Journal articles: 'CAF; Rejection'

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Liao, Dun Ming, Li Liang Chen, Jian Xin Zhou, and Rui Xiang Liu. "CAD/CAE Technology and its Application on Nonferrous Alloy Casting." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1113.

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The nonferrous alloy castings will be much demanded with the development of aerospace, light-weight weapons and automotive industry. Casting CAD/CAE technology has played an increasingly important role in foundry. It can help technician to design casting process and simulate heat transferring and molten metal flowing before actual production. Firstly, the main contents and basic principles, mathematical models of casting CAD and CAE were introduced. Secondly, the casting CAD/CAE technology route was interpreted, and then several CAD/CAE applications of casting process design and simulating were carried out on nonferrous alloys, such as aluminum, magnesium and copper. The results indicate that CAD/CAE technology can be applied to casting process design and predict casting defects which usually occur during the casting mold filling and solidification process, it can provide references to optimize casting process, so as to improve casting quality, reduce the rejection rate and shorten the development cycle of new products.

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Miao, Rui, Ying Wu, Pei Wang, Gongzheng Wu, Lei Wang, Xingfei Li, Jiaxuan Wang, Yongtao Lv, and Tingting Liu. "New insights into the humic acid fouling mechanism of ultrafiltration membranes for different Ca2+ dosage ranges: results from micro- and macro-level analyses." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 9 (March 28, 2018): 2265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.141.

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Abstract To reveal the mechanisms of the influence of Ca2+ on membrane fouling with humic acid (HA), the adhesion forces of HA with both other HA molecules and the membrane, the HA fouling layer structure, HA fouling experiments, and the HA rejections at a wide range of Ca2+ dosages were investigated. The results indicated that the effect of Ca2+ on HA fouling can be divided into three stages. At lower ionic strength (IS) of CaCl2, the change in electrostatic forces is the main factor in controlling HA fouling behavior; i.e., increasing Ca2+ dosages resulted in more serious membrane fouling. When the IS of CaCl2 reached 10 mM, HA aggregates became the dominant factor in the fouling process, which could result in a porous fouling layer accompanied by less membrane fouling. Interestingly, much weaker membrane fouling was observed when the IS increased to 100 mM and the HA rejection began to decline. This was because a stronger hydration repulsion force was generated, which could weaken the compactness of the fouling layer and the adhesion forces of HA with both the membrane and HA, while enabling smaller-sized HA to pass more easily into the permeate, which led to less membrane fouling and a lower HA rejection.

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Ochando-Pulido, J. M., and A. Martínez-Férez. "Regarding the rejection performance of a polymeric reverse osmosis membrane for the final purification of two-phase olive mill effluents previously treated by an advanced oxidation process." Grasas y Aceites 68, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0797161.

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In previous works on olive mill wastewater (OMW), secondary advanced oxidation treatment solved the problem related to the presence of phenolic compounds and considerable chemical oxygen demand. However, the effluent presented a significant salinity after this treatment. In this work, an adequate operation of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is addressed to ensure constant performance over a long period of time. In this paper, the effect of the operating parameters on the dynamic membrane rejection performance towards the target species was examined and discussed. Rejection efficiencies of all species were observed to follow a similar pattern, which consisted of slight initial improvement that further decreased over time. Rejection of both divalent ions remained constant at over 99% regardless of the operating conditions. Rejections were noticed to follow the order SO42- > Cl- > NO3- and Ca2+ > Mg2+> K+> Na+, as a rule. Divalent species were moderately more highly rejected than monovalent ones, in accordance with their higher charge and molecular size, and sulfate anions were consistently rejected by over 99%. Finally, the RO membrane exiting treated effluent was depleted of the high electro conductivity initially present (above 97% rejection), permitting its re-use as good quality irrigation water (below 1 mS/cm).

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Koyuncu, I., M. Yazgan, D. Topacik, and H. Z. Sarikaya. "Evaluation of the low pressure RO and NF membranes for an alternative tyreatment of Buyukcekmece Lake." Water Supply 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0013.

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The recent development of new generation LPRO and LPNF membranes has received attention for application in the field of wastewater and water treatment through an increasingly stringent regulation for drinking water purposes and water reclamation. This paper presents the pilot scale membrane separation studies on Buyukcekmece Lake in Istanbul with low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) and low pressure nanofiltration (LPNF) membranes. The application to treatment of anionic and cationic pollutants (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl–, SO42–, NO3–) has been investigated as a function of transmembrane pressure and recovery rate under very low pressure range (3, 4, 5, and 6 bars). Flux value increased with increasing pressure and the membrane type of TFC-S gave the highest fluxes. The rejections of ions were increased with transmembrane pressure for two types of membranes. TFC-HR membrane rejection performance was better than the TFC-S membrane for all anionic and cationic pollutants. As recovery rate rises, the rejections were decreased.

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Dubowski, Yael, Roni Greenberg-Eitan, and Menachem Rebhun. "Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors by Nanofiltration in Low-SUVA Drinking Water." Water 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101370.

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Trihalomethanes (THMs) are prevalent disinfection by-products. High THM formation is usually associated with natural organic matter with high molecular weight and aromatic characteristics, which is efficiently removed by nanofiltration (NF). In the Sea of Galilee and the Israeli National Water Carrier (NWC), water shows high THM formation potential, although it mainly contains low molecular weight and hydrophilic organic matter with low aromaticity. In the present study, NF removal abilities were tested on treated NWC water using three different spiral wound membranes (NF90, NF270, and DL). Rejections and fluxes were tested as a function of pressure, water recovery, and membrane type. Feed and permeate dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVA254, total THM formation (THMF), and total THM formation potential (THMFP), as well as alkalinity, conductivity, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− were measured to evaluate rejection and THM formation reduction. The results demonstrated that NF can efficiently remove natural organic matter (NOM) and reduce THM formation, even in this challenging type of water. At low water recovery, membranes showed average rejection of about 70–85% for THMFP and THM. Upon elevating recovery, average THM and THMFP rejection decreased to 55–70%, with THM content still well below regulation limits. Of the membranes tested, the higher permeability of NF270 appears to make it economically favorable for the applications tested in this work.

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Janqorban, M., A. Torabian, G. R. Nabi Bidhendi, and A. Safari. "The influence of divalent ions on the rejection of carbamazepine in the presence of humic acid by nanofiltration." Water Supply 10, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.174.

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Effect of calcium and magnesium ions and Natural Organic Matter (NOM) on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated by nanofiltration in this study. Water matrix which was used in these experiments was Tehran tap water and deionised water (DI) as control group. Effect of magnesium and calcium ions were examined by doubling the amount of target ions in tap water and Humic Acid (HA) was used as NOM. All the experiments have been conducted at three pressures to have more diverse operational condition. Rejection of carbamazepine in the presence of HA increased both in DI water and tap water; however, rejection was decreased in higher pressure due to concentration polarization. Both Ca2 + and Mg2 + decreased the CBZ rejection by reduction of CBZ-HA complexation; particularly, Ca2 + was more effective.

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Hu, De-En, Alistair M. Moore, Lindy L. Thomsen, and Kevin M. Brindle. "Uric Acid Promotes Tumor Immune Rejection." Cancer Research 64, no. 15 (August 1, 2004): 5059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1586.

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Adewole, Jimoh K., Taye S. Kazeem, and Tajudeen A. Oyehan. "Tuning the chemistry of seawater with activated clay: an application in SmartWater enrichment for enhanced oil recovery." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (June 29, 2020): 3905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00943-z.

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Abstract Studies on the interaction between crude oil, brine, and rock systems showed that the composition of water injected into the oil reservoir influences the amount of oil recovered from such a reservoir. Therefore, researchers are now emphasizing the use of SmartWater for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this research, the capability of activated clay to be used for tuning the chemistry of seawater for subsequent production of SmartWater was investigated. Filter cakes were formed using bentonite and its blends with raw clay and activated clay (which was produced in-house using locally obtained clay samples). The capability of the cakes to control the transport properties of permeating seawater was evaluated in terms of ion rejection. The average rejection for the raw clay cake for Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ is 4.45, 49.64, 53.33, and 94.43%, respectively. The rejection results for the mixed-matrix cake containing the activated clay were 6.38, 51.34, 86.19, and 78.09 for Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, respectively. It was observed that the selectivity of the filter cake for Mg2+ and Ca2+ was reversed due to the addition of the activated clay. Thus, activated clay possesses some potentials for SmartWater production for an EOR application.

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Indika, Suresh, Yuansong Wei, Dazhou Hu, Jegetheeswaran Ketharani, Tharindu Ritigala, Titus Cooray, M. A. C. K. Hansima, et al. "Evaluation of Performance of Existing RO Drinking Water Stations in the North Central Province, Sri Lanka." Membranes 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11060383.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) drinking water stations have been introduced to provide safe drinking water for areas with prevailing chronic kidney disease with unknown (CKDu) etiology in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. In this investigation, RO drinking water stations established by community-based organizations (CBO) in the North Central Province (NCP) were examined. Water samples were collected from source, permeate, and concentrate in each station to determine water quality and performance. Furthermore, the operators of the systems were interviewed to evaluate operational and maintenance practices to identify major issues related to the RO systems. Results show that the majority (>93%) of RO systems had higher salt rejection rates (>92%), while water recovery varied from 19.4% to 64%. The removal efficiencies of hardness and alkalinity were averaged at 95.8% and 86.6%, respectively. Most dominant ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Ba2+, Sr2+ Cl−, F−, and SO42− showed higher rejections at averaged values of 93.5%, 97.4%, 86.6%, 90.8%, 95.4%, 96.3%, 95.7%, 96.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. Low recovery rates, lower fluoride levels in product water, and membrane fouling were the main challenges. Lack of knowledge and training were the major issues that could shorten the lifespan of RO systems.

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Zhao, Changwei, Weihong Fan, Tao Wang, Deyin Hou, and Zhaokun Luan. "The effects of operating parameters on spiramycin removal by nanofiltration membrane." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 1512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.392.

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Spiramycin removal from wastewater using four nanofiltration (NF) membranes (NF270, NF90, ESNA1-K1 and ESNA1-LF2-LD) was studied. The effects of operating pressure, feed temperature, feed concentration, cation and anion ions on the permeate flux rate and spiramycin rejection were investigated. The results show that increasing operating pressure resulted in the increase of both permeate flux and spiramycin rejection. The flux rate increased almost linearly with temperature, while the spiramycin rejection decreased. The permeate flux rate declined relatively with increasing feed concentration of spiramycin for NF270 and ESNA1-LF2-LD membranes compared with NF90 and ESNA1-K membranes. The presence of cations reduced spiramycin rejection, with the strength of influence for the NF270 NF membrane following the order Mg2+>Ca2+>K+. The presence of anions also resulted in decreased spiramycin rejection, the strength of the effect following the order NO3−>Cl−>SO42− for the NF270 membrane.

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Smyth, M. J., M. W. L. Teng, J. Sharkey, J. A. Westwood, N. M. Haynes, H. Yagita, K. Takeda, P. V. Sivakumar, and M. H. Kershaw. "Interleukin 21 Enhances Antibody-Mediated Tumor Rejection." Cancer Research 68, no. 8 (April 15, 2008): 3019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6019.

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Duan, Fei, Yun Lin, Cailian Liu, Manuel E. Engelhorn, Adam D. Cohen, Michael Curran, Shimon Sakaguchi, et al. "Immune Rejection of Mouse Tumors Expressing Mutated Self." Cancer Research 69, no. 8 (April 7, 2009): 3545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2779.

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Zia, Ahmad, and Li Hong Qiao. "Parts Tolerance Allocation Based on Assembly Clearance Analysis and Product Functional Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.116.

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Geometric tolerances are assigned to avoid parts rejection in a manufacturing process while ensuring fulfillment of intended function. Selection of tolerance value is an important task which affects the overall product cost and performance both. The significance of tolerance value is more evident in case of mating parts where the dimension of more than one parts share responsibility of successful assembly and design. The objective of this research is to determine appropriate tolerance value based on assembly clearance analysis which takes into account relationship between assembly clearance and product performance parameters. The study is conducted through CAD-CAE integrated finite element analysis (FEA) simulations of the product process model. The results output help in distinguishing different tolerance levels which can be further probed for optimal, using available manufacturing resource capability data. The research output is a more practical tolerance value achieved based on product performance analysis as well as available resources and appropriate cost. The results obtained validate the utility of the approach presented in this paper.

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Qian, Lijuan, Haijing Wang, Jingyi Yang, Xiaolei Chen, Xue Chang, Yu Nan, Zhuanyan He, Peizhuo Hu, Wangsuo Wu, and Tonghuan Liu. "Amino Acid Cross-Linked Graphene Oxide Membranes for Metal Ions Permeation, Insertion and Antibacterial Properties." Membranes 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100296.

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Graphene oxide (GO) and its composite membranes have exhibited great potential for application in water purification and desalination. This article reports that a novel graphene oxide membrane (GOM) of ~5 µm thickness was fabricated onto a nylon membrane by vacuum filtration and cross-linked by amino acids (L-alanine, L-phenylalanine, and serine). The GOM cross-linked by amino acids (GOM-A) exhibits excellent stability, high water flux, and high rejection to metal ions. The rejection coefficients to alkali and alkaline earth metal ions through GOM-A were over 94% and 96%, respectively. The rejection coefficients decreased with an increasing H+ concentration. Metal ions (K+, Ca2+, and Fe3+) can be inserted into GOM-A layers, which enlarges the interlayer spacing of GOM-A and neutralizes the electronegativity of the membrane, resulting in the decease in the rejection coefficients to metal ions. Meanwhile, GOM-A showed quite high antibacterial efficiency against E. coli. With the excellent performance as described above, GOM-A could be used to purify and desalt water.

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Reinschke, K. J., J. Jantzen, and F. J. Evans. "Cad Techniques for a Structural Approach to Noninteraction and Disturbance Rejection." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 24, no. 8 (September 1991): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54227-5.

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Zhu, Meng-Lei, Anil Nagavalli, and Maureen A. Su. "Aire Deficiency Promotes TRP-1–Specific Immune Rejection of Melanoma." Cancer Research 73, no. 7 (January 31, 2013): 2104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3781.

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Van Hoovels, Lieve, Xavier Bossuyt, Mariangela Manfredi, Valentina Grossi, Maurizio Benucci, Stefanie Van Den Bremt, Heidi De Baere, et al. "Integrating quality assurance in autoimmunity: the changing face of the automated ANA IIF test." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 59, no. 7 (February 17, 2021): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-1669.

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Abstract Objectives Currently available computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for the detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay enable a standardized measurement of system-specific fluorescent intensity (FI) measures. We aimed to evaluate an internal quality control (iQC) program that controls the total ANA IIF process in routine practice. Methods In addition to the kit iQC materials, supplemental quality indicators were integrated in a total quality assurance (QA) program: patient-derived iQC’s samples (negative, 1/160 fine speckled and 1/160 homogeneous), median sample FI per run and percentage of ANA IIF positive samples per run. Analytical rejection criteria were based on the imprecision of the positivity index (PI) measure of the Zenit PRO system (Menarini). Clinical rejection criteria were based on changes in FI that correspond to a change in ANA IIF titer of ≥2. To evaluate the QA program, different artificial errors were introduced during the ANA IIF process. After every run, quality indicators were evaluated and compared to the pre-set target values. Results Rescanning the ANA IIF slides five times, using an old conjugate and a needle obstruction resulted in analytically and even clinically relevant errors in ANA IIF results. All errors were correctly detected by the different defined quality indicators. Traditional Westgard rules, including analytically (and clinically) defined rejection limits were useful in monitoring quality indicators. Conclusions The integration of a total process iQC program in CAD systems, based on the specific FI measurands and performance criteria of the system, adds value to QA.

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Alghamdi, Majed, and Adel El-Zahhar. "Cellulose acetate butyrate graphene oxide nanocomposite membrane: Fabrication, characterization, and performance." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq200128022a.

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In this study the effects of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on the physicochemical properties and performances of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) membranes were investigated. Nanocomposite membranes were fabricated using Cand a small amount of GO in the range of 0 to 0.07 wt.%, using a conventional phase-inversion method. Membranes were characterized by different methods and their performances were tested using a dead-end filtration system. Compared with pristine Cmembrane, experimental results demonstrated an improvement in features such as hydrophilicity, permeability, salt rejection, antifouling, and stability. The results proved an increase in the porosity and pore sizes of membranes with GO addition. Furthermore, the membrane containing 0.07 wt.% of GO exhibited a low contact angle of 37? and a dramatic improvement in water flux of about 450% (from 2 to 11 L/m2 h). Moreover, it demonstrated a salt rejection of 39% for NaCl and 87% for Na2SO4, corresponding to improvements of about 144% and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed a higher antifouling property with an 86% improvement in flux recovery and higher stability in terms of performance and thermal properties compared to CAB.

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Si, Fuchun. "Identification and expression distribution of esophageal carcinoma autoantigens." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e16520-e16520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16520.

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e16520 Background: To identify the autoantigen protein molecules with autoserum in the tissues from the esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients, analyze autoantigen expression distribution in EC tissues, so as to provide basis for the molecular pathogenesis and clinical medication of EC. Methods: 69 cases of EC patients tissues and serum and 81 cases of healthy people serum were collected, serological proteome analysis (SERPA) was modified with sequential extraction of subcellular protein fractions to identify esophageal oncopathgensis stages autoantigen with autoserum in the tissues from the EC patients. Another 93 cases of EC patients tissue were collected, immunohistochemical and western blot method were used to detect expression distribution of EC autoantigens in esophageal carcinoma tissue, para-carcinoma tissue and normal tissue. Results: Autoantigens CK13, CK16, CaD, ACTG2, tumor rejection antigen (gp96) 1 variant, heat shock protein gp96 precursor were identified, among wihich, CK16, CaD, ACTG2, tumor rejection antigen (gp96)1 variant, heat shock protein gp96 precursor were firstly reported as EC autoantigens. Expression of autoantigens CK16, CaD, ACTG2 were increased in EC carcinoma tissue than para-carcinoma tissue and normal tissue, while CK13 were decreased. Positive expression level of CK16 in normal tissue, para-carcinoma tissue and cancer tissue of EC patients was 0.0076±0.0033, 0.0158±0.0065, 0.0356±0.0165 respectively, CaD was 0.0085±0.0048, 0.0107±0.0056, 0.0177±0.0103 respectively, ACTG2 was 0.0091±0.0039, 0.0136±0.0043, 0.0214±0.0110 respectively, and CK13 was 0.2053±0.0311, 0.1633±0.0280, 0.0412±0.0239 respectively. Conclusions: 6 EC autoantigens were identified, and 5 were first reported. Autoantigens CK13, CK16, CaD and ACTG2 were expressed in EC patients carcinoma tissue, which can be the potential biomarkers of esophageal carcinoma. This study provides new basis for the EC molecular mechanism and development of molecular drugs.

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Bi, Qiuyan, Chao Zhang, Jiandong Liu, Qi Cheng, and Shiai Xu. "A nanofiltration membrane prepared by PDA-C3N4 for removal of divalent ions." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.092.

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Abstract In this study, a positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization for separation of divalent cations, whereby a nanomaterial (modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with poly(dopamine), PDA-C3N4) was incorporated into the active layer of the NF membrane. PDA-C3N4 sheets were synthesized from g-C3N4 sheets prepared by thermal oxidation of melamine, and the preparation conditions of NF membrane were also optimized. The results show that the roughness of PDA-C3N4 embedded NF membrane decreases, and the hydrophilicity and the permeation increase. The membrane also shows high rejection for divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) but low rejection (36.8%) for monovalent cation (Li+), as well as good fouling resistance performance. The fabricated membrane has the potential for treatment of industrial wastewater.

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Athanassakis, Irene. "Analysis of the IFN-γ-induced signal transduction pathway in fetal rejection." Mediators of Inflammation 4, no. 3 (1995): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0962935195000342.

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The placenta, one of the most important fetal tissues during gestation, ensures nutrition, development and protection of the fetus. Although placenta lacks expression of class II MHC antigens, they can be induced either by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on the spongiotrophoblast zone, or by 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) on the labyrinthine trophoblast zone, two agents actively participating in a plethora of immunological and inflammatory reactions. This induction is correlated with fetal abortion and fetal developmental abnormalities. In this work thein vitroandin vivosignal transduction pathways followed by IFN-γ or 5-azaC to induce class H antigen expression on placental cells by using specific pathway inhibitors has been studied. It is shown that at least three intracellular pathways are implicated in the Ia induction, p21rasis the first protein activated by the two agents while further signalling requires Ca2+mobilization and PKC activations. When thein vitroresults are transferred to live animals using the same inducing agents and pathway inhibitors, it is found that theophylline (Ca2+/CaM inhibitor) and anti-p21rasare the most potent suppressors of the IFN-γ- and 5-azaC-induced side effects during pregnancy. The data presented here point to novel directions not only as to the intracellular signalling, but also to the use of pathway inhibitorsin vivoto treat aberrant antigen expression associated with fetal loss.

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Aharinejad, S., O. Andrukhova, M. Gmeiner, A. Thomas, A. Aliabadi, A. Zuckermann, and M. Grimm. "509: Myocardial Expression of Calreticulin Predicts Ca2+-Dependent Cardiac Allograft Apoptosis in Rejection." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 28, no. 2 (February 2009): S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.516.

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Pradianti, Oryssa Sathalica, Winiati Pudji Rahayu, and Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi. "Kajian Kesesuaian Standar Cemaran Kimia (Logam Berat dan PAH) pada Produk Perikanan di Indonesia dengan Standar Negara Lain dan Codex." Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 14, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v14i1.560.

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AbstrakPangan dapat terkontaminasi oleh cemaran kimia karena penanganan dan pengolahan pangan yang tidak sesuai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengidentifikasi mayoritas penyebab penolakan produk perikanan Indonesia, 2) menelaah standar cemaran kimia pada produk perikanan, khususnya logam berat yang ada di Indonesia, Codex Alimentariurs Commision (CAC) dan negara-negara lain, serta 3) memberikan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah selaku regulator dalam proses perumusan suatu standar. Dokumen standar cemaran kimia pada produk perikanan dikumpulkan dari dokumen/peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM), Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN), CAC, dan 11 negara lain yaitu Uni Eropa, Kanada, China, Korea Selatan, Vietnam, Amerika Serikat, Jepang, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, dan Australia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 164 notifikasi penolakan produk perikanan Indonesia di Uni Eropa, Kanada, dan Korea Selatan selama 10 tahun (2008-2017), penolakan produk perikanan tertinggi disebabkan oleh adanya cemaran kimia merkuri dan metilmerkuri pada ikan todak sebesar 27%, kadmium pada gurita sebesar 5% dan benzo[a]piren pada ikan asap sebesar 3%. Batas maksimum cemaran kimia untuk arsen, kadmium, dan timbal (pada ikan predator) di Indonesia yang terdapat pada Peraturan Kepala (Perka) BPOM Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang terdapat di SNI 7387:2009 maupun yang ditetapkan oleh CAC serta negara lain. Indonesia telah menetapkan batas maksimum benzo[a]piren pada ikan asap, sementara itu CAC hanya menetapkan code of practice terhadap benzo[a]piren. Peraturan cemaran logam berat belum sepenuhnya dipedomani oleh para eksportir sehingga masih terdapat penolakan produk perikanan Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukkan masih perlu dilakukan pengawasan terkait kandungan logam berat yang terdapat pada produk perikanan di Indonesia. Code of practice terkait proses pengolahan pangan direkomendasikan untuk diterbitkan guna meminimalisir kandungan benzo[a]piren. Compliance Assessment of Chemical Contaminant Standard (Heavy Metal and PAH) for Fishery Products in Indonesia with those of Other Countries and CodexAbstractFood can be contaminated by chemical contamination through inappropriate food handling and processing. The purpose of this study aims to: 1) identify the chemical contamination caused majority of the rejection of Indonesia fishery products, 2) reviewing the chemical standards of contamination fishery products in Indonesia, Codex Alimentariurs Commision (CAC) and other countries, and 3) provide recommendations for the setting of chemical contamination standards in fishery products. Chemical contamination standards were collected from regulations issued by the Indonesia National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC), National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, CAC, and 11 other countries: European Union/EU, Canada, China, South Korea, Vietnam, United States of America, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Australia. The results showed that in the 10 years period (2008-2017), there were 164 rejection notifications in EU, Canada, and South Korea and the highest rejection was caused by chemical contamination i.e. 27% caused by mercury and methylmercury in swordfish, 5% caused by cadmium in octopus and 3% caused by benzo[a]pyrene in smoked fish. The maximum limit of chemical contamination for arsenic, cadmium, and lead (predatory fish) in Indonesia as stated in the Regulation of the Head of NADFC Number 5 of 2018 lower than the maximum limit set in SNI 7387: 2009 and sets in CAC and other countries. Indonesia set the maximum limit for benzo[a]pyrene in smoked fish, whereas CAC published the code of practice to avoid a benzo[a]pyrene formation. Regulations of maximum limit for heavy metal contamination have not been fully guided by fisheries exporters, so that there was still rejection of Indonesian fishery products. The action needed is tightening the monitoring of heavy metal in fishery products in Indonesia. Code of practice to avoid benzo[a]pyrene formation is recommended to set up to minimize the benzo[a]pyrene formation on food processing.

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Sektioglu, Ibrahim M., Rafael Carretero, Nadja Bulbuc, Tobias Bald, Thomas Tüting, Alexander Y. Rudensky, and Günter J. Hämmerling. "Basophils Promote Tumor Rejection via Chemotaxis and Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells." Cancer Research 77, no. 2 (November 22, 2016): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0993.

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Hou, Y. L., J. X. Li, Y. N. Gao, X. C. Xu, Y. Cai, and N. Yang. "Monitoring of CaSO4 deposition behaviors on biofilm during nanofiltration via ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR)." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.165.

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The ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) as a non-destructive real-time method was employed to monitor the CaSO4 deposition behaviors on biofilm during nanofiltration (NF). Two parallel experiments were performed to compare the different behaviors of CaSO4 deposition with and without biofilm on the membrane. Results showed that the flux decline during combined fouling was slower than that in case of CaSO4 fouling alone. The Ca2 + rejection obtained with biofilm was higher than that without. A larger acoustic differential signal obtained by UTDR in the combined fouling revealed a denser and thicker layer formed on the membrane surface. Furthermore, the amount of CaSO4 deposition on the biofouled membrane was more than that on non-biofouled membrane as a result of microorganisms as crystal nucleus to induce CaSO4 crystallization and deposition. SEM images indicate that the CaSO4 crystals deposited in order on the non-biofouled membrane, whereas on the biofouled membrane they were embedded in the biofilm. The denser and thicker fouling layer formed with biofilm was impermeable, resulting in a high Ca2 + rejection. The complexation of Ca with polysaccharide in biofilm would eliminate the cake-enhanced osmotic pressure effect leading to a slow flux decline. To sum up, the independent measurements corroborate the ultrasonic measurements.

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Schroeter, Laura, and François Schroeter. "Inscrutability and Its Discontents." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 566–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2020.4.

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AbstractOur main focus in this paper is Herman Cappelen’s claim, defended in Fixing Language, that reference is radically inscrutable. We argue that Cappelen’s inscrutability thesis should be rejected. We also highlight how rejecting inscrutability undermines Cappelen’s most radical conclusions about conceptual engineering. In addition, we raise a worry about his positive account of topic continuity through inquiry and debate.

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Mathaba, Machodi, and Michael Olawale Daramola. "Effect of Chitosan’s Degree of Deacetylation on the Performance of PES Membrane Infused with Chitosan during AMD Treatment." Membranes 10, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10030052.

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Acid mine drainage is an environmental problem associated with mining operations and activities. Its treatment is essential to achieving environmental sustainability. In this study, a polyethersulphone (PES) membrane infused with chitosan is proposed as a point-of-use material for treating acid mine drainage (AMD). The composite material explored the synergetic effect between chitosan and polymer, particularly considering the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan on the performance of membrane. Chitosan was produced from chitin under various synthesis process conditions and infused within polyethersulphone membrane. The results obtained show that chitosan with the highest degree of deacetylation was achieved with a temperature of 100 °C and NaOH concentration of 40 wt%. Increasing the temperature above 100 °C started degrading already formed or exposed amine groups, thus, reducing the DD of the chitosan sample. The contact angle and porosity analysis indicated that the hydrophilic nature of the membrane was enhanced with increasing DD of the chitosan. The performance of the membranes was conducted on a Dead-end filtration cell using synthetic acid mine drainage. The results showed that the flux and rejection of the membrane was enhanced with increasing degree of deacetylation. PES 5 and PES 1 were blended with chitosan having the highest (95.97%) and lowest (33.93%) degree of deacetylation, respectively. PES 5 reported pure water flux of 123 L/m2·h and PES 1 was recorded as 104 L/m2·h. Similarly, the rejection of the membrane was improved with increasing chitosan’s degree of deacetylation. PES 5 had higher rejection and PES 1 had the least rejection. Maximum rejection for the contaminants was determined as 98.05, 97.39, 96.25, 95.24 and 80.34% for Mn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and SO42−, respectively. The results obtained show that chitosan’s degree of deacetylation has a positive effect on the performance of polyethersulphone membrane during the treatment of acid mine drainage.

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Mangouchi, A., A. Cheikh, and Fethi Benkhenafou. "Program for Verification of the Specification Form "Circularity"." Advanced Materials Research 811 (September 2013): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.811.341.

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As part of the verification of geometric specifications of manufactured parts by the conventional method "of marble and dial gauge" variability measurement deviations probing points is highlighted in several swings of the test piece.Often metrologist cannot really confirm that the part is good or bad.To overcome this problem of acceptance or rejection of the mechanical part, we offer a CAD computer program for checking the specification form for circularity following experimental study.

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Verbrugge, Inge, Jim Hagekyriakou, Leslie L. Sharp, Mara Galli, Alison West, Nicole M. McLaughlin, Hélène Duret, et al. "Radiotherapy Increases the Permissiveness of Established Mammary Tumors to Rejection by Immunomodulatory Antibodies." Cancer Research 72, no. 13 (May 8, 2012): 3163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0210.

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Guiducci, Cristiana, Alain P. Vicari, Sabina Sangaletti, Giorgio Trinchieri, and Mario P. Colombo. "Redirecting In vivo Elicited Tumor Infiltrating Macrophages and Dendritic Cells towards Tumor Rejection." Cancer Research 65, no. 8 (April 15, 2005): 3437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4262.

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Worschech, Andrea, Maciej Kmieciak, Keith L. Knutson, Harry D. Bear, Aladar A. Szalay, Ena Wang, Francesco M. Marincola, and Masoud H. Manjili. "Signatures Associated with Rejection or Recurrence in HER-2/neu–Positive Mammary Tumors." Cancer Research 68, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 2436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6822.

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Monzavi-Karbassi, Behjatolah, Ping Luo, Fariba Jousheghany, Marta Torres-Quiñones, Gina Cunto-Amesty, Cecile Artaud, and Thomas Kieber-Emmons. "A Mimic of Tumor Rejection Antigen-Associated Carbohydrates Mediates an Antitumor Cellular Response." Cancer Research 64, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 2162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1532.

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Ali, Haggag. "The Frankfurt School at Egyptian Universities." Contemporary Arab Affairs 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2019.12.4.104.

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The critical theory of the Frankfurt School reached Egypt in 1955, when the Arabic translation of Erich Fromm’s The Sane Society (New York, 1955) was published in Cairo. Later, Herbert Marcuse’s Soviet Marxism (1958) was translated into Arabic in Beirut in 1965, and with the rise of student protests in France, Germany, and the United States, much attention was given to Marcuse; almost all his writings were translated into Arabic between 1969 and 1973. This article explores the nature of individual “receptions” of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School at Egyptian universities. To this end, it briefly introduces the early generation of the Frankfurt School, as well as the reasons of interest in its fate in Egyptian universities. Though master’s theses and doctoral dissertations do not represent a university’s orientation to critical theory, and at best represent the perspective of their individual authors, this article shows that key individual theses and dissertations testify to an early rejection of the Frankfurt School and to the late adoption of it as a critical paradigm of the transformations in Egyptian society.

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Lewis, Jennifer D., Michael H. Shearer, Ronald C. Kennedy, and Robert K. Bright. "Surrogate Tumor Antigen Vaccination Induces Tumor-Specific Immunity and the Rejection of Spontaneous Metastases." Cancer Research 65, no. 7 (April 1, 2005): 2938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2874.

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Gyawali, Jayanti, Mukesh Mallik, Deepak Adhikari, Sanjay Sah, Pooja Shah, and Surendra Maharjan. "Awareness regarding radiation knowledge among clinicians practicing in Bharatpur, Nepal." Radiography Open 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.1994.

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Missed lung lesions are one of the most frequent causes of malpractice issues, caused by several reasons; among them suboptimal radiography. When radiographers interpret acquired images of a patient, an acceptance or rejection must be decided. When a retake is required, radiographers need to know how to improve the image quality. Improvements in image quality properties as contrast, sharpness and noise often lead to improved perception, which in turn should enable more information to the observer and also allow computer-assisted detection (CAD) to be more successful.

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Han, Hongyi, Ruobin Dai, and Zhiwei Wang. "Fabrication of High-Performance Thin-Film Composite Nanofiltration Membrane by Dynamic Calcium-Carboxyl Intra-Bridging during Post-Treatment." Membranes 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10070137.

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Widespread applications of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO)-based processes for water purification and desalination call for high-performance thin-film composite (TFC) membranes. In this work, a novel and facile modification method was proposed to fabricate high-performance thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane by introducing Ca2+ in the heat post-treatment. The introduction of Ca2+ induced in situ Ca2+-carboxyl intra-bridging, leading to the embedment of Ca2+ in the polyamide (PA) layer. This post modification enhanced the hydrophilicity and surface charge of NF membranes compared to the pristine membrane. More interestingly, the modified membrane had more nodules and exhibited rougher morphology. Such changes brought by the addition of Ca2+ enabled the significant increase of water permeability (increasing from 17.9 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 to 29.8 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) while maintaining a high selectivity (Na2SO4 rejection rate of 98.0%). Furthermore, the intra-bridging between calcium and carboxyl imparted the NF membranes with evident antifouling properties, exhibiting milder permeability decline of 4.2% (compared to 16.7% of NF-control) during filtration of sodium alginate solution. The results highlight the potential of using Ca2+-carboxyl intra-bridging post-treatment to fabricate high-performance TFC membranes for water purification and desalination.

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Sang, Hong Qiang, Fen Liu, Jian Jun Meng, and Jin Tian Yun. "Automatic Programming System Based on Solid Driven Technology for Machining Center On-Line Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.168.

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In modern manufacturing, it is urgent to require integrating manufacturing and inspection because manual inspection and off-line inspection severely restricts the development of inspecting automation. In the paper, automatic programming system based on solid driven technology for machining center on-line inspection has been developed by secondary development kit object ARX of CAD. Inspection feature datum and information were gotten by ARX tool in CAD stage, and then inspecting program can be automatically made up through inspecting process planning. On-line inspection automatic programming system based on solid driven technology has been applied in SSK-U6035 machining center. The application result shows that the programming system is simple and effective, which has realized integration of manufacturing and inspection more efficiently, increased precision, production efficiency and reduced the rate of rejection and tool damage.

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Akiyoshi, Kenjiro, Shigeki Hikida, Hiroyoshi Inoue, Kimio Asagiri, Yoshiaki Tanaka, and Minoru Yagi. "Extracellular Ca2+ uptake by T cells might help to make a diagnosis of acute rejection." Pediatric Surgery International 23, no. 2 (December 12, 2006): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-006-1842-1.

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Metzger, Todd C., Hua Long, Shobha Potluri, Thomas Pertel, Samantha L. Bailey-Bucktrout, John C. Lin, Tihui Fu, Padmanee Sharma, James P. Allison, and Reid M. R. Feldman. "ICOS Promotes the Function of CD4+ Effector T Cells during Anti-OX40–Mediated Tumor Rejection." Cancer Research 76, no. 13 (May 4, 2016): 3684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3412.

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Cai, Weiwei, Qiuying Chen, Jingyu Zhang, Yan Li, Wenwen Xie, and Jingwei Wang. "Effects of High Salinity on Alginate Fouling during Ultrafiltration of High-Salinity Organic Synthetic Wastewater." Membranes 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080590.

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Ultrafiltration is widely employed in treating high-salinity organic wastewater for the purpose of retaining particulates, microbes and macromolecules etc. In general, high-salinity wastewater contains diverse types of saline ions at fairly high concentration, which may significantly change foulant properties and subsequent fouling propensity during ultrafiltration. This study filled a knowledge gap by investigating polysaccharide fouling formation affected by various high saline environments, where 2 mol/L Na+ and 0.5–1.0 mol/L Ca2+/Al3+ were employed and the synergistic influences of Na+-Ca2+ and Na+-Al3+ were further unveiled. The results demonstrated that the synergistic influence of Na+-Ca2+ strikingly enlarged the alginate size due to the bridging effects of Ca2+ via binding with carboxyl groups in alginate chains. As compared with pure alginate, the involvement of Na+ aggravated alginate fouling formation, while the subsequent addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ on the basis of Na+ mitigated fouling development. The coexistence of Na+-Ca2+ led to alginate fouling formed mostly in a loose and reversible pattern, accompanied by significant cracks appearing on the cake layer. In contrast, the fouling layer formed by alginate-Na+-Al3+ seemed to be much denser, leading to severer irreversible fouling formation. Notably, the membrane rejection under various high salinity conditions was seriously weakened. Consequently, the current study offered in-depth insights into the development of polysaccharide-associated fouling during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater.

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Hu, De-En, Stephanie O. M. Dyke, Alistair M. Moore, Lindy L. Thomsen, and Kevin M. Brindle. "Tumor Cell-Derived Nitric Oxide Is Involved in the Immune-Rejection of an Immunogenic Murine Lymphoma." Cancer Research 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1807.

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Hou, D. Y., J. Wang, B. Q. Wang, Z. K. Luan, X. C. Sun, and X. J. Ren. "Fluoride removal from brackish groundwater by direct contact membrane distillation." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.878.

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The direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applied for fluoride removal from brackish groundwater is presented. The self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibited high rejection of inorganic salt solutes and a maximum permeate flux 35.6 kgm−2 h−1 was obtained. The feed concentration had no marked impact on the permeate flux and the rejection of fluoride. The precipitation of CaCO3 would clog the hollow fiber inlets and foul the membrane surface with the increase of concentration factor when natural groundwater was used directly as the feed, which resulted in a rapid decline of the module efficiency. This phenomenon was diminished by acidification of the feed. The experimental results showed that the permeate flux and the quality of obtained distillate kept stable before concentration factor reached 5.0 with the acidified groundwater as feed. The membrane module efficiency began to decline gradually when the feed continued to be concentrated, which can be mainly attributed to the formation of CaF2 deposits on the membrane surface. Finally, a 300 h continuous fluoride removal experiment on acidified groundwater was carried out with concentration factor at 4.0, the permeate flux kept stable and the permeate fluoride was not detected.

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McCarl, Christie-Ann, Sara Khalil, Jian Ma, Masatsugu Oh-hora, Megumi Yamashita, Jens Roether, Takumi Kawasaki, et al. "Store-Operated Ca2+Entry through ORAI1 Is Critical for T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity and Allograft Rejection." Journal of Immunology 185, no. 10 (October 18, 2010): 5845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001796.

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Quaglia, Marco, Guido Merlotti, Gabriele Guglielmetti, Giuseppe Castellano, and Vincenzo Cantaluppi. "Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155404.

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New biomarkers of early and late graft dysfunction are needed in renal transplant to improve management of complications and prolong graft survival. A wide range of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, measured in different biological fluids (serum, plasma, urine) and in renal tissues, have been proposed for post-transplant delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR), and chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). This review investigates old and new potential biomarkers for each of these clinical domains, seeking to underline their limits and strengths. OMICs technology has allowed identifying many candidate biomarkers, providing diagnostic and prognostic information at very early stages of pathological processes, such as AR. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are further promising tools. Although most of these biomarkers still need to be validated in multiple independent cohorts and standardized, they are paving the way for substantial advances, such as the possibility of accurately predicting risk of DGF before graft is implanted, of making a “molecular” diagnosis of subclinical rejection even before histological lesions develop, or of dissecting etiology of CAD. Identification of “immunoquiescent” or even tolerant patients to guide minimization of immunosuppressive therapy is another area of active research. The parallel progress in imaging techniques, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) is helping to fully exploit the wealth of information provided by biomarkers, leading to improved disease nosology of old entities such as transplant glomerulopathy. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether introduction of these new sets of biomarkers into clinical practice could actually reduce the need for renal biopsy, integrate traditional tools, and ultimately improve graft survival compared to current management.

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Siitonen, Pauliina, Tiina Keisanen, and Karl-Erik Wahlberg. "How is family interaction analysed as a risk factor for schizophrenia? A cross-method comparison." Communication and Medicine 14, no. 1 (August 12, 2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.27246.

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In this paper, we compare two methodological approaches – Conversation Analysis (CA) and the Communication Deviance (CD) Scale – in detecting confusing family interaction, which is considered one of the risk factors for schizophrenia. CA is a method for identifying and describing actions in interaction, whereas the CD Scale presents the criteria for identifying communication defects in the field of schizophrenia research. Our aim is to determine whether the approaches resonate with and could complement each other in analysing the same interactional data – i.e., a total of 10.5 hours of audio-recorded Finnish family interaction in a psychological test in which the participants negotiate on mutual Rorschach inkblot interpretations. The data include 585 proposals by the family members. Here we focus on three types of proposal sequences (140 in all) where a proposal is not followed by an acceptance or a rejection. We have earlier shown that from the CA perspective, the family members orient to the discontinuity of these sequences by pursuing an explicit response to a proposal, but very rarely make the ‘problematic’ nature of the interaction visible to each other or the analyst. In the present paper, we will show that the CD Scale finds communication defects in the sequences under analysis but that the defects do not primarily involve the discontinuity of the sequence. Thus CA and the CD Scale look at interaction from different perspectives and disagree on what is considered an interactional problem.

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Aljlil, Saad A. "Development of Red Clay Ultrafiltration Membranes for Oil-Water Separation." Crystals 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030248.

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In this study, a red clay/nano-activated carbon membrane was investigated for the removal of oil from industrial wastewater. The sintering temperature was minimized using CaF2 powder as a binder. The fabricated membrane was characterized by its mechanical properties, average pore size, and hydrophilicity. A contact angle of 67.3° and membrane spore size of 95.46 nm were obtained. The prepared membrane was tested by a cross-flow filtration process using an oil-water emulsion, and showed a promising permeate flux and oil rejection results. During the separation of oil from water, the flux increased from 191.38 to 284.99 L/m2 on increasing the applied pressure from 3 to 6 bar. In addition, high water permeability was obtained for the fabricated membrane at low operating pressure. However, the membrane flux decreased from 490.28 to 367.32 L/m2·h due to oil deposition on the membrane surface; regardless, the maximum oil rejection was 99.96% at an oil concentration of 80 NTU and a pressure of 5 bar. The fabricated membrane was negatively charged, as were the oil droplets, thereby facilitating membrane purification through backwashing. The obtained ceramic membrane functioned well as a hydrophilic membrane and showed potential for use in oil wastewater treatment.

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Hess Michelini, Rodrigo, Massimo Freschi, Teresa Manzo, Elena Jachetti, Elena Degl'Innocenti, Matteo Grioni, Veronica Basso, et al. "Concomitant Tumor and Minor Histocompatibility Antigen–Specific Immunity Initiate Rejection and Maintain Remission from Established Spontaneous Solid Tumors." Cancer Research 70, no. 9 (April 13, 2010): 3505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4253.

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Pavelko, Kevin D., Michael J. Hansen, and Larry R. Pease. "CTL Activation Using the Natural Low-Affinity Epitope 222-229 from Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1 Leads to Tumor Rejection." Cancer Research 69, no. 7 (March 10, 2009): 3114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2448.

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Karoui, Majed. "Social Exclusion and the Growing Involvement of Tunisian Youth in the Salafi Movement." Contemporary Arab Affairs 11, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2018): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2018.000008.

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The Salafi movement in Tunisia in general and in the area of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun in particular, emerged as an antisocial movement that adopted the defense of a cultural identity based mainly on the rejection of democracy and the foundations of the modern state, seeking change in every way through a set of well-studied strategies that made young people deeply involved. In general, the Salafi movement is not separated from the social context in which it was born. It is also a reflection of the social actors who, by engaging in the Salafi movement, desire to achieve their objectives in negotiations. The Salafi movement is a social movement born out of the womb of society and its crises. It then adopted the same society, which has been muddling in the ignorance of religion and worldly dichotomies, as a target for change. This study attributes the growth in the number of Salafist youth to social exclusion. The social conditions of the youth in the Tunisian town of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun and of Tunisian youth in general make them look for alternatives that will provides them with what the state and its institutions failed to provide: an income and a small capital that will elevate their status in the social pyramid as belonging to the surviving group. The research will focus on the relationship between the social exclusion of Tunisian youth and the growing involvement of the Salafi movement. The following questions reflect the core issues behind this investigation: What are the representations of the youth of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun to the Salafi movement in their actions and interactions? How does social exclusion contribute to the growing involvement of Tunisian and Ben Aouni youth in the Salafi movement?

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Li, Mufang, Yongzhi Wu, Weibing Zhong, Qinghua Zhao, Qihao Guo, Ke Liu, Qiongzhen Liu, Yuedan Wang, Zhentan Lu, and Dong Wang. "A novel PU/PVA-co-PE composite nanofiber membrane for water filtration." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718787527.

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Filter membranes with high efficiency and low energy consumption are gaining more attention owing to the increase in water pollution. To enhance the filtration performance, a novel spindle polyurethane (PU) / poly(vinyl alcoholco-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) composite nanofiber membrane was prepared. It is the first time that the spindle composite nanofibers and nanofiber membranes are prepared based on the PU/PVA-co-PE/CAB (cellulose acetate butyrate) immiscible polymer blends. The effects of PU concentration on the morphology, size distribution, and hydrophilicity of PU/PVA-co-PE nanofiber membranes were analyzed. The pure PVA-co-PE nanofiber membrane and PU/PVA-co-PE composite nanofiber membranes were used to filtrate the nanoparticle suspension with scarlet pigments (50–300 nm). Due to the smaller pore size, looser structure, and larger porosity, the rejection rate and flux of spindle PU/PVA-co-PE composite nanofiber membranes are both higher than that of pure PVA-co-PE nanofiber membrane. When the basic weight of nanofiber layer is 6 g/m2, the rejection rate of all the PU/PVA-co-PE membranes are above 99%. This study provided a novel, facile, and high-throughput method to prepare spindle nanofiber membranes and indicated the advantage of spindle PU/PVA-co-PE composite nanofiber membranes in the application of water filtration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CAF; Rejection'

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