Academic literature on the topic 'CAD reconstruction'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CAD reconstruction"

1

Hoppe, Hugues. "Surface reconstruction from unorganized points /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6924.

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Lim, Alan Wui Tze. "Exploring vision mechanisms for constructing a CAD reconstruction and recognition system." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336322.

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Liang, Haidong. "Facial soft tissue 3D modelling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842802/.

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The purpose of this study is to find the design tool to create a soft tissue 3D model able to be used for finite element analysis to simulate the facial soft tissue deformation under g-loading and the helmet and mask/tissue interaction. Such a model will be of value in the design of new helmets and oxygen mask system, to reduce the effects of inertia, to provide improved fit, to minimise oxygen leakage especially when deformed under high g-loading. This work is concerned with the creation of a 3D geometric model. Further work may involve the measurement of mechanical properties of the facial soft tissue, finite element analysis and validation of the model. Using high frequency A-scan ultrasound allows the superficial tissue to be measured on volunteers without risk. The investigation covers 112 points on half of the face, linked to 11 defined morphological zones. The zonal boundaries are based on previous research and are initially identified by inspection and palpation of the face. There is large thickness range difference (30%) over the face in most zones defined in an individual. The iso-thickness zone hypothesis is not valid if the 'constant' thickness criterion is set to be 10% for all zones. Software algorithm for automatically detecting the facial soft tissue thickness is developed and validated to be effective (5% fail rate). Thickness data is acquired from European white males, females and Chinese males. The data collected in this study is also useful in forensic science for facial reconstruction purpose. Laser scanning method has been used to obtain the facial surface profile to create a surface model into which the soft tissue layer thickness distribution around the face can be incorporated. The surface model is exported in IGES format and can be imported in CAD software. Electromagnetic space locating method is used to acquire the ultrasound probe position so as to find the position of the tissue thickness. Point-based registration method is used to integrate the ultrasound thickness data into the laser scanned surface model to create a soft tissue shell solid model. The model is exported in IGES data format so that it can be imported into a finite element analysis package for further processing.
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Chhaya, Mohit Prashant. "Additive tissue manufacturing for breast reconstruction: Combining CAD/CAM with adipose tissue engineering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84762/9/Mohit_Prashant_Chhaya_Thesis.pdf.

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The primary aim of this multidisciplinary project was to develop a new generation of breast implants. Disrupting the currently prevailing paradigm of silicone implants which permanently introduce a foreign body into mastectomy patients, highly porous implants developed as part of this PhD project are biodegradable by the body and augment the growth of natural tissue. Our technology platform leverages computer-assisted-design which allows us to manufacture fully patient-specific implants based on a personalised medicine approach. Multiple animal studies conducted in this project have shown that the polymeric implant slowly degrades within the body harmlessly while the body's own tissue forms concurrently.
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Bénière, Roseline. "Reconstruction d’un modèle B-Rep à partir d’un maillage 3D." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20034/document.

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De nos jours, la majorité des objets manufacturés sont conçus par des logiciels informatiques de CAO (Conception Assistée par Ordinateur). Cependant, lors de la visualisation, d'échange de données ou des processus de fabrication, le modèle géométrique doit être discrétisé en un maillage 3D composé d'un nombre fini de sommets et d'arêtes. Or, dans certaines situations le modèle initial peut être perdu ou indisponible. La représentation discrète 3D peut aussi être modifiée, par exemple après une simulation numérique, et ne plus correspondre au modèle initial. Une méthode de rétro-ingénierie est alors nécessaire afin de reconstruire une représentation continue 3D à partir de la représentation discrète.Dans ce manuscrit, nous présentons une procédure automatique et complète de rétro-ingénierie pour les maillages 3D issus principalement de la discrétisation d'objets mécaniques. Pour cela, nous proposons des améliorations sur la détection de primitives géométriques simples. Puis, nous introduisons un formalisme clair pour la définition de la topologie de l'objet et la construction des intersections entre les primitives. Enfin, nous décrivons une nouvelle méthode de construction de surfaces paramétriques 3D, fondée sur l'extraction automatique de grilles rectangulaires régulières supports. La méthode a été testée sur des maillages 3D issus d'applications industrielles et permet d'obtenir des modèles B-Rep cohérents<br>Nowadays, most of the manufactured objects are designed using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software. Nevertheless, for visualization, data exchange or manufacturing applications, the geometric model has to be discretized into a 3D mesh composed of a finite number of vertices and edges. But, in some cases, the initial model may be lost or unavailable. In other cases, the 3D discrete representation may be modified, for example after a numerical simulation, and does not correspond anymore to the initial model. A retro-engineering method is then required to reconstruct a 3D continuous representation from the discrete one.In this Ph.D. Thesis, we present an automatic and comprehensive reverse engineering process mainly dedicated to 3D meshes of mechanical items. We present first several improvements in automatically detecting geometric primitives from a 3D mesh. Then, we introduce a clear formalism to define the topology of the object and to construct the intersections between primitives. At the end, we describe a new method to fit 3D parametric surfaces which is based on extracting regular rectangular grids. The whole process is tested on 3D industrial meshes and results in reconstructing consistent B-Rep models
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Strand, Mathias. "Standardisering av processer och aktiviteter inom kontrollanläggningar och elmontage." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169324.

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I detta examensarbete har en undersökning utförts på konsultföretaget ÅF, och deras arbetssätt inom dokumentation och kontrollanläggningar för att utreda om det fanns effektiviseringspotentialer. Undersökningen har i största del innefattat intervjuer med verksamma konsulter inom kontrollanläggningar och elmontage på transformatorstationer. Konsulterna arbetade som konstruktörer och tog fram ritningar främst till kontrollutrustningar. Resultatet från intervjuerna analyserades för att sedan dra slutsatser om effektiviseringsmöjligheter inom verksamheten. Olika kontor i verksamheten undersöktes och arbetssättet varierade på de olika kontoren. En skillnad var det CAD-program som användes och ett förslag var att använda samma program. Effektiviseringspotentialer fanns också genom att återanvända kretsscheman till viss del från föregående projekt. Ett annat förslag var därför att införa databaser där kretsscheman kan samlas in och delas mellan de olika kontoren.<br>In this thesis, a study has been carried out for the consulting company ÅF, and their work method within documentation and control facilities to investigate whether there were any potential for efficiency improvements. The investigation has largely involved interviews with operating consultants within the control facility on substations. The consultants worked as electrical designers and produced drawings mainly for control equipment. The results of the interviews were analyzed to draw conclusions about the efficiency potentials within the business. Different offices in the business were examined and the work approach varied between the offices. One difference was the CAD-software used and a suggestion was to use the same program. Efficiency improvement potentials were also by re-using electrical schematics to some extent from previous projects and another suggestion was to establish databases where electrical schematics can be gathered and shared between the different offices.
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Bey, Aurélien. "Reconstruction de modèles CAO de scènes complexes à partir de nuages de points basés sur l’utilisation de connaissances a priori." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10103/document.

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Certaines opérations de maintenance sur sites industriels nécessitent une planification à partir de modèles numériques 3D des scènes où se déroulent les interventions. Pour permettre la simulation de ces opérations, les modèles 3D utilisés doivent représenter fidèlement la réalité du terrain. Ces représentations virtuelles sont habituellement construites à partir de nuages de points relevés sur le site, constituant une description métrologique exacte de l’environnement sans toutefois fournir une description géométrique de haut niveau.Il existe une grande quantité de travaux abordant le problème de la reconstruction de modèles 3D à partir de nuages de points, mais peu sont en mesure de fournir des résultats suffisamment fiables dans un contexte industriel et cette tâche nécessite en pratique l’intervention d’opérateurs humains.Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse visent l’automatisation de la reconstruction,avec comme principal objectif la fiabilité des résultats obtenus à l’issu du processus. Au vu de la complexité de ce problème, nous proposons d’exploiter des connaissances et données a priori pour guider la reconstruction. Le premier a priori concerne la compositiondes modèles 3D : en Conception Assistée par Ordinateur (CAO), les scènes industrielles sont couramment décrites comme des assemblages de primitives géométriques simples telles que les plans, sphères, cylindres, cônes, tores, etc. Nous hiérarchisons l’analyse en traitant dans un premier temps les plans et les cylindres, comme un préalable à la détection de stores. On obtient ainsi une description fiable des principaux composants d’intérêt dans les environnements industriels. Nous proposons en outre d’exploiter un certain nombre de règles régissant la manière dont ces primitives s’assemblent en un modèle CAO, basées surdes connaissances ”métier” caractérisant les scènes industrielles que nous traitons. De plus,nous tirons parti d’un modèle CAO existant d´ecrivant une scène similaire à celle que nous souhaitons reconstruire, provenant typiquement de la reconstruction antérieure d’un site semblable au site d’intérêt. Bien que semblables en théorie, ces scènes peuvent présenterdes différences significatives qui s’accentuent au cours de leur exploitation.La méthode que nous développons se fonde sur une formulation Bayésienne du problème de reconstruction : il s’agit de retrouver le modèle CAO le plus probable vis à visdes différentes attentes portées par les données et les a priori sur le modèle à reconstruire. Les diverses sources d’a priori s’expriment naturellement dans cette formulation. Pour permettre la recherche du modèle CAO optimal, nous proposons une approche basée surdes tentatives d’insertion d’objets générés aléatoirement. L’acceptation ou le rejet de ces objets repose ensuite sur l’am´elioration systématique de la solution en cours de construction. Le modèle CAO se construit ainsi progressivement, par ajout et suppression d’objets, jusqu’à obtention d’une solution localement optimale<br>3D models are often used in order to plan the maintenance of industrial environments.When it comes to the simulation of maintenance interventions, these 3D models have todescribe accurately the actual state of the scenes they stand for. These representationsare usually built from 3D point clouds that are huge set of 3D measurements acquiredin industrial sites, which guarantees the accuracy of the resulting 3D model. Althoughthere exists many works addressing the reconstruction problem, there is no solution toour knowledge which can provide results that are reliable enough to be further used inindustrial applications. Therefore this task is in fact handled by human experts nowadays.This thesis aims at providing a solution automating the reconstruction of industrialsites from 3D point clouds and providing highly reliable results. For that purpose, ourapproach relies on some available a priori knowledge and data about the scene to beprocessed. First, we consider that the 3D models of industrial sites are made of simpleprimitive shapes. Indeed, in the Computer Aided Design (CAD) field, this kind of scenesare described as assemblies of shapes such as planes, spheres, cylinders, cones, tori, . . . Ourown work focuses on planes, cylinders and tori since these three kind of shapes allow thedescription of most of the main components in industrial environment. Furthermore, weset some a priori rules about the way shapes should be assembled in a CAD model standingfor an industrial facility, which are based on expert knowledge about these environments.Eventually, we suppose that a CAD model standing for a scene which is similar to theone to be processed is available. This a priori CAO model typically comes from the priorreconstruction of a scene which looks like the one we are interested in. Despite the factthat they are similar theoretically, there may be significant differences between the sitessince each one has its own life cycle.Our work first states the reconstruction task as a Bayesian problem in which we haveto find the most probable CAD Model with respect to both the point cloud and the a prioriexpectations. In order to reach the CAD model maximizing the target probability, wepropose an iterative approach which improves the solution under construction each time anew randomly generated shape is tried to be inserted in it. Thus, the CAD model is builtstep by step by adding and removing shapes, until the algorithm gets to a local maximumof the target probability
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Pamias, Romero Jorge. "Soluciones Customizadas en Reconstrucción Mandibular con Injerto Microvascularizado de Peroné y su Influencia en la Calidad de Vida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672608.

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La tècnica clàssica per a la reconstrucció mandibular emprant empelt microvascularitzat de peroné implicava en bona mesura la utilització de tècniques de remodelació manual de l’empelt emprant plantilles dissenyades en dues dimensions (2D) amb mesures obtingudes a mà alçada i amb el modelatge manual de les plaques per a la fixació de l’empelt de peroné, que es duia a terme d’una forma artesanal durant el procediment quirúrgic. Al llarg de l’última dècada, i com a conseqüència del desenvolupament de les noves tecnologies, s’ha produït l’aplicació de la cirurgia virtual i del disseny assistit per ordinador (CAD: Computer-Aided Design) a tots els camps de la cirurgia maxil·lofacial, i més específicament en la reconstrucció mandibular. Aquesta tecnologia ha demostrat una millora de l’eficiència, la precisió i la reproduïbilitat en la cirurgia reconstructiva i ha proporcionat els mitjans per generar diferents dispositius i guies quirúrgiques, així com per dur a terme prototips ràpids de models (models de resina estereolitogràfics) sobre els quals poden modelar-se plaques o implants de titani abans de l’operació per al seu posterior ús intraoperatori. Una de les últimes innovacions en el camp de la tecnologia assistida per ordinador en la reconstrucció mandibular ha tingut lloc a través del procés de fabricació assistida per ordinador (CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing) amb l’adveniment del titani –imprès en 3D–, que ha permès la impressió de plaques de reconstrucció totalment a mida i personalitzades per al pacient. La impressió de les plaques de titani permet una transició automatitzada i directa del disseny (CAD) a la fabricació assistida per ordinador (CAM), cosa que redueix encara més la introducció d’errors humans en les etapes de fabricació finals, com a conseqüència del modelatge de la placa sobre un model estereolitogràfic. Per aquest motiu, amb aquesta tecnologia es podrien reduir encara més els temps quirúrgics i la freqüència de les complicacions, així com obtenir una reconstrucció més precisa. Amb aquesta tesi es pretén dur a terme una anàlisi exhaustiva d’una sèrie de pacients en els quals es van emprar plaques de titani impreses especifiques per a cada pacient en la reconstrucció mandibular amb empelt microvascularitzat de peroné. La tesi conclou que la reconstrucció mandibular amb tecnologia CAD-CAM emprant plaques de reconstrucció personalitzades és una tècnica que mostra estabilitat dels resultats al llarg del temps, i segura pel que fa a temps quirúrgics i d’isquèmia, complicacions i dies d’hospitalització, i una tècnica que mostra uns bons resultats en termes de qualitat de vida. A més a més, la tesi conclou que és possible descriure un protocol que permeti un flux de treball eficaç i eficient per tal de treballar amb tecnologia CAD-CAM en un hospital terciari.<br>La técnica clásica para la reconstrucción mandibular usando injerto microvascularizado de peroné implicaba en gran medida la utilización de técnicas de remodelado manual del injerto utilizando plantillas diseñadas en dos dimensiones (2D) con medidas obtenidas a mano alzada y con el modelado manual de las placas para la fijación del injerto de peroné, que se realizaba de una forma artesanal durante el procedimiento quirúrgico. En la última década, y debido al desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías, se ha producido la aplicación de la cirugía virtual y el diseño asistido por ordenador (CAD: Computer-Aided Design) en todos los campos de la cirugía maxilofacial y más específicamente en la reconstrucción mandibular. Esta tecnología ha demostrado mejorar la eficiencia, la precisión y la reproducibilidad en la cirugía reconstructiva y ha proporcionado los medios para generar diferentes dispositivos y guías quirúrgicas así como realizar prototipos rápidos de modelos (modelos de resina estereolitográficos) sobre los cuales pueden modelarse placas o implantes de titanio antes de la operación para su posterior uso intraoperatorio. Una de las últimas innovaciones en el campo de la tecnología asistida por ordenador en la reconstrucción mandibular se ha producido a través del proceso de fabricación asistida por ordenador (CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing) con el advenimiento del titanio “impreso en 3D”, que ha permitido la impresión de placas de reconstrucción totalmente a medida y personalizadas para el paciente. La impresión de las placas de titanio permite una transición automatizada y directa del diseño (CAD) a la fabricación asistida por ordenador (CAM), lo que reduce aún más la introducción de errores humanos en las etapas de fabricación finales debido al modelado de la placa sobre un modelo estereolitográfico; por ello, con esta tecnología se podrían reducir aún más los tiempos quirúrgicos y la frecuencia de las complicaciones, así como obtener una reconstrucción más precisa. Con la presente tesis se pretende realizar un análisis exhaustivo de una serie de pacientes en los que se utilizaron placas de titanio impresas específicas para cada paciente en la reconstrucción mandibular con injerto microvascularizado de peroné. La tesis concluye que la reconstrucción mandibular con tecnología CAD-CAM utilizando placas de reconstrucción personalizadas es una técnica que muestra estabilidad de los resultados en el tiempo, y segura en cuanto a tiempos quirúrgicos y de isquemia, complicaciones y días de hospitalización, y una técnica que muestra unos buenos resultados en cuanto a calidad de vida. Además, la tesis concluye que resulta posible describir un protocolo que permita un flujo de trabajo eficaz y eficiente para trabajar con tecnología CAD-CAM en un hospital terciario.<br>The classical technique for mandibular reconstruction using a vascularized fibula flap involved to a great extent using manual modelling techniques on the flap using 2D-designed templates. Dimensions were obtained manually, and plates for locking the fibula flap were also modelled manually in a hand-made process that was performed during the surgical process. Over the last decade, given the development of new technologies, virtual surgery and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) have been applied to all maxillofacial surgery fields, specifically in mandibular reconstruction. This technology has been shown to improve efficiency, accuracy and reproducibility in reconstructive surgery, and has provided the means to generate several devices and surgical guides, and to created model rapid prototypes (stereolithographic resin models) on which to model plates or titanium implants –to be used over the surgical proces– before surgery. One of the latest innovations in computer-assisted technology involved in mandibular reconstruction has been achieved through the Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) process, with the emergence of 3D-printed titanium, which allowed for printing reconstruction plates that are completely customized and tailored to the patient. Printing titanium plates allows for an automated, straightforward transition from design computer-assisted design (CAD) to computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM), which helps further avoid human mistakes in the final manufacturing steps, as the plate is modelled on a stereolithographic model. For this reason, this technology would bring about a further decrease in surgical time and frequency of surgical complications, and would also help increase the accuracy of reconstructions. The aim of this thesis is to perform a comprehensive analysis of a series of patients in which custom-made, patient-specific titanium plates for mandibular reconstruction with microvascularized fibula flap. The thesis concludes that mandibular reconstruction with CAD-CAM technology using custom-made reconstruction plates is a technique that provide stable results over time; it is a safe technique in terms of surgical times, ischemia times, complications and length of hospital stay, and a technique where good quality-of-life results are obtained. Besides, the thesis concludes that it is possible to describe a protocol that allows for an effective and efficient workflow in order to work with CAD-CAM technology in a tertiary hospital.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Cirurgia i Ciències Morfològiques
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Sembdner, Philipp. "Rechnergestützte Planung und Rekonstruktion für individuelle Langzeit-Knochenimplantate am Beispiel des Unterkiefers." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-220272.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Methoden und Werkzeugen zur Bereitstellung von Modellen und Randbedingungen für die Konstruktion individueller Langzeit-Knochenimplantate (Konstruktionsvorbereitung). Grundlage dabei ist, dass die Planung aus medizinischer Sicht z.B. durch einen Chirurgen und die Konstruktion unter technischen Aspekten z.B. durch einen Konstrukteur getrennt erfolgt. Hierfür wird ein erarbeitetes Planungskonzept vorgestellt, welches sowohl die geplanten geometrischen Merkmale, als auch weiterführende Metadaten beinhaltet (Randbedingungen). Die Übergabe dieser Planungsdaten an die Konstruktion erfolgt über eine dafür entworfene Formatbeschreibung im Kontext der Schnittstelle zwischen Mediziner und Ingenieur. Weiterführend wird die Notwendigkeit von speziellen Funktionen für die Konstruktion von individuellen Implantaten in der Arbeitsumgebung des Konstrukteurs (z.B. Modelliersystem – CAD) am Beispiel der konturlinienbasierten Modellrekonstruktion erörtert. Die gesamtheitliche Basis bildet eine durchgängig digitale Prozesskette zur Datenaufbereitung, Konstruktion und Fertigung. Die Anwendbarkeit der Methoden und zweier umgesetzter Demonstratoren wurde innerhalb eines interdisziplinär angelegten Projektes am realen Patientenfall bestätigt.
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Stockley, Edward William. "Three-dimensional reconstruction and electronic modelling of CA1 hippocampal neurones." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295927.

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