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1
We can still be friends: A novel. New York: Soho, 2003.
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2
McCullers, Carson. The ballad of the sad café and other stories ; The heart is a lonely hunter ; The member of the wedding. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1991.
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3
You can't say you can't play. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.
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4
You can't say you can't play. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1992.
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5
La blessure d'abandon: Exprimer ses émotions pour guérir. Montréal]: Éditions du Club Québec loisirs, 2008.
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6
Michael, Moran, ed. Cyprus: Unity and difference : with the rejection of the Annan Plan can the two existing states in Cyprus still sensibly seek to become one? : a discussion, in a series of letters, between Rauf R. Denktaş and Michael Moran together with various supporting documents. Bakırköy, İstanbul: Istanbul Kultur University, 2009.
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7
Lemeshko, Boris, and Irina Veretel'nikova. Criteria for testing hypotheses about randomness and the absence of a trend. Application Guide. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1587437.
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The monograph discusses the application of statistical criteria aimed at testing hypotheses about the absence of a trend in the analyzed samples. The rejection of such a hypothesis gives grounds to consider the analyzed data as samples of independent equally distributed random variables. We consider a set of special criteria aimed at testing such hypotheses, as well as a set of criteria for the uniformity of laws, the uniformity of averages and the uniformity of variances, which can also be used for these purposes. The disadvantages and advantages of various criteria are emphasized, the application of criteria in conditions of violation of standard assumptions is considered. Estimates of the power of the criteria are given, which allows you to navigate when choosing the most preferred criteria. Following the recommendations will ensure the correctness and increase the validity of statistical conclusions when analyzing data.
It is intended for specialists who are interested in the application of statistical methods for the analysis of various aspects and trends of the surrounding reality and who are in contact with the processing of experimental results, the need for data analysis in their activities. It will be useful for engineers, researchers, specialists of various profiles (doctors, biologists, sociologists, economists, etc.) who face the need for statistical analysis of experimental results in their activities. It will also be useful for university teachers, graduate students and students.
8
Sumrall, Lester Frank. You Can Conquer Rejection. Sumrall Publishing, 2000.
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9
Rush, David N., and Peter W. Nickerson. Rejection. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0283_update_001.
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Rejection of the transplanted kidney is an important cause of graft loss despite modern cross-matching techniques and immunosuppressive agents. The incidence of acute rejection episodes in the first post-transplant year is down to less than 15% in low-risk recipients, but as many as one-third of allograft losses over 10 years result from alloimmunity. Rejection may occur at any time following transplantation, from minutes—hyperacute, to days—acute, or in the longer term—chronic. Rejection can be predominantly through either T-cell-mediated or antibody-mediated mechanisms. It may present clinically as either abrupt or insidious dysfunction of the graft, or it may be subclinical and thus silent, detected only by protocol biopsy or other technology. The prevention and treatment of T-cell-mediated rejection is usually successful with current immunosuppressive agents. Antibody-mediated rejection, on the other hand, is not easily treated and is the principal cause of late renal allograft loss. This chapter presents the concepts and details of this central issue in clinical transplantation.
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Streumer, Bart. Objections, Rejection, Revision. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785897.003.0011.
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This chapter considers six objections to the error theory. It argues if we cannot believe the error theory, these objections fail. It then asks whether opponents of the error theory can resist the book’s arguments by rejecting the claims that played a central role in these arguments. It argues that our inability to believe the error theory may make this seem legitimate, but that it is actually illegitimate. The chapter also considers and rejects several challenges to the role that these claims play in the book’s arguments. It ends by arguing that if we cannot believe the error theory, non-cognitivism, reductive realism, and fictionalism cannot be defended as revisionary alternatives to the error theory.
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Van Den Bos, Kees. Violent Rejection of Law and Democratic Principles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657345.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 discusses when radical thoughts and associated feelings shift to radical and extremist behaviors. The chapter aims to delineate the ontogenesis of radical behavior by arguing that the active rejection of democratic principles and the rule of law is an important phase in various radicalization processes. This usually takes place via processes of delegitimization. Thus, when people put their own right before the right of others in open societies, this may well serve as a red flag for those interested in trying to prevent the onset of violent and illegal extremism. When people are willing to break the law to obtain their goals, possibly by violent means, this is an important signal that something is seriously going wrong. Evil as a motive and the justification of violence are important antecedents of political violence, religious violence, and terrorism. These insights can be used for the prevention of extreme radicalization.
12
We Can Still Be Friends. Soho Press, 2004.
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13
Szmukler, George. Treatment pressures and ‘coercion’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198801047.003.0009.
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In this chapter, compulsion is presented in a broader context of ‘treatment pressures’. A hierarchy of pressures is presented, each increment moving in a more coercive direction. It comprises persuasion; interpersonal leverage; inducements; threats; and compulsion. The last has been dealt with in previous chapters. The distinction between inducements and threats turns on whether rejecting a conditional proposal—if you do X, I will do Y; if you don’t, I will do Z—results in the subject being ‘worse off’ or not according to a ‘moral baseline’. Threats involve proposals making the person worse off and represent ‘coercion’; inducements, where rejection does not make the person worse off, do not. However, in the context of mental health care, inducements can be problematic. While threats, often covert, are very common in mental health care, they are considered unethical. Perhaps, if regulated, they could have a place. Justifications, across the board, can follow a ‘capacity–will and preferences’ approach.
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Crawford, Matthew r. Rejection at Nazareth in the Gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke—and Tatian. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814801.003.0006.
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While Jesus’ rejection in his hometown is common to all three synoptic accounts, the placement of this episode differs. Mark and Matthew narrate his rejection at the synagogue of Nazareth only after a period of successful ministry elsewhere. Luke collapses the Markan timeline by relocating the scene in the synagogue in Nazareth to the initial preaching tour through Galilee, and he also recounts an unsuccessful attempt to cast Jesus from the cliff outside the town. This trajectory of rewriting can be extended to include the Diatessaron of Tatian, where the first half of the Lukan pericope is left in the preaching tour through Galilee, while the second half is postponed until later in the narrative. In his redaction of prior sources, Tatian’s editorial work is comparable to that of Matthew and Luke. His work was regarded by its primary users as the Gospel, and not just as a ‘gospel harmony’.
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Luke, Nottage. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation I: Arts 2.1.1–2.1.5—Offer, Art.2.1.5. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0021.
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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.5 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the rejection of an offer. Art 2.1.5 stipulates that an offer is terminated when a rejection reaches the offeror. Even if the offer has become effective (without being withdrawn, under Art 2.1.3) and remains so (without being revoked, under Art 2.1.4), it can he terminated upon the rejection of the offeree reaching the sphere of control of the offeror (Art 1.10). This principle is consistent with a (neo)classical approach to contract law that seeks to preserve the freedom not to be drawn readily into contracts, and is widely accepted across national legal systems. Art 2.1.5 explains termination of an offer by explicit or implied rejection and termination of offer by other means.
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Yuengert, Andrew M. What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670054.003.0003.
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Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.
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Gruenewald, Simon, and Philip Vladica. Renal transplant imaging. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0282.
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The purpose of imaging of the transplant kidney is to assess integrity, anatomy, and function. Relatively or actually non-invasive technologies can be used to monitor for potential early post-transplant complications such as acute tubular necrosis, acute rejection, haematoma, pyelonephritis, abscess, urinoma, ureteral obstruction, vascular complications, and rarely graft torsion. The technologies also assist in the diagnosis and management of late complications such as those arising from immunosuppression, chronic rejection, lymphocoele, cyst, renal artery stenosis, urinary obstruction, and tumours. This chapter demonstrates the capacity of the various imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, to assist in the clinical management of the renal transplant recipient.
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Your Can Get Over It Overcoming Fear Handling Stress Handling Criticism Rejection Handling Rude People Handling Tough Situations Getting Rid Of Bad Habits. Joy Berry Enterprises, 2009.
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19
Bukowski, William M. Recent Advances in the Measurement of Acceptance and Rejection in the Peer System: New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development (J-B CAD Single Issue Child & Adolescent Development). Jossey-Bass, 2000.
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20
Meyer, Michel. The common operators in figures and arguments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0004.
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There are four basic operators common to figurative speech and argumentation—approval, disapproval, and between the two, modification and addition. These operate at different levels: as identity, difference, inference, and opposition; as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony; and they can also define the four possible types of audience responses. Four sets of operators, =, +, ±, and – span the spectrum from acquiescence to rejection, and correspond to four types of audiences which perform these acts of adherence, requalification, addition, and contradiction. These four basic operators can already be found in Aristotle, but they are also present in contemporary rhetoric (e.g. the General Rhetoric of the Group Mu). Figures and arguments, though different, are for the same reason divided into four basic classes.
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Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Data Preprocessing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.003.0006.
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Successful reconstruction of a shadow attractor provides preliminary empirical evidence that a signal isolated from observed time series data may be generated by deterministic dynamics. However, because we cannot reasonably expect signal processing to purge the signal of all noise in practice, and because noisy linear behavior can be visually indistinguishable from nonlinear behavior, the possibility remains that noticeable regularity detected in a shadow attractor may be fortuitously reconstructed from data generated by a linear-stochastic process. This chapter investigates how we can test this null hypothesis using surrogate data testing. The combination of a noticeably regular shadow attractor, along with strong statistical rejection of fortuitous regularity, increases the probability that observed data are generated by deterministic real-world dynamics.
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Meyer, Michel. The argumentative structures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 develops the workings of the four basic rhetorical operators in argumentation and in logic, which give rise to the basic logical connectives we recognize from logic textbooks. Argumentation can deal with questions (ad rem) or bear on the questioners themselves (ad hominem). Four basic classes of arguments are sufficient to encompass all further internal differentiation and subcategories of arguments. Argumentative responses by any audience are also fourfold, from acceptance to rejection, with modalities of increased differentiations in-between. The interest of stressing the fundamental aspect of those four operators is that they underlie the four basic connectors in logic, from which they probably stem.
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Chambers, Clare. Feminism. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0010.
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This chapter characterizes feminism as a rejection of the ideology of patriarchy. Feminism rejects two patriarchal tenets, the fetishism of choice and the prison of biology, by which patriarchal ideology in Western liberal societies insists that gender inequality is inevitable yet unproblematic. Against this patriarchal story, feminism insists that women are neither imprisoned by biology nor liberated by individual choice. Instead, feminists hold three theses: the entrenchment of gender, the existence of patriarchy and the need for change. Gender remains one of the most salient social cleavages, one which advantages men and disadvantages women. However, it can and must be disrupted by social action.
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Pearce, Kenneth L. Berkeley’s Early Thoughts on Language. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790334.003.0003.
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Berkeley’s rejection of meanings (intrinsically representational entities) requires a complete rethinking of the philosophy of mind and language. This chapter addresses Berkeley’s remarks on these subjects from the 1708 Manuscript Introduction to the 1721 essay De Motu. In these works, Berkeley analyzes several specific uses of language, including general words, operative language, and the technical discourses of math and science. In each case, Berkeley’s analysis proceeds by identifying the practical purposes at which the discourse aims and the conventional rules speakers follow in their use of words in order to attain those purposes. These considerations are designed to explain how words can be meaningful without having meanings.
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Ott, Walter. Middle Malebranche. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0009.
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Among the most important changes Malebranche makes to the Search is the wholesale rejection of natural judgments. Although he retains the terminology of judgment, he now makes it clear that God is causing us to experience objects in the way that we do. These judgments can be attributed to the mind only in the most attenuated of senses. Moreover, a natural judgment is said to be a ‘compound sensation,’ because it arises from two impressions in the sense organs. The chapter shows this account to be problematic. Roughly, a compound sensation lacks the connection to an idea it would need in order to explain our perceptual experience.
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Crawford, Margo Natalie. Who’s Afraid of the Black Fantastic? University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041006.003.0008.
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This chapter uncovers the overcoming of the binary of surface and depth in the Black Arts Movement mobilization of the substance of style. Crawford shows that when we put the visual and literary art of the Black Arts Movement and the 21st century together, we can see the often unrecognized use of surface as surface (in both movements). This chapter argues that black post-blackness teaches us that the external must stop being pathologized and depth must stop being celebrated as the rejection of play and performance. This chapter analyzes the art and performances of Erykah Badu, Nikki Giovanni, Diana Ross, Haki Madhubuti, Glenn Ligon, Mingering Mike, and others.
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Baggini, Julian. Atheism: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198856795.001.0001.
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Atheism: A Very Short Introduction discusses the case for atheism. Atheism is often seen as simply a rejection of theism, but it encompasses so much more. Atheists are typically naturalists, who believe that meaning and morality are possible in a finite, natural world. ‘New Atheism’, a powerful new movement in atheism in the early 21st century, driven by books from authors such as Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris, has left a legacy. There is an important question to consider: whether East Asia has been historically atheist or not. Atheism can be located in recent European history. What is the position of atheists around the world today?
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Kraut, Richard. The Oyster and the Experience Machine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828846.003.0001.
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An experientialist conception of well-being holds that well-being is composed of many goods, all of them experiential, but only one of which is pleasure. Against the prevailing orthodoxy, Nozick’s idea of an “experience machine” is shown to support rather than undermine experientialism. Further, the richness of human experience can give our lives a special kind of superiority: human goods are incommensurably better than the low-level pleasures that might be felt in an oyster-like existence. J. S. Mill’s distinction between the quality and the quantity of good experience is a rejection of the claim of J. M. E. McTaggart that a sufficiently long-lived oyster-like life would be better than a far briefer human life.
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Wootton, Lisa, Tom Fahy, and Simon Wilson. The interface of general psychiatric and forensic psychiatric services. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0017.
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This chapter examines community psychiatric service provision for mentally disordered offenders, focussing on the United Kingdom and United States. In doing so, it acknowledges that mentally disordered offenders are at risk of rejection and of falling between services. They are doubly stigmatized by having a mental illness and being offenders. It explores the context, commissioning, components of a service, and models of care (including the evidence base for them). Also considered are the pros and cons of specialist services, as well as how they might differentiate their task from that of the CMHT. The chapter concludes by considering how services can work together to meet the needs of this complex and challenging group of patients.
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Michael, Furmston, Tolhurst G J, and Mik Eliza. 3 Termination and Revocation of Offers. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198724032.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the law on the termination and revocation of offers. An offer may be terminated through lapse of time, the death of the offeror or offeree, the failure of some condition or contingency, by rejection (or counter-offer), and by communication of a revocation of the offer. An offer may be revoked any time prior to its acceptance. Even if an offer is expressed to be open for a stated period of time it can be revoked prior to that time elapsing. Where the offer is a standing offer capable of acceptance from time to time, it may still be revoked as to the future acceptances even though there have been acceptances in the past.
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Blaikley, John, and Andrew J. Fisher. Lung transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702948.003.0011.
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This chapter describes common issues along the transplantation journey from assessment to common conditions that are diagnosed post transplantation. Assessment for transplant suitability against several objective criteria is covered as well as the importance of optimizing techniques prior to this. Recent advances mean that some patients can now be bridged to transplant using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) when previously they would have been removed from the transplant list. Drawbacks to ECMO are discussed. Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) of a donor organ is covered. Follow-up is considered, especially in the early phase whilst being stabilized on their new medications as well as monitoring for the development of lung rejection (acute and chronic). These conditions often present when patients are being seen away from the transplant centre. CF patients have the best outcomes of the groups after lung transplantation, emphasising that lung transplantation should be considered in this specific group of patients.
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Hübner, Karolina. Spinoza’s Unorthodox Metaphysics of the Will. Edited by Michael Della Rocca. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195335828.013.015.
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The paper examines how, within Spinoza’s deductively-structured system, his metaphysical commitments lead to unorthodox ethics, in particular an unconventional and unintuitive understanding of the causal nature of will, desire, and appetite, and of their relation to the good. The metaphysical commitments in question are first, Spinoza’s naturalism and second, his rejection of teleology. The former commitment leads to the universal scope of Spinoza’s moral doctrines. The latter dictates that volition, desire, and appetite—three manifestations of striving—can no longer be viewed as end-directed phenomena. The paper examines how Spinoza reconceives the causality of will, appetite, and desire and how he reinterprets the relation between these phenomena and the “goodness” of desired objects or states of being, if this “goodness” can no longer be seen as an end that produces and explains volitions (appetites, desires).
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Engelmann, Jan B., and Ernst Fehr. The Neurobiology of Trust and Social Decision-Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0003.
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There is accumulating evidence suggesting that emotions can have a strong impact on social decision-making. However, the neural mechanisms of emotional influences on choice are less well understood to date. This chapter integrates recent results from two independent but related research streams in social neuroeconomics and social neuroscience, which together identify the neural mechanisms involved in the influences of emotions on social choice. Specifically, research in social neuroeconomics has shown that social decisions, such as trust-taking, involve commonly ignored emotional considerations in addition to economic considerations related to payouts. These results are paralleled by recent findings in social neuroscience that underline the role of emotions in social interactions. Because anticipatory emotions associated with social approval and rejection can have important, but often ignored, influences on social choices the integration of emotions into theories of social decision-making is necessary.
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Garrett, Don. Truth, Method, and Correspondence in Spinoza and Leibniz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195307771.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses Spinoza’s and Leibniz’s specific criticisms of Descartes’s use of his so-called “truth rule”—that is, the principle that whatever is perceived clearly and distinctly is true—and explores the relation of these criticisms to the two philosophers’ own conceptions of truth as requiring both the internal adequacy of ideas and the external correspondence of those ideas to their objects. One conclusion is that, for both Spinoza and Leibniz, the conception of truth as requiring internal adequacy of ideas explains their rejection of Descartes’s methodological skepticism. A second conclusion is that, for both philosophers, the problem of establishing that all ideas with internal adequacy must correspond with their objects can only be satisfactorily solved by embracing logical necessitarianism.
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Tuffaha, Sami, Gerald Brandacher, and Richard Redett. The Way Ahead. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190461508.003.0017.
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Male genitourinary trauma with penile loss or deformity can have devastating physical and psychosocial consequences for patients and their loved ones. The return of many servicemen from the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan with these types of injuries has brought this problem into focus. Traditional penile reconstructive techniques are often inadequate in addressing these injuries; penile transplantation may provide better outcomes. To date, however, only two penis transplants have been performed, with mixed results. To maximize the likelihood of success, a number of considerations must be addressed; these include optimizing the technical surgical approach and minimizing the risks associated with immunosuppression and rejection. The psychological implications of the procedure also must be taken into account, and a multidisciplinary team approach is of utmost importance.
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Delaney, Douglas E. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198704461.003.0001.
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The introduction sets the scope in terms of perspective and time span. This is an imperial history—from the time that imperial authorities decided to address seriously the military problems of the empire (1902) until the end of the last great imperial war effort (1945). These wide parameters are critical. Only by stepping outside the bounds of national histories can one appreciate the imperial ‘big picture’. After all, the interoperability of the imperial armies would not have been necessary were it not for imperial military problems. And only by taking a longer view can one see the full arc of the enterprise, which amounted to an imperial army project. British military authorities wanted a continental-type army, but one adapted to British imperial circumstances: British rejection of peacetime conscription, self-governing dominions, the non-contiguous nature of the empire, and the vast distances involved.
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Greenberg, Cathy, and Relly Nadler. Behavioral Strategies for Happiness and Satisfaction. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0006.
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The neural circuitry associated with experiencing emotional pleasure such as derived from spiritual fulfillment, happiness, or love is likely the same or closely replicative of the neural circuitry associated with experiencing physical pleasure such as from sex, music, or warmth. The neural circuitry associated with experiencing physical pain such as from a headache, injury, or disease is likely the same or closely related to that associated with experiencing emotional pain such as social rejection, depression, or self-criticism. Attention management is essential for developing happiness and satisfaction, while the opposite, attention mismanagement, is a catalyst for unhappiness and dissatisfaction. Happiness is believed to have a set point in each person, and by all indications this set point can be enhanced through deliberate and supportive constructs. This chapter reviews the differences between positive and negative psychological components and how people can optimize them to support brain health and psychological well-being.
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Recanati, François. Contextualism and Singular Reference. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783916.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses the relations between three approaches to the referential/attributive distinction: the Gricean approach advocated by Kripke and others, the two-dimensional approach pioneered by Kaplan and Stalnaker, and the Millian approach favoured by Donnellan. In contrast to the two-dimensional approach, the Millian approach honours the intuitions which led to the rejection of descriptivism, but it is subject to Gricean criticism based on the speaker’s reference/semantic reference distinction. The chapter shows that, suitably elaborated and revised, the Millian approach can be made immune to that criticism. The resulting view, it is argued, applies beyond the case of definite descriptions. It also supports Austin’s and Strawson’s speech act theoretic approach to reference and truth—an approach which Grice initially dismissed and which Travis insightfully attempted to defend and resurrect.
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Tennant, Neil. The Relevance Properties of Core Logic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777892.003.0010.
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Ironically Anderson and Belnap argue for the rejection of Disjunctive Syllogism by means of an argument that appears to employ it. We aim to establish a ‘variable-sharing’ result for Classical Core Logic that is stronger than any such result for any other system. We define an exigent relevance condition R(X,A) on the premise-set X and the conclusion A of any proof, exploiting positive and negative occurrences of subformulae. This treatment includes first-order proofs. Our main result on relevance is that for every proof of A from X in Classical Core Logic, we have R(X,A). R(X,A) is a best possible explication of the sought notion of relevance. Our result is optimal, and challenges relevantists in the Anderson–Belnap tradition to identify any strengthening of the relation R(X,A) that can be shown to hold for some subsystem of Anderson–Belnap R but that can be shown to fail for Classical Core Logic.
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Billioux, Alexander. Infections in the Transplant Patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0056.
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Recipients of donor-derived tissues and organs are at particularly high risk of infection because of their unique combination of risk factors. Chronic illness results in more exposure to health care contexts in which pathogens—especially drug-resistant species—might be acquired. The transplant surgery itself compromises anatomical barriers to infection via indwelling venous and urinary catheters, endotracheal tubes, and surgical wounds. Donor-derived tissues and organs may harbor infectious pathogens undetected during rapid pre-transplant evaluations. The immunosuppression necessary to prevent rejection of donor tissues increases the risk of infection. In addition, each type of transplanted organ bears unique infectious risks. Many pathogens seen in post-transplant patients have unique clinical presentations. Infections in the transplant patient can vary depending on time from transplantation, the type of organ transplanted, and the primary manifestation of the infection.
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Knop, Déborah. Montaigne on Rhetoric. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.14.
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This article aims to identify a few characteristics of the seemingly inexhaustible resources of Montaigne’s rhetoric. As far as logos is concerned, some chapters can give the impression of being desultory, but that impression is the result of an extremely polished discourse progression and it calls for the reader’s ingenuity, the latter being supposed to untangle the embroilment. Montaigne pays particular attention to ethos, namely conciliating and seducing the reader, that coming from the sprezzatura and the virile grace of the writing of the Essays, which are underlined quite often by the text itself in a meta-literary way. Although Montaigne uses it rather sparingly, pathos features prominently in his work, which has a moral dimension being both deliberative and epideictic. Lastly, the complexity of the writing of the Essays manifests itself in an ostentatious rejection of rhetoric, the concealment of a science (dissimulatio scientiae) that is prodigiously mastered.
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Seibt, Johanna. What Is a Process? Modes of Occurrence and Forms of Dynamicity in General Process Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777991.003.0007.
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This chapter suggests that contemporary research in process ontology can be sorted into two varieties. The radical strategy, implemented in General Process Theory, takes our reasoning of processes to motivate a comprehensive rejection of a network of traditional presumptions in ontology (“substance paradigm”). More recent work on processes displays a more conservative approach where the traditional research paradigm is not replaced but expanded. One pivotal disagreement between the radical and conservative strategy is, it is suggested, the traditional tenet that all concrete individuals must be particulars. With focus on recent work by Stout and Steward the chapter argues that convincing arguments for the individuality of processes are undermined by the fact that such process individuals are conceived of as particulars. Such approaches are focused on the distinction between processes and “events” but fail to acknowledge an important distinction among processes that is an integral part of the data for process ontology.
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Peari, Sagi. Further Development and Implications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622305.003.0006.
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This chapter provides further observations, elaboration, demarcation, and application of CEF analysis (and its two foundational pillars of Choice and Equality) as to several key issues and topics of choice-of-law process. In particular, it offers discussion of CEF’s treatment and analysis in the following contexts: (1) CEF’s analysis of the tort law category, including discussion of the centrality of the parties’ reasonable expectations concept, the “conduct regulating”/“loss distribution” distinction, and the experience of the New York Court of Appeal; (2) CEF’s analysis of the lex fori solution to choice of law, including evaluation of Savigny’s rejection of lex-fori and its centrality within choice-of-law practice; (3) CEF’s analysis of so-called “mandatory rules”, including discussion of their origin, popularity, and relation to the party autonomy principle; and (4) CEF’s analysis of the substance-procedure distinction, including discussion of its nature, practice and future direction.
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Castellanos, Rosario. On Feminine Culture (1950). Translated by Carlos Alberto Sánchez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190601294.003.0016.
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Sobre cultura femenina is Rosario Castellanos’s first attempt to champion women’s right to participate in the production of culture through certain forms of personal expression. Her argument centers on the notion that culture is a refuge for those who have been exiled from maternity, that is, that the realm of cultural production is reserved for those who are incapable or have chosen not to participate in the giving of human life. Because culture requires egoism and, since maternity is the ultimate rejection of egoism, women can participate in one or the other, but, she suggests, not both. Her immediate concern seems to be with those women who have a choice between maternity and producing culture and have chosen the latter. These women have been devalued and marginalized from opportunities that contribute to meaningful cultural production, a marginalization owed to those structures of patriarchy that have existed since antiquity.
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Wendling, Fabrice, Marco Congendo, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. EEG Analysis. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0044.
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This chapter addresses the analysis and quantification of electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals. Topics include characteristics of these signals and practical issues such as sampling, filtering, and artifact rejection. Basic concepts of analysis in time and frequency domains are presented, with attention to non-stationary signals focusing on time-frequency signal decomposition, analytic signal and Hilbert transform, wavelet transform, matching pursuit, blind source separation and independent component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and empirical model decomposition. The behavior of these methods in denoising EEG signals is illustrated. Concepts of functional and effective connectivity are developed with emphasis on methods to estimate causality and phase and time delays using linear and nonlinear methods. Attention is given to Granger causality and methods inspired by this concept. A concrete example is provided to show how information processing methods can be combined in the detection and classification of transient events in EEG/MEG signals.
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Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. The Response of Consumption to Anticipated Changes in Income. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0008.
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The intertemporal models studied so far postulate that people use savings in order to smooth income fluctuations, and that unless there are liquidity constraints, consumption responds little if at all to changes in income that were expected. When this major theoretical prediction is violated, researchers conclude that consumption is excessively sensitive to anticipated income changes. In this chapter we review some of the empirical approaches researchers have taken to estimate the response of consumption to anticipated income changes. We point out that empirically it is very hard to identify situations in which income changes in a predictable way. But even if the empirical difficulties can be surmounted, there are many plausible explanations for the rejection of the implications of the theoretical models, including liquidity constraints, non-separability between consumption and leisure, home production, the persistence of habits, aggregation bias, and the durability of goods.
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Bizer, Marc. Whose Mistake? The Errors of Friendship in Cicero, La Boétie, and Montaigne. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0003.
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Focusing on Montaigne’s adaptation of Cicero’s De amicitia within his own essay “On Friendship,” this chapter reveals Montaigne’s complex reception of the “Roman error” of putting friendship before the needs of the state. Drawn to such matters in part by his friendship with Étienne de La Boétie, Montaigne, in effect, disagrees with Cicero over how to react to this error. Cicero (through his Laelius) opts to condemn it, while Montaigne finds in it support for his view of friendship, one that in turn sustains Montaigne’s moderation amid the political extremism of the French Wars of Religion. Montaigne’s rejection of Roman friendship as error on the one hand reflects his questioning of the value of ancient models for understanding the present. On the other hand, however, his characterization of ideal friendship as autotelic and autonomous can also be seen as a tacit acknowledgment that friendship among the elite is inherently political.
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Webber, Jonathan. Sartre’s Transcendental Phenomenology. Edited by Dan Zahavi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.19.
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The first phase of Sartre’s philosophical publications displays an apparent ambivalence toward Husserl’s transcendental turn. Sartre accepts both major aspects of that turn, the phenomenological reduction and the use of transcendental argumentation. Yet his rejection of the transcendental ego that Husserl derives from this transcendental turn overlooks an obvious transcendental argument in favor of it. His books on emotion and imagination, moreover, make only very brief comments about the transcendental constitution of the world of experience. In each case, these appear at the end of the book and can seem to contradict the book’s central analysis. The problem underlying these features of his works of phenomenological psychology is clarified and resolved, however, when Sartre articulates his own transcendental phenomenology and ontology in Being and Nothingness a decade after he first encountered the work of Husserl. This resolution raises a new problem that animates the next phase of his philosophy.
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Hayes, Glen Alexander. The Guru’s Tongue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0008.
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This essay explores the nature of religious language and uses of conceptual metaphors in an important branch of medieval Bengali Hinduism known as the Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā traditions which practiced a form of esoteric tantric yoga involving a series of external rituals, internalized visualizations, a special mystical language, and a rejection of the norms of Hindu caste and ritual purity. Developing after the time of the great Bengali devotional leader Kṛṣṇa Caitanya, they also incorporated emotional and devotional practices known as bhakti (“devotion”) which enriched their religious practices, language, and uses of conceptual metaphors. The essay considers how using several approaches to studying conceptual metaphors can help to better understand the process and dynamics of these traditions, how the usage of the vernacular language of Bengali influenced their religious language and metaphors, and how the historical and cultural contexts of deltaic Bengal influenced their beliefs, practices, and textual expressions.
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Sime, Stuart. 36. Offers to settle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.4348.
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Part 36 of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) provides a means for a party to make a formal offer in settlement of the claim which will be treated as without prejudice for the purposes of liability and remedies, but which can be disclosed to the court on the question of costs. This chapter discusses offers to settle before the commencement of proceedings; making a Part 36 offer; acceptance of a Part 36 offer; rejections, counter-offers, and subsequent offers; withdrawal and amendment of Part 36 offers; failing to obtain judgment more advantageous than a Part 36 offer; advising on Part 36 offers; non-disclosure to judge; and Part 36 offers in appeals.