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Journal articles on the topic 'Cadium Nanostructures'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Gutu, Timothy, Debra K. Gale, Clayton Jeffryes, Wei Wang, Chih-hung Chang, Gregory L. Rorrer, and Jun Jiao. "Electron Microscopy and Optical Characterization of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystals Deposited on the Patterned Surface of Diatom Biosilica." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/860536.

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Intricately patterned biosilica obtained from the shell of unicellular algae called diatoms serve as novel templates for fabrication of optoelectronic nanostructures. In this study, the surface of diatom frustules that possessed hierarchical architecture ordered at the micro and nanoscale was coated with a nanostructured polycrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin film using a chemical bath deposition technique. The CdS thin film was composed of spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of about 75 nm. The CdS nanoparticle thin film imparted new photoluminescent properties to the intricately patterned diatom nanostructure. The imparted photoluminescent properties were dependent on the CdS coverage onto the frustules surface. The intrinsic photoluminescent properties of the frustules were strongly quenched by the deposited CdS. The origin of PL spectra was discussed on the basis of the band theory and native defects.

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2

Alahmadi, Nadiyah. "Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Removal of Environmental Pollution Hazards in Water Using Nanostructured Materials." Separations 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100264.

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Water pollution has become a critical issue because of the Industrial Revolution, growing populations, extended droughts, and climate change. Therefore, advanced technologies for wastewater remediation are urgently needed. Water contaminants are generally classified as microorganisms and inorganic/organic pollutants. Inorganic pollutants are toxic and some of them are carcinogenic materials, such as cadmium, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Organic pollutants are contained in various materials, including organic dyes, pesticides, personal care products, detergents, and industrial organic wastes. Nanostructured materials could be potential candidates for photocatalytic reduction and for photodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater since they have unique physical, chemical, and optical properties. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of nanostructured semiconductors can be achieved using numerous techniques; nanostructured semiconductors can be doped with different species, transition metals, noble metals or nonmetals, or a luminescence agent. Furthermore, another technique to enhance the photocatalytic performance of nanostructured semiconductors is doping with materials that have a narrow band gap. Nanostructure modification, surface engineering, and heterojunction/homojunction production all take significant time and effort. In this review, I report on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials, and we discuss the photocatalytic performance of these nanostructured materials in reducing environmental pollutants.

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3

Vázquez, Alejandro, Israel López, and Idalia Gómez. "Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Sulfide Nanostructures Formed by Electrophoretic Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 507 (March 2012): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.507.101.

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructures were formed by means of electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles with mean diameter of 6 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave assisted synthesis in aqueous dispersion and electrophoretically deposited on aluminum plates. CdS thin films and ZnS one-dimensional nanostructures were grown on the negative electrodes after 24 hours of electrophoretic deposition at direct current voltage. CdS and ZnS nanostructures were characterized by means of scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies analysis. CdS thin films homogeneity can be tunable varying the strength of the applied electric field. Deposition at low electric field produces thin films with particles aggregates, whereas deposition at relative high electric field produces smoothed thin films. The one-dimensional nanostructure size can be also controlled by the electric field strength. Two different mechanisms are considered in order to describe the formation of the nanostructures: lyosphere distortion and thinning and subsequent dipole-dipole interactions phenomena are proposed as a possible mechanism of the one-dimensional nanostructures, and a mechanism considering pre-deposition interactions of the CdS nanoparticles is proposed for the CdS thin films formation.

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4

Al-Douri, Y., and U. Hashim. "Analysis and Structural Investigations of CdS/Quartz Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.374.

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CdS nanostructures deposited on quartz substrates with spin coating speeds 1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm and annealed at 800 °C are prepared by sol-gel spin coating technique. Ratio of cadmium to thiourea molar is 0.1:0.05 as an indication of nanostructured CdS formation with a grain size of 3.83 nm CdS nanostructures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to research the morphology, respectively. Also, they have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD); the grin size, full width half maxima, miller indices, lattice constant a and c. The measured and calculated results showed a good agreement with other experimental and theoretical data.

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5

López, Israel, Alejandro Vázquez, and Idalia Gómez. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles: Electric Field and Particle Size Effects." Key Engineering Materials 507 (March 2012): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.507.95.

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The present work shows the electric field and particle size effects on the formation of nanostructured arrays by electrophoretic deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles. The CdS nanoparticles with mean diameter below 6 nm were prepared by a microwave assisted synthesis. These nanoparticles were aged for one and two weeks at room temperature in order to produce nanoparticle agglomeration. The CdS nanoparticles were deposited on aluminum plates, with 1 cm of distance between them, using a constant applied voltage of 600 and 900 mV for 1 min. The nanostructures formed using CdS nanoparticles freshly prepared under 900 mV show spherical morphology. Under a voltage of 600 mV, nanostructures with elongated morphology were obtained.

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6

Stetsyk, N. V. "Luminescence effects in Ag-doped cadmium bromide layered nanostructures." Functional materials 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm21.04.379.

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7

Krasovska, Marina, Vjaceslavs Gerbreders, Irena Mihailova, Andrejs Ogurcovs, Eriks Sledevskis, Andrejs Gerbreders, and Pavels Sarajevs. "ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (September 11, 2018): 2421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.227.

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ZnO nanostructures are promising candidates for use in sensors, especially in electrochemical sensors and biosensors, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, as well as sensitivity and selectivity to several types of contamination, including heavy metal ions. In this work, using the hydrothermal method, nanostructures of ZnO were synthesized in four different morphologies: nanorods, nanoneedles, nanotubes and nanoplates. To determine the peculiarities of adsorption for each morphology, a series of electrochemical measurements were carried out using these nanostructured ZnO coatings on the working electrodes, using aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 as analytes with different concentrations. It was found that the sensitivity of the resulting electrochemical sensors depends on the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures: the best results were achieved in the case of porous nanostructures (nanotubes and nanoplates), whereas the lowest sensitivity corresponded to ZnO nanorods with a large diameter (i.e., low surface-to-volume ratio). The efficiency of sedimentation is also related to the electronegativity of adsorbate: it has been shown that all observed ZnO morphologies exhibited significantly higher sensitivity in detecting lead ions compared to cadmium ions.

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8

Zhang, Ya Hui, Xi Cheng, and Qing Wang. "The Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide and Cadmium Selenide Nanostructures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.467.

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Cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide have been the subject of considerable interest because of their potentialapplications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide in this field also are analyzed.

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9

Bari, R. H., and S. B. Patil. "Nanostructured CdO Thin Films for LPG and CO₂ Gas Sensor Prepared by Spray Pyrolisis Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 2014): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.37.31.

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Nanostructured CdO thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis techniques at different spray deposition time on glass substrates. Nanostructured CdO thin films was prepared using 0.05 M of cadmium acetate dehydrate (CH3COO) 2Cd·2H2O) was dissolved in the deionised water. These thin films were annealing in air at temperatures 500 °C for 60 min. The thickness of the films, crystallite and grain size were observed to increase with the increase in spray deposition time. As prepared thin films were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM and EDAX. The XRD analysis shows that CdO films were cubic structured. The electrical and gas sensing properties of these films were investigated. Prepared nanostructure CdO thin films show LPG (S = 1600) and CO2 (S = 435) gas response at different operating temperature. Gas response, selectivity, response and recovery time of the sensor were measured and presented.

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10

Bari, R. H., and S. B. Patil. "Nanostructured CdO Thin Films for LPG and CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Sensor Prepared by Spray Pyrolisis Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 6, 2014): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-lfu9x5.

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Nanostructured CdO thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis techniques at different spray deposition time on glass substrates. Nanostructured CdO thin films was prepared using 0.05 M of cadmium acetate dehydrate (CH3COO) 2Cd·2H2O) was dissolved in the deionised water. These thin films were annealing in air at temperatures 500 °C for 60 min. The thickness of the films, crystallite and grain size were observed to increase with the increase in spray deposition time. As prepared thin films were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM and EDAX. The XRD analysis shows that CdO films were cubic structured. The electrical and gas sensing properties of these films were investigated. Prepared nanostructure CdO thin films show LPG (S = 1600) and CO2 (S = 435) gas response at different operating temperature. Gas response, selectivity, response and recovery time of the sensor were measured and presented.

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11

Zhang, Ya Hui, and Qing Wang. "The New Progress of Cadmium Sulfide Synthesis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 142 (November 2011): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.83.

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Cadmium sulfide has been the subject of considerable interest because of its potential applications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of Cadmium sulfide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared Cadmium sulfide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of Cadmium sulfide in this field also are analyzed.

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12

Zhang, Ya Hui, Xi Cheng, and Qing Wang. "The Synthesis and Properties of Cadmium Selenide Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 531 (June 2012): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.63.

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Cadmium selenide has been the subject of considerable interest because of its potential applications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of cadmium selenide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared cadmium selenide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of Cadmium selenide in this field also are analyzed.

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13

Maitra, Soumyajit, Arundhati Sarkar, Toulik Maitra, Somoprova Halder, Subhasis Roy, and Kajari Kargupta. "Cadmium Sulphide Sensitized Crystal Facet Tailored Nanostructured Nickel Ferrite @ Hematite Core-Shell Ternary Heterojunction Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." MRS Advances 5, no. 50 (2020): 2585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.316.

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AbstractDesign of composite semiconductor nanostructures with proper band alignment for efficient charge separation and carrier transport has been at the center of research for photoelectrochemical water splitting. This work demonstrates the deposition of a NiFe2O4 @Fe2O3 core-shell nanostructured film sensitized with CdS to form a ternary heterojunction for cascade type electron transfer. The hematite nanostructures were grown by hydrothermal approach through dipping into a solution of Nickel Nitrate yielded anchoring of Ni2+ ions on the outer surface. The films were then annealed at 650 0C for the diffusion of Ni2+ ions into the hematite lattice which forms core-shell NiFe2O4 @Fe2O3 heterojunction. The films were further sensitized with CdS nanoparticles deposited by a hydrothermal approach to form the final ternary heterojunction photoanode. Several different nanostructures were grown and the effect of crystal facet tailoring was observed on Ni loading and photoelectrochemical performance. The photoelectrochemical measurements were carried out using a potentiostat under 100 mW/cm2 light source (150W Xenon Lamp) with Pt counter electrode and 0.5 M Na2S and 0.5 M Na2SO3 electrolyte. A current density of 3.47 mA/cm2 was observed at 1.23 V (vs Ag/AgCl). An Applied Bias to Photocurrent Efficiency (ABPE) of 1.8 % photoconversion efficiency was observed using the fabricated electrodes at 0.288V (vs Ag/AgCl).

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14

Zhang, Ya Hui, Xi Cheng, and Qing Wang. "The New Progress on Synthesis of Cadmium Selenide and Lead Selenide Nanostructures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.536.

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Cadmium Selenide and Lead Selenide have been the subject of considerable interest because of its potential applications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of Cadmium Selenide and Lead Selenide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared metal selenide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of metal selenide in this field also are analyzed.

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15

SINGH, TRILOK, D. K. PANDYA, and R. SINGH. "GROWTH OF CdO AND ZnCdO-BASED NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURES USING ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 04n05 (August 2011): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11009258.

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CdO and ZnCdO alloy semiconductor nanostructures were obtained by means of cathodic deposition. Crystalline nanostructures of CdO and cadmium doped ZnO with cadmium concentration ranging from about 25% to 75% were electrodeposited onto the tin doped indium oxide (ITO) conducting glass substrates and subsequently annealed in air at 300°C and 600°C, respectively. X-ray diffraction showed that the nanostructures were of cubic crystallographic structure for CdO and at low doping concentration it showed wurtzite structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results demonstrated that Cd , Zn and O elements existed in the deposited nanostructures. The incorporation of Cd content in the ZnO resulted in the band gap tuning of about 0.94 eV.

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16

Tuleuhanov, S. T., N. T. Ablayhanova, S. A. Sharipova, B. K. Dinistanova, and Z. Mansurov. "Effect of the Nanostructured Carbon Sorbent «Ingo-2» and Cadmium Chloride on Limfodynamic and Composition of Lymph." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.273.

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The effect of cadmium ions and nanostructured carbon sorbent on limfodynamic and composition of lymph was studies. The experiments showed that prolonged poisoning of rats with cadmium chloride (per os) causes changes of biochemical composition and physic-chemical parameters of lymph and blood plasma. The accumulation was marked by of cadmium ions in the lymph nodes, where their concentration is increased 5-7 times of the original level. Using n nanostructured carbon sorbent «Ingo-2» reduces substantially negative effect of cadmium on limfodynamic and indicators of lymph.

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17

Al-Wasidi, Asma S., Maram T. Basha, Reem M. Alghanmi, Eida S. Al-Farraj, and Ehab A. Abdelrahman. "Functionalization of Sodium Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide/Sodium Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Nanostructures Using 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde as a Novel Nanocomposite for the Efficient Removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Media." Separations 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10020088.

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Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions cause many diseases in humans. Therefore, they should be removed from water sources using simple and cost-effective adsorbents. Consequently, sodium magnesium silicate hydroxide/sodium magnesium silicate hydrate nanostructures were synthesized and functionalized using 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as a novel nanocomposite. Several instruments were used to characterize the synthetic products, such as an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), an N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer, a CHN elemental analyzer, an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer (EDS), and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The functionalization of the nanostructures with 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde led to the disappearance of the XRD peaks of the nanostructures and the presence of a broad XRD peak at 2θ = 32°. In addition, the FE-SEM images revealed that the nanostructures consisted of spheres, cubes, and irregular shapes with an average grain size of 115 nm, and the nanocomposite consisted of spherical conglomerates consisting of needle-like shapes. The anticipated morphology following the functionalization of the nanostructures with 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde resulted from the presence of 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde on the backbones of the nanostructures. The EDS results showed that the nanostructures were composed of O, Na, Mg, and Si with weight percentages equal to 38.59%, 5.95%, 16.60%, and 38.86%, respectively. Additionally, the nanocomposite was composed of C, N, O, Na, Mg, and Si with weight percentages equal to 55.31%, 2.23%, 30.09%, 6.56%, 2.98%, and 12.83%, respectively. The synthesized nanostructures and nanocomposite samples were utilized for the efficient removal of cadmium and copper ions from aqueous media using the ion exchange and chelation adsorption procedures, respectively. Optimum conditions for removing the cadmium and copper ions were achieved at a pH, time, and temperature equal to 7.5, 80 min, and 298 K, respectively. The maximum uptake capacities of the synthesized nanostructures and nanocomposite samples toward cadmium ions were 89.44 mg/g and 155.04 mg/g, respectively, and the maximum uptake capacities of the synthesized nanostructures and nanocomposite samples toward copper ions were 103.73 mg/g and 177.94 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption processes were exothermic, chemical, and followed the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir equilibrium isotherm model.

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18

Bolesta, I. M., I. N. Rovetskii, S. R. Velgosh, S. V. Rykhlyuk, I. D. Karbovnyk, and N. V. Gloskovskaya. "Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanostructures Formed in Non-Stoichiometric CdI2 Crystals." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 9 (September 24, 2018): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.9.816.

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The morphology of nanostructures formed in non-stoichiometric CdI2 crystals has been studied, by using the atomic force microscopy methods. Morphological changes are observed, when the concentration of cadmium atoms approaches a non-stoichiometric threshold value of 0.1 mol%. The features in the phase composition of nanostructures are analyzed with the help of Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies. The influence of the researched nanostructures on the optical characteristics of non-stoichiometric CdI2 crystals is analyzed.

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19

Tan, Chee Leong, and Hooman Mohseni. "Emerging technologies for high performance infrared detectors." Nanophotonics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0061.

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AbstractInfrared photodetectors (IRPDs) have become important devices in various applications such as night vision, military missile tracking, medical imaging, industry defect imaging, environmental sensing, and exoplanet exploration. Mature semiconductor technologies such as mercury cadmium telluride and III–V material-based photodetectors have been dominating the industry. However, in the last few decades, significant funding and research has been focused to improve the performance of IRPDs such as lowering the fabrication cost, simplifying the fabrication processes, increasing the production yield, and increasing the operating temperature by making use of advances in nanofabrication and nanotechnology. We will first review the nanomaterial with suitable electronic and mechanical properties, such as two-dimensional material, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides. We compare these with more traditional low-dimensional material such as quantum well, quantum dot, quantum dot in well, semiconductor superlattice, nanowires, nanotube, and colloid quantum dot. We will also review the nanostructures used for enhanced light-matter interaction to boost the IRPD sensitivity. These include nanostructured antireflection coatings, optical antennas, plasmonic, and metamaterials.

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20

Chava, Rama Krishna, Namgyu Son, Yang Soo Kim, and Misook Kang. "Controlled Growth and Bandstructure Properties of One Dimensional Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods for Visible Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040619.

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One dimensional (1D) metal sulfide nanostructures are one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic water splitting reactions to produce hydrogen (H2). However, tuning the nanostructural, optical, electrical and chemical properties of metal sulfides is a challenging task for the fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts. Herein, 1D CdS nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by a facile and low-cost solvothermal method, in which reaction time played a significant role for increasing the length of CdS NRs from 100 nm to several micrometers. It is confirmed that as the length of CdS NR increases, the visible photocatalytic H2 evolution activity also increases and the CdS NR sample obtained at 18 hr. reaction time exhibited the highest H2 evolution activity of 206.07 μmol.g−1.h−1. The higher H2 evolution activity is explained by the improved optical absorption properties, enhanced electronic bandstructure and decreased electron-hole recombination rate.

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21

Lee, Yea Eun, Jeong Won Kang, and Ki-Sub Kim. "Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Thiol-Capped CdTe Nanoparticles Into Nanowires Under Dark Conditions." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 8275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11239.

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Thiol-capped cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled into nanowires (NWs) under dark conditions, and the evolutionary process was investigated. Thiolglycolic acid (TGA) was selected as one of the stabilizers and a TGA-to-Cd ion ratio of 1.3 rather than the traditional 2.4 ratio was used. The reduced amount of the stabilizer and the oxidation of tellurium ions on CdTe NP surface under dark conditions resulted in reorganization from individual NPs into NWs consisting of multi-layers of individual NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the synthesized nanostructures. The NWs produced were straight and long, with lengths ranging from 500 nm to 10 μm. Photoluminescence (PL) showed that the nanostructure wavelengths were slightly blue-shifted from 546 to 539 nm. Both control of the amount of stabilizer and oxidation of Te ions acted as driving forces to form NWs. Thus, small modifications in synthesis yielded a major difference in the final nanomaterial structure. The suggested synthetic procedure provides a viable pathway for the fabrication of nanomaterials.

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22

ASMIAL, RIAD A., ABDUL-MAJEED E. AL-SAMARAI, SABRI J. MOHMED, and HANI H. AHMED. "CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED CdO FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 24 (August 28, 2012): 1250135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212501354.

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Nanostructured CdO films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Cadmium nitrate salt was used as a source of cadmium ions ( Cd +2). The effect of solution molarity on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of nanostructured CdO films had been investigated. To obtain a good film stoichiometry, films were heated in a static air temperature of 673 K for 90 min. X-ray diffraction results showed the formation of polycrystalline cadmium oxide structure. The average grain size and root mean square of roughness values obtained from AFM investigation were 87 nm and 13 nm respectively for CdO film prepared with 0.03 M and 98 nm and 17 nm respectively for CdO film prepared with 0.1 M. The average transmittance of CdO films in the visible region was between 70–80% with a corresponding direct optical energy of 2.41–2.5 eV. The electrical resistivity of nanostructured CdO films at temperatures 300–500 K was measured.

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23

Pandit, Vikram U., Sudhir S. Arbuj, Ranjit R. Hawaldar, Pradnya V. Kshirsagar, Amarsinh J. Deshmukh, Jalindar D. Ambekar, Uttam P. Mulik, Suresh W. Gosavi, and Bharat B. Kale. "Hierarchical CdS nanostructure by Lawesson's reagent and its enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production." RSC Advances 5, no. 18 (2015): 13715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15138k.

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24

E, Ranjith Kumar. "The Role of Reagents on Microstructural and Morphological Investagation of Surfactant based Synthesis of CdO Nanorods." NanoNEXT 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/nnxt2211.

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Cadmium oxide nanostructures were prepared utilising a noval microwave irradiated wet chemical technique with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate as the surfactant and two distinct co-reagents (NH3 and NaOH). XRD, and FTIR were used to examine the microstructural properties of synthesised and heat-treated (300°C) CdO nanostructures. As prepared and annealed smaples, the fluctuation of crystallite size and morphology of CdO nanostructures with different co-reagents was investigated. The average crystallite size of the samples was 11.4 to 17.8 nm for the NH3 reagent and 9.7 to 16.8 nm for the NaOH reagent.

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25

Hullavarad, N. V., S. S. Hullavarad, and P. C. Karulkar. "Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) Nanotechnology: Synthesis and Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 3272–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.145.

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Over the past few years there has been sustained interest in the synthesis, characterization and application of cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanobelts, nanospheres. The history of CdS, more recent advances in the chemistry and synthesis of CdS nanostructures, and their application as nanoscale devices in diverse technology areas from electronics to targeted drug delivery is described. Although the focus is on CdS, the review provides an excellent overview of the materials, methods, processes and promising solutions that are emerging.

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26

Heidari, Alireza. "Study of Physical Properties of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and CdO/DNA/RNA Nanostructures Thin Layers Produced by Spray Pyrolysis Technique for Manufacturing Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Effect of DNA/RNA Doping on Their Optical Characteristics." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2686.

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In the current research, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles are produced by ultrasonic waves and the effect of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) doping on their optical and structural characteristics are investigated. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms extension of peaks and formation of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles. Absorption spectra for the produced samples are shown that addition of DNA/RNA affects the spectrum and absorption edge shifts towards blue region which is due to reduction of nanoparticle size and it confirms by SEM images. In addition, SEM images show the formation of approximately single size ellipsoidal nanostructures for pure Cadmium Oxide (CdO). However, the size, form and distribution of nanoparticles are varied after doping. On the other hand, in the current paper, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and DNA/RNA/Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanostructures thin layers are produced using spray pyrolysis technique over a glassy substrate. Annealing of CdO thin layer for half an hour in the air leads to improvement of crystalline structure. Optical characteristics and crystalline structure of samples are studied through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results of the current study were shown that CdO thin layers are of hexagonal structure. Further, optical gaff of CdO/DNA/RNA/glass thin layer is increased compared to CdO/glass layer.

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27

Lahewil, Abdulwahab S. Z., Y. Al-Douri, U. Hashim, and Naser Mahmoud Ahmed. "Structural and Morphological Studies of Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.228.

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures were prepared with different spin coating speed 1000 and 3000 rpm and molarities of Cd:S to be 1.2 to 0.01 mol/L using sol-gel spin coating technique. It is found that the average grain size of CdS nanostructures deposited on glass substrates at 1000 and 3000 rpm is 43 to 4 nm respectively. The effect of grain size on the semiconductor properties are in agreement with experimental and theoretical data.

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Khabibullaev, P. K., Sh U. Yuldashev, and L. A. Nosova. "New properties of cadmium sulfide nanostructures." Doklady Physics 51, no. 11 (November 2006): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335806110036.

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Mondal, S. P., and S. K. Ray. "Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Devices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences 82, no. 1 (January 28, 2012): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40010-012-0002-3.

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Sliusariak, T. K., Y. M. Andriichuk, S. A. Vojtovych, M. A. Zhukovskyi, and Y. B. Khalavka. "Synthesis of CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticles with Multiple Photoluminescence." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 21, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.1.105-112.

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The CdSе/ZnS nanostructures of Core-Shell type, that have multi-wave emission, are described and a scheme of possible energy transitions in the studied system is presented. CdSe nuclei were synthesized by mixing cadmium and selenium precursors without creating an inert atmosphere. The cadmium complex with sulphanilamide was used as a cadmium precursor and simultaneously as a stabilizing ligand. To grow the shell, zinc stearate and thiourea were gradually added to the solution of cadmium selenide nuclei in octadecene at 200°C. TEM studies show that the obtained CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles have the shape close to tetrahedral with an effective diameter up to 10 nm. The thickness of the ZnS shell is about 3-4 nm. From the absorption spectra of the CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles, it is clear that the shell growth leads to a sharp increase in the absorption in the short wavelentgh area, which means the formation of a wide gap ZnS material. The obtained CdSe/ZnS nanostructures emit three fluorescence peaks in the visible range. They are attributed to exciton transitions in the nucleus, recombination at defects of the boundary between the core and the shell, and recombination at defects of the shell. Such property provides CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals with a wide range of functionalities.

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Kurtina, Daria A., Alexey V. Garshev, Larisa D. Kozina, and Roman B. Vasiliev. "Atomically-Thin CdSe and CdTe Colloidal Nanosheets: Growth, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties." Vestnik RFFI, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22204/2410-4639-2019-103-03-26-34.

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The article describes the main features of a new class of colloidal nanoparticles with the electronic structure of semiconductor quantum wells – atomically-thin cadmium selinide CdSe and cadmium telluride CdTe nanosheets with a thickness of 1-2 nm and extended lateral sizes in the range of 100–700 nm. Approaches to the synthesis of such nanostructures by wet chemical methods are considered. A new effect of spontaneous folding induced by ligand exchange has been described.

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Ismail, Raid A., Sa’ad Ghafori, and Rafal S. Sichat. "Characteristics Study of Nanostructured CdO Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 53 (July 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.53.165.

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In this paper, nanostructured cadmium oxide films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique.The structural, morphological and optical characteristics of synthesized films are investigated as function of concentration .AFM results revealed that the root mean square of surface roughness is increased with cadmium concentration. XRD investigation confirmed that the films are polycrystalline with cubic structure. SEM study displayed that the synthesized films have particle size in the range of 25-100nm depending on cadmium ion concentration. The optical properties revealed the films have maximum average optical transmittance of 78% for film sprayed with 0.1 M. The optical band gap of the CdO film prepared with 0.25 M was 2.65eV. The optical band gap increased as the film molarity.

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Ismail, Raid A., Sa’ad Ghafori, and Rafal S. Sichat. "Characteristics Study of Nanostructured CdO Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 53 (July 1, 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-zggv1o.

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In this paper, nanostructured cadmium oxide films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique.The structural, morphological and optical characteristics of synthesized films are investigated as function of concentration .AFM results revealed that the root mean square of surface roughness is increased with cadmium concentration. XRD investigation confirmed that the films are polycrystalline with cubic structure. SEM study displayed that the synthesized films have particle size in the range of 25-100nm depending on cadmium ion concentration. The optical properties revealed the films have maximum average optical transmittance of 78% for film sprayed with 0.1 M. The optical band gap of the CdO film prepared with 0.25 M was 2.65eV. The optical band gap increased as the film molarity.

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34

Azizian-Kalandaragh, Yashar. "Preparation of Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructures in Presence of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Capping Agent and Investigation of Their Structural and Optical Properties." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2018.2376.

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In this research, cadmium sulfide nanostructures have been prepared by an ultrasound-assisted method in presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agents. The effects of two different capping agents on the structural and optical properties of cadmium sulfide nanostructures have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD patterns show the high purity of samples. The mean crystal's sizes have been estimated by Debye-Sherrer equation and results show the mean crystallite size is decreasing with increase capping agent concentrations. UV-Vis spectroscopy results show a shift in the peaks and broadening with the PVA and PVP increasing. The broadening of the absorbance spectrum with increasing in capping agent concentrations is due to the quantum confinement of nanostructures. The band gap of prepared samples has been estimated by Tauc equation and graph and results show that the band gaps of samples are increasing with increase in the capping agent's concentration. The SEM images show the distribution of the uncapped sample is different from capped samples. FT-IR spectroscopy results show by increasing of capping agent concentration the energy between the functional group is changed and some peaks show a slight shift.

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Bagraev, N. T., O. N. Gimbitskaya, L. E. Klyachkin, A. M. Malyarenko, I. A. Shelykh, A. I. Ryskin, and A. S. Shcheulin. "Spin transistor based on cadmium fluoride nanostructures." Semiconductors 43, no. 1 (January 2009): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782609010163.

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Jiang, W., W. J. Weber, J. S. Young, L. A. Boatner, J. Lian, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing. "Irradiation-induced nanostructures in cadmium niobate pyrochlores." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 250, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.106.

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Cortes, A., E. Svåsand, V. Lavayen, R. Segura, and P. Häberle. "Carbon nanostructures/cadmium-sulfide hybrid heterostructures formation." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 18 (March 12, 2010): 4958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4350-6.

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Zeng, B., Z. G. Li, and W. J. Zeng. "N-doped graphene-cadmium sulfide nanoplates and their improved photocatalytic performance." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 2 (2021): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.162.627.

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Cadmium sulfide nanoplates and N-doped graphene composites (CdS NP/NG) were synthesized for use as photocatalysts. Photocatalytic testing showed that both the two dimensional (2D) nanostructure and nitrogen-doping of graphene contributed to its excellent photocatalytic performance. Here, the 2D nanostructure provided a large number of active sites and the nitrogen-doping of graphene could improve its electronic properties. This work offers a new insight for obtaining a highly efficient CdS/graphene photocatalyst.

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Adnan, J., M. Arfan, T. Shahid, MZ Khan, R. Masab, AH Ramish, S. Ahtasham, et al. "Synthesis of cadmium hydroxide nanostructure via composite-hydroxide-mediated approach." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 9 (January 1, 2019): 184798041985255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980419852551.

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Polycrystalline cadmium hydroxide nanomaterials have successfully been synthesized by composite-hydroxide-mediated approach with growth time variation. The influence of growth time on structural, morphological, elemental, and optical properties was explored using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction results revealed the hexagonal and monoclinic phases of cadmium hydroxide along with rhombohedral impurity phase of cadmium carbonate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further endorsed the X-ray diffraction results and confirmed the Cd–O bonding vibrations. Time-dependent uniform distribution of spherical morphology was observed in the scanning electron micrographs of the product. The presence of cadmium and oxygen in the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results fingerprinted the purity and formation of the desired nanomaterials. Crystallite size was decreased with the increase of growth time as estimated by the Debye–Scherrer method. Furthermore, the optical bandgap was measured by Tauc’s relation using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra and found to be in the range of 3.2–3.5 eV.

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Mohanty, Paritosh, Jeunghee Park, Gangho Lee, and Bongsoo Kim. "Fabrication of Single Crystalline Cadmium Nanowires by a Facile Low Temperature Vapor Phase Method." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.014.

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Single-crystalline cadmium nanowires were successfully fabricated by vaporization of cadmium metal powders in a horizontal quartz tube furnace at 250 °C. The vaporization was carried out for 30 minutes and yielded nanowires of diameters of 80 to 250 nm and lengths up to several tens of microns. The nanowires were deposited on a Si (111) substrate kept at the lower temperature zone (150–175 °C) of the furnace. When the deposition temperature was lower than this, hexagonal nanodisks were produced. The possible mechanism for the formation of the obtained nanostructures is discussed.

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41

Zha, Ruhua, Reddeppa Nadimicherla, and Xin Guo. "Cadmium removal in waste water by nanostructured TiO2 particles." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 34 (2014): 13932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02106a.

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42

Lu, Qingyi, Feng Gao, and Sridhar Komarneni. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 6 (June 2004): 1649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0237.

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A microwave-assisted solvothermal method was used for the synthesis of selenium nanorods. The obtained selenium nanorods have axis ratios higher than 100 with their diameters in the range of 30–150 nm. This method is quite simple, rapid, adjustable, and general. Besides the effects of the experimental parameters on the synthesis of the selenium nanorods, the generality of this method has also been investigated, by which other one-dimensional nanostructures, metal lead and semiconductor cadmium sulfide nanorods, were also successfully synthesized.

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43

Alimov, I. F. "INFLUENCE OF NANO-STRUCTURAL SAPROEL ON THE LIVING WEIGHT OF THE GOES AND THE QUALITY OF THEIR MEAT." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 245, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-245-1-6-9.

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The article shows that the use of nanostructured sapropel in the form of feed additives in doses of 0.5-1.5 % to the dry matter of feed during the cultivation of geese contributes to an in-crease in their live weight by 7.9-11.1 % in comparison with control analogues. Also, the use of nanostructured sapropel as a feed additive at a dose of 1.0 % in the cultivation of geese showed the best results for increasing meat productivity. A physical and chemical study showed that the content corresponded to the required standards of cadmium and lead.

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44

ZHANG, LI, HUA-YAN SI, HUA XU, HAO-LI ZHANG, and YU-QING XIONG. "HIGHLY ORDERED MICRO-ARRAYS OF CdSe QUANTUM DOTS ON CHEMICALLY PATTERNED SUBSTRATES." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 01n02 (February 2009): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09005815.

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Highly ordered arrays consisting uniform fluorescent cadmium selenide ( CdSe ) quantum dots (QDs) ring or dot structures were obtained by self-assembly of QDs on chemically patterned substrates. In this method, Au substrates with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic square patterns are firstly fabricated by microcontact printing, which allows water droplets to condense on the hydrophilic regions to provide two-dimensional template arrays. The CdSe QDs are then assembled at the liquid/liquid interfaces to give uniform micro or nanostructures. The shape and size of the rings and dots can be tailored by controlling the relative evaporation speed of the water and the organic solvents. The obtained nanostructures have ideal topography to avoid substrate-induced fluorescence quenching.

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45

Bagraev, N. T., O. N. Gimbitskaya, L. E. Klyachkin, A. M. Malyarenko, I. A. Shelykh, A. I. Ryskin, and A. S. Shcheulin. "Quantum Hall effect in (cadmium flouride)-based nanostructures." Semiconductors 43, no. 1 (January 2009): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782609010151.

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46

Pawar, Vinay, Amul Shinde, Ameeta Ravi Kumar, Smita Zinjarde, and Suresh Gosavi. "Tropical Marine Microbe Mediated Synthesis of Cadmium Nanostructures." Science of Advanced Materials 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2012.1262.

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47

Barreca, Davide, Alberto Gasparotto, Cinzia Maragno, and Eugenio Tondello. "Nanostructured Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films by XPS." Surface Science Spectra 9, no. 1 (December 2002): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/11.20030116.

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48

Dong, Lifeng, and Jun Jiao. "Electron Microscopy Study of Exotic Nanostructures of Cadmium Sulfide." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, no. 2 (March 8, 2005): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605050166.

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In this article, two simple methods, evaporation-condensation and catalytic thermal evaporation, were used to investigate the synthesis of CdS nanostructures for nanoscale optoelectronic applications. To understand their growth mechanisms, various electron microscopy and microanalysis techniques were utilized in characterizing their morphologies, internal structures, growth directions and elemental compositions. The electron microscopy study reveals that when using the evaporation-condensation method, branched CdS nanorods and self-assembled arrays of CdS nanorods were synthesized at 800°C and 1000°C, respectively. Instead of morphological differences, both types of CdS nanorods grew along the [0001] direction. However, when using the catalytic thermal evaporation method (Au as the catalyst), patterned CdS nanowires and nanobelts were formed at the temperature region of 500–600°C and 600–750°C, respectively. Their growth direction was along the direction [1010] instead of [0001]. Based on the microscopy and microanalysis results, we propose some growth mechanisms in relation to the growth processes of those exotic CdS nanostructures.

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Binish, B., K. Mani Rahulan, A. Dhanusha, T. C. Sabari Girisun, and Junaid Masud Laskar. "Influence of yttrium doping on the nonlinear optical limiting properties of cadmium molybdate nanostructures." RSC Advances 12, no. 42 (2022): 27145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04687c.

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CHINNU, M. KARL, L. SARAVANAN, R. JAYAVEL, C. M. RAGHAVAN, K. VIJAI ANAND, R. MOHAN KUMAR, and T. ALAGESAN. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE (HMTA) CAPPED CdS NANOPARTICLES BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 03 (June 2011): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11008204.

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Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have been synthesized by hydrothermal method using cadmium acetate, thiosemicarbazide, and sodium hydroxide as precursors with hexamethylene tetramine as the surfactant. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, it is observed that synthesized CdS nanoparticles show cubic phase. The presence of HMTA in CdS was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The bandgap value of CdS nanostructure has been estimated by DRS–UV-Visible spectral analysis. The formation of flower-like nanoclusters was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The application of CdS nanoparticles in photocatalytic degradation was also studied.

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