Journal articles on the topic 'Cadmium – Environmental aspects'
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Benavides, María P., Susana M. Gallego, and María L. Tomaro. "Cadmium toxicity in plants." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, no. 1 (March 2005): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202005000100003.
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Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional, and environmental reasons. Plants posses homeostatic cellular mechanisms to regulate the concentration of metal ions inside the cell to minimize the potential damage that could result from the exposure to nonessential metal ions. This paper summarizes present knowledge in the field of higher plant responses to cadmium, an important environmental pollutant. Knowledge concerning metal toxicity, including mechanisms of cadmium homeostasis, uptake, transport and accumulation are evaluated. The role of the cell wall, the plasma membrane and the mycorrhizas, as the main barriers against cadmium entrance to the cell, as well as some aspects related to phytochelatin-based sequestration and compartmentalization processes are also reviewed. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress was also considered as one of the most studied topics of cadmium toxicity.
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Pokhilyuk, Natalia V., and Anatoly L. Gorbachev. "Ethnic aspects of toxic elements in the Russian Northeast." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-1-58-66.
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One of the urgent problems of ecology is the environmental pollution of the northern regions with toxic elements and their negative impact on human health. The analysis of the content of lead, cadmium and mercury in the body of aboriginal and visiting residents of the Northeast of Russia was carried out. The balance of essential (calcium, zinc) and toxic (lead, cadmium) elements was considered. Statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium and lead in aboriginal residents and Caucasians were noted. Among the Evens, the median of cadmium exceeded that of the Koryaks, Chukchis, and Caucasoids; the value of the median of lead among the Chukchis was lower compared to that in other ethnic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the content of mercury between Koryaks, Evens and Chukchis, as well as between aboriginal residents and Caucasians. There are no critical levels of mercury in the body of aborigines. The median mercury in the hair of the Koryaks, Chukchis and Evens did not exceed the biologically acceptable level - 0.5 µg/g. Among aboriginal residents, the highest percentage of samples with mercury content in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 µg/g (background level) was noted in 33.8% of Evens and 30% of Koryaks; among the Chukchi, this figure was 8.6%. Elevated levels of mercury in some aboriginal people may be due to the high proportion of fish and seafood containing methylmercury in the diet. The proportions of toxic metals (Pb, Cd) in relation to their essential antagonist elements (Ca, Zn) indicate that toxic elements do not disrupt the biochemical processes controlled by the corresponding essential elements. Thus, the study area of the Northeast of Russia, in terms of toxic load on the population, can be attributed to territories with a relatively favorable environmental situation.
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Kress, Nurit. "Chemical Aspects of Coal Fly Ash Disposal at Sea: Predicting and Monitoring Environmental Impact." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0581.
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Monitoring studies at a deep sea fly ash dumping site found that the ash accumulates at the sea bed, causing a physical change in the sediments. Partial leaching of cadmium and chromium to seawater was detected in laboratory experiments, but no evidence of it was found in the sediments or benthic fauna sampled at the dumping site.
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Lodeiro, Pablo, Roberto Herrero, and Manuel E. Sastre de Vicente. "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects on the Biosorption of Cadmium by Low Cost Materials: A Review." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 6 (2006): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06043.
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Environmental Context. The toxicity of cadmium in waters can be decreased by using a wide variety of low-cost biomaterials. A number of such investigations are reviewed here and the models used to describe the process of biosorption discussed. Fundamental investigations that probe the thermodynamics and kinetics of the biosorption process are essential for a strong understanding of all biosorption processes. Areas that still need addressing are highlighted, in particular with regard to cadmium biosorption, some models for which are ready to be tested in pilot plants. Abstract. Cadmium is internationally recognized as an important pollutant in the environment, and different methods for its removal from wastewaters (chemical precipitation being the most commonly used) have been reported in the literature. Those methods are in most cases oriented to situations with high concentrations of the pollutant. Thus, alternative removal and recovery methods are being considered for removing very low concentrations of cadmium. These methods are all based on biosorption, the passive adsorption and sequestration of metals by several natural materials of biological origin. In this review we have considered the biosorption of cadmium onto biomaterials from a physicochemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic perspective. The thermodynamic perspective is based on the characterization of the interactions of the binding sites of the biosorbents with cadmium species in aqueous solution. Traditionally, this approach has been quantified using different kinds of isotherms. In addition, the description is completed by taking into account electrostatic effects, and the influence of pH and ionic strength, which are associated with the negative charge developed, in most cases, by the biomaterial. The other point of view in this review is the kinetic one, which is necessary for a full physicochemical description of the sorbate–biosorbent system. Consequently, an updated description of the various approaches commonly employed in kinetic studies in biosorption has been carried out.
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Draghici, George A., Cristina A. Dehelean, Iulia Pinzaru, Despina M. Bordean, Georgeta Pop, and Dragos V. Nica. "An 112 Days Experiment on Dietary Cadmium Retention in Hepatopancreas in Adult Cantareus aspersus Snails." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (September 15, 2019): 2803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7431.
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Cadmium is very hazardous pollutant with massive impact on aspects of everyday life. Little knowledge exists on kinetics of dietary cadmium retention in Cantareus aspersus for durations above three months although this species of land snails serves as excellent ecotoxicological model for studying cadmium hazard. Here was used a continuous 112-day exposure study design, in which test snails were exposed to a wide range of dietary cadmium levels, including human- and environmentally-relevant levels. Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, cadmium levels in the hepatopancreas were found to increase significantly, and in dose-dependent manner starting from a dietary cadmium dose of 0.2 mg/kg dry weight. The results of the present study render the hepatopancreas of mature snails, C. aspersus, as excellent endpoints for assessing Cd toxicity over a broad range of concentrations. Hence, this species of land snails can be reliably used for both active and passive biomonitoring of environmental cadmium pollution.
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Hazelhoff Roelfzema, W., A. M. Roelofsen, and J. H. J. Copius Peereboom-Stegeman. "Light microscopic aspects of the rat placenta after chronic cadmium administration." Science of The Total Environment 42, no. 1-2 (March 1985): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90017-8.
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Nuss, Philip. "Losses and environmental aspects of a byproduct metal: tellurium." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 4 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18282.
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Environmental contextStudies involving modelling are increasingly being performed to better understand how technology-critical elements such as tellurium are transported and accumulated in man-made technological systems. The resulting ‘anthropogenic cycles’ provide estimates of current and anticipated future material releases to the environment, and their associated environmental implications. This information complements data on natural cycles in which the subsequent transport and fate of tellurium in the environment can be examined. AbstractGlobal demand for tellurium has greatly increased owing to its use in solar photovoltaics. Elevated levels of tellurium in the environment are now observed. Quantifying the losses from human usage into the environment requires a life-cycle wide examination of the anthropogenic tellurium cycle (in analogy to natural element cycles). Reviewing the current literature shows that tellurium losses to the environment might occur predominantly as mine tailings, in gas and dust and slag during processing, manufacturing losses, and in-use dissipation (situation in around 2010). Large amounts of cadmium telluride will become available by 2040 as photovoltaic modules currently in-use reach their end-of-life. This requires proper end-of-life management approaches to avoid dissipation to the environment. Because tellurium occurs together with other toxic metals, e.g. in the anode slime collected during copper production, examining the life-cycle wide environmental implication of tellurium production requires consideration of the various substances present in the feedstock as well as the energy and material requirements during production. Understanding the flows and stock dynamics of tellurium in the anthroposphere can inform environmental chemistry about current and future tellurium releases to the environment, and help to manage the element more wisely.
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K. Samrane and A. Bouhaouss. "CADMIUM IN PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZERS: BALANCE AND TRENDS." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 03 (2022): 2103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1536865.
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The fertilizer industry is developing its activities by processing and upgrading natural phosphates, for several years that it has been in a conformist dynamic to face environmental, economic, financial, and political constraints. These constraints have incubated a significant industrial evolution in terms of technological progress, product diversification, knowledge, and innovation. Specifically, in wet phosphoric acid manufacturing, the 1980s brought a huge upheaval and changes in terms of strategies and practices following the development of environmental regulations. The environmentalist awareness, linked to the political and community trends, has resulted in the development of regulatory norms, as well as strict market demand for high-quality phosphoric acid and fertilizers products. Thus, cadmium has become an increasing concern to the phosphate industry and is considered one of the most important challenges currently facing the fertilizer industry for continuous market supply and growth. The present article gives an overview of cadmium in terms of market, applications, exposure, mobility, and bioavailability, and discusses balance and figures regarding cadmium in the phosphate and fertilizer industry. The article also outlines the technological aspects of cadmium removal from wet phosphoric acid, considering recent developments and conclusions that still confirm a challenge to find out an economic and available technology. Keywords: Cadmium, Phosphoric Acid, Market, Balance, Phosphate Fertilizers.
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Kärrman, E., and H. Jönsson. "Normalising impacts in an environmental systems analysis of wastewater systems." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0309.
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In an environmental systems analysis of four wastewater systems, the environmental aspects were prioritised by normalisation of predicted impacts from the studied systems to the total impacts from society. Priority Group 1 (highest priority) consisted of discharges (flows) of nitrogen, cadmium, lead and mercury to water, recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus to arable land and flows of heavy metals to arable land. A conventional wastewater system (A) was compared to irrigation of energy forest with biologically treated wastewater (B), liquid composting of toilet wastewater (C) and a conventional system supplemented with urine separation (D). Analysing the aspects in priority group one, systems B–D improved the management of plant nutrients and decreased the flow of heavy metals to water, while the flow to arable land increased, especially for system B. The suggested method is useful in municipal environmental planning and when choosing a wastewater system.
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Dong, J., W. H. Mao, G. P. Zhang, F. B. Wu, and Y. Cai. "Root excretion and plant tolerance to cadmium toxicity - a review." Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2205-pse.
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Significant quantities of Cd have been added to soils globally due to various anthropogenic activities, posing a serious threat to safe food production and human health. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in the agro-environmental system. This article presents a review of relationship between root excretion and microorganisms and plant resistance to Cd toxicity and possible mechanisms. Root exudates markedly altered in species and quantity under Cd stress. Root exudates can affect Cd absorption by plants through changing the physical and chemical characteristics of rhizospheres. The influence of root exudates on Cd bioavailability and toxicity may include modifying the rhizosphere pH and Eh, chelating/complexing and depositing with Cd ions, and altering the community construction, the numbers and activities of rhizospheric microbes. In this paper, the methods to reduce the transfer of Cd in soil-plant system by adjusting rhizosphere environment are discussed, and some aspects are also proposed that should be emphasized in the future research work.
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Nakonieczny, M. "Functional aspects of cadmium and selenium interactions in insect digestive tract. Enzyme studies." Science of The Total Environment 134 (January 1993): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80060-9.
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Patterson, M. H., A. K. Turner, M. Sadeghi, and R. J. Marshall. "Health, safety and environmental aspects of the use of cadmium compounds in thin film PV modules." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 35 (September 11, 1994): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90155-4.
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Barashev, A. R., O. V. Bazhenov, and Yu O. Tarasova. "Alternative Technology of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Recycling." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.822.
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The issue of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling is currently relevant due to a number of aspects: economic, environmental and social. It is most acute across the national corporation JSC Russian Railways. The article deals with some technological features of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling with valuable components being extracted (from the example of nickel-cadmium storage batteries of JSC "RZD" rolling equipment). The results of leaching in Trilon B synthetic oxides solution, the presence of which is possible in the raw material being processed, are presented in the study. Based on the study of leaching processes of CdO, NiO, FeO, Femet and Fe2O3 in Trilon B solution, the dependence of complexing on the pH of the solution was revealed. The experimental site of the hydrometallurgical processing of the research center (OCGP IC) in the GMO KhMC PJSC "Uralelectromed" was selected as the testing one for the technology proposed. As a raw material for the tests, a lot of negative lamellae packed in alkaline storage batteries of two different types were used. They were obtained as a result of preliminary drying and cutting at OOO Kursk factory "Accumulator". The particle size is 90% - 0.1 mm. The results obtained during the research allowed the author to formulate a hypothesis about the practical use of Trilon B for the processing of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries with the extraction of valuable components having greater economic, environmental and social benefits compared to methods based on pyro metallurgy.
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Taleb, Jihen, Saida Ncibi, Intidhar Bkhairia, Amani Smida, Lamia Mabrouki, Moncef Nasri, and Lazhar Zourgui. "Therapeutic potential of Opuntia ficus indica extract against cadmium-induced osteoporosis and DNA bone damage in male rats." Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.256.
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the protective effects of ‘Opuntia ficus indica’ (family Cactaceae) against osteoporosis induced by cadmium chloride in female Wistar rats. Experiments were carried out on 36 male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) divided into four groups of nine each: a control group, a group treated with cadmium (3,5 mg/kg /day) by subcutaneous injection, a group treated with Opuntia ficus indica extract (100 mg/Kg/day) by gavage, and a group treated with opuntia extract then treated with cadmium. After 10 weeks of treatment, animals from each group were rapidly sacri?ced by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation. Bone toxicity was estimated by examining femoral length and weight, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D3 and alkaline phsphatase (ALP) levels, oxidative status and DNA aspects in femur tissue. Results showed that cadmium could induce hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, Vit D deficiency, increase in ALP level, and decrease in femur weight and length. Also, an oxidative stress evidenced by statistically signi?cant losses in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) activities and an increase in lipids peroxidation level in bone tissue of cadmium-treated group compared with the control group. In addition, histological analysis in bone tissue of cadmium-induced rats revealed pronounced morphological alterations with areas of bone resorption and a loss of normal architecture of femur diaphysis bone as well as DNA fragmentation. However, administration of cactus extract attenuated cadmium-induced bone damage. The protective effect of the plant can be attributed to its antioxidant properties and the existence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, as highlighted by HPLC-based analysis. These findings indicate that ‘Opuntia ficus indica’ extract, can be used as a new option in nutraceutical field.
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Barashev, R., O. V. Bazhenov, G. A. Tkachuk, and Yu O. Tarasova. "Features of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Recycling." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.998.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The issue of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling is currently relevant due to a number of aspects: economic, environmental and social. It is most acute across the national corporation JSC Russian Railways. The article deals with some technological features of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling with valuable components being extracted (from the example of nickel-cadmium storage batteries of JSC ”RZD” rolling equipment). The results of leaching in Trilon B synthetic oxides solution, the presence of which is possible in the raw material being processed, are presented in the study. Based on the study of leaching processes of CdO, NiO, FeO, Femet and Fe</span><span>2</span><span>O</span><span>3 </span><span>in Trilon B solution, the dependence of complexing on the pH of the solution was revealed. The experimental site of the hydrometallurgical processing of the research center (OCGP IC) in the GMO KhMC PJSC ”Uralelectromed” was selected as the testing one for the technology proposed. As a raw material for the tests, a lot of negative lamellae packed in alkaline storage batteries of two different types were used. They were obtained as a result of preliminary drying and cutting at OOO Kursk factory ”Accumulator”. The particle size is 90% - 0.1 mm. The results obtained during the research allowed the author to formulate a hypothesis about the practical use of Trilon B for the processing of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries with the extraction of valuable components having greater economic, environmental and social benefits compared to methods based on pyro metallurgy.</span></p></div></div></div>
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Coimbra Vieira, Leonardo Henrique, Rafael Gundim Silva, Bruno Oliveira da Silva, Sérgio De Souza Henrique Júnior, Sílvio Carrielo Câmara, and Júlio Carlos Afonso. "AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE PILHAS ALCALINAS E ZINCO-CARBONO DE DIFERENTES PROCEDÊNCIAS." Eclética Química Journal 38, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v38.1.2013.p09-24.
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This work presents a study on the chemical composition of spent batteries manufactured in Brazil and Asian countries. The goal was to compare the quality of these products. Samples were disassembled prior to chemical characterization. The Asian batteries presented much more elements, including higher amounts of iron, mercury, cadmium and lead, and lower amounts of manganese and zinc than Brazilian batteries. Therefore, they present a higher environmental hazard. Also, their performance in several electroelectronic devices was much poorer than the Brazilian samples. Socio-economical aspects explain the considerable market for Asian batteries in Brazil.
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Chala, О., О. Chaly, and S. Nagorny. "The mathematical model for forecasting the accumulation of heavy metals in pig production." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 2(158) (November 24, 2020): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2020-158-2-120-127.
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The results of research represent the impact of extensive doses of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in store pigs bodies. Heavy metals were fed jointly and individually in the doses exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations in the fodder by 10 and 20 times. Therefore, the process of intoxication of the biological object (a swine) by heavy metals is modeled in a way similar to that, which might occur as the result of environmental pollution. The study was performed in order to determine the targets and the extent of the impact of heavy metals exerted upon the body weight, weight of inner parts of the animal body, and the incorporation rate of heavy metals in the swine breeding products. Statistical processing of the obtained data allowed developing mathematical models and determining the correlational relationships between the aspects under investigation. It is determined that heavy metals exert an essential negative impact upon the rate of animal growth and the power of influence increases with the dose. It is also confirmed by a high value of correlational relationship between these parameters (the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.854). Thus, the body weight of swine during the latter of I-II stagesdecreased by 5.5 to 14.8% as it was compared to the control under the influence of hemotoxic substances. The extent of the impact was also dependent upon the toxin itself. Thus, the largest negative effect was observed both under the impact of cadmium only and of cadmium and lead taken together. The highest accumulation of heavy metals was observed in the liver and kidneys, whereas the lowest – in the muscles. The built regression equations showed that increasing of the dose of the relevant element in the fodder exerted the main impact on concentration of cadmium and lead in the body and meat. The content of cadmium in the fodder exerted an impact upon concentration of lead in the meat – with the increase of cadmium concentration the content of lead in the meat decreased. The results of the studies provide an overview of the targets and the extent of the impact exerted by heavy metals upon biological objects. The mathematical models may be used for prediction of the impact and the incorporation rate value of the hemotoxic substances in the swine breeding products. Key words: lead, cadmium, swine breeding products, ecocide environmental impact, migration of xenobiotic, mathematical model.
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Santos, Francielli Weber, and Cristina Wayne Nogueira. "Agentes quelantes sulfidrílicos: uma revisão." Ciência e Natura 25, no. 25 (December 9, 2003): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27243.
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The increase industrial use of metais such as berilium, cadmium, copper, lead, magnesium and nickel results inevitably on a more contaminated environment. For this reason, environmental chronic poisonings with these metais have not been unusual and is a serious human health concern. Chelation therapy has been the basis for the medical treatment of metal poisoning for the past 4 decades. Chelating agents have been used clinically as antidotes for acute and chronic metal intoxications. These compounds enhance the excretion of toxic elements such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, or mercury, which are also well-known developmental toxicants. Moreover, they also decrease the metal's toxicity by preventing it from binding to cellular target molecules. However, there are many questions concerning the use of these compounds, including a wide range of overt and hidden undesirable side effects caused by these therapeutic dithiol chelating agents. The aspects pointed out above clearly indicate that more detailed experimental and clinical experiments are required to better establish the toxicological properties of BAL, DMPS and DMSA.
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Adamu, Faggo Abdullahi, Khalizan Sabullah, Umar Abubakar Muhammad, Nur Adeela Yasid, and Mohd Yunus Shukor. "Kinetic Analysis of the Adsorption of Cadmium onto Activated Carbon from Tridax procumbens." Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v10i1.691.
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While Cd production, consumption, and environmental release have all skyrocketed in recent decades, there is currently no practical way to recycle Cd compounds. This suggests that Cd compounds may be very dangerous to human health. Due to this cadmium remediation from polluted environment is urgently needed. Several viable technologies include biosorption, which has several positive aspects which include low operating expenses, very efficient detoxification of toxicants at low concentrations and low amount of disposal materials. The biosorption of the biosorption of cadmium onto the activated carbon from Tridax procumbens is remodeled using nonlinear regression and the optimal mode was determined by a series of error function assessments. Statistical analysis showed that the best kinetic model for adsorption was pseudo-1st order. All error function analyses supported the pseudo-1st order model. The pseudo-1st order kinetic constants obtained were qe (mg/g) of 5.808 (95% confidence interval from 5.043 to 6.573) and k1 (per min) of 0.009 (95% confidence interval from 0.0064 to 0.0117). Nonlinear modeling enables the determination of a 95 percent confidence interval for the uncertainty range, which can be used in model comparison and discriminant analysis.
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Aksenov, V. A., O. S. Yudaeva, and E. A. Ovanesova. "ASSESSMENT OF HARMFUL CHEMICAL FACTORS IN MAINTENANCE OF BATTERIES." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-5-19.
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For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The article analyzes the specifics of the aspects of occupational risk to the health of workers in the battery compartment of a passenger car depot caused by chemical contamination of the industrial environment. The results of the research of the heavy metal content in workrooms are presented, the issues of monitoring and normalizing labor conditions in the presence of harmful chemical factors are considered. Keywords: railway, car depot, storage batteries, chemical factor, heavy metals, control and rationing, production environment. REFERENCES 1.Aksenov, V.A., Raenok, D.L., Zavialov, A. M.System of Labor Protection and Professional Risks.World of Transport and Transportation, Vol.11, 2013, Iss.2, pp.164-169. 2.Ovanesova, E. A. Ecological and hygienic aspects of operation of modern types of storage batteries in passenger rail vehicles [Ekologo-gigienicheskie aspekty ekspluatacii sovremennyh tipov akkumuljatornyh batarej na passazhirskom zheleznodorozhnom podvizhnom sostave].Transport Complex in the Regions: Experience and Prospects for Traffic Organization: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference.Ed.by A. A. Platonov.Voronezh, Runa publ., 2015, Iss.1, pp.59-62. 3.Yudaeva, O.S., Ovanesova, E. A. Some ecological and hygienic aspects of maintenance of accumulator batteries of the passenger rolling stock of railway transport [Nekotorye ekologo-gigienicheskie aspekty obsluzhivanija akkumuljatornyh batarej passazhirskogo podvizhnogo sostava zheleznodorozhnogo transporta].Nauka i tehnika transporta, 2015, Iss.4, pp.8-10. 4.Methodological recommendations on ensuring environmental safety of passenger cars of locomotive traction produced by JSC TVZ [Metodicheskie rekomendacii po obespecheniju ekologicheskoj bezopasnosti passazhirskih vagonov lokomotivnoj tjagi proizvodstva OAO «TVZ»].Moscow, VNIIZhG Rospotrebnadzor, 2012. 5.Ivanova, E.A., Belkov, V. M. Operation and utilization of nickel-cadmium batteries [Ekspluatacija i utilizacija nikel’-kadmievyh akkumuljatorov].Vestnik VNIIZhT, 2011, Iss.2, pp.32-34. 6.Methodology for conducting an inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (by calculation method).Approved by Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on 28.10.1998 [Metodika provedenija inventarizacii vybrosov zagrjaznjajushhih veshhestv v atmosferu dlja avtotransportnyh predprijatij (raschetnym metodom). Utv. Mintransom RF 28.10.1998]. 7.Grishin, S. V. Technology of processing cadmium, nickel-containing waste and discharge characteristics of nickel-cadmium batteries made from recycled materials.Ph.D.(Eng.) thesis [Tehnologija pererabotki kadmij-, nikel’soderzhashhih othodov i razrjadnye harakteristiki nikel’-kadmievyh akkumuljatorov, izgotovlennyh iz vtorichnogo syr’ja. Dis… kand. tehn. nauk].Saratov, 2007, 128 p. 8.Korovin, N. V. Electrochemical energy [Elektrohimicheskaja energetika].Moscow, Energoatomizdat publ., 1991, 264 p. 9.Khryukin, N. S. Ventilation and heating of battery rooms [Ventiljacija i otoplenie akkumuljatornyh pomeshhenij].Moscow, Energia publ., 1979, 120 p. 10.Gichev, Yu.P. Pollution of the environment and environmental conditioning of human pathology: Analytical review / GPNTB SO RAN [Zagrjaznenie okruzhajushhej sredy i ekologicheskaja obuslovlennost’ patologii cheloveka: Analit. obzor / GPNTB SO RAN].Novosibirsk, 2003, 138 p.
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HAKIMI, MOHAMMAD, ZAHRA MARDANI, and KEYVAN MOEINI. "Geometrical Aspects of Trinuclear Tetra-µ-Chloro-Cadmium Complex with 5-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-Triazole-3,4-Diamine." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 29, no. 1 (March 5, 2013): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/290122.
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Feng, Shan Xin, Shi Qiang Pan, and Yu Rong Wang. "Research on the Application of Porous Ceramic Waste Gas Purification Device in Ceramic Kiln." Materials Science Forum 980 (March 2020): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.980.410.
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Ceramic kiln in the use of the process of high energy consumption, high resource consumption, serious environmental pollution and other problems are the current ceramic industry development of serious problems.Kiln combustion exhaust gas pollution types mainly include: SO2, NOx, CO, particulate matter, lead, cadmium, nickel and its compounds, fluoride and chloride and so on, and the traditional kiln direct emissions into the atmosphere, causing serious pollution to the environment, the need to have reliable purification treatment devices to meet emissions requirements, but the original purification plant purification effect is poor, process complex aspects of problems.This paper introduces a new porous ceramic purification device to improve the electric kiln exhaust gas purification to improve the catalytic conversion of CO, NOX, SO2 desulfurization and particulate matter purification.
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Usuda, Kan, Koichi Kono, Keiko Ohnishi, Shin Nakayama, Yumiko Sugiura, Yasuhiro Kitamura, Akihiro Kurita, Yuko Tsuda, Motoshi Kimura, and Yasuhisa Yoshida. "Toxicological aspects of cadmium and occupational health activities to prevent workplace exposure in Japan: A narrative review." Toxicology and Industrial Health 27, no. 3 (October 11, 2010): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710386404.
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Miškufová, Andrea, Alexandra Medvecová, Anna Kochmanová, Dušan Olčák, and Viktor Hronský. "Problems with Solidification of Fly Ashes from the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 832 (April 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.31.
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One of the negative aspects of MSW (municipal solid waste) incineration is production of hazardous fly ashes. MSW fly ash usually contains heavy metals like for example chromium, lead, cadmium and organic substances (dioxins, furans), soluble compounds (salts) and other harmful substances. According to environmental legislative and with respect to the environment fly ash as a hazardous waste should be stabilized before landfilling. This work deals with certain problems occurring at solidification process of MSW fly ash by cementation. This work also describes efficiency of stabilization by two different binders (slag cement and waste containing alumina and silica). Leachability tests by TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) and compressive strength of original and solidified samples by use of uniaxial pressing were studied in order to find suitable parameters for effective stabilization.
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Alengebawy, Ahmed, Sara Taha Abdelkhalek, Sundas Rana Qureshi, and Man-Qun Wang. "Heavy Metals and Pesticides Toxicity in Agricultural Soil and Plants: Ecological Risks and Human Health Implications." Toxics 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030042.
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Environmental problems have always received immense attention from scientists. Toxicants pollution is a critical environmental concern that has posed serious threats to human health and agricultural production. Heavy metals and pesticides are top of the list of environmental toxicants endangering nature. This review focuses on the toxic effect of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) adversely influencing the agricultural ecosystem (plant and soil) and human health. Furthermore, heavy metals accumulation and pesticide residues in soils and plants have been discussed in detail. In addition, the characteristics of contaminated soil and plant physiological parameters have been reviewed. Moreover, human diseases caused by exposure to heavy metals and pesticides were also reported. The bioaccumulation, mechanism of action, and transmission pathways of both heavy metals and pesticides are emphasized. In addition, the bioavailability in soil and plant uptake of these contaminants has also been considered. Meanwhile, the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between heavy metals and pesticides and their combined toxic effects have been discussed. Previous relevant studies are included to cover all aspects of this review. The information in this review provides deep insights into the understanding of environmental toxicants and their hazardous effects.
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Kowalik, Robert, Jolanta Latosińska, Monika Metryka-Telka, Rafał Porowski, and Jarosław Gawdzik. "Comparison of the Possibilities of Environmental Usage of Sewage Sludge from Treatment Plants Operating with MBR and SBR Technology." Membranes 11, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090722.
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Sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants has soil-forming and fertilising properties. However, sewage sludge cannot always be used in nature, including agriculture. One of the main reasons is the concentration of heavy metals. Sludge from wastewater treatment plants operating in MBR (membrane biological reactor) and SBR (sequential batch reactor) systems was analysed. Studies comparing the risk analysis of the natural use of sludge from MBR and SBR treatment plants were performed for the first time, due to the fact that more and more MBR plants, which are a BAT technology, are being developed in Poland, displacing the classical SBR plants. MBR technology uses a combination of activated sludge and filtration with microfiltration membranes. Wastewater treated in these reactors meets the highest quality standards, both in terms of physicochemical and microbiological aspects. This paper presents studies on the mobility of heavy metals in sewage sludge carried out using the BCR sequential extraction method. Geo-accumulation index (GAI), potential environmental risk index (ER), risk assessment code (RAC), and environmental risk determinant (ERD) were calculated. Heavy metals dominated the stable fractions in all cases. Furthermore, an increased content of copper and cadmium was observed in the MBR sludge. This fact is favourable in view of the efforts to eliminate heavy metals in the environment.
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Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli, and Ebru Emekli-Alturfan. "Wnt pathway: A mechanism worth considering in endocrine disrupting chemical action." Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, no. 1 (January 2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719898989.
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are defined as exogenous substances that can alter the development and functioning of the endocrine system. The Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway consisting of proteins that transmit cell-to-cell receptors through cell surface receptors, regulating important aspects of cell migration, polarity, neural formation, and organogenesis, which determines the fate of the cell during embryonic development. Although the effects of EDCs have been studied in terms of many molecular mechanisms; because of its critical role in embryogenesis, the Wnt pathway is of special interest in EDC exposure. This review provides information about the effects of EDC exposure on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway focusing on studies on bisphenol A, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diethylstilbestrol, cadmium, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
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Bosio, Alessio, Stefano Pasini, and Nicola Romeo. "The History of Photovoltaics with Emphasis on CdTe Solar Cells and Modules." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040344.
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Among thin-film photovoltaic technology, cadmium telluride (CdTe) has achieved a truly impressive development that can commercially compete with silicon, which is still the king of the market. Solar cells made on a laboratory scale have reached efficiencies close to 22%, while modules made with fully automated in-line machines show efficiencies above 18%. This success represents the result of over 40 years of research, which led to effective and consolidated production processes. Based on a large literature survey on photovoltaics and on the results of research developed in our laboratories, we present the fabrication processes of both CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and photovoltaic modules. The most common substrates, the constituent layers, their interaction, the interfaces and the different “tricks” necessary to obtain highly efficient devices will be analyzed. A realistic industrial production process will be analytically described. Moreover, environmental aspects, end-of-life recycling and the life cycle assessment of CdTe-based modules will be deepened and discussed.
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Vladimir Zaichick and Sinclair Wynchank. "A systematic review of the cadmium content of the normal human prostate gland." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0162.
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There is much lack of knowledge concerning most prostatic malfunction, especially the reasons and detailed nature of its pathologies. In spite of advances in medical science, the differential diagnosis of prostatic pathologies has steadily increased in complexity and controversy. A proposal has been made that prostatic cadmium (Cd) content determinations may aid in resolving these issues for prostate disorders and especially as an indicator of its carcinoma risk. As a result many measurements of normal prostatic Cd have been made. Here we analyze data published concerning Cd prostatic levels in healthy subjects. In all 1889 items in the literature of the years dating back to 1921 were identified in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ELSEVIER-EMBASE. This data was subject to an analysis employing both the “range” and “median” of means. From the papers examined, 36 were selected for the objective analysis of data from their 1215 healthy patients. On a wet mass basis their prostatic Cd levels spanned the interval from 0.012 mg/kg to <0.76 mg/kg with 0.138 mg/kg as the median of their means. It is accepted that the prostatic Cd content is contingent on a wide variety of aspects of the host’s milieu, including androgen levels, presence or absence of tobacco use, Cd content of food and drink, age, environmental levels of Cd and the method of analysis. The data encompassed a wide range of values and the sample was small, hence it is advisable that further studies be performed.
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Choudhary, Sana, M. Y. K. Ansari, and Rumana Aslam. "Sequential effects of cadmium on plant growth, biochemical and cyto-physiological aspects, antioxidant activity, and molecular screening of protein by SDS-PAGE inTrigonella." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 94, no. 8 (September 2012): 1557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2012.719292.
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Gabrielides, G. P. "Pollution of the Meditterranean Sea." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (November 1, 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0663.
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The Mediterranean States adopted an action plan for the protection of their common sea from pollution as early as 1975. This comprehensive action plan is not limited to monitoring of marine pollution but includes all aspects relevant to environment and development. It is coordinated from the Athens-based Centre but regional offices also exist being responsible for the implementation of specific programmes. The scientific and technical component of the action plan (the MED POL programme) was the first one to be initiated involving more than 100 Mediterranean research and monitoring institutions. Selected results of the monitoring programme are presented shortly. The following parameters are dealt with: mercury, cadmium, copper and zinc, organohalogen compounds, organotins, organophosphorus compounds, herbicides and fungicides as well as synthetic persistent materials. The results have shown that pollution in the Mediterranean sea is limited to coastal areas where the sources, such as industries and population centres, are found. The north-western Mediterranean has shown higher pollutant concentrations either because of natural sources (case of mercury) or because of the industrial development of the region.
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V., Anantha Rama, Prakash P., and Kiran Kumar B.V. "Impact of Hazardous Industrial Waste on Health and Environment." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 5, no. 1 (July 25, 2006): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.8.5.
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From the days of primitive society, human and animals have used the resource of the earth to support life and to dispose waste. Rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development are seriously degrading the urban and semi-urban environment in many of the developing countries placing enormous strain on natural resources and undermining efficient and sustainable development. Industrial operations lead to considerable generation of hazardous waste and in rapidly industrializing countries such as India the contribution to hazardous waste from industries are largest. Hazardous waste genarations from industries is also critical due to their large geophysical spread in the country, leading to regionwide impacts. Due to liberalization policy the pace of industrialization has been accelerated, which has resulted in increasing amount of hazardous waste every year. This long with a growing amount of municipal solid waste due to rapid urbanization and inadequate policy and technological measures continues to remain a daunting issue of environmental concern to India. In this scenario the present paper discusses various aspects of hazardous industrial waste like its origin, distribution and environmental and health hazards. Hazardous waste from industrial sectors contains heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive materials and other chemicals, which are toxic, flammable, reactive, corrosive, or have explosive properties. Normally Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Boron etc are found in pulverized fly ash. Cement industries emit huge quality of fluoride into the environment. Large quantity of mercury emitted from caustic soda industries using mercury electrodes, from chemical industries, paper and pulp industries etc. Tin mines emit tin in the vicinity of the mines. The metals such as Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Arsenic etc, if present in the body, are hazardous to the health. Presence of fluoride within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 ppm is very essential in water for health, if present in excess leads to Florosis. Fouride may cause harm not only through water but also through air by way of respiration and soil. In river estuaries, the concentration of metal traces will reach to a high degrees of contamination because of stagnant water, when industrial effluents are fed into rivers and streams. This paper throws light upon many more such factors and also suggest measures to control and manage hazardous waste.
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Izydorczyk, Grzegorz, Katarzyna Mikula, Dawid Skrzypczak, Krzystof Trzaska, Konstantinos Moustakas, Anna Witek-Krowiak, and Katarzyna Chojnacka. "Agricultural and non-agricultural directions of bio-based sewage sludge valorization by chemical conditioning." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 35 (July 19, 2021): 47725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15293-4.
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AbstractThis literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of waste sludge protein hydrolysates obtained by chemical sludge conditioning was reported. The discussed areas include acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, lime conditioning, polyelectrolyte dewatering and other supporting techniques such as ultrasounds, microwave or thermal methods. The legislative aspects related to the indication of the development method and admission to various applications based on specified criteria were discussed. Particular attention was devoted to the legally regulated content of toxic elements: cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, chromium and microelements that may be toxic: copper and zinc. Various methods of extracting valuable proteins from sewage sludge have been proposed: chemical, physical and enzymatic. While developing the process concept, you need to consider extraction efficiency (time, temperature, humidity, pH), drainage efficiency of post-extraction residues and directions of their management. The final process optimization is crucial. Despite the development of assumptions for various technologies, excess sewage sludge remains a big problem for sewage treatment plants. The high costs of enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic methods and the need for a neutralizing agent in acid solubilization limit the rapid implementation of these processes in industrial practice. Graphical abstract
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Outa, James Omondi, Chrispin O. Kowenje, Christof Plessl, and Franz Jirsa. "Distribution of arsenic, silver, cadmium, lead and other trace elements in water, sediment and macrophytes in the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria: spatial, temporal and bioindicative aspects." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 1485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06525-9.
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AbstractThis is the first detailed report on the distribution of Ni, As, Sr and Ag in water, sediments and macrophytes from Lake Victoria, complemented with recent data on the heavy metals Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. The study was conducted over an 11-month period at five sites in the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria: four sites in the Winam Gulf influenced by various anthropogenic pressures including a site near Kisumu City, and one in the main lake, perceived to have lesser direct anthropogenic influence. Compared with the main lake site, the water in Winam Gulf had significantly higher values for electrical conductivity and concentrations of dissolved components: organic carbon and bound nitrogen, as well as major and most trace elements. This contamination is also evident in surface sediments, which contained significantly higher levels of Cr, Zn, As, Ag, Cd and Pb compared with the main lake site. The mean levels of Cr, Cu, Zn, Ag and Pb exceeded probable effect levels at least at one of the gulf sites. The sediments at the Kisumu City site were classified as severely polluted with Cu (up to 259 mg/kg dw) and Pb (up to 1188 mg/kg dw). The sediment cores showed significantly higher levels of Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd and Pb in the surface (0–3 cm) versus subsurface (22–25 cm) layer at the Kisumu City site, indicating increasing pollution by these elements within the last 15 years. This is also the first report on trace elements in the emergent water plant Vossia cuspidata and submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum from this lake. Even though the accumulation of most elements is comparable between C. demersum (whole plant) and V. cuspidata roots, the latter shows a better bioindicative potential. Contamination of the gulf with Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd and Pb is well mirrored in V. cuspidata roots. V. cuspidata strongly restricts the acropetal transport of trace elements, and hence using the shoots as fodder does not pose a risk to livestock.
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Zhang, Li, Zheng Yang, Min Peng, and Xiaomeng Cheng. "Contamination Levels and the Ecological and Human Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soil of Baoshan Area, Southwest China." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031693.
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The primary goals of this study were to reveal the environmental status of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their ecological risks, as well as their associated health risks in the Baoshan area, southwest China, which has been surveyed with the scale of 1:250,000 geochemical mapping. Based on a comparison of the PTE concentrations with the soil environmental quality of China and the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and potential ecological risk indexes (Eri and PERI), as well as the potential non-carcinogenic hazard indices (HI and CHI) and carcinogenic risks indices (TCR and CTCR), the following conclusions were drawn: The PTE concentrations in the surface soil samples that were collected from the investigated area (1.65% sites) exceeded the risk intervention values (RIV) for soil contamination of agricultural land of China. Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) posed higher ecological risks than other PTEs (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)), which was highlighted by their toxic response factor. Arsenic was the main PTE with a non-carcinogenic risk (19.57% sites for children and 0.25% sites for adults) and the only PTE that carries a carcinogenic risk (2.67% sites for Children and 0.76% sites for adults) to humans in the research area. Children are more vulnerable to health risks when compared to adults because of their behavioral and physiological traits. Geological genesis was responsible for the high concentrations, ecological risk, and health risk distribution patterns of the examined PTEs. Even though the present research highlights several important aspects related to PTE pollution in the research area, further investigations are needed, especially in mining areas.
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Ganguli, A. K., G. B. Kunde, W. Raza, Sandeep Kumar, and Priyanka Yadav. "Assessment of Performance of Photocatalytic Nanostructured Materials with Varied Morphology Based on Reaction Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 7778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227778.
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Synthesis of nanomaterials with specific morphology is an essential aspect for the optimisation of its properties and applications. The application of nanomaterials is being discussed in a wide range of areas, one of which is directly relevant to the environment through photocatalysis. To produce an effective photocatalyst for environmental applications, morphology plays an important role as it affects the surface area, interfaces, crystal facets and active sites, which ultimately affects efficiency. The method of synthesis and synthesis temperature can be the basic considerations for the evaluation of a particular nanomaterial. In this study, we have considered the aspects of morphology with a basic understanding and analyzed them in terms of nanomaterial efficacy in photocatalysis. Different morphologies of specific nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver phosphate, cadmium sulphide and zinc titanate have been discussed to come to reasonable conclusions. Morphologies such as nanorods, nanoflower, nanospindles, nanosheets, nanospheres and nanoparticles were compared within and outside the domain of given nanomaterials. The different synthesis strategies adopted for a specific morphology have been compared with the photocatalytic performance. It has been observed that nanomaterials with similar band gaps show different performances, which can be linked with the reaction conditions and their nanomorphology as well. Materials with similar morphological structures show different photocatalytic performances. TiO2 nanorods appear to have the best features of efficient photocatalyst, while the nanoflowers show very low efficiency. For CdS, the nanoflower is the best morphology for photocatalysis. It appears that high surface area is the key apart from the morphology, which controls the efficiency. The overall understanding by analyzing all the available information has enumerated a path to select an effective photocatalyst amongst the several nanomaterials available. Such an analysis and comparison is unique and has provided a handle to select the effective morphology of nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications.
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Fatima, Mehreen, Anadil Noel, Zeeshan Abdullah, Kainat Bibi, Shumaila Yousaf, Muhammad Nouman Aziz, Muhammad Farhan Zafar Chaudhry, et al. "Therapeutic and Diagnostic Analysis of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots Conjugated with Cysteine, Anticancer Drug and Folate." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169408.
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Background: Nanotechnology is evolving in the field of cancer drug design and cancer therapy. The ultrafine nanoparticles that have a size range of 1-10nm are called Quantum Dots. The ability to fluorescence has deemed quantum dots as suitable candidate for diagnostic imaging. Upon proper structural arrangement these quantum dots can be engineered to detect specifically cancer cells and deliver anticancer agents to the targeted site for cancer cell apoptosis. Aim: Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles conjugated with cysteine were prepared by wet method under high temperature and pressure Methods: Folic acid receptor has shown overexpression in multiple types of cancers therefore the binding of folate to the composite ensures that only the cancer cells are targeted and normal cells remain unaffected. HeLa cells were opted to check the composite activity. Results: Composite showed 23% cell death in the first 2 hours of delivery. FTIR analysis confirmed conjugation of CdS with cysteine and further conjugation of dacarbazine and folate to cysteine. The molecules of folic acid attached to cysteine could be measured to be 2.545× 1018 molecules which were attached to 0.996× 〖10〗^22 molecules of cysteine that were attached 1.66 x〖 10〗^(20 ) molecules of CdS. Similarly, 2.3103 × 1019 of doxorubicin were attached to 0.996× 〖10〗^22 molecules of of cysteine attached to 1.66 x〖 10〗^(20 ) molecules of CdS. Furthermore, the cytotoxic nature of Cadmium Sulfide also gives an advantage two way cancer cell death. Conclusion: Quantum dots attached to specific ligands that bind to cancer antigens, antibodies, proteins, Receptors etc. can be used for effective diagnosis of cancer. They can act as probe and detect thousands of molecules simultaneously by using only a small quantity of nanoComposite. Keywords: Cadmium sulfide, Cancer, Quantum dots, Dacarbazine
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Kotelevych, V. A. "Veterinary and sanitary assessment of quality and safety of meat and meat products in the marshes of LLC “Riton” Vinnytsa." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 88 (September 8, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8804.
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The purpose of our research was to study the environmental aspects of the quality and safety of meat and meat products in the conditions of Ltd “Ryton” Vinnytsya and the measures applied in this subsidiary for the observance of proper hygienic and production practices (GHP/GMP) in their production as a guarantor of environmental security. The results of the veterinary and sanitary estimation of meat and meat products are reported according to the data of the reporting documentation of Ltd Ryton Vinnytsia (2015–2017), expert opinions of the Vinnytsia Regional State Veterinary Laboratory and Khmelnytsky Interdistrict State Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine (2018) on indicators security. The main cause of detoxification of byproducts was invasive and non-contagious diseases, in particular: liver – cirrhosis, fasciolysis and abscesses; kidneys – jade heart – traumatic pericarditis; udder – mastitis, lungs – pneumonia, pleurisy, aspiration with food and blood. According to safety indicators, there is a lack of pesticides (the mass fraction of HCCh gamma-isomer, DDT and its metabolites, DDVF, chlorophos, metaphys, carbophos, basidins), toxic elements (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc), mycotoxins, antibiotics; Radiological and microbiological parameters in meat and meat samples were also within regulatory requirements and safe for consumption. The introduction of proper hygienic and production practices allowed Vinnitsa LLC to complete the certification process under the international program FSSC 22000 “Food Safety Management” and obtain the Certificates The HACCP Management System of CCM MS Standart HACCP and ISO 22000: 2007 Food Safety Management Systems, Requirements for any Organisation in the Food Chain. The performed researches prove the theoretical and practical justification of the necessity of monitoring research on the quality and safety of livestock products, the observance of proper hygienic and production practices (GHP/GMP) taking into account the international program FSSC 22000 “Food Safety Management”, – the need to strengthen preventive measures by doctors of veterinary medicine invasive and non-contagious diseases of cattle.
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Zaitseva, N. V., Irina V. May, S. V. Klein, S. S. Khankharev, and A. A. Boloshinova. "SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE EVIDENTIAL BASE OF HAZARD TO HEALTH IN THE POPULATION IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF WASTE FROM THE PAST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 11 (March 27, 2019): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1038-1044.
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There are described an algorithm and methods for collecting the evidential base for causing hazard to the health of the population of Zakamensk (the Republic of Buryatia) in the zone of influence of the waste of the past activities of the Dzhidinsky tungsten-molybdenum combine. The source of danger is lying sands, containing a complex of toxic heavy metals - lead, cadmium, manganese, nickel, chromium, etc. The algorithm for the formation of the evidential base included: a general analysis of the sanitary and hygienic situation; assessment in the dynamics of the quality of atmospheric air, drinking water, soil, food; assessment of the risk to the health of the population; epidemiological studies; in-depth clinical surveys of a representative group of city residents (280 people). In the blood of the examinees, heavy metals were identified as biological markers of the exposure. There was evaluated a complex of the response (effect) adequate to effects of laboratory markers. By methods of mathematical statistics there was established the presence of reliable relationships in the system “source of hazard - the quality of the environment - exposure to risk factors - health status.” The hazard to the health of a citizen, due to the negative impact of the factor, was considered to be proven if it was possible to build a continuous step-by-step logical chain of relationships between the source of the harmful effect, the quality of the habitat and the establishment of the fact of the disease. The quality of the habitat of the population of Zakamensk was shown to give rise in unacceptable risks to the health of residents. The main influencing factor is the pollution of atmospheric air, local food products and drinking water from public and private wells. Risks are realized in terms of a level of the primary morbidity rate of the population of the respiratory diseases, endocrine system, digestive organs that is relatively high compared to the matched area. The relationship between health hazard and environmental factors has been fully proved in 14% of the surveyed persons. At the same time, the territory was shown not be characterized as a zone of “ecological disaster” or “an emergency environmental situation”.
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Awalia Azizah Widyastuti, Imam Thohari, and Pratiwi Hermiyanti. "IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT PADA PRODUK TEMPE DI INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA DESA KALORAN, KECAMATAN NGRONGGOT, KABUPATEN NGANJUK." Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan 20, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36568/gelinkes.v20i2.13.
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Food products produced and distributed in Indonesia must meet food safety requirements and the maximum threshold for contamination of heavy metals in food. It is necessary to pay attention so as to produce food products that are safe and feasible to be consumed. Household Industry that is often found one of them is soybean tempeh. Aspects of hygiene and sanitation in production activities should be considered because it can allow the contamination of heavy metals that enter the tempeh products through the production process and equipment used. The purpose of the study was to identify heavy metal contamination in tempeh products in kaloran village household industry in Ngronggot subdistrict of Nganjuk regency in 2021.
This type of research is descriptive with a cross sectional approach. Using purpusive sampling method with the reason in the household industry has given permission to conduct research and according to the criteria of research conducted, namely the results of tempeh products packaged using plastic. Variables studied: equipment, packaging and labels, as well as soybean tempeh products to be inspected heavy metals Cd, and Pb. Data collection conducted observations, interviews and laboratory examinations.
The results showed that the equipment used in production is not eligible, namely 75% equipment material, 50% layout and no supervision. 100% packaging selection using plastic packaging. The contamination of heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in tempeh is still below the threshold (SNI).
The conclusion of the results of the study shows that the content of heavy metals in the household industry tempeh in the category of eligible. However, it is advisable for industry owners to pay attention to the cleanliness of equipment and the selection of safe packaging for food.
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Al-Abdulla, Ruba, Hilda Ferrero, Talía Boronat-Belda, Sergi Soriano, Iván Quesada, and Paloma Alonso-Magdalena. "Exploring the Effects of Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Pancreatic α-Cell Viability, Gene Expression and Function: A Screening Testing Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021044.
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Humans are constantly exposed to many environmental pollutants, some of which have been largely acknowledged as key factors in the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. These chemicals have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and, more recently, since they can interfere with metabolic functions, they have been renamed as metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). MDCs are present in many consumer products, including food packaging, personal care products, plastic bottles and containers, and detergents. The scientific literature has ever-increasingly focused on insulin-releasing pancreatic β-cells as one of the main targets for MDCs. Evidence highlights that these substances may disrupt glucose homeostasis by altering pancreatic β-cell physiology. However, their potential impact on glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cells remains poorly known despite the essential role that this cellular type plays in controlling glucose metabolism. In the present study, we have selected seven paradigmatic MDCs representing major toxic classes, including bisphenols, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, metals, and pesticides. By using an in vitro cell-based model, the pancreatic α-cell line αTC1-9, we have explored the effects of these compounds on pancreatic α-cell viability, gene expression, and secretion. We found that cell viability was moderately affected after bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-F (BPF), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure, although cytotoxicity was relatively low. In addition, all bisphenols, as well as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), promoted a marked decreased on glucagon secretion, together with changes in the expression of glucagon and/or transcription factors involved in cell function and identity, such as Foxo1 and Arx. Overall, our results indicated that most of the selected chemicals studied caused functional alterations in pancreatic α-cells. Moreover, we revealed, for the first time, their direct effects on key molecular aspects of pancreatic α-cell biology.
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Ivanko, I. A., and A. F. Kulik. "Assessment of adaptive capacity of native and adventive species of trees and shrubs in Dnipro region." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 50 (November 4, 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/442102.
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Nowadays, deterioration and loss of ecological functions of urban tree and shrub plantations take place in Europe and, in particular, in Ukraine; it was noted that their number is insufficient to counteract the negative impact of global climate change and protect the population against industrial pollution effects. The issue of resistance of native and adventitious tree species used in the plantations of industrial cities remains relevant; it necessitates the assessment of physiological and biochemical aspects of their adaptation to extreme environmental factors, such as moisture limit in the steppe zone, periodic dangerously low winter temperatures and anthropo-technogenic load (in large urban agglomerations). In order to optimize the assortment of tree species of large megalopolises of the steppe zone of Ukraine and determine their potential resistance to anthropogenic pressures the study was conducted in conditionally clean forest biogeocenoses of the Samara River levee zone and in artificial plantations on the territories located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro River within 1500 m from the Prydneprovskaya thermal electric station (PTES, Dnipro city). It well known that the TPP is the source of atmospheric air pollution by such heavy metals as lead and cadmium. A study of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in leaves of native and adventive tree species showed that in the zone of Prydneprovskaya TES impact there was an increase of guaiacol peroxidase activity in Acer platanoides, Ulmus minor, Morus alba; benzidine peroxidase in Acer negundo, Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides; catalase in A. platanoides, A. negundo, U. laevis, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoasasia. High peroxidase activity, which is complemented by higher catalase activity, indicates the relative resistance of these species to atropo-technogenic pressures supported by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Total chlorophyll content (Chla + Chlb) in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides and adventive Morus alba decreased in the zone of TPP impact in relation to conditionally clean areas. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in contaminated areas significantly increased in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Acer platanoides compared with control. The invasive species Acer negundo, Morus alba, Ulmus pumila had no significant changes in this indicator. In invasive species such as Ulmus pumila, Acer negundo there was an increase in leaf mass, which may indicate adaptation of these species to anthropogenically altered growth conditions.
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Perumal, R., S. Thanikaikarasan, M. Saravannan, R. Kanimozhi, and S. Sudharthini. "Influence of Halogens on the Growth Aspects of Allylthiourea Cadmium Complex Nonlinear Optical Single Crystals." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 25, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v25i2.a04.
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Allylthiourea complex crystals is an organometallic complex, a new nonlinear optical materials with high second harmonic generation effect. Tri-allylthiourea cadmium chloride and Tri-allylthiourea cadmium bromide are the promising nonlinear optical crystals belonging to this family. Both the crystals have been grown from an aqueous solution by slow cooling technique. The solubility and growth optimization of the grown crystals in terms of pH were analyzed and the influence of the different halogen atoms on the properties of as grown single crystals was studied by conducting various characterization techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that both the crystals are trigonal crystal structure with R3C space group. The spectroscopic properties were investigated by recording the Fourier Transform Infra Red and UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy. Spectrocopic study confirmed the coordination of metal and red shift of the grown crystal. Nonlinear behavior of the as grown crystals was identified by Kurtz powder technique. Thermal and electrical properties of the as grown crystals were also analyzed by thermogravimetric and dielectric studies. Influence of the halogens on the growth as well as the properties were studied.
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Verbrugge, Mark W., and Charles W. Tobias. "Some Experimental Aspects of the Cadmium‐Tellurium Electrochemical Codeposition Process." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 134, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 3104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2100349.
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Walzel, E. "S. Dobson: Cadmium-Environmental Aspekts. Environmental Health Criteria 135. 156 Seiten, 4 Abb. World Health Organization, Geneva 1992. Preis: 19,— Sw.fr.; 17,10 US $." Food / Nahrung 38, no. 4 (1994): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19940380435.
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Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano, and Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório. "Fundamental aspects of recycling of nickel–cadmium batteries through vacuum distillation." Journal of Power Sources 135, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.082.
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Yamina, Benmalek, Benayad Tahar, and Fardeau Marie Laure. "Isolation and screening of heavy metal resistant bacteria from wastewater: a study of heavy metal co-resistance and antibiotics resistance." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 10 (November 1, 2012): 2041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.355.
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The uncontrolled discharges of wastes containing a large quantity of heavy metal create huge economical and healthcare burdens particularly for people living near that area. However, the bioremediation of metal pollutants from wastewater using metal-resistant bacteria is a very important aspect of environmental biotechnology. In this study, 13 heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from the wastewater of wadi El Harrach in the east of Algiers and characterized. These include zinc-, lead-, chromium- and cadmium-resistant bacteria. The metal-resistant isolates characterized include both Gram-negative (77%) and Gram-positive (23%) bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of wastewater isolates against the four heavy metals was determined in solid media and ranged from 100 to 1,500 μg/ml. All the isolates showed co-resistance to other heavy metals and antibiotic resistance of which 15% were resistant to one antibiotic and 85% were multi- and bi-antibiotics resistant. The zinc-resistant species Micrococcus luteus was the much more heavy metal resistant. The results of toxicity tests on Vibrio fischeri showed that the DI50 (5 min) as low as 0.1 carried away luminescence inhibition greater than 50%.
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Wilczek, Grażyna, Jagna Karcz, Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska, Andrzej Kędziorski, Piotr Wilczek, Magdalena Skowronek, Kamila Wiśniewska, Florentyna Kaszuba, and Kinga Surmiak. "Evaluation of selected biological properties of the hunting web spider (Steatoda grossa, Theridiidae) in the aspect of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium." Science of The Total Environment 656 (March 2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.374.
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Haidash, Sоfiia, and Viktor Kostenko. "PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION OF MINING ENTERPRISES AND THEIR CLEANING FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS." Journal of “Problems of Ecology”, no. 1 (2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-8102-2021-1-32-38.
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Introduction. In the process of coal mining and beneficiation, a large amount of wastewater is formed at enterprises. Sewage has a variety of origins, which can be classified into: natural (mine, quarry, drainage); technological (water for carrying out technological process, water for cooling of cars and devices); surface (water from rain, snow and maintenance of the enterprise); household (water is formed from showers, bathrooms, dining rooms). Wastewater from mines and factories is highly polluted and can have toxic effects on the environment. Problem Statement. Natural waters have a high rate of mineralization, salts of heavy metals, iron. Waters are polluted with organic matter, large and small particles of coal and rock. Surface and process effluents are contaminated with coal dust and petroleum products. Domestic waters are contaminated with surfactants, fats, animal and plant food residues, alkali, cadmium, nickel. Purpose. The aim is to study in detail the sources of pollution of mine effluents, to determine their composition and properties. Identify the seasonality of sources. Describe the method of water treatment and suggest possible improvements to existing technology. Materials and methods. The water must undergo some purification before it enters the environment. One of the main processes of wastewater treatment is filtration. This process is the most common and effective, so it should be part of the cleaning technology. The filter element can be a thin partition with pores or three-dimensional elements with a porous filler. This paper presents a technology with a granular filter, also called fast. The fast filter works on the principle of volume filtration, impurities are retained in the entire volume of the filter medium, in the pores and on the surface of the grains. Before filtration, the water is treated with coagulants. Types of granular materials: quartz sand, anthracite, expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, ceramic sand, mesoporous coal. Mesoporous coal is a promising material for filtration. Results. In the result of consideration of the composition and properties of wastewater, the appropriate technological scheme of mine wastewater treatment is selected and described. The technology provides purification from large impurities in open hydrocyclones, water treatment with flocculant, provides a filter and clarifier, enhanced purification from petroleum products in the oil trap and carbon filter. Filling the filter is sent to the coal warehouse, which is a cost-effective solution. Conclusions. The effluents of mining enterprises are saturated with pollutants and have a very aggressive composition, so it is unacceptable to release them into the environment without prior lighting. Should attention be paid to the purification of petroleum products that fall into the water as a result of the operation of machines and devices. As one of the possible methods, the technological scheme, improved by the department with oil trap and filter, is presented. Filter backfill is mesoporous coal, which is a very promising sorbent. Water treated with this technology can be used for recirculating water supply. This is justified not only by the economic aspect, but also by the environmental one. Keywords: mine drains, mining, pollution, petroleum products, filtration, technological scheme.
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Ghifari, Farhan, Adi Santoso, and Jusup Suprijanto. "Potensi Risiko Kesehatan Manusia Akibat Konsumsi Perna viridis yang Mengandung Kadmium." Journal of Marine Research 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i1.32338.
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Tambak Lorok merupakan salah satu Kawasan yang padat penduduk dan terdapat banyak aktivitas seperti industri, Pelabuhan dan menjadi pusat penjualan hasil laut dengan adanya TPI Tambak Lorok. Limbah hasil kegiatan industri, Pelabuhan dan rumah tangga diduga menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran logam berat kadmium (Cd) di perairan dan mempengaruhi biota laut seperti kerang hijau ( Perna viridis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat Cd pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) serta mengetahui potensi risiko Kesehatan yang timbul apabila mengkonsumsi kerang hijau (Perna viridis) tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2020, Januari 2021, dan Maret 2021 dengan metode deskriptif. Analisis kandungan logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada air, sedimen dan kerang hijau dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro dengan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Hasil analisis kandungan logam berat pada air berkisar <0,001-0,696 mg/L, sedimen <0,001-1,931 mg/kg, dan jaringan lunak kerang hijau (Perna viridis) 0,070-1,693 mg/kg. Berdasarkan perhitungan Estimasi Asupan Harian (EDI) untuk laki-laki dewasa menunjukkan nilai berkisar 0,000026-0,000626 mg/kg/hari dan pada perempuan dewasa berkisar 0,000035-0,000835 mg/kg/hari. Sedangkan nilai tingkat risiko (THQ) untuk laki-laki dewasa menunjukkan nilai berkisar 0,026-0,626. Dan untuk perempuan berkisar 0,035-0,835. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa di perairan Tambaklorok Semarang di air, sedimen dan jaringan lunak kerang hijau sudah terindikasi tercemar logam berat Cd. Kewaspadaan mengkonsumsi kerang hijau perlu dilakukan meskipun dari aspek kesehatan berdasarkan perhitungan EDI dan THQ masih aman dan belum menunjukkan tingkat bahanya. Tambak Lorok Semarang is one of the densely populated areas. There are many activities such as industry, ports, and becoming a center for selling marine products with the Tambak Lorok TPI. The waste resulted is suspected of causing heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution in the waters and affecting marine biota such as green mussels (Perna viridis). This study aimed to determine the content of Cd in water, sediment, and green mussels (Perna viridis) and to determine the potential health risks that arise when consuming the mussels. The field study occurred in December 2020, January 2021, and March 2021 with a descriptive method. Analysis of the Cd content was conducted at the Environmental Engineering Laboratory Diponegoro University by the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) method. The results of the heavy metal content in water, sediment, and mussels' soft tissue respectively ranged from <0.001-0.696 mg/L, <0.001-1.931 mg/kg, and 0.070-1.693 mg/kg. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for adult males' values ranged from 0.000026-0.000626 mg/kg/day, and for adult females from 0.000035-0.000835 mg/kg/day. While the value of the risk level (THQ) for adult males showed a value ranging from 0.026-0.626. And for females, it ranged from 0.035 to 0.835. It showed that Cd contaminated the water, the sediment, and soft tissue of green mussels in Tambaklorok Waters. Even though a health aspect is still safe and has not shown the danger, people have to be precaution in consuming the mussels.