Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cadrage de l'information'
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Angoue, Minang Alfred. "Le pluralisme de l'information dans la presse gabonaise en ligne en période électorale au Gabon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALL001.
Full textFor about two decades now, the emergence of online Gabonese press stands nowadays as an alternative source of information to traditional media. In a media system where press freedom still faces numerous obstacles due to a fledgling democracy, Gabonese digital media once again raises the question of information pluralism. During electoral periods, the role of the press as an element of democracy highlighting the principle of conflicting opinions and the media representation of political differences is even more desired. And it is at this level that we question the relevance of native Gabonese web media in terms of the added value of their information during elections compared to what exists with the traditional press. Analyzing the conditions of information production by the Gabonese online press during a period as sensitive as the 2018 legislative elections in Gabon and determining the level of informational pluralism resulting from it is the main objective of our research work
Zaher, Mohamed Hédi. "Recherche ouverte d'information : d'un cadre théorique à une infrastructure informatique." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0025.
Full textSeveral scientific fields interest on Information Retrieval (IR). This thesis presents particularly the computational and the cognitive approaches of this problematic. The computational approaches are trying to adapt paradigms from algebra, formal logic, probability, statistics or other mathematics fields to design models, data structures and algorithms for Information Retrieval and the automatic matching. The cognitive approaches study the activity of information seeking. They analyze its cognitive processes, its underlying representations and the IR digital environments. This thesis proposes the Open Information Research (OIR): a new framework that considers the IR as an open activity implementing several methods of research and access to information. The OIR is studying the IR's cognitive aspects, the design of digital artifacts and architecture based on knowledge engineering and socio-semantic Web. We present the Hypertopic model and protocol and we show how they are designed for OIR. We propose a Hypertopic implementation in the Agoræ platform and we evaluate in the context of different research projects
Mauriac, Jérôme. "De l'information à la connaissance : étude expérimentale dans le cadre de BDPA." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30024.
Full textFrom the current debates on Knowledge Management which generate the Information Sciences, BDPA has developed its own strategy for renovating its own information services. BDPA has been involved in the creation and management of information and documentation networks for nearly forty years. It was necessary to explore new approaches in order to improve its skills and knowledge transfer services for the benefit of actors in the socio-economic sector in developing countries. Nowadays Information Systems not only control the information environment of organisations, but also deal with the relevant knowledge held by human beings which is not already inscribed and which can not be directly mobilised. So, the information and documentation specialists, after having been focused on the documents then the information, have now to set up systems which facilitate the creation, memorisation and transmission of knowledge. The network approach developed by BDPA wants to provide an answer to this new challenge. This can be done with the use of new information and communication technologies advances and by giving a more important place to human intervention. The leaders of the knowledge network of are in charge of building group dynamics for assisting the setting up of an actual intelligent community of shared knowledge and best practices. The organisation involved will have to present a large range of information, training and communication services in order to facilitate the transmission of technologies and the creation of intelligence based on an active participation of members
Boudemaghe, Thierry. "Elaboration d'un cadre méthodologique pour l'analyse de l'information médicale de la tarification à l'activité." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT022/document.
Full textMillions of computerized records describing inpatient hospitalization activity are produced year after year in France.In spite of the availability of this massive amount of data, no global, iterative and well calibrated related study on health system efficiency has been possible.There are of course many specific studies partially or totally relying on these data, but their systematic use for assessing hospital activity, catchment areas or population health needs remains to be implented.Our work aims to contribute to create a methodological framework for analyzing these data through a three step approach :- Definition of data consolidation methods ;- Creation of adequate data repositories ;- Determination of analysis methods for two general topics : hospital activity characterization and study, with example applications
Pauchet, Alexandre. "Modélisation cognitive d'interactions humaines dans un cadre de planification multi-agents." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132017.
Full textQuere, Bertrand. "L'information financière et comptable en Allemagne et en France du cadre conceptuel à la fonction sociale." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0039.
Full textThe fourth ec directive intended to harmonize rules regulating financial statements (individual accounts) in the different countries of the european community. These regulations have been introduced in france in 1982 and in germany in 1985 : one could think, therefore that financial reporting is unified in both countries on a standard basis. Nevertheless a comparative anlysis between german and french law and their normalisation systems actually shows that financial reporting in both countries is still strongly influenced by original interpretations and conceptuel frameworks inherited from different traditions and cultures. Theses specificities must not be neglected, because they lead to important divergences which are partially hidden by formal regulations issued by the fourth ec directive. German financial reporting system must not therefore be anylised on particularities opposed to a common framework, but understood by referring to a national context which makes these differences irreducible
SAADE, GHADIR. "Le star-system ou la deformation de l'information dans le cadre d'une mission diplomatique francaise au liban." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040055.
Full textLiege, Cédric. "Conception et mise en place d'outils de traitement de l'information scientifique dans le cadre d'une veille sécurité alimentaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30010.
Full textIn a food safety watch process, the target of the works is to optimize the different steps of the scientific database and Internet information processing. The analysis of the various risks allows to see that works must relate to the potential risks generate a large quantity of information because of scientific incertainty around these risks. The data processing of the scientific database is carried out by using a bibliometric study relating to a potential risk. The objective is to help the experts to structure their knowledge. The exploitation of Internet information is carried out by the conception and implementation of a search directory whose objective is to share search results on Internet
Platet, Pierrot Françoise. "L'information financière à la lumière d'un changement de cadre conceptuel comptable : Etude du message du Président des sociétés cotées françaises." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480501.
Full textDodin, Pierre. "Contrôle de l'information par optimisation sur les graphes géodétiques et contrôle de l'allocation dans le cadre des systèmes de capteurs délocalisés." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066096.
Full textLeclerc, Line. "Confidentialité et accès dans le cadre de la gestion de l'information administrative enjeux éthiques et proposition de jalons d'une réflexion éthique /." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2007.
Find full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 janvier 2008). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en éthique. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 81-87. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU
Imbo, Patrick. "Apport de la diversité de polarisation dans le cadre de Radars à Synthèse d'Ouverture spatiaux." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT015H.
Full textZeltzer, Murielle. "Les enjeux d'Internet face à la mobilisation citoyenne, dans le cadre d'une étude identitaire du sujet et de son rapport au virtuel." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Find full textKnap, Florence Marie. "Mémoire et contexte : étude de l'effet de fausse familiarité dans le cadre du veillissement." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21002.
Full textRessad-Bouidghaghen, Ourdia. "Accès contextuel à l'information dans un environnement mobile : approche basée sur l'utilisation d'un profil situationnel de l'utilisateur et d'un profil de localisation des requêtes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1404/.
Full textContextual information retrieval aims at combining knowledge about the query context and the user context in the same framework in order to better meet the user information needs. We propose a contextual search approach integrating a query location intent prediction method and a situational user profile modelling approach in order to improve the retrieval effectiveness for mobile search. We propose an approach to personalize search results for mobile users by exploiting both cognitive and spatio temporal context of the user. We propose to model the user on three semantic dimensions : time, location and interests. A case based reasoning approach is adopted to select the appropriate user profile for re-ranking the search results. In order to identify the user intent global, local explicit and local implicit, we exploit the top N search results returned by a general Web search engine to build a location query profile using language models. Two measures namely location Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Kurtosis defined on this profile, allow us to effectively classify the three types of queries. We also propose a multidimensional ranking model based on the standard relevance dimension of topic and the contextual dimensions of interests and location to personalise search results for o mobile user. The peculiarity of our multidimensional ranking lies in a "prioritized combination" of the considered criteria, using the "prioritized scoring" and "prioritized and" operators, which allow flexible personalization of search results according to users' preferences. As there is no standard evaluation protocol for evaluating contextual access retrieval, we have proposed context-oriented evaluation protocols ranging from simulation frameworks to user studies. We have exploited these protocols to evaluate our contributions in the domain and have shown the effectiveness of our approaches
Seitz, Ludwig. "Conception et mise en oeuvre de mécanismes sécurisés d'échange de données confidentielles : application à la gestion de données biomédicales dans le cadre d'architectures de grilles de calcul / données." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0055/these.pdf.
Full textGrid computing allows users to share multiple heterogeneous resources, such as computing power, storage capacity and data, and provides an architecture for transparent interoperation of these resources from the user's point of view. An upcoming application for Grids is health-care. More than for the first applications of Grids (e. G. Particle physics, terrestrial observation), security is a major issue for medical applications. Conventional data protection mechanisms are only of limited use, due to the novel security challenges posed by Grids. To respond to these challenges we propose an access control system that is decentralized and where the owners of some data are in control of the permissions concerning their data. Furthermore data may be needed at very short notice, the access control system must support a delegation of rights that is effective immediately. Grid users also need delegation mechanisms to give rights to processes, that act on their behalf. As these processes may spawn sub processes, multi-step delegation must be possible. In addition to these usability requirements, the transparent storage and replication mechanisms of Grids make it necessary to implement additional protection mechanisms for confidential data. Access control can be circumvented by attackers having access to the physical storage medium. We therefore need encrypted storage mechanisms to enhance the protection of data stored on a Grid. In this thesis we propose a comprehensive architecture for the protection of confidential data on Grids. This architecture includes an access control system and an encrypted storage scheme
Durieux, Valérie. "Le collaborative tagging appliqué à l'information médicale scientifique: étude des tags et de leur adoption par les médecins dans le cadre de leurs pratiques informationnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209555.
Full textTous les types d’informations ne pouvant être étudiés, la présente dissertation se focalise sur l’information médicale scientifique utilisée par les médecins dans le cadre de leur pratique professionnelle. Elle propose, dans un premier temps, de mesurer le potentiel des tags assignés dans deux systèmes de collaborative tagging (Delicious et CiteULike) à décrire l’information en les comparant à des descripteurs attribués par des professionnels de l’information pour un même échantillon de ressources. La comparaison a mis en lumière l’exploitabilité des tags en termes de dispositifs de recherche d’informations mais a néanmoins révélé des faiblesses indéniables par rapport à une indexation réalisée par des professionnels à l’aide d’un langage contrôlé.
Dans un second temps, la dissertation s’est intéressée aux utilisateurs finaux en quête d’informations, c’est-à-dire les médecins, afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure un système de collaborative tagging (CiteULike) peut assister ces derniers lors de leur recherche d’informations scientifiques. Pour ce faire, des entretiens individuels combinant interview semi-structurée et expérimentation ont été organisés avec une vingtaine de médecins. Ils ont fourni des indications riches et variées quant à leur adoption effective ou potentielle d’un système de collaborative tagging dans le cadre de leurs pratiques informationnelles courantes.
Enfin, cette dissertation se propose d’aller au-delà de l’étude des tags et du phénomène de collaborative tagging dans son ensemble. Elle s’intéresse également aux compétences informationnelles des médecins observés en vue d’alimenter la réflexion sur les formations qui leur sont dispensées tout au long de leurs études mais également durant leur parcours professionnel.
Doctorat en Information et communication
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Le, Corre Sébastien. "Intégration et évaluation de l'information géographique numérique dans le cadre des procédures des observatoires autoroutiers : démarche appliquée à l'A 20 et à la RN 88." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20002.
Full textLavinal, Emmanuel. "Un cadre organisationnel générique multi-agents pour une gestion autonome de réseaux et de services." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30104.
Full textActual network and service management solutions are facing an increasing complexity of both, the resources that have to be managed and the management functions to deploy. This difficulty has recently contributed to the birth of the self-management vision which consists in minimizing the interventions of the human administrator within the different phases of the management activity. The general contribution of our work proposes concepts, methods and mechanisms to facilitate the conception of self-management solutions. Its originality is based on the combination of an organizational and informational framework – emanating respectively from the domains of multi-agent systems and information modeling – and on the addition of a cooperative framework ensuring the coherence of this combination. Finally, we have defined a method and implemented a prototype that is available to developers of autonomous management solutions
Chardonnens, Anne. "La gestion des données d'autorité archivistiques dans le cadre du Web de données." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315804/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the management of authority records for persons. The research was conducted in an archival context in transition, which was marked by the evolution of international standards of archival description and a shift towards the application of knowledge graphs. The aim of this thesis is to explore how the archival sector can benefit from the developments concerning Linked Data in order to ensure the sustainable management of authority records. Attention is not only devoted to the creation of the records and how they are made available but also to their maintenance and their interlinking with other resources.The first part of this thesis addresses the state of the art of the developments concerning the international standards of archival description as well as those regarding the Wikibase ecosystem. The second part presents an analysis of the possibilities and limits associated with an approach in which the free software Wikibase is used. The analysis is based on an empirical study carried out with data of the Study and Documentation Centre War and Contemporary Society (CegeSoma). It explores the options that are available to institutions that have limited resources and that have not yet implemented Linked Data. Datasets that contain information of people linked to the Second World War were used to examine the different stages involved in the publication of data as Linked Open Data.The experiment carried out in the second part of the thesis shows how a knowledge base driven by software such as Wikibase streamlines the creation of multilingual structured authority data. Examples illustrate how these entities can then be reused and enriched by using external data in interfaces aimed at the general public. This thesis highlights the possibilities of Wikibase, particularly in the context of data maintenance, without ignoring the limitations associated with its use. Due to its empirical nature and the formulated recommendations, this thesis contributes to the efforts and reflections carried out within the framework of the transition of archival metadata.
Doctorat en Information et communication
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Cheaito, Marwan. "Un cadre de spécification et de déploi[e]ment de politiques d'autorisation." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1617/.
Full textOur work proposes a methodology for the conception and the development of an adaptable authorization system that can cover the requirements of access control in organizations such as the heterogeneity of organizational practices, the technologies used and the contexts to consider. To answer, two approaches of management have guided our study: the attribute based access control and the policy based management. * The attribute based access control permits to specify permissions related to any security characteristics of users, actions, resources and environment. This approach addresses the problems related to the expressivity of languages of authorization policies. * The policy based management, for its part, aims to enable the dynamic adaptability behavior of the system through the management of policies. Roughly, the architecture supporting this approach consists of two main entities: a policy decision point (PDP), and a policy enforcement point (PEP). The PDP is independent of the managed element, which interprets the policy and takes management decisions based on it. The PEP is the interface between the PDP and the managed element. It compels the managed system to execute the management decisions taken by the PDP. This architecture supports the integration of the management system in a managed environment. Therefore, we have chosen the standard XACML as a target technology because it supports both approaches. If in a theoretical point of view, XACML seems to address the issues of adaptability. However, systems designed according to this standard are limited to a given situation. In fact, a developed XACML system that satisfies the given requirements and a particular technological environment cannot be easily reused in another context. Therefore, it is necessary to define a methodology in order to render such authorization system adaptable in practice. Our approach is to define a minimal authorization system (i. E. A core that only supports the standard XACML) that can be easily extended for specific requirements in a given situation (ex. , the ability to express and implement policies including complex constraints, adaptation to a particular technological environment, etc. ). This raises the following questions: * What extensions that should be imported to the minimal authorization system? Is it possible to reuse the extensions for different situations? For example, the number of technologies used to store the user credentials is limited (ex. , LDAP, MySQL, Active Directory). However, the user credentials and the structuring of the data of user credentials may differ from one organization to another. * How to manage the lifecycle of the extensions in the authorization system ? In fact, there is a strong link between the use of an extension and the requirements expressed in an authorization policy. For example, the existence in the authorization system of an extension to retrieve the role of the user in a MySQL database is required only if the authorization system must evaluate at least one policy that includes constraints on the role of users. Otherwise, this extension does not happen to be present in the minimal authorization system. Similarly, if a policy including constraints on user roles is loaded into the authorization system, the associated extension must be added also. Based on the various studies from the field of software engineering related to the concept of adaptability, we have identified the requirements of adaptation of authorization systems. This work allows us to determine a classification of extensions according to the requirements of adaptability in authorization systems of type XACML. We have also proposed a methodology to facilitate the creation of extensions and promoting their reusability in the authorization system. Finally, we have addressed the problem of managing the lifecycle of the extensions in the authorization system by proposing the concept of "self-contained policy". A self-contained policy includes the authorization rules and any necessary information in order the authorization system interprets and runs it (i. E. , the extensions and their configurations). Also, we have described the architecture for specifying and deploying self-contained policies using the approach components-oriented services. Our architecture is flexible and dynamically adaptable. We have implemented it using the OSGi framework in order to validate our work in both terms of feasibility, and performance. In addition, we have conducted a self-contained policy editor that facilitates the writing of authorization rules and the configuration of the used extensions
Abdennadher, Cheffi Sonia. "L'adoption et l'utilisation des technologies et des systèmes d'information dans le cadre de la relation dirigeants-actionnaires : le cas du vote par Internet dans les assemblées générales d'actionnaires de sociétés cotées en France." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111026.
Full textLenoir, christophe. "Télévision et convergence des médias : vers un nouvel espace public ?, 2000-2005 : usages économiques et politiques de la convergence, conditions d'acceptabilité des énoncés et des moyens de contrôle dans un cadre de communication dématérialisé." Paris 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683153v1.
Full textHow can one assess the impact of the new digital framework of communication on the Public Sphere, on regulation bodies, on acceptability standards and on the autonomy of cultural audiovisual fields ? This thesis is organized in five parts, successively tackling the symbolic, economic, lawful and legal aspects of Convergence in relation to the specificities of cultural industries, especially television, with an aesthetic and political focus
Girard, Daniel. "Modèle de méthodologie de gestion des risques d'un projet d'innovation technologique en technologie de l'information évalué par des études de cas dans le cadre de projets de développement, d'intégration ou d'un projet de type mixte." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/892/1/GIRARD_Daniel.pdf.
Full textAyoub, Samir. "La communication sur le capital immatériel de l'entreprise dans le cadre d'une démarche de knowledge management (KM) : une nouvelle approche du lien stratégie-finance." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020010.
Full textPalacio, Damien. "Combinaison de critères par contraintes pour la Recherche d'Information Géographique." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551889.
Full textVancassel, Paul. "Les regards photographiques : dispositifs anthropotechniques et processus transindividuels." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294753.
Full textOdumuyiwa, Victor. "La gestion de la recherche collaborative d'information dans le cadre du processus d'intelligence économique." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634665.
Full textPierre, Julien. "Le cadre privatif : des données aux contextes : approche interdimensionnelle des enjeux de médiation de la vie privée." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825826.
Full textMaltais, Steeve. "Étude des préoccupations des techniciens en informatique dans le cadre du passage au système d'exploitation GNU/LINUX en milieu scolaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24005/24005.pdf.
Full textThis study delineates the concerns of computer technicians pertaining to the integration of a new operating system (GNU/Linux). The study has the following aims: 1) to quantify and qualify the technicians concerns ; and 2) to examine whether or how these concerns might affect the ways in which recipients work within a new operating system. Four technicians undergoing an integration of the GNU/Linux operating system were interviewed. Interview questions focused technicians fears and concerns about the operating system as well as any elements that may – or may not – lead techniciens to not effectuate a system change. The results of the study show that the technicians had concerns in 3 particular phases (out of a potential scale of seven phases). Their concerns primarily revolved around the recipient, the organization and the experimentation itself. The study also shows that even if notable concerns are present, the technicians are still willing to implement the GNU/Linux operating system. Appeals to certain rules and what type of installation ought to occur (with respect to GNU/Linux) figured prominently.
Ghoul, Samson Jacques. "Interactions d'utilisateurs et méta-communalisation d'avatars au sein de "Word of Warcraft" : Un cadre de communication entre espaces physique et numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0003.
Full textThis thesis focuses on avatar-mediated communication in a digital space called World of Warcraft, a "massively multiplayer online role-playing game" (often referred to as "MMORPG"). If we consider digital spaces in the light of the interactions that take place there, it appears that one of their particularities is the disappearance of the interactant's physical body (and its extensions, such as voice or postures) in favour of a digital body: the avatar. This substitution could be problematic since the physical body is an essential source of information for defining the situation that allows for a smooth interaction. However, previous research shows that individuals are still able to form groups or even sustain them. Thus, we were led to ask ourselves: to what extent is communication mediated by avatars sufficient to promote the sustainability of a group of individuals? To answer this question, we have continued Edward Castronova's conceptual lineage of understanding digital spaces as spaces in their own right, distinct from physical space. Translating this research axis in the field of Information and Communication Sciences, this led us to focus on the interactions carried out in a digital space and to consider that the distinction made between spaces could also apply to their inhabitants; from the point of view of interactions, the avatar is therefore an entity distinct from the user. In order to try to answer this question and test this theoretical framework, we set up a methodological triangulation. The main summit of this one was an ethnography, for more than two years, within two guilds (institutionalized groups of avatars) of World of Warcraft. This participant observation was complemented by formal interviews (second summit) and audiovisual recordings of the most intense periods of interaction (third summit). This methodological apparatus enabled us to grasp that avatars were able to produce groups and perpetuate them, not only by producing strong feelings, spatio-temporarily anchored such as nostalgia, but also by giving a ritual dimension to events essential to the daily life of these guilds. When viewed from the point of view of interactions, digital space then appears to be marked by a form of independence and autonomy that nevertheless faces certain essential limitations that has led us to consider that interactions carried out in a digital space can be more a matter of a communication framework than a social framework
Martin, Thérèse. "L'expérience de visite des enfants en musées de sciences dans le cadre des loisirs : logiques d'interprétation et enjeux d'un dispositif communicationnel." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783563.
Full textDemarty, Jérôme. "Développement et application du modèle SiSPAT-RS à l'échelle de la parcelle dans le cadre de l'expérience Alpilles ReSeDA." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004245.
Full textDi, Battista Jérôme. "Étude des techniques d'analyse de défaillance et de leur utilisation dans le cadre de l’évaluation de la sécurité des composants de traitement de l’information." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20011/document.
Full textThe purpose of failure analysis is to locate the source of a defect in order to characterize it, using different techniques (laser stimulation, light emission, electromagnetic emission...). Moreover, the aim of vulnerability analysis, and particularly side-channel analysis, is to observe and collect various leakages information of an integrated circuit (power consumption, electromagnetic emission ...) in order to extract sensitive data. Although these two activities appear to be distincted, they have in common the observation and extraction of information about a circuit behavior. The purpose of this thesis is to explain how and why these activities should be combined. Firstly it is shown that the leakage due to the light emitted during normal operation of a CMOS circuit can be used to set up an attack based on the DPA/DEMA technique. Then a second method based on laser stimulation is presented, improving the “traditional” attacks by injecting a photocurrent, which results in a punctual increase of the power consumption of a circuit. These techniques are demonstrated on an FPGA device
Hennezel, Claire d'. "Analyse communicationnelle des stratégies d'intelligence économique et des pratiques de veille dans le cadre de l'innovation : le cas des petites entreprises de l’industrie aéronautique, en Nouvelle Aquitaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30005.
Full textCompetitive intelligence (CI) and business intelligence are strategies that are well established in large companies and large SMEs. Since the Carayon report in 2003, competitive intelligence has become a public policy. These concepts have been of interest to several scientific disciplines since then, which gives them an interdisciplinary character. They are empirical and hybrid objects because they are derived from the practices of companies. The main disciplines to be studied here are the CIS and the management sciences, for the main ones, but also for the economics. The subject has been much observed, especially in large companies, notably by the management sciences because the competitive intelligence is mainly strategy of decision support. Today, in SIC, these objects are studied in particular from an information point of view, because information is at the heart of the processes examined. There are recurring problems in the analysis of these rather young concepts, which revolve around the difficulties of implementing these strategies in companies on the one hand, and the obstacles to the establishment of French public policy on the matter on the other hand. There are paradoxes about them. Small businesses and especially very small businesses have been little studied by the various scientific disciplines concerned, which is surprising given the importance of this type of companies in the national economy. On the other hand, public policies, which are fairly well perceived by large companies and large SMEs, fail to penetrate small businesses. This leads us to question the reasons for the barriers to these small business strategies and policies. The postulates of this research are based on the central idea that there are characteristics specific to small enterprises because of their structural constraints. These small companies are implementing their own disruptive CI strategies, which are based on processes that are inverse to those modeled for large enterprises. These processes are communicational in nature. Competitive and business intelligence in small businesses are based on a collaborative information-sharing culture. These strategies are implemented within the framework of an innovative organizational structure, reticular, quasi-organization, based on an organizational communication and built on a network strategy. Finally, competitive intelligence in small enterprises is based on a sphere of mediation, economic biocenosis, constituted by an entanglement of relations between several economic actors including state institutions which play a leading role
Dila, Gopal Krishna. "Motifs de codes circulaires dans les gènes codant les protéines et les ARN ribosomaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAD027.
Full textThe thesis focuses on motifs of the circular code X, an error-correcting code found in protein-coding genes, which have the ability to synchronize the reading frame. We first investigated the evolutionary conservation of X motifs in genes of different species and identified specific selective pressures to maintain them. We also identified a set of universal X motifs in ribosomal RNAs, which are located in important functional regions of the ribosome and suggest that circular codes represented an important step in the emergence of the standard genetic code (SGC). Then, we investigated the functional role of X motifs in modern translation processes and identified a strong correlation between X motif enrichment in genes and translation levels. Finally, we compared the frameshift optimality of the circular code X with the SGC and other maximal circular codes, and identified a new functionality of the code X in minimizing the effects of translation errors after frameshift events
Levray, Amélie. "Interval-based possibility theory : conditioning and probability/possibility transformations." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0408/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the development of efficient formalisms to handle uncertain information. Existing formalisms such as probability theory or possibility theory are among the most known and used settings to represent such information. Extensions and generalizations (e.g. imprecise probability theory, interval-based possibilistic theory) have been provided to handle uncertainty such as incomplete and ill-known knowledge and reasoning with the knowledge of a group of experts. We are particularly interested in reasoning tasks within these theories such as conditioning. The contributions of this thesis are divided in two parts. In the first part, we tackle conditioning in interval-based possibilistic framework and set-valued possibilistic framework. The purpose is to develop a conditioning machinery for interval-based possibilistic logic. Conditioning in a standard possibilistic setting differs whether we consider a qualitative or quantitative scale. Our works deal with both definitions of possibilistic conditioning. This leads us to investigate a new extension of possibilisticlogic, defined as set-valued possibilistic logic, and its conditioning machinery in the qualitative possibilistic setting. These results, especially in terms of complexity, lead us to study transformations, more precisely from probability to possibility theories. The second part of our contributions deals with probability-possibility transformation procedures. Indeed, we analyze properties of reasoning tasks such as conditioning and marginalization. We also tackle transformations from imprecise probability theory to possibility theory with a particular interest in MAP inference
Ríos, zapata David. "Démarche méthodologique pour la conception préliminaire et interactive." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0066/document.
Full textPreliminary design decision-making processes are related to the prioritisation of design specifications and variables in order to develop solutions that are closer to product's requirements. Nevertheless, the size of the information is often large and hard to understand: keeping in track the list of dependent variables, independent variables and design objectives is a challenging task, with potentially reprocessing and loss of time, especially when it is necessary to identify how a modification on a variable might impact the performance of the product.The objective of this thesis is to generate a method that can obtain a trade-off among the design objectives desirability. This trade-off process is supported on two aspects: i) the development of a traceability model, managing information from the input requirements (in the linguistic field) up to the variables definition (in the real numbers field). ii) A design amelioration framework, based on the definition of the design objectives desirability functions; the propagation of these functions until design variables allow to calculate the combinations of values that maximise the global desirability of the solution.The proposal of the thesis can be understood as a hybrid approach, including an interactive exploratory part and an inductive interactive part. On the exploratory part, designers can modify the variables using visual tools in order to understand in real time how these modifications have an impact on the design objectives. On the inductive part, designers make use a proposed pre-sizing method that calculates the values of the variables that maximise the desirability of the design objectives. This proposal is developed to perform on a multidisciplinary design environment, facing, either convex and non-convex problems
Bracco, Haulet Manuella. "Pratiques de la communication médiée à distance et en co-présence dans le cadre du travail collaboratif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL015.
Full textThis thesis has for objective to understand the joints of information and communication technologies in the communication activity organizations. What interests us, is to analyze how the use of objects put in relation, in tension, the actors in the collective action. The objective being to analyze how the work of cooperation builds itself through the use information and communication technology. It will be a question of seizing rules and mechanisms of the social order in the acts of communication mediatized by computer and of encircling well the way the user negotiates his interactions in the relations of interdependence which supposes the collective work.Our problem is to understand how the employee appropriates information and communication technologies? How he negotiates in his interactions within microcomputing- networks? What are the roles that he appropriates in the dramatization of himself?Our research work joins in the field of the communication of organizations and more exactly in the study of the communication approaches of the communication mediatized by computer within organizations.What interests us in our study is to seize, the joint between information and communication technologies and cooperative Work, that is to understand how the employees adjust their practices information and communication technologies to reconstruct systems of cooperation from tools arrangement
Aubourg, Gautier. "La démarche Smart City comme nouveau cadre d'intégration des méthodes issues du génie industriel dans les chaînes logistiques de la fonction publique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19623/1/AUBOURG_Gautier.pdf.
Full textBouillot, Daniel. "Relations du texte à l'image et au son dans le cadre d'une fiction littéraire interactive." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023951.
Full textTeisseire, Denis. "Genèse instrumentale des technologies numériques dans les activités des préfets." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1250/document.
Full textThe prefects will have for the next years to continue their action within a French company inscribed in the global dynamics of a "process of appropriation of a disruptive innovation" and "forces the users to break with their ways of doing and to think earlier ".How this "character" assumes this change is the inductive question of this research. Is there transformation, transition, evolution or avoidance?Using the Semiotics of Cooperative Transactions (STC) are identified in the narrations collected the clues of an appropriation of this digital transition, through : - its cognitive and emotional impacts ; - the description of the conditions and the context of use of objects that became instruments; - the managerial technique deployed to regulate the tensioning in his living area.The main contributions highlight : - a new report from the prefect to technology ; - a commitment to innovation as a support or facilitation of emerging initiatives, more difficult as a project leader ; - a draft of a digital republic that remains unclear, but which redistributes the social link and the organizational methods of collective action
Nguyen, Do Thien Vu. "La professionnalisation des enseignants de langues étrangères vietnamiens : entre tradition et industrialisation : étude comparative entre enseignants des secteurs public et privé." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC009/document.
Full textDuring recent years, education and training have experienced greater phenomena of industrialization in particular under the influence of the development of technologies. The field of foreign language teaching and learning (FLT) has also undergone changes due to the internationalization of certification standards and the growth of private training sector. The foreign language teaching field in Vietnam is not immune to these developments that inevitably lead to significant changes in the process of professionalization of the teaching staff. Our research aims at highlighting the way foreign language teachers in both public and private sectors represent their professionalism in this new context and the priorities they consider important in terms of professionalization. To do this, we conducted our empirical research in two stages: a pre-survey by interviews with colleagues in Dalat and a supplementary survey by an online questionnaire. The analysis of the 14 semi-structured interviews of the first phase helped us to build the questionnaire that was intended for a wider audience of teachers in the country. Our questionnaire survey (N 364) allowed us to draw three different profiles which are differently positioned in terms of the evolution of FLT. The discussion of the determinants of each profile provides a better understanding of the professional development dynamics of Vietnamese foreign language teachers
Désoyer, Adèle. "Appariement de contenus textuels dans le domaine de la presse en ligne : développement et adaptation d'un système de recherche d'information." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100119/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis, conducted within an industrial framework, is to pair textual media content. Specifically, the aim is to pair on-line news articles to relevant videos for which we have a textual description. The main issue is then a matter of textual analysis, no image or spoken language analysis was undertaken in the present study. The question that arises is how to compare these particular objects, the texts, and also what criteria to use in order to estimate their degree of similarity. We consider that one of these criteria is the topic similarity of their content, in other words, the fact that two documents have to deal with the same topic to form a relevant pair. This problem fall within the field of information retrieval (ir) which is the main strategy called upon in this research. Furthermore, when dealing with news content, the time dimension is of prime importance. To address this aspect, the field of topic detection and tracking (tdt) will also be explored.The pairing system developed in this thesis distinguishes different steps which complement one another. In the first step, the system uses natural language processing (nlp) methods to index both articles and videos, in order to overcome the traditionnal bag-of-words representation of texts. In the second step, two scores are calculated for an article-video pair: the first one reflects their topical similarity and is based on a vector space model; the second one expresses their proximity in time, based on an empirical function. At the end of the algorithm, a classification model learned from manually annotated document pairs is used to rank the results.Evaluation of the system's performances raised some further questions in this doctoral research. The constraints imposed both by the data and the specific need of the partner company led us to adapt the evaluation protocol traditionnal used in ir, namely the cranfield paradigm. We therefore propose an alternative solution for evaluating the system that takes all our constraints into account
Bornettini-Eymery, Jayaura. "Quelle[s] méthodologie[s] didactique[s] pour l'enseignement de l'italien en ligne, en France et en Italie, comme langue étrangère ?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030004.
Full textIs on-line teaching as efficient and successful as conventional teaching when about teaching a foreign language today? what are the best methodologies for this teaching typology ? Are there many or is there only one? Such are the issues - and even more - on trial in this research work and we have attempted ton find answers. We have examined the training aids as well as the technological supports of on-line teaching with a descriptive and analytic view, that make it possible to convey a foreign language in its fullest dimension - receptive and productive - in a much more successful way at times than in a traditional teaching
Coindreau, Jonathan. "Analyse comparée de l’équivalence des supports papier et électronique au regard de l’évolution du droit civil de la preuve par écrit en France et au Québec." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROD001.
Full textWith the emergence of information technology, the era of dematerialization has spread to all areas of society. The legal framework was forced to evolve and to regulate these new practices in order to establish a climate of trust. In this context, this study analyzes the influence of dematerialization on French and Quebec civil evidence law. These two legal systems have rapidly taken measures in order to regulate evidence in electronic form. As it turns out, the French and Quebec legislative choices differ noticeably, both in substance and in form, in fact, a similar purpose appears, that of functional equivalence between tangible and intangible media. In both cases, it is a question of achieving equality of media, not based on the form of the means of media, traditional or electronic, but on its function, such as integrity, intelligibility, identification, durability etc. To this end, the French and Quebec laws have succeeded to recognize an equivalent probative force, provided that the functional criteria have been duly fulfilled and it is possible to demonstrate it. Indeed, it appears that the fulfillment of the functional criteria does not have the same level of diligence between the medium. Therefore, if the same function differs from one medium to another, the admissibility of the electronic evidence becomes dependent on greater legal risk than the traditional means of evidence. Could it be the case that the law did not succeed in ensuring the equivalence between the mediums ? Through a theoretical comparison between French and Quebec law, this analysis shows that trust in digital tools does not inevitably depend on the rigor of its framework, but to the contrary, on a subtle balance between sufficient legal reliability and necessary practical use
Poirier, Mathieu. "Relations publiques et communications organisationnelles : analyse des processus de communication interne à des fins d'information dans le cadre d'une gestion de crise." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4467/1/M12358.pdf.
Full textMeunier, Hélène. "Mise à l'essai de l'ordinateur de poche pour l'observation en classe dans le cadre d'une démarche d'évaluation des compétences." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1145/1/M10228.pdf.
Full textMertens, Frédéric. "Le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la diffusion d'innovations préventives complexes dans le cadre d'une recherche participative pour réduire l'exposition au mercure en Amazonie." Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3714/1/D1955.pdf.
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