são frequentemente utilizados para o estudo da obesidade e desordens associadas, sendo que a dieta de cafeteria é um modelo animal que reproduz de forma aproximada o padrão alimentar observado em muitos países e que está associado com a epidemia de obesidade. Para tratar a obesidade e suas complicações, modificações do padrão alimentar e a prática de exercício físico são fortemente recomendadas. Assim, considerando que a obesidade está associada a modificações do estilo de vida e mudanças no padrão alimentar, o presente estudo testou a hipótese de que o quadro de obesidade e as alterações metabólicas produzidas pela dieta de cafeteria podem ser revertidas com a modificação alimentar e/ou exercício físico. Foram utilizadas ratas com 21 dias de idade expostas inicialmente ao experimento 1 que estudou o “Efeito da dieta de cafeteria desde o desmame sobre a ingestão alimentar, peso corporal, peso dos órgãos, pressão arterial, ciclo estral, concentrações plasmáticas de insulina e glicose após 26 semanas” enquanto o experimento 2 avaliou o “Efeito da modificação alimentar e/ou exercício físico por 8 semanas sobre os desfechos produzidos pela dieta de cafeteria.” No experimento 1 os animais receberam dieta de cafeteria ou ração padrão e água por 26 semanas. No experimento 2 alguns animais foram mantidos no mesmo regime do experimento 1 por 34 semanas, enquanto outros animais foram mantidos no mesmo regime do experimento 1 e submetidos ao exercício ou à retirada da dieta de cafeteria por 8 semanas. Os resultados mostraram que a dieta de cafeteria resultou em menor ingestão de ração padrão, ganho de peso corporal, aumento de tecido adiposo visceral e do peso do fígado e redução do peso ovariano, além de resistência insulínica após 26 semanas de intervenção, porém sem piora da regularidade do ciclo estral ou do comportamento sexual. A retirada da dieta resultou em ingestão energética semelhante aos controles, além de reduzir o peso corporal, o peso do tecido adiposo visceral e o peso do fígado. Adicionalmente, o exercício físico foi capaz de aumentar a ingestão de água e a ingestão energética total, porém sem afetar o peso corporal ou a massa de tecido adiposo, além de aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina. Assim, o presente trabalho concluiu que a exposição à alimentação industrializada provocou obesidade e alterações metabólicas associadas e que a mudança de alimentação foi suficiente para melhorar o padrão alimentar e os desfechos produzidos pela dieta de cafeteria e que o exercício foi capaz de aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina mesmo em ratos obesos com um padrão alimentar contendo alimentos industrializados e de baixo valor nutricional.Obesity affects a large number of people around the world and is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. The obesity epidemic appears to be the result of changes in food, eating habits and levels of physical activity. The obesity is considered an important risk factor for the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, body fat distribution in intra-abdominal region has become more important for the understanding of metabolic disorders related to obesity than actually the general distribution of body fat. Animal models are often used for the study of obesity and associated disorders, and the cafeteria diet is an animal model which reproduces the approximate feeding pattern observed in many countries and is associated with the obesity epidemic. To treat obesity and its complications, changes in dietary patterns and physical exercise are strongly recommended. Thus, considering that obesity is associated with changes in lifestyle and changes in eating patterns, this study tested the hypothesis that obesity and metabolic changes produced by the cafeteria diet can be reversed with dietary modification or exercise. We used 21-day-old female rats which were initially exposed to experiment 1, which studied the “Effect of cafeteria diet from weaning on food intake, body weight, organ weight, blood pressure, estrous cycle and plasma insulin and glucose level after 26 weeks” while the experiment 2 evaluated the "Effect of dietary modification and exercise for 8 weeks on the outcomes produced by the cafeteria diet. Initially the animals were fed a cafeteria diet or chow and water for 26 weeks. In the second experiment some animals were kept in the same scheme of experiment 1 for 34 weeks, while other animals were kept in the same scheme of the experiment 1 and submitted to exercise or withdrawal of the cafeteria diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that the cafeteria diet resulted in chow intake reduction, weight gain, increased visceral adipose tissue and liver weight, and reduced ovarian weight, besides insulin resistance after 26 weeks of intervention, but with no worsening of the regular estrous cycle or sexual behavior. The withdrawal of the cafeteria diet led to an energy intake similar to the control group, besides reduced body weight, visceral adipose tissue and liver weight. Additionally, exercise was able to increase the water intake and total energy intake, without affecting body weight or adipose tissue mass, and improve insulin sensitivity. Thus, this study found that exposure to industrialized food caused obesity and related metabolic disorders and that the change of diet was sufficient to increase chow intake and the outcomes produced by the cafeteria diet, and that exercise was able to increase insulin sensitivity even in obese rat submitted to diet containing industrialized foods.
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Doghri, Yosra. "Syndrome métabolique chez le rat spontanément hypertendu : Etude des effets des modulateurs de la voie du GMPc sur la réactivité cardiovasculaire et sur la composition du microbiote intestinal." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ONIR133F.
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Le syndrome métabolique associe plusieurs facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires chez le même individu. Des études ont montré une altération de la voie de signalisation du NO/GMPc au cours du syndrome métabolique. Le premier objectif de cette thèse a été d’étudier la modification de la fonction cardiaque globale et de la réactivité vasculaire des rats spontanément hypertendus (SHR) soumis à un régime hypercalorique de type « cafeteria diet » (CD). Dans un second temps, les effets de l’administration chronique des modulateurs de la voie du GMPc ont été évalués sur les paramètres métaboliques et la fonction circulatoire par des approches in vivo et ex vivo sur cœur et aorte isolés. Le microbiote intestinal apparait depuis quelques années comme un nouveau facteur impliqué dans la pathogenèse du syndrome métabolique et des altérations qui lui sont associées. Ainsi, une troisième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l’analyse du microbiote intestinal chez les SHR avant et après traitements. Cette étude a montré que le régime CD induit les différentes composantes du syndrome métabolique. Ces anomalies étaient associées à une altération de la contractilité cardiaque et vasculaire ainsi qu’à une altération de la vasorelaxation induite par l’insuline. De plus, notre étude a montré des modifications dans la composition du microbiote intestinal à l’échelle « famille » et « espèce ». L’activation chronique de la voie du GMPc a amélioré les paramètres métaboliques mesurés in vivo et a rétabli partiellement la fonction circulatoire. Notre étude a montré pour la première fois les effets de la modulation de la voie du GMPc sur la composition du microbiote intestinalThe metabolic syndrome associates several cardiovascular risk factors in the same individual. Studies have already shown an alteration of the NO / cGMP signaling pathway during metabolic syndrome. The first aim of this thesis was to study the modification of the global cardiac function and the vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to a hypercaloric diet called "cafeteria diet" (CD). In a second step, effects of chronic administration of cGMP pathway modulators were evaluated on metabolic parameters and cardiovascular function using in vivo and ex vivo approaches on isolated heart and aorta. The gut microbiota has emerged for some years as a new factor involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and associated alterations. Thus, a third part of the thesis was devoted to the analysis of gut microbiota in SHR before and after treatment. This study has shown that CD diet induces the different components of metabolic syndrome. These abnormalities were associated with impaired cardiac and vascular contractility and an altered insulin-induced vasorelaxation. On the other hand, our study showed changes in the gut microbiota composition at the "family" and "species" level. Chronic activation of the cGMP pathway improved metabolic parameters measured in vivo and partially restored cardiovascular function. Our study showed for the first time, the effects of cGMP pathway modulators on gut microbiota composition
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Capelassi, Angélica Novi. "Efeitos da gastrectomia vertical sobre o trato gastrointestinal em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3254.
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Obesity is a risk factor in the development of many diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In addition, it is associated with the development of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as gastroesophageal reflux and gastritis. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the only effective long-term treatment modality sustained effects for the treatment of morbid obesity and its comorbidities. Studies have shown that bariatric procedures affect the morphology and function of the GIT. Few studies have investigated the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a restrictive technique that reduces the size of the stomach on the GIT. Thus, our objective was to analyze the effect of SG on gastric histopathology and the morphology of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) in obese rats fed a cafeteria diet. For this study, 8-week-old Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (CTL), which received standard diet, and cafeteria (CAF), which received cafeteria diet to induce obesity. After two months, the CAF group underwent pseudo-surgery (CAF PS) or sleeve gastrectomy (CAF SG). At three months after surgery obesity was verified and stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected and analyzed. Body weight and retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat pads were higher in CAF PS animals compared to the CTL. The SG did not influence these parameters. Regarding the morphology of the stomach, we observed that the CTL animals showed normal morphology of this organ, while the CAF PS animals showed changes in the gastric mucosa with the presence of hyperemia, mild inflammatory infiltrate and diffuse in the mucosa and submucosa, as well as mild erosion of the gastric mucosa and atrophy. The SG exacerbated changes in the stomach. CAF SG animals showed severe erosion of the gastric mucosa, edema, moderate and diffuse inflammatory infiltrate in the mucosa and submucosa, as well as atrophy of the muscular layer and the body of the mucosa. In relation to morphometry of the small intestine, no changes were found in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of CAF PS and CTL animals. However, CAF SG animals showed increase in total thickness of the duodenum, as well as increase in the thickness of the mucosa and submucosa layer and villi. The jejunum and ileum showed no change. In the summary cafeteria diet causes changes in the gastric mucosa without changing the small intestine. The SG, three months after the procedure, exacerbates gastric alterations and promotes changes in the duodenum morphometry.
A obesidade é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de várias doenças, tais como diabetes e hipertensão. Além disso, está associada com o desenvolvimento de doenças no trato gastrointestinal (TGI), como refluxo gastroesofágico e gastrite. A cirurgia bariátrica tem provado ser a única modalidade de tratamento eficaz com efeitos sustentados por longo prazo para o tratamento da obesidade mórbida e suas comorbidades. Estudos demonstram que os procedimentos bariátricos alteram a morfologia e o funcionamento do TGI. Poucos estudos investigam os efeitos da gastrectomia vertical (GV), uma técnica restritiva que reduz o tamanho do estômago, sobre o TGI. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo foi analisar o efeito da GV sobre a histopatologia gástrica e a morfologia do intestino delgado (duodeno, jejuno e íleo) em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria. Para este trabalho, ratos Wistar com 8 semanas de vida foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (CTL), que recebeu dieta padrão, e cafeteria (CAF), que recebeu dieta de cafeteria para indução da obesidade. Após dois meses, o grupo CAF foi submetido à pseudo-cirurgia (CAF PC) ou à gastrectomia vertical (CAF GV). Três meses após o procedimento cirúrgico foi realizada a avaliação da obesidade e o estômago, duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram coletados e analisados. O peso corporal e o peso das gorduras retroperitonial e perigonadal foi maior nos animais CAF PC em comparação com os CTL. A GV não influenciou estes parâmetros. Em relação a morfologia do estômago, observamos que os animais CTL apresentaram morfologia normal desse órgão, enquanto os animais CAF PC apresentaram alterações na mucosa gástrica com presença de hiperemia, infiltrado inflamatório leve e difuso na mucosa e submucosa, bem como.leve erosão da mucosa gástrica e atrofia. A GV exacerbou as alterações no estômago. Os animais CAF GV apresentaram erosão intensa da mucosa gástrica, edema, infiltrado inflamatório moderado e difuso na mucosa e submucosa, bem como atrofia da camada muscular e da mucosa do órgão. Em relação a morfometria do intestino delgado, nenhuma alteração foi encontrada no duodeno, jejuno e íleo entre os animais CAF PC e CTL. Entretanto, os animais CAF GV apresentaram aumento da espessura total do duodeno, bem como, aumento na espessura da camada mucosa e submucosa e na altura das vilosidades. O jejuno e o íleo não apresentaram modificações. Assim, concluímos que, a dieta de cafeteria promove alterações na mucosa gástrica sem modificar o intestino delgado. A GV, três meses após o procedimento, exacerba as alterações gástricas e promove modificações na morfometria do duodeno
Books on the topic "Cafeteria diets"
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Pike, Jo. The moral geographies of children, young people, and food: Beyond Jamie's school dinners. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Doyle, Laura E. Project FLASH: Recipes for health-Filipino American style. San Diego, CA: Kalusugan, 1998.
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California, Legislature Senate Select Committee on Family Child and Youth Development. Childhood obesity and the role of California's schools: Joint informational hearing of the Senate Select Committee on Family, Child, and Youth Development, Senate Committee on Health and Human Services, and Senate Committee on Education. Sacramento, CA (1020 N Street, Sacramento): Additional copies, Senate Publications, 2001.
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ill, Duivenvoorden Yvonne, ed. What's for lunch?: How schoolchildren eat around the world. Brighton, Mass: Red Deer Press, 2012.
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Team Nutrition (Program : U.S.), ed. Team Nutrition school activity planner: A how-to guide for Team Nutrition schools and supporters. Alexandria, VA (3101 Park Center Dr., Room 802, Alexandria 22302): Team Nutrition, USDA, 1997.
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Kelly, Peter, and Jo Pike. Moral Geographies of Children, Young People and Food: Beyond Jamie's School Dinners. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Seikatsu-sha, Shufu to. Shiseidō shain shokudō no "Kenbi shoku" innā byūtī. 2014.
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A, Stallings Virginia, Yaktine Ann L, and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools, eds. Nutrition standards for foods in schools: Leading the way toward healthier youth. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2007.
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Medicine, Institute of, Committee on Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools, Ann L. Yaktine, and Virginia A. Stallings. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. National Academies Press, 2007.
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(Editor), Virginia A. Stallings, and Ann L. Yaktine (Editor), eds. Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youth. National Academies Press, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cafeteria diets"
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Menhofer, D., M. Bielohuby, BJM Stoehr, and M. Bidlingmaier. "Metabolic Consequences of High-Fat Cafeteria Diets in Rats: Comparison of Ad Libitum and Pair Feeding Settings." In The Endocrine Society's 92nd Annual Meeting, June 19–22, 2010 - San Diego, P3–468—P3–468. Endocrine Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2010.part3.p10.p3-468.
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NAIM, MICHAEL, JOSEPH G. BRAND, and MORLEY R. KARE. "Role of Variety of Food Flavor in Fat Deposition Produced by a “Cafeteria” Feeding of Nutritionally Controlled Diets." In Interaction of the Chemical Senses with Nutrition, 269–92. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397855-4.50023-2.
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Tironi, Lia Mara Teobaldo, Allan Cezar Faria Araujo, Sandra Lucinei Balbo, Marcia Miranda Torrejais, and Angelica Soares. "EFEITOS DA DERIVAÇÃO DUODENOJEJUNAL SOBRE A MORFOLOGIA DO DUODENO EM RATOS OBESOS COM DIETA DE CAFETERIA." In Consolidação do Potencial Científico e Tecnológico das Ciências Biológicas 2, 68–79. Atena Editora, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.4922002127.
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Oliveira, Maria Aparecida de Lima, Lívia Bruni de Souza, Francielle de Cássia Silva, Hudsara Aparecida de Almeida Paula, Thaiany Goulart de Souza e. Silva, and Débora Vasconcelos Bastos Marques. "EFEITO DA DIETA DE CAFETERIA ASSOCIADA A FRUTANOS TIPO INULINA SOBRE O GANHO PONDERAL EM RATOS WISTAR." In Análise Crítica das Ciências da Saúde 3, 212–17. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.78219071022.
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Pasqualotto, Karoline Rodrigues, Janaini Brunoski, Any Karoline Almeida, Marília Rizzi, Rosane Aparecida Ribeiro, Marcelo Paulo Bueno da Silva, Mário Augusto Cray da Costa, and Dionizia Xavier Scomparin. "AÇÕES DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM CASEÍNA SOBRE A OBESIDADE E HOMEOSTASE DA GLICOSE EM RATAS ALIMENTADAS COM DIETA DE CAFETERIA." In Patologia: Molecular, humana e experimental, 67–78. Atena Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1632128067.
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Silva, Leticia Massochim da, Mylena de Campos Oliveira, Allan Cézar Faria Araujo, Marcia Miranda Torrejais, Maria Lúcia Bonfleur, Sandra Lucinei Balbo, and Angelica Soares. "MORFOLOGIA DA PAREDE JEJUNAL NA ALÇA COMUM EM RATOS OBESOS POR DIETA DE CAFETERIA E SUBMETIDOS À DERIVAÇÃO DUODENOJEJUNAL." In Saúde em Foco: doenças emergentes e reemergentes - Volume 2, 174–86. Editora Científica Digital, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/210304005.
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Bielohuby, Maximilian, Kerstin Stemmer, Jose Berger, Kathi Smith, Kenneth Parks, Juliane Ramisch, Paul T. Pfluger, Matthias H. Tschop, Randy J. Seeley, and Martin Bidlingmaier. "Ad LibitumConsumption of a High-Fat, Cafeteria-Style Diet Decreases the Effectiveness of Body-Weight Reductions Induced by Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Rats." In BASIC/TRANSLATIONAL - Diet, Nutrients & Obesity: Impact on Inflammation & Adipose Tissue, P3–359—P3–359. The Endocrine Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part3.p33.p3-359.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cafeteria diets"
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Silva, Anderson Ricardo Cantareli Da, Giulia Strapazzon, Marina Lummertz Magenis, Luiza Martins Longaretti, Ângela Beretta, Alexandre Pastoris Muller, and Vanessa Moraes de Andrade. "INFLUÊNCIA DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO VOLUNTÁRIO NA GLICEMIA, RESISTÊNCIA INSULÍNICA E GENOTOXICIDADE DE CAMUNDONGOS SUBMETIDOS À DIETA CAFETERIA." In Anais da Semana de Ciência e Tecnologia da Unesc. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/138676.11-5.
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Uzeda, V., G. M. Paraguassu, J. N. Dos Santos, M. J. Ramalho, T. T. Rodriguez, and L. M. P. Ramalho. "Laser photobiomodulation as an adjunct of the wound healing impairment of rats exposed to a cafeteria diet." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Michael R. Hamblin, James D. Carroll, and Praveen Arany. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2040807.
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Narvaez, Angie, and Patricia Prada. "Caracterização metagênomica da microbiota intestinal de camundongos alimentados com dieta cafeteria e avaliação das alterações na composição corporal e homeostase glicêmica." In Congresso de Iniciação Científica UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic2720191891.
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