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Journal articles on the topic 'Cadmium distribution'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lichner, Ľ., and A. Čipáková. "Cadmium distribution coefficeints and Cd transport in structured soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 3 (December 11, 2011): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4206-pse.

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In the case of cadmium transport via soil macropores, the short-term duration of an interaction between the reactive solute in aqueous phase and soil, as well as cadmium precipitation or adsorption on particles < 10–5 m should be taken into account. Two distribution coefficients are proposed for predicting the cadmium transport in a structured soil: the matrix distribution coefficient Kdm, equal to the equilibrium distribution coefficient Kdeq and estimated using the conventional batch technique, and the macropore distribution coefficient KdM, estimated using the modified batch technique. It was found that the conventional approach (using the coefficient Kdeq only) would underestimate a penetration of the part of Cd transported in the macropores about 255-times in the loamy-sand soil in Kalinkovo, 20-times in the loam soil in Macov, and 122-times in the clay soil in Jurová in comparison with the approach proposed in this study.

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2

Song, Xue Ying, Xiao Jun Hu, Cai Xia Jin, Ji Song Yang, Hong Liang Chen, Yong Xia Hou, and Yu Shuang Li. "Cadmium Migration and Distribution Process." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1873.

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The significant pollution accidents which not only threaten public health and public property safety, but also bring major disaster, have become the world concerning environmental problems. The migration process and feature of CdCl2 in the vertical and horizontal profiles of soil were studied by the stimulating experiment to present the theory for the treatment of significant pollution accident. The column leaching device was taken to simulate the vertical and horizontal migration of CdCl2 in the soil profile under two-phase rainfall during 16 days. The portable manual control negative pressure pump was taken to extract soil solution sample and the CdCl2 concentration was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that during the whole experiment, the obvious horizontal and vertical migration features of CdCl2 appeared. The CdCl2 covered the whole horizontal profile in 0.5 h and the whole vertical profile in 146 hours. The relative variation rate of CdCl2 in the different depth of bulk showed that the rapid passing time differed in the different depths. The simulating device used in this paper could well investigate the vertical and horizontal distribution and migration of contaminant. Under the condition of greater rainfall, the CdCl2 gave priority to the horizontal runoff in the surface soil, followed by the vertical migration.

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3

QH, Zhu, Huang DY, Liu SL, Luo ZC, Rao ZX, Cao XL, and Ren XF. "Accumulation and subcellular distribution of cadmium in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) planted on elevated soil cadmium contents." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 2 (January 15, 2013): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/439/2012-pse.

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The tolerance, accumulation and subcellular distribution characteristics of cadmium (Cd) in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) were investigated using a 2-year field experiment. The results indicated that ramie has a certain extent of tolerance to soil Cd (≤ 20 mg/kg) contamination with no significant decrease in shoot biomass and fibre yield relative to control conditions. Although ramie did not hyperaccumulate Cd, it accumulated considerable amount of Cd in the aboveground parts (approximately 0.19 to 1.09 kg/ha annually). The Cd contents retained in ramie tissues were found in order of roots > stems > leaves. Further, regarding the subcellular distribution of Cd in ramie tissues, 80% of the total Cd was bound to the cell walls of the roots and stems, whereas in leaves the proportion of Cd stored in the cell wall fraction was around 60% and a lesser amount of Cd was stored in the soluble fraction (24.1–25.5%). Our collective results indicated that ramie adapts to Cd stress via the store of a large amount of Cd in cell walls, and suggested potential usefulness of ramie in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated farmlands.

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4

Cai, Zhuo, Xiao Liang He, Deng Feng Lu, Xia Lin Qiu, and Wei Chao Yue. "Distribution of Cadmium in Aloe Vera and its Hazard Impact on the Antioxidant Activity." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.306.

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The variation of antioxidant activity of aloe vera under the stress of cadmium with different concentration was studied. The scavenging capacity of potted aloe vera to •OH and O2- • was determined and the effects of cadmium pollution on the antioxidant activity of aloe vera were evaluated using flow injection chemiluminescence methods.The results showed that, at low cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera increased with the increase of cadmium content in aloe vera body; while at high cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera decreased with the increase of cadmium content. This indicated that low cadmium could stimulate the self-protection system of aloe vera, resulting in a increase in the antioxidant activity. high cadmium would damage aloe self-defendend system, leading to the decrease in antioxidant activity.

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5

KUDO, Isao, and Katsuhiko MATSUNAGA. "Distribution of cadmium in Lake Tohya." Japanese Journal of Limnology (Rikusuigaku Zasshi) 47, no. 4 (1986): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.47.351.

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6

Perkkiö, S., S. Manninen, and T. Paakkari. "Electron momentum distribution in cadmium sulfide." Physical Review B 40, no. 12 (October 15, 1989): 8446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.8446.

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7

Fazlieva, Anna S., Elza N. Usmanova, Rustem A. Daukaev, Denis O. Karimov, Yana V. Valova, Denis A. Smolyankin, and Samat S. Baygildin. "Cadmium distribution and metallothionein expression in rat organs following acute intoxication." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 9 (October 20, 2020): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-1011-1015.

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Introduction. This article presents the results of experimental simulation of the acute toxic effect of cadmium on the rat organism, its distribution in the liver, and kidneys. Activation of the protective mechanism against toxic metal through the metallothionein protein has to reduce the bioavailability of free cadmium. Material and methods. The study was conducted on rats weighing 140-190 g, which was once intragastrically injected with cadmium chloride in an amount of 1/20 LD50. We studied the time intervals: before intoxication, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after inoculation. The accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The expression of the metallothionein gene (МТ1, МТ2А, МТ3) was determined using RT-PCR on RNA isolated from the same organs. Results. Quantitative differences in the metal content in the liver and kidneys are observed 1 hour after intoxication, with a cadmium content of 250 and 125 times higher than in the control groups, respectively. There is an accumulation of cadmium in the liver with a maximum after 6 hours, and then its redistribution to the kidneys. The pronounced expression of metallothionein with a single acute exposure to cadmium is tissue-specific, so the expression of the MT1 and MT2A genes was greatest in the liver and the MT3 gene in the kidneys. Discussion. After administration cadmium is mainly localized in hepatocytes and its concentration may exceed the ability of metallothionein to bind cadmium ions, which leads to histopathological changes in the liver. In response to the intake of metal in the cell, the expression pattern of many genes, including those associated with the activation of protective reactions, changes. Conclusion. Our data show a single exposure to cadmium to lead to an increase in the content of MT transcript in the liver and kidneys, simultaneously with the accumulation of metal in them. The nature of this accumulation depends on the organ, on the time of exposure, and gene expression also on the form of MT.

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8

Linnik, R. M., and I. V. Iskra. "Cadmium in the Dnieper River: distribution, speciation and interaction with organic ligands." River Systems 10, no. 1-4 (September 18, 1996): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/10/1996/559.

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9

MATA, LUIS, M. DOLORES PEREZ, PILAR PUYOL, and MIGUEL CALVO. "Distribution of Added Lead and Cadmium in Human and Bovine Milk." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.3.305.

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Distribution of added lead and cadmium to bovine and human milk and whey has been studied. In bovine milk, about 97 and 89% of lead and cadmium, respectively, were recovered in the casein fraction obtained by enzymatic coagulation. However, only 6% of lead and 41% of cadmium were found in the same fraction separated by acid precipitation, indicating that the distribution of both metals is very different depending on the method used for milk fractionation. Moreover, gel filtration of bovine and human skimmed milk and whey after addition of lead and cadmium was carried out. Most of the lead was associated to the casein fraction after gel filtration of skimmed milk, whereas in the chromatography of whey, lead was eluted with the low molecular weight fraction in both species. However, a different pattern in the distribution of cadmium has been observed in the two species studied. In contrast to the binding of cadmium to the low molecular weight fraction in human skimmed milk and whey, it was mainly associated to a component of a molecular weight around 70,000 in bovine skimmed milk. This component was not present in bovine whey indicating that it is separated with casein during fractionation.

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10

Jin, P., and P. L. Bishop. "Cadmium transfer and distribution in a multi-species biofilm and the impact on naphthalene removal." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 7 (October 1, 2005): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0179.

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Biofilm technology is being introduced into bioremediation of contaminated soils and underground water, in the form of biofilm barriers. However, the low availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxicity of the frequently accompanying heavy metals may limit its application. The objective of this study was to investigate the mass transfer and distribution of cadmium (Cd) into the biofilm matrix and the impact caused by it. The influences of pH value, presence of an alternative substrate and increased dissolved oxygen were examined. As the pH value increased, cadmium sorption in the biofilm increased and naphthalene removal decreased. Ten mg/L of cadmium was enough to show a significant impact on biofilm when the pH was above 7.5. The cadmium minimum inhibition capacity was determined to be 5μgCd/mgVS. Acetate, added as an alternative substrate, competed with naphthalene and did not demonstrate the ability to reduce cadmium toxicity. Hydrogen peroxide, added to supplement the dissolved oxygen, accelerated the cadmium uptake/efflux cycle, making the biofilm more vulnerable to cadmium attack. Cadmium was shown to transfer faster than naphthalene into biofilm, and the removal of naphthalene in the presence of cadmium was retarded and reduced.

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11

Peters, Junenette L., Melissa J. Perry, Eileen McNeely, Robert O. Wright, Wendy Heiger-Bernays, and Jennifer Weuve. "The association of cadmium and lead exposures with red cell distribution width." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): e0245173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245173.

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Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW), traditionally an indicator of anemia, has now been recognized as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. Experimental and acute exposure studies suggest that cadmium and lead individually affect red blood cell production; however, associations between environmental exposures and RDW have not been explored. We evaluated relationships of environmental cadmium and lead exposures to RDW. We used data from 24,607 participants aged ≥20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016) with information on blood concentrations of cadmium and lead, RDW and socio-demographic factors. In models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status and serum cotinine, RDW was increasingly elevated across progressively higher quartiles of blood cadmium concentration. A doubling of cadmium concentration was associated with 0.16 higher RDW (95% CI: 0.14, 0.18) and a doubling of lead concentration with 0.04 higher RDW (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06). Also, higher cadmium and lead concentrations were associated with increased odds of high RDW (RDW>14.8%). The associations were more pronounced in women and those with low-to-normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and held even after controlling for iron, folate or vitamin B12 deficiencies. In analysis including both metals, cadmium remained associated with RDW, whereas the corresponding association for lead was substantially attenuated. In this general population sample, blood cadmium and lead exposures were positively associated with RDW. The associations may indicate hemolytic or erythropoietic mechanisms by which exposure increases mortality risk.

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12

Cherian, S., V. Ramachandran, S. Sudhakaran, and H. Nair. "Cadmium uptake and distribution in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 25, no. 1 (2007): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp07006.

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The growth responses and accumulation of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) was studied in tomato plants. Tomato seedlings were raised in sand-culture and watered with nutrient solution containing cadmium (in the form of CdCl2) at doses ranging from 0 to 7.12 mM. At low concentrations, there was no marked growth reduction in terms of fresh and dry mass. However, the highest concentration (7.12 mM) of cadmium depressed growth in terms of fresh and dry mass and caused reduction in chlorophyll content. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Page Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of proteins showed the expression of low molecular weight proteins (~18, ~30 kDa) in Cd-treated plants when compared to control. Among the different plant parts examined for Cd accumulation, the root tissue showed maximum accumulation. The uptake, distribution and possible implications of cadmium tolerance in tomato plants are discussed.

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13

MATA, LUIS, LOURDES SANCHEZ, PILAR PUYOL, and MIGUEL CALVO. "Changes in the Distribution of Cadmium and Lead in Human and Bovine Milk Induced by Heating or Freezing." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.1.46.

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The percentage of cadmium or lead present in the fat fraction of bovine milk is not affected by heating or freezing. In human skimmed milk, cadmium is mainly associated with a fraction with molecular weight lower than 10,000. Storage at −20°C for 10 days does not have any effect on the distribution of cadmium when milk is incubated with this metal before freezing. This treatment causes only a small increase in the amount of cadmium associated with the low molecular weight fraction when the metal is added after freezing. In bovine milk, 64% of cadmium is associated with a fraction with molecular weight above 70,000. Freezing causes a 37% decrease of the cadmium present in this fraction when the metal is added after thawing. When bovine milk was incubated with cadmium before freezing there was not a marked change in its distribution as when added after thawing. Heating at 63°C for 30 min caused a slight decrease in the amount of cadmium present in the casein fraction. The distribution change of cadmium after freezing or heating is probably due to the formation of complexes between the whey proteins and the metal, or to the disaggregation of the cadmium bound to casein micelles. Lead is mainly associated with caseins in bovine and human milk. No significant changes were caused by freezing or heating in the distribution of lead in human and bovine milk.

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14

Lum, Ken R., and Klaus L. E. Kaiser. "Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in the St. Lawrence River: Some Preliminary Results on Their Distribution." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.050.

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Abstract Volatile hydrocarbons (VHC’s) have been measured at many locations in the St. Lawrence River, Several concentrations of VHC’s were higher than those measured at other polluted Great Lakes sites, e.g. the St. Clair River. Tributaries to the St. Lawrence River were found to be significant sources of VHC’s. Cadmium in the St. Lawrence River is mostly found in dissolved (bioavailable) forms as compared to the Mississippi River where dissolved cadmium accounts for about 10% of the total cadmium. The major sources of cadmium appear to be in the Montreal area. Although the analytical results show local impairment in water quality, intensive sampling is required to pinpoint sources and/or quantify loadings, However, none of the VHC or cadmium concentrations exceed water quality guidelines or objectives. In fact there are no guidelines for most VHC’s. Nevertheless, the concentrations of VHC’s and cadmium found should have no toxic effect on aquatic organisms. The results of this study indicate that there are major sources of VHC’s and cadmium in Quebec. For example, inputs on the southwestern portion of Lac St.Louis may be a major source of perchloroethylene, and effluents in the vicinity of the Montreal STP may be a major source of cadmium. U.S. tributaries, e.g. the Grassy River, may also be a significant source of VHC’s.

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15

Huang, Minyi, and Zhaowen Liu. "Cadmium Accumulation and Distribution in Xenopus Laevis after Long-Term Cadmium Treatment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 452 (December 12, 2018): 022159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/452/2/022159.

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16

Wagner, George J., and Ricky Yeargan. "Variation in Cadmium Accumulation Potential and Tissue Distribution of Cadmium in Tobacco." Plant Physiology 82, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.82.1.274.

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17

O'Callaghan, James P., and Diane B. Miller. "Diethyldithiocarbamate increases distribution of cadmium to brain but prevents cadmium-induced neurotoxicity." Brain Research 370, no. 2 (April 1986): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(86)90493-2.

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18

Korcak, R. F. "Cadmium Distribution in Field‐Grown Fruit Trees." Journal of Environmental Quality 18, no. 4 (October 1989): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800040023x.

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19

Nordberg, Gunnar F., Magnus Piscator, and Monica Nordberg. "On the Distribution of Cadmium in Blood." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 30, no. 3-4 (March 13, 2009): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00660.x.

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20

Tandon, S. K., and P. Asokan. "Distribution of Intratracheally Administered Cadmium in Rats." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 49, no. 5 (March 13, 2009): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1981.tb00919.x.

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21

Zurera‐Cosano, G., R. Moreno‐Rojas, and M. A. Amaro‐Lopez. "Cadmium and lead distribution in fresh asparagus." Food Additives and Contaminants 7, no. 3 (May 1990): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039009373903.

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22

Simon, László. "Cadmium accumulation and distribution in sunflower plant." Journal of Plant Nutrition 21, no. 2 (February 1998): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169809365408.

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23

Moreno‐Caselles, J., R. Moral, A. Pérez‐Espinosa, and M. D. Pérez‐Murcia. "Cadmium accumulation and distribution in cucumber plant." Journal of Plant Nutrition 23, no. 2 (February 2000): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160009382011.

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24

Ivanov, S. P., I. I. Buchinskaya, and P. P. Fedorov. "Distribution coefficients of impurities in cadmium fluoride." Inorganic Materials 36, no. 4 (April 2000): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02758088.

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25

Tian, Hui, Zihan Zhu, Haixing Song, and Xiuwen Wu. "Iminodisuccinic Acid Relieved Cadmium Stress in Rapeseed Leaf by Affecting Cadmium Distribution and Cadmium Chelation with Pectin." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (June 13, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7747152.

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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a nutritious vegetable, while cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens the growth, productivity, and food security of rapeseed. By studying the effects of iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), an easily biodegradable and environmental friendly chelating agent, on Cd distribution at the organ and cellular level, we found IDS promoted dry matter accumulation of rapeseed and increased the contents of photosynthetic pigment in leaves. Inhibited root-shoot Cd transport resulted in higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in leaves, which indicated that IDS contributed to alleviating Cd-caused oxidative damage in leaf cells. Additionally, IDS increased Cd subcellular distribution in cell wall (CW), especially in covalently bound pectin (CSP), and relieved Cd toxicity in organelle of leaves. IDS also enhanced demethylation of CSP. The Cd content in CSP, demethylation degree, and pectin methylesterase activity of CSP increased by 37.95%, 13.34%, and 13.16%, respectively, while IDS did not change the contents of different CW components. The improved Cd fixation in leaf CW was mainly attributed to enhance demethylation of covalently bound pectin (CSP) and Cd chelation with CSP.

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26

Chen, C. C., W. T. Chen, S. Y. Wang, and Y. R. Chen. "Induction of Transfer Cells in XYLEM of Zinnia Elegans Treated with Cadmium." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035960.

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Cadmium and zinc are transition elements belonging to group II B in periodical table and they share similar chemical properties. However, their morphological and physiological effects on plants are quite difference. Cadmium not only consequences changes of plant structure at the light and electron microscopic levels, but also results in the induction of phytochelatin synthesis. In the present studies, The distribution of cadmium in different parts of plants was measured and its effects on plant structure were also examined.Three to six-week-old Zinnia elegans were grown Hoagland's solution containing different concentrations of cadmium from one to two weeks. Atomic absorption spectroscopic studies showed that the distribution of cadmium was mainly in root. The accumulation of cadmium in stems was higher than that of in leaves. In leaves, the ability of cadmium accumulation in young leaves was much higher than that of old leaves.

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27

Wright, David A. "Dose-Related Toxicity of Copper and Cadmium in Striped Bass Larvae from the Chesapeake Bay: Field Considerations." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0187.

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Copper and cadmium monitoring in Chesapeake Bay sediments indicates that metal contamination exists in nursery areas for striped bass (Moronesaxatilis), which has been in serious decline over the last 17 years. Whole water metal concentrations in one spawning river were within an order of magnitude of published acutely toxic concentrations. Larval striped bass were exposed in the laboratory to copper and cadmium concentrations which were acutely toxic over a 96h period (24 and 19 µg L−1, respectively), and to sub-lethal concentrations of these metals over a three week period. Larvae from acutely toxic metal treatments, sub-lethal metal concentrations and control tanks were analyzed for cadmium and copper and the frequency distribution of metal body burdens was compared with field data. The distribution of copper concentrations in laboratory-exposed larvae was completely within the range of field specimens, and there was considerable overlap in cadmium frequency distributions from laboratory and field larvae. These results together with other published data suggest that environmental metal concentrations in some spawning tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay may pose a threat to striped bass, and the suggestion is made that greater efforts should be made to link laboratory and field toxicological data.

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28

Sharma, Geeta, Ravindra Nath, and Kiran Dip Gill. "Effect of ethanol on the distribution of cadmium between the cadmium metallothionein- and non-metallothionein-bound cadmium pools in cadmium-exposed rats." Toxicology 72, no. 3 (January 1992): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(92)90177-g.

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29

Pelikh, Valeriya, Elena Salnikova, Alexey Sizentsov, Elena Osipova, and Polina Ponomareva. "PSXI-23 Study of cadmium cumulation in agricultural products taking its geochemical distribution into account." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.640.

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Abstract One of the criteria for agricultural production is its biological safety for human health. The purpose of our study was to reveal a territorial relationship between the cadmium content in non-living objects and agricultural products. Water and soil samples, wheat, and biosubstrates of farm animals from various administrative zones of Orenburg region were used as objects of the study. A total of 525 samples were analyzed. The content of cadmium in the samples was determined by the methods of Inductively Coupled argon Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-AES, ICP-MS). The systemic analysis of cadmium distribution in non-living objects (water and soil) indicates a pronounced relationship between the content of the xenobiotics in geochemical zones with its increased level (maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) are within 0.75) in water 0.001–0.002 mg/kg and soil - 0.104–0.12 mg/kg. The researched zone belongs to areas with developed agriculture in particular plant science with the cultivation of durum wheat. In areas with the cadmium MAC less than 0.5, the concentration of this element in wheat is on average 0.007–0.008 mg/kg. The increase in the cadmium content to 0.75 directly proportionally increases its concentration up to 0.029-0.011 mg/kg. The maximum level of cadmium accumulation is observed in parenchymatous organs: the distribution of elements was 0.25–0.51 mg/kg in the kidneys, 0.25–0.41 mg/kg in the liver and 0.05–0.06 mg/kg in the heart. The content of the studied element in the muscle tissue has relatively low values ranging from 0.005 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg. The studies found a direct correlation between the distribution of the studied element in the food chain, and that a long contact between animals and cadmium leads to its accumulation, increasing the risk of chronic intoxication associated with the lesion of parenchymatous organs.

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30

Yang, Rui, Xi Liang, and Daniel G. Strawn. "Variability in Cadmium Uptake in Common Wheat under Cadmium Stress: Impact of Genetic Variation and Silicon Supplementation." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060848.

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To decrease the transfer of cadmium (Cd) to the food chain, it is essential to select wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm that accumulates the least amount of Cd and to develop management practices that promote a reduction in Cd uptake. This requires knowledge of factors controlling Cd accumulation in wheat plants, which are not fully understood. The aim of this study was thus to investigate variations in Cd accumulation, translocation, and subcellular distribution in response to Cd stress and supplemental Si in two wheat cultivars that have high vs. low Cd accumulation capacities. Cd uptake and distribution in two common wheat cultivars, high-Cd ‘LCS Star’ and low-Cd ‘UI Platinum’ were evaluated at two levels of Cd (0 and 50 µM) and Si (0 and 1.5 mM) in a hydroponic experiment. LCS Star and UI Platinum were not different in root Cd accumulation but differed in Cd concentration in the shoot, which agreed with the variation between the two cultivars in their subcellular Cd distributions in organelle and soluble fractions as well as induced glutathione synthesis in response to Cd addition. Supplemental Si reduced Cd uptake and accumulation and suppressed Cd-induced glutathione synthesis. The differences between the wheat cultivars in Cd accumulation in shoots mainly derive from root-to-shoot translocation, which is related to subcellular Cd distribution and Cd-induced glutathione synthesis. Exogeneous Si could decrease Cd translocation from root to shoot to alleviate Cd toxicity in common wheat.

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31

Dmitruk, N. L., V. A. Zuev, and M. A. Stepanova. "Spectral distribution of the photoconductivity of cadmium diphosphide." Soviet Physics Journal 34, no. 7 (July 1991): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00898000.

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32

Cosio, C. "Distribution of cadmium in leaves of Thlaspi caerulescens." Journal of Experimental Botany 56, no. 412 (January 10, 2005): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri062.

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33

Svartengren, Magnus, Carl Gustaf Elinder, Lars Friberg, and Birger Lind. "Distribution and concentration of cadmium in human kidney." Environmental Research 39, no. 1 (February 1986): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80002-0.

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34

Lindegaard, Peter Michael, Svenn Olfred Hansen, Jens Erik Just Christensen, Bjarne Bøgelund Andersen, and Ole Andersen. "The distribution of cadmium within the human prostate." Biological Trace Element Research 25, no. 2 (May 1990): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02990270.

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35

Lozano-Rodriguez, E., L. E. Hernàndez, P. Bonay, and R. O. Carpena-Ruiz. "Distribution of cadmium in shoot and root tissues1." Journal of Experimental Botany 48, no. 1 (1997): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.123.

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36

Cho, Un-Haing, and Jung-O. Park. "Distribution and phytotoxicity of cadmium in tomato seedlings." Journal of Plant Biology 42, no. 1 (March 1999): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03031146.

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Holm, Peter E., Helle Rootzén, Ole K. Borggaard, Jens Peter Møberg, and Thomas H. Christensen. "Correlation of Cadmium Distribution Coefficients to Soil Characteristics." Journal of Environment Quality 32, no. 1 (2003): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.0138.

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38

Holm, Peter E., Helle Rootzén, Ole K. Borggaard, Jens Peter M⊘berg, and Thomas H. Christensen. "Correlation of Cadmium Distribution Coefficients to Soil Characteristics." Journal of Environmental Quality 32, no. 1 (January 2003): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1380.

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39

Motta, Chiara Maria, Emanuela Califano, Rosaria Scudiero, Bice Avallone, Chiara Fogliano, Salvatore De Bonis, Anja Raggio, and Palma Simoniello. "Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi in Danio rerio." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041927.

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In aquatic organisms, cadmium exposure occurs from ovum to death and the route of absorption is particularly wide, being represented by skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract, through which contaminated water and/or preys are ingested. It is known that cadmium interferes with the gut; however, less information is available on cadmium effects on an important component of the gut, namely goblet cells, specialized in mucus synthesis. In the present work, we studied the effects of two sublethal cadmium concentrations on the gut mucosa of Danio rerio. Particular attention was paid to changes in the distribution of glycan residues, and in metallothionein expression in intestinal cells. The results show that cadmium interferes with gut mucosa and goblet cells features. The effects are dose- and site-dependent, the anterior gut being more markedly affected than the midgut. Cadmium modifies the presence and/or distribution of glycans in the brush border and cytoplasm of enterocytes and in the goblet cells’ cytoplasm and alters the metallothionein expression and localization. The results suggest a significant interference of cadmium with mucosal efficiency, representing a health risk for the organism in direct contact with contamination and indirectly for the trophic chain.

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Wallace, William G., and Glenn R. Lopez. "Relationship between Subcellular Cadmium Distribution in Prey and Cadmium Trophic Transfer to a Predator." Estuaries 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352308.

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41

Chardonnens, Agnes N., Wilma M. Ten Bookum, Lothar D. J. Kuijper, Jos A. C. Verkleij, and Wilfried H. O. Ernst. "Distribution of cadmium in leaves of cadmium tolerant and sensitive ecotypes of Silene vulgaris." Physiologia Plantarum 104, no. 1 (September 1998): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040110.x.

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42

Suzuki, Kiyoshi, Noriaki Mizutani, and Makoto Harada. "Preparation of Cadmium Sulfide Ultrafine Particles with Sharp Size-Distribution Using Cadmium Dioleylphosphate Microemulsion." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 32, no. 1 (1999): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.32.31.

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43

Grąz, Marcin, Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga, and Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka. "Intracellular distribution of cadmium during the growth of Abortiporus biennis on cadmium-amended media." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 8 (August 2015): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0102.

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Heavy metals are difficult to remediate and traditional remedial processes are expensive, so bioremediation technology using bacteria, fungi, or plants is of interest. Many studies have demonstrated that basidiomycetes fungi are able to growth under heavy metals stress. In this study the distribution of cadmium (Cd) in Abortiporus biennis cells was studied. Cd accumulated especially within cytoplasm and its presence caused changes in the cytoplasm appearance, which became denser in comparison to the cytoplasm of control cells. Vacuolization of cytoplasm and periplasmic region in A. biennis cells was also observed. The growth rate of A. biennis was inhibited up to 75% during the growth on medium amended with 1 mmol/L cadmium oxide. The presence of Cd in growing media inhibited oxalic acid secretion by A. biennis, but oxalate concentration increased together with elevated Cd concentration in growing medium. The influence of initial pH of growing media on the accumulation of Cd by A. biennis was also observed. The highest accumulation of Cd in mycelium was detected during A. biennis growth on media with a pH of 6. Studies addressing metals uptake by fungi and metal distribution in fungal cells may allow these organisms to be applied in bioremediation processes more effectively or to be used as bioindicators of contaminated environmental pollutions.

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Trinchella, Francesca, Marilisa Riggio, Silvana Filosa, Maria Grazia Volpe, Elio Parisi, and Rosaria Scudiero. "Cadmium distribution and metallothionein expression in lizard tissues following acute and chronic cadmium intoxication." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 144, no. 3 (November 2006): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.09.004.

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Wu, Su Mei, Mei-Jyun Shih, and Yi-Chia Ho. "Toxicological stress response and cadmium distribution in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) upon cadmium exposure." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 145, no. 2 (March 2007): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.12.003.

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46

Min, Kyong-Son, Kahori Kobayashi, Satomi Onosaka, Noriya Ohta, Yoshio Okada, and Keiichi Tanaka. "Tissue distribution of cadmium and nephropathy after administration of cadmium in several chemical forms." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 86, no. 2 (November 1986): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(86)90057-8.

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Hiratsuka, Hideaki, Shin-ichi Satoh, Masahiko Satoh, Motohiro Nishijima, Yasutaka Katsuki, Jin Suzuki, Jun-ichi Nakagawa, et al. "Tissue Distribution of Cadmium in Rats Given Minimum Amounts of Cadmium-Polluted Rice or Cadmium Chloride for 8 Months." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 160, no. 2 (October 1999): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8768.

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Andersson, Paul, and Hans Borg. "Effects of Liming on the Distribution of Cadmium in Water, Sediment, and Organisms in a Swedish Lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-138.

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We studied the cadmium concentrations in water, sediment, suspended particles, a free-swimming insect larva (Chaoborus), a sediment-bound insect larva (Chironomus), and liver of northern pike (Esox lucius) before and after liming operations in Lake Långsjön, Sweden. In accordance with the higher pH levels obtained in the lake water after the limings, cadmium concentration decreased in the water but increased in the sediment. Cadmium concentration in fish liver and Chironomus decreased after the limings whereas the concentration in Chaoborus larvae increased after the first liming. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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Gunko, S. O., N. M. Tsvetkova, and N. O. Neposhivaylenko. "The interpolation of cadmium in soils of an urbanized territory of the steppe Dnieper region using geoinformation modeling methods." Biosystems Diversity 26, no. 2 (May 11, 2018): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011823.

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We collected data on the content of gross and mobile forms of cadmium in the genetic horizons of the main types of soils of the steppe Dnieper region in anthropogenically contaminated landscapes (for instance, the city of Kamianske). The content and distribution of gross and mobile forms of cadmium are shown laterally and radially. The highest concentration of cadmium content is noted for profiles 1 to 6, in particular for a root-saturated ground horizon (up to 50 cm). For soil horizons located at a depth of 50–150 cm, there is a slight excess (4–6 mg/kg) of the mean (2–4 mg/kg) for all urban systems. Minimal concentrations of gross forms of cadmium are observed along the soil profile of 25–29 (up to 1 mg/kg), but anomalous excesses are noted at intersections of major highways, which is characteristic for all arranged profiles. The distribution of mobile forms of cadmium for each araigned profile usually duplicates the situation of distribution of gross forms of heavy metal content. The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst's software capabilities in assessing the ecological status of the Kamianske soil according to the content of cadmium are demonstrated in the study. The results of interpolation of cadmium concentration (gross and mobile forms) on the territory of the city for the corresponding soil horizons are given. According to the conducted simulation, it has been established that the soils of almost the entire eastern part of the city (east of the soil profile of 1 to 6) are characterized by the content of the gross form of cadmium in the range of 3 to 4 mg/kg, except for the wooded ravine Vodyana, within the territorial boundaries of which the values of 2 to 3 mg/kg are forecast, as well as in the soils of the southern and central parts of the city. The interpolation of the results of measurements of cadmium content indicates that the abnormal zone is gradually decreasing by area, however, it maintains the maximum values for the city's territory.

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Fitrianah, Listin. "PERMODELAN SPASIAL PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DI SUNGAI BERBEK KAWASAN INDUSTRI SIDOARJO." Jurnal Chemurgy 6, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v6i2.9360.

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Berbek Industrial Area is the largest industrial area in Sidoarjo Regency. One of the environmental impacts of industrial activities is water quality. One of the water quality is pollution in the sediment. This study aims to map and analyze the pattern of the spatial distribution of cadmium in sediments which can provide information on distribution in the area and the potential impact of lead accumulation on the environment. The samples taken were sediments from rivers in the area of the Berbek industrial area, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency. The method used is a survey and laboratory tests. The distribution pattern of lead content in the waters was carried out using spatial analysis by the Arcgis 10.1 program kriging interpolation method. The result of pollution with the highest cadmium content was in the Berbek Region, namely 1.36 ppm. The highest distribution of sediment cadmium content is in the Wadungasri area. The Wadungasri area is a dense industrial area.

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