Relevant bibliographies by topics / CAD Reader

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'CAD Reader'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CAD Reader"

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Yongping, Liang, Ping Zhou, Zhang Juan, Zhao Yongfeng, Wengang Liu, and Yifan Shi. "Performance of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Ultrasonography for Detection of Breast Lesions Less and More Than 2 cm: Prospective Comparative Study." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): e16334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16334.

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Background Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is used as an aid tool by radiologists on breast lesion diagnosis in ultrasonography. Previous studies demonstrated that CAD can improve the diagnosis performance of radiologists. However, the optimal use of CAD on breast lesions according to size (below or above 2 cm) has not been assessed. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the performance of different radiologists using CAD to detect breast tumors less and more than 2 cm in size. Methods We prospectively enrolled 261 consecutive patients (mean age 43 years; age range 17-70 years), including 398 lesions (148 lesions>2 cm, 79 malignant and 69 benign; 250 lesions≤2 cm, 71 malignant and 179 benign) with breast mass as the prominent symptom. One novice radiologist with 1 year of ultrasonography experience and one experienced radiologist with 5 years of ultrasonography experience were each assigned to read the ultrasonography images without CAD, and then again at a second reading while applying the CAD S-Detect. We then compared the diagnostic performance of the readers in the two readings (without and combined with CAD) with breast imaging. The McNemar test for paired data was used for statistical analysis. Results For the novice reader, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) improved from 0.74 (95% CI 0.67-0.82) from the without-CAD mode to 0.88 (95% CI 0.83-0.93; P<.001) at the combined-CAD mode in lesions≤2 cm. For the experienced reader, the AUC improved from 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.90) to 0.90 (95% CI 0.86-0.94; P=.002). In lesions>2 cm, the AUC moderately decreased from 0.81 to 0.80 (novice reader) and from 0.90 to 0.82 (experienced reader). The sensitivity of the novice and experienced reader in lesions≤2 cm improved from 61.97% and 73.23% at the without-CAD mode to 90.14% and 97.18% (both P<.001) at the combined-CAD mode, respectively. Conclusions S-Detect is a feasible diagnostic tool that can improve the sensitivity for both novice and experienced readers, while also improving the negative predictive value and AUC for lesions≤2 cm, demonstrating important application value in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800019649; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33094
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Yongping, Liang, Zhang Juan, Ping Zhou, Zhao Yongfeng, Wengang Liu, and Yifan Shi. "Evaluation of the Quadri-Planes Method in Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Lesions by Ultrasonography: Prospective Single-Center Study." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): e18251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18251.

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Background Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a tool that can help radiologists diagnose breast lesions by ultrasonography. Previous studies have demonstrated that CAD can help reduce the incidence of missed diagnoses by radiologists. However, the optimal method to apply CAD to breast lesions using diagnostic planes has not been assessed. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the performance of radiologists with different levels of experience when using CAD with the quadri-planes method to detect breast tumors. Methods From November 2018 to October 2019, we enrolled patients in the study who had a breast mass as their most prominent symptom. We assigned 2 ultrasound radiologists (with 1 and 5 years of experience, respectively) to read breast ultrasonography images without CAD and then to perform a second reading while applying CAD with the quadri-planes method. We then compared the diagnostic performance of the readers for the 2 readings (without and with CAD). The McNemar test for paired data was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 331 patients were included in this study (mean age 43.88 years, range 17-70, SD 12.10), including 512 lesions (mean diameter 1.85 centimeters, SD 1.19; range 0.26-9.5); 200/512 (39.1%) were malignant, and 312/512 (60.9%) were benign. For CAD, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) improved significantly from 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.79) with the cross-planes method to 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.88; P<.001) with the quadri-planes method. For the novice reader, the AUC significantly improved from 0.73 (95% CI 0.69-0.78) for the without-CAD mode to 0.83 (95% CI 0.80-0.87; P<.001) for the combined-CAD mode with the quadri-planes method. For the experienced reader, the AUC improved from 0.85 (95% CI 0.81-0.88) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.84-0.91; P=.15). The kappa indicating consistency between the experienced reader and the novice reader for the combined-CAD mode was 0.63. For the novice reader, the sensitivity significantly improved from 60.0% for the without-CAD mode to 79.0% for the combined-CAD mode (P=.004). The specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy improved from 84.9% to 87.8% (P=.53), 76.8% to 86.7% (P=.07), 71.9% to 80.6% (P=.13), and 75.2% to 84.4% (P=.12), respectively. For the experienced reader, the sensitivity improved significantly from 76.0% for the without-CAD mode to 87.0% for the combined-CAD mode (P=.045). The NPV and accuracy moderately improved from 85.8% and 86.3% to 91.0% (P=.27) and 87.0% (P=.84), respectively. The specificity and positive predictive value decreased from 87.4% to 81.3% (P=.25) and from 87.2% to 93.0% (P=.16), respectively. Conclusions S-Detect is a feasible diagnostic tool that can improve the sensitivity, accuracy, and AUC of the quadri-planes method for both novice and experienced readers while also improving the specificity for the novice reader. It demonstrates important application value in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. Trial Registration ChiCTR.org.cn 1800019649; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33094
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Chu, Gregory H., Matthew S. Brown, Hyun J. Kim, Andrew Kaplan, Katherine Yang, Martin Allen-Auerbach, Cheryce Poon, et al. "Computer-aided bone scan lesion area quantitation: Inter-reader measurement variability." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e16019-e16019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16019.

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e16019 Background: Bone scan is essential for response assessment in subjects with metastatic prostate cancer. However, visual assessment is subjective and prone to inter-reader variability. A commercial computer-aided (CAD) system for bone scan lesion area (BSLA) calculation has been developed (MedQIA, LLC). BSLA provides an objective and sensitive measure for response assessment. New VEGF treatments showing promising results in reducing lesion burden on bone scan present an urgent need for validated systems capable of accurately assessing treatment response. Measurement of inter reader variability is fundamental to such a validation. In this work we measure inter-reader variability in quantitation of BSLA change using the CAD system. Methods: In a multi-center clinical trial of cabozantinib (Exelixis, Inc), bone scans were acquired according to a standardized imaging protocol. Scans at baseline and Week 12 were available for 113 subjects for this analysis. Automated CAD lesion detection was performed following image intensity normalization to increase consistency between subject time points. Two nuclear medicine physicians independently edited and approved the CAD result as needed, primarily to remove false positives due to degenerative joint disease. The system then calculated the percent change in BSLA at Week 12 from baseline (BSLAPCT). The BLSAPCT values from the two readers were compared to assess inter-reader variability. Additional analytic validation of the BSLA measure was performed in which the readers provided a categorical assessment of responder vs non-responder, using the CAD-normalized images, and the classification performance of BSLAPCT was assessed using ROC analysis. Results: The median (IQR) difference in BSLAPCT between the two readers was -1.8 (20.0) percentage points. The absolute difference was 9.4 (23.9) percentage points. The BSLAPCT response classification had an ROC area under curve (AUC) of 0.96 for both readers. Conclusions: Computer-aided quantitative assessment of change using bone scan lesion area demonstrated low variability between two readers. This is an important step toward the validation of an objective, quantitative, and sensitive response assessment technique.
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Gallas, Brandon D., and David G. Brown. "Reader studies for validation of CAD systems." Neural Networks 21, no. 2-3 (March 2008): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2007.12.013.

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Koshkin, Vadim S., J. Louis Hinshaw, Kristen Wroblewski, and Abraham H. Dachman. "CAD-associated Reader Error in CT Colonography." Academic Radiology 19, no. 7 (July 2012): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2012.03.008.

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White, Charles S., Robert Pugatch, Thomas Koonce, Steven W. Rust, and Ekta Dharaiya. "Lung Nodule CAD Software as a Second Reader." Academic Radiology 15, no. 3 (March 2008): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2007.09.027.

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Lee, Jeongmin, Sanghee Kim, Bong Joo Kang, Sung Hun Kim, and Ga Eun Park. "Evaluation of the effect of computer aided diagnosis system on breast ultrasound for inexperienced radiologists in describing and determining breast lesions." Medical Ultrasonography 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-1889.

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Aim: To investigate the effect of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system on breast ultrasound (US) for inexperienced radiologists in describing and determining breast lesions.Materials and methods: Between October 2015 to January 2017, 500 suspicious or probable benign lesions in 413 patients were reviewed. Five experienced readers retrospectively reviewed for each of 100 lesions according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon and category, with CAD system (S-detectTM). The readers then made final decisions by combining CAD results to their US results. Using the nested experiment design, five inexperienced readers were asked to select the appropriate BI-RADS lexicons, categories, CAD results, and combination results for each of the 100 lesions, retrospectively. Diagnostic performance of experienced and inexperienced radiologists and CAD were assessed. For each case, agreements in the lexicons and categories were analyzed among the experienced reader, inexperienced reader and CAD.Results: Indicators of the diagnostic performance for breast malignancy of the experienced group (AUC=0.83, 95%CI [0.80, 0.86]) were similar or higher than those of CAD (AUC = 0.79, 95%CI[0.74, 0.83], p=0.101), except for specificity. Conversely, indicators of diagnostic performance of inexperienced group (AUC=0.65, 95%CI[0.58, 0.71]) did not differ from or were lower than those of CAD(AUC=0.73, 95%CI[0.67, 0.78], p=0.013). Also, the diagnostic performance of the inexperienced group after combination with the CAD result was significantly improved (0.71, 95% CI [0.65, 0.77], p=0.001), whereas that of the experienced group did not change after combination with the CAD result, except for specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). Kappa values for the agreement of the categorization between CAD and each radiologist group were increased after applying the CAD result to their result of general US. Especially, the increase of the Kappa value was higher in the inexperienced group than in the experienced group. Also, for all the lexicons, the Kappa values between the experienced group and CAD were higher than those between the inexperienced group and CAD.Conclusion: By using the CAD system for classification of breast lesions, diagnostic performance of the inexperienced radiologists for malignancy was significantly improved, and better agreement was observed in lexicons between the experienced group and CAD than between the inexperienced group and CAD. CAD may be beneficial and educational for the inexperienced group.
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Chen, Meng, Ximing Wang, Guangyu Hao, Xujie Cheng, Chune Ma, Ning Guo, Su Hu, Qing Tao, Feirong Yao, and Chunhong Hu. "Diagnostic performance of deep learning-based vascular extraction and stenosis detection technique for coronary artery disease." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1113 (September 1, 2020): 20191028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20191028.

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Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of deep learning (DL)-based vascular extraction and stenosis detection technology in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: The diagnostic performance of DL technology was evaluated by retrospective analysis of coronary computed tomography angiography in 124 suspected CAD patients, using invasive coronary angiography as reference standard. Lumen diameter stenosis ≥50% was considered obstructive, and the diagnostic performances were evaluated at per-patient, per-vessel and per-segment levels. The diagnostic performances between DL model and reader model were compared by the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs). Results: In patient-based analysis, AUC of 0.78 was obtained by DL model to detect obstructive CAD [sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 63%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 59%], While AUC by reader model was 0.74 (sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 93%, negative predictive value of 73%). In vessel-based analysis, the AUCs of DL model and reader model were 0.87 and 0.89 respectively. In segment-based analysis, the AUCs of 0.84 and 0.89 were obtained by DL model and reader model respectively. It took 0.47 min to analyze all segments per patient by DL model, which is significantly less than reader model (29.65 min) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The DL technology can accurately and effectively identify obstructive CAD, with less time-consuming, and it could be a reliable diagnostic tool to detect CAD. Advances in knowledge: The DL technology has valuable prospect with the diagnostic ability to detect CAD.
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Sohns, Christian, Besim Cetin Angic, Samuel Sossalla, Frank Konietschke, and Silvia Obenauer. "CAD in full-field digital mammography—influence of reader experience and application of CAD on interpretation of time." Clinical Imaging 34, no. 6 (November 2010): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2009.10.039.

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Wu, Ming-Hsun, Kuen-Yuan Chen, Shyang-Rong Shih, Ming-Chih Ho, Hao-Chih Tai, King-Jen Chang, Argon Chen, and Chiung-Nien Chen. "Multi-Reader Multi-Case Study for Performance Evaluation of High-Risk Thyroid Ultrasound with Computer-Aided Detection." Cancers 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020373.

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Physicians use sonographic characteristics as a reference for the possible diagnosis of thyroid cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether physicians were more effective in their tentative diagnosis based on the information provided by a computer-aided detection (CAD) system. A computer compared software-defined and physician-adjusted tumor loci. A multicenter, multireader, and multicase (MRMC) study was designed to compare clinician performance without and with the use of CAD. Interobserver variability was also analyzed. Excellent, satisfactory, and poor segmentations were observed in 25.3%, 58.9%, and 15.8% of nodules, respectively. There were 200 patients with 265 nodules in the study set. Nineteen physicians scored the malignancy potential of the nodules. The average area under the curve (AUC) of all readers was 0.728 without CAD and significantly increased to 0.792 with CAD. The average standard deviation of the malignant potential score significantly decreased from 18.97 to 16.29. The mean malignant potential score significantly decreased from 35.01 to 31.24 for benign cases. With the CAD system, an additional 7.6% of malignant nodules would be suggested for further evaluation, and biopsy would not be recommended for an additional 10.8% of benign nodules. The results demonstrated that applying a CAD system would improve clinicians’ interpretations and lessen the variability in diagnosis. However, more studies are needed to explore the use of the CAD system in an actual ultrasound diagnostic situation where much more benign thyroid nodules would be seen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CAD Reader"

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Krejčík, Jan. "Funkce Sinumeriku Operate při programování CNC obráběcích strojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444266.

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The diploma thesis is focused on possibilities of spline approximation and interpolation of CAD imported by CAD Reader to control system. First chapter describes mathematical meaning of curves, the second chapter shows possibilities of approximation and interpolation in control system Sinumerik 840D and the third chapter applies these possibilities on practical example.
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Lacerda, Ivan Max Freire de. "Adapta??o eletr?nica de um leitor mec?nico de coto, investiga??o e desenvolvimento de interface CAD." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15564.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanMFL.pdf: 663615 bytes, checksum: a9a612a8d366a8eadb51a7b7c58984a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20
Due to advances in the manufacturing process of orthopedic prostheses, the need for better quality shape reading techniques (i.e. with less uncertainty) of the residual limb of amputees became a challenge. To overcome these problems means to be able in obtaining accurate geometry information of the limb and, consequently, better manufacturing processes of both transfemural and transtibial prosthetic sockets. The key point for this task is to customize these readings trying to be as faithful as possible to the real profile of each patient. Within this context, firstly two prototype versions (α and β) of a 3D mechanical scanner for reading residual limbs shape based on reverse engineering techniques were designed. Prototype β is an improved version of prototype α, despite remaining working in analogical mode. Both prototypes are capable of producing a CAD representation of the limb via appropriated graphical sheets and were conceived to work purely by mechanical means. The first results were encouraging as they were able to achieve a great decrease concerning the degree of uncertainty of measurements when compared to traditional methods that are very inaccurate and outdated. For instance, it's not unusual to see these archaic methods in action by making use of ordinary home kind measure-tapes for exploring the limb's shape. Although prototype β improved the readings, it still required someone to input the plotted points (i.e. those marked in disk shape graphical sheets) to an academic CAD software called OrtoCAD. This task is performed by manual typing which is time consuming and carries very limited reliability. Furthermore, the number of coordinates obtained from the purely mechanical system is limited to sub-divisions of the graphical sheet (it records a point every 10 degrees with a resolution of one millimeter). These drawbacks were overcome by designing the second release of prototype β in which it was developed an electronic variation of the reading table components now capable of performing an automatic reading (i.e. no human intervention in digital mode). An interface software (i.e. drive) was built to facilitate data transfer. Much better results were obtained meaning less degree of uncertainty (it records a point every 2 degrees with a resolution of 1/10 mm). Additionally, it was proposed an algorithm to convert the CAD geometry, used by OrtoCAD, to an appropriate format and enabling the use of rapid prototyping equipment aiming future automation of the manufacturing process of prosthetic sockets.
Devido aos avan?os no processo de fabrica??o de pr?teses ortop?dicas, a necessidade de uma melhor qualidade t?cnica na leitura da forma (i.e., com menos incertezas) da parte residual dos amputados tornou-se um desafio. Para superar esses problemas ? necess?rio ser capaz de obter informa??es precisas da geometria do membro e, consequentemente, melhorar os processos de fabrica??o de pr?teses e cartuchos transfemurais e transtibiais. O ponto-chave para esta tarefa ? personalizar essas leituras tentando ser o mais fiel poss?vel ao verdadeiro perfil de cada paciente. Dentro deste contexto, duas vers?es (α e β) de um prot?tipo de um scanner 3D mec?nico para ler forma residual de membros com base em t?cnicas de engenharia reversa foram concebidas. Prot?tipo β ? uma vers?o melhorada do prot?tipo α, apesar de ainda trabalhar em modo anal?gico. Ambos os prot?tipos s?o capazes de produzir uma representa??o CAD do membro atrav?s de apropriada planilha gr?fica e foram concebidos para funcionar exclusivamente atrav?s de meios mec?nicos. Os primeiros resultados foram encorajadores, uma vez que foram capazes de conseguir uma grande redu??o em rela??o ao grau de incerteza das medi??es quando comparadas com as dos m?todos tradicionais, que s?o muito imprecisas e desatualizadas. Por exemplo, n?o ? incomum ver estes m?todos arcaicos sendo usados utilizando fitas m?tricas caseiras para medir a forma da perna do paciente. Embora o prot?tipo β tenha melhorado as leituras, ainda ? necess?rio algu?m para introduzir os pontos plotados (i.e., aqueles marcados na planilha em formato de disco gr?fico) para um software acad?mico CAD chamado OrtoCAD. Esta tarefa ? realizada por digita??o manual, que ? morosa e tem confiabilidade limitada. Al?m disso, o n?mero de coordenadas obtidas a partir do sistema puramente mec?nico ? limitado ?s subdivis?es do disco gr?fico (ele grava um ponto a cada 10 graus com uma resolu??o de um mil?metro). Estes inconvenientes foram resolvidos na concep??o da segunda vers?o do prot?tipo β, na qual foi desenvolvida uma adapta??o eletr?nica, tornando-o capaz de realizar uma leitura autom?tica (i.e., sem interven??o humana no modo digital). Um software de interface (i.e., driver), foi desenvolvido para facilitar a transfer?ncia de dados. Resultados muito melhores foram obtidos significando menor grau de incerteza (ele registra um ponto a cada 2 graus com uma resolu??o de 1/10 mm). Al?m disso, foi proposto um algoritmo para converter a geometria CAD, utilizada pelo OrtoCAD, para um formato adequado e que permita a utiliza??o de equipamento de prototipagem r?pida destinado a uma futura automa??o do processo de fabrica??o dos cartuchos de pr?teses.
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Junges, Janaína. "Pirólise de madeira tratada com CCA em reator de leito fixo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1079.

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Os postes de madeira da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica são tratados com preservantes para aumentar sua vida útil. Dentre os diversos tipos de preservantes de madeira disponíveis no mercado, o mais utilizado é o arseniato de cobre cromatado (CCA), tendo em vista a sua elevada eficiência para preservar a madeira. A presença de metais nestes preservantes exige uma destinação adequada ao fim da vida útil do poste. O presente estudo propõe a utilização do processo de pirólise como uma alternativa para a destinação final dos postes de madeira removidos da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica. A pirólise da madeira tratada com CCA promove a liberação de compostos voláteis perigosos devido à presença dos metais (Cr/Cu/As) em sua composição. Com o intuito de minimizar estas emissões, reagentes de baixo custo (a base de cálcio) podem ser utilizados durante o processo pirolítico. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes parâmetros de operação (temperatura, tempo de isoterma, taxa de aquecimento, razão madeira/CaO e velocidade superficial) sobre a retenção dos metais no char da madeira tratada com CCA, bem como a influência dos compostos de cálcio sobre o poder calorífico do gás combustível gerado no processo de pirólise. A caracterização da madeira tratada com CCA indicou diferenças na composição química das frações testadas (C1-alburno externo, C2-alburno interno e C3-cerne), especialmente no teor de metais. As análises para a determinação da distribuição de metais indicaram que a concentração de compostos metálicos tende à zero na linha central do poste, de forma que a elevada concentração de metais está localizada na fração externa do poste. Na análise imediata, foi observado um teor mais elevado de cinzas na fração externa da madeira. Na Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) a madeira com CCA apresentou bandas similares a de uma biomassa convencional. Na Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), observaram-se picos próximos a 276 e 354 ºC, referentes à degradação térmica das hemiceluloses e da celulose, respectivamente. A energia de ativação determinada pelo método de Kissinger foi próxima a 156 kJ·mol-1. A Ea média calculada no método de Flynn-Wall-Ozama foi de aproximadamente 153 kJ·mol-1 para C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 para C2 e 170 kJ·mol-1 para C3. Os mecanismos de reação no estado sólido verificados no método de Criado foram comandados, em sua maioria, por processos de difusão. Sob condições controladas de operação, (temperatura, tempo de residência e vazão de ar) o carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) foi calcinado visando a obtenção de óxido de cálcio (CaO) com elevada área superficial. Os ensaios preliminares de calcinação indicaram que o CaO com maior área superficial foi obtido a 850 ºC com um tempo de residência de 5 min. Na primeira série de ensaios de pirólise verificou-se que à medida que CaO foi adicionado ao sistema, a emissão de metais e a produção de óleo foram inferiores. No segundo lote dos ensaios de pirólise, os efeitos preponderantes para a retenção dos metais no char foram a granulometria elevada das partículas, a adição de CaO e a taxa de aquecimento. Devido à adição de CaO, obteve-se menor concentração de CO2 e foi produzido um gás combustível com poder calorífico próximo a 25 MJ·Nm-3.
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Wooden poles of the electricity distribution network are treated with preservatives to increase their shelf life. Among the various types of wood preservatives available on the market, the most used is the chromated copper arsenate (CCA), due to its high efficiency for preserving wood. The presence of metals in these preservatives requires proper disposal at the end of pole life. This study proposes the use of pyrolysis process (under controlled conditions) as an alternative to wooden poles disposal after removed from the electricity distribution network. The pyrolysis of CCA treated wood promotes the release of dangerous volatile compounds due to the presence of metals (Cr/Cu/As) in its composition. In order to minimize these emissions, low cost reagents (based on calcium) can be used during the pyrolytic process. In this work, the effect of different operating parameters (temperature, residence time, heating rate, wood/CaO ratio and superficial velocity) on the retention of metals in the char was evaluated, as well as the influence of calcium compounds on the calorific value of the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis process. The characterization of CCA treated wood indicated differences in the chemical composition of the tested fractions (C1-sapwood, C2- outer core and C3-cord), especially in the metal content. The metals distribution analysis indicated that the concentration of metallic compounds tend to zero at the center of the pole, so the high concentration of metal is located on the outer portion. In the proximate analysis, a higher ash content on the outer portion was observed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed bands very similar to a conventional biomass. In Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) peaks centered at 276 and 354 ºC were observed, relating to thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose respectively. The activation energy determined by the Kissinger method was approximately 156 kJ·mol-1. The mean activation energy by the Flynn-Wall-Ozama method was 153 kJ·mol-1 for C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 for C2 and 170 kJ·mol-1 for C3. The degradation reaction mechanism determined by using the Criado is mostly controlled by diffusion processes. Under controlled operating conditions (temperature, residence time and air flow) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was heated in order to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) with a higher surface area. Preliminary tests indicated that the calcination of CaO with greater surface area was obtained at 850 ºC with a residence time of 5 min. In the first series of pyrolysis tests, as CaO was added to the system, lesser metals emission and oil yield were observed. In the second set of pyrolysis tests, the relevant effects identified on the retention of metals was the high particle size of the wood, the addition of CaO and the heating rate. Due to the addition of CaO, the CO2 concentration was reduced and it was produced a combustible gas with a calorific value close to 25 MJ·Nm-3.
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Costa, Ivonete Ferreira da. "INTERTEXTUALIZAÇÃO NA OBRA DE MARINA COLASANTI: O TEAR E O TECIDO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3563.

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The text brings the analysis of aspects of the literary discourse as the processes of construction of the scenes and the magical universe, in which the narratives of Marina Colasanti are realized, having as it shows the tales of the works Doze reis e a moca no labirinto do vento (2006): "The woman ramada", Uma ideia toda azul (2006): "Beyond the frame", "Between the leaves of green ó" and "Yarn after yarn". The general and specific objectives are to highlight and distinguish the encompassing and generic scenes present in the narratives, to identify the nature of the verbal sign in its relation to the nonverbal sign, and to analyze intertext resources, paratext, among others, as an artistic procedure. The narrative plans are approached, in which the characters are realized mimically, starting from the initial assumption formulated by Dominique Maingueneau. Non-verbal language is an invitation to read verbal language and vice versa. Both are associated with the signs that are constructed through the textual writing: loom and fabric. They can be seen now either explicitly or implicitly, and put in the service of a power that is realized by the act of reading. Thus, in the narrative text, there are traces of a speech in which the text is staged.
O texto traz a análise de aspectos do discurso literário como os processos de construção das cenas e o universo mágico, em que se realizam as narrativas de Marina Colasanti, tendo como mostra os contos das obras Doze reis e a moca no labirinto do vento (2006): “A mulher ramada”, Uma ideia toda azul (2006): “Além do bastidor”, “Entre as folhas do verde ó” e “Fio após fio”. Os objetivos geral e específicos são destacar e distinguir as cenas englobante e genérica presentes nas narrativas, identificar a natureza do signo verbal na sua relação com o signo não verbal e analisar recursos de intertexto, paratexto, entre outros, como procedimento artístico. Abordam-se os planos narrativos, nos quais se dá a realização dos personagens mimeticamente, partindo do pressuposto inicial formulado por Dominique Maingueneau. A linguagem não verbal é um convite à leitura da linguagem verbal e vice-versa. Ambas se associam aos signos que se constroem por meio da escritura textual: tear e tecido. Elas podem ser vistas ora de modo explícito, ora implícito, e se colocam a serviço de um poder que se realiza pelo ato de leitura. Assim, no texto narrativo, há rastros de um discurso em que o texto é encenado.
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Zhu, Shijun. "Nonstandard reamer CAD/CAE/CAM integrated system." Thèse, 2006. http://constellation.uqac.ca/133/1/030122581.pdf.

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The Chinese economy has increased quickly and continuously in recent years. Manufacturing is an important part of Chinese industry. The enhancement of modem manufacturing technology is becoming an important issue. The aim of the present thesis is to develop nonstandard (over-stiff) tools5 CAD/CAE/CAPP/CAM integrated system. This will involve integrating modern information technology, manufacturing technology and management technology. The thesis objective is to propose a totally new and integrated design, analysis and manufacturing system. This would provide to manufacturers a capability to carry out the incorporation of CAD/CAE/CAM systems. Many enterprises and universities have developed standard CAD system tools5 in recent years in China. But in regard to nonstandard complex CAD/CAM tools5, there is still much to be done. After more than one year investigation and research, a great quantity of information and data has been assembled, thus setting a solid foundation for completing this project successfully. This thesis considers in detail the problem associated with non-standard over stiff end milling cutters to illustrate the design approach used and its implementation. It uses a feature based model constructing technology and applies the CAD and finite element analysis together with relevant theories and technologies for processing and manufacturing. The thesis completes the development of non-standard complicated tools5 CAD \CAE \ CAM integrated system. The thesis consists of six chapters, dealing with the project's background, system's design and structural design requirements, finite element analysis, CAM, and some concluding remarks based on what was learned during the thesis work. The project's kernel technology is to use finite elements method to analyze the nonstandard complex tools' models using ANS YS large-scaled finite element analysis software.
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Schöning, Julius. "Interactive 3D Reconstruction." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2018052317188.

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Applicable image-based reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) objects offers many interesting industrial as well as private use cases, such as augmented reality, reverse engineering, 3D printing and simulation tasks. Unfortunately, image-based 3D reconstruction is not yet applicable to these quite complex tasks, since the resulting 3D models are single, monolithic objects without any division into logical or functional subparts. This thesis aims at making image-based 3D reconstruction feasible such that captures of standard cameras can be used for creating functional 3D models. The research presented in the following does not focus on the fine-tuning of algorithms to achieve minor improvements, but evaluates the entire processing pipeline of image-based 3D reconstruction and tries to contribute at four critical points, where significant improvement can be achieved by advanced human-computer interaction: (i) As the starting point of any 3D reconstruction process, the object of interest (OOI) that should be reconstructed needs to be annotated. For this task, novel pixel-accurate OOI annotation as an interactive process is presented, and an appropriate software solution is released. (ii) To improve the interactive annotation process, traditional interface devices, like mouse and keyboard, are supplemented with human sensory data to achieve closer user interaction. (iii) In practice, a major obstacle is the so far missing standard for file formats for annotation, which leads to numerous proprietary solutions. Therefore, a uniform standard file format is implemented and used for prototyping the first gaze-improved computer vision algorithms. As a sideline of this research, analogies between the close interaction of humans and computer vision systems and 3D perception are identified and evaluated. (iv) Finally, to reduce the processing time of the underlying algorithms used for 3D reconstruction, the ability of artificial neural networks to reconstruct 3D models of unknown OOIs is investigated. Summarizing, the gained improvements show that applicable image-based 3D reconstruction is within reach but nowadays only feasible by supporting human-computer interaction. Two software solutions, one for visual video analytics and one for spare part reconstruction are implemented. In the future, automated 3D reconstruction that produces functional 3D models can be reached only when algorithms become capable of acquiring semantic knowledge. Until then, the world knowledge provided to the 3D reconstruction pipeline by human computer interaction is indispensable.
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Books on the topic "CAD Reader"

1

Hunt, Roderick. Yr afal: Stori am Cad a Dids. Caerdydd: Gwasg Addysgol Drake, 1998.

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Geras, Adèle. Cae Catrin. Caerdydd: Uned Iaith Genedlaethol Cymru, 1997.

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Old English reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2011.

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Dickens, Charles. A Christmas carol =: Xiao qi cai shen. [Hong Kong]: Commercial Press (H.K.) Ltd., 2003.

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1820-1906, Anthony Susan B., DuBois Ellen Carol 1947-, and Stanton Elizabeth Cady 1815-1902, eds. The Elizabeth Cady Stanton-Susan B. Anthony reader: Correspondence, writings, speeches. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992.

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Lleinau, Sioned. Bore da Cadi. Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 2007.

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1947-, DuBois Ellen Carol, and Candida Smith Richard, eds. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, feminist as thinker: A reader in documents and essays. New York: New York University Press, 2007.

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The Cambridge Old English reader. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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Savage, Jeff. Cal Ripken, Jr.: Star shortstop. Hillside, N.J., U.S.A: Enslow, 1994.

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Thomas, Jambeck, ed. Reading Old English: A primer and first reader. West Virginia: WVU Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "CAD Reader"

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Lederman, Richard, Isaac Leichter, Eli Ratner, Menahem Abramov, Alexandra Manevich, and Jonathan Stoeckel. "Should CAD Be Used as a Second Reader? – Exploring Two Alternative Reading Modes for CAD in Screening Mammography." In Digital Mammography, 161–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13666-5_22.

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Hansmann, Uwe, Martin S. Nicklous, Thomas Schäck, and Frank Seliger. "Smart Card Readers and Terminals." In Smart Card Application Development Using Java, 67–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-98052-7_5.

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Hansmann, Uwe, Martin S. Nicklous, Thomas Schäck, Achim Schneider, and Frank Seliger. "Smart Card Readers and Terminals." In Smart Card Application Development Using Java, 69–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55969-3_5.

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Astley, Susan M., Stephen W. Duffy, Caroline R. M. Boggis, Mary Wilson, Nicky B. Barr, Ursula M. Beetles, Miriam A. Griffiths, et al. "Mammography Reading with Computer-Aided Detection (CAD): Performance of Different Readers." In Digital Mammography, 97–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11783237_14.

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Hunt, Benjamin D., and David G. Lambert. "Ratiometric [Ca2+]i Measurements in Adherent Cell-Lines Using the NOVOstar Microplate Reader." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 111–20. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-086-1_6.

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Tønnessen, Finn Egil, and Per Henning Uppstad. "Reading Skill." In Can We Read Letters?, 55–72. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-956-2_5.

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Tønnessen, Finn Egil, and Per Henning Uppstad. "Reading Fluency." In Can We Read Letters?, 73–81. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-956-2_6.

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Tønnessen, Finn Egil, and Per Henning Uppstad. "Reading Instruction." In Can We Read Letters?, 83–91. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-956-2_7.

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Tønnessen, Finn Egil, and Per Henning Uppstad. "Concluding Reflections." In Can We Read Letters?, 93–109. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-956-2_8.

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Tønnessen, Finn Egil, and Per Henning Uppstad. "Historical Introduction – Beginning and Continuation of Dyslexia Research." In Can We Read Letters?, 1–17. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-956-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "CAD Reader"

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"Outline Editing Software: CAD-Reader." In 2018 International Conference on Medicine, Biology, Materials and Manufacturing. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icmbmm.2018.86.

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Chen, Weijie, Nicholas Petrick, and Berkman Sahiner. "Assessment of updated CAD without a new reader study: effect of calibration of computer output on the computer-aided reader performance in CADx." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by David J. Manning and Craig K. Abbey. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.878278.

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Ochs, Robert, Hyun J. Kim, Erin Angel, Christoph Panknin, Michael McNitt-Gray, and Matthew Brown. "Forming a reference standard from LIDC data: impact of reader agreement on reported CAD performance." In Medical Imaging, edited by Maryellen L. Giger and Nico Karssemeijer. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.707916.

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Du-Crow, Ethan, Susan M. Astley, and Johan Hulleman. "Suspicious minds: effect of using a lesion likelihood score on reader behaviour with interactive mammographic CAD." In Fifteenth International Workshop on Breast Imaging, edited by Chantal Van Ongeval, Nicholas Marshall, and Hilde Bosmans. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2556472.

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Beyer, F., L. Zierott, E. M. Fallenberg, K. Juergens, J. Stoeckel, W. Heindel, and D. Wormanns. "Comparison of sensitivity and reading time for the use of computer aided detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodules at MDCT as concurrent or second reader." In Medical Imaging, edited by Yulei Jiang and Miguel P. Eckstein. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.652051.

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Timmins, Lucas H., Jonathan D. Suever, Parham Eshtehardi, Michael C. McDaniel, Habib Samady, John N. Oshinski, and Don P. Giddens. "Correlation of Longitudinal Intravascular Ultrasound Data for the Clinical Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Progression." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80630.

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Virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) has gained increasing utility in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, not only in determining underlying atherosclerotic lesion composition prior to stent placement, but also in clinical studies assessing the natural history of coronary artery disease (CAD) [1]. Furthermore, VH-IVUS has provided an excellent means of quantifying disease progression by comparing data sets collected over time (i.e., longitudinal studies) and potentially identifying rapidly progressing and potentially vulnerable plaques. One difficulty, however, in analyzing VH-IVUS derived CAD progression is the accurate co-registration of image sets collected over a period of time. Commonly, an expert VH-IVUS image reader reviews these image sets side-by-side on a display and co-registers images along the vessel main axis, herein axially co-registered, by identifying image locations relative to fiduciary anatomical markers (e.g., branches). Despite this method being the standard for analyzing CAD progression, it is limited by the inability to accurately co-register VH-IVUS data in the circumferential direction (i.e., rotating images such that their cylindrical coordinate bases coincide; herein circumferentially co-registered). Thus, a significant amount of information on focal plaque progression is lost that could provide a greater understanding of the natural evolution of CAD, the effects of various pharmaceutical agents (e.g., statins) on lesion composition changes, and the impact of local mechanical factors that induce plaque progression/regression and transformation.
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Cheng, Zheng, Jiaju Wu, Bin Ji, Gongliang Li, Yongqi Ma, and Zhenji Liu. "Research on GJB6600 based IETM reader." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8242977.

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Truong, Phuong, Alex Phan, Nicolas Williams, and Frank E. Talke. "Development of a Portable Reader for an Optical Intraocular Pressure Sensor." In ASME 2019 28th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2019-7521.

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Abstract This paper presents various designs of a handheld reader for an interferometric intraocular pressure measurement system. Reflected lights from the implanted sensor form interference fringes which can be captured using a camera. Image processing software was used to analyze the fringe pattern and determine the eye pressure. Various light sources were considered and the LED with a laser line filter was selected for its ability to generate quality fringe patterns and portability. Three generations of handheld readers have been developed and tested. Interference patterns acquired from each reader were compared to assess the limiting and promising features related to measurement time, form factor, working distance, ease of use, and quality of fringes. Results show that the DSLR-based reader has the highest quality images with the largest form factor while the smartphone-based reader offers the smallest form factor with ease of use and accessibility for the patient.
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Hatamura, Yotaro, and Kensuke Tsuchiya. "Text and Illustration Based Scenario Expressions for Conveying Failure Knowledge." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57376.

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Our “Study of Failure” has shown the effects of failure case illustration and text based diagonal scenario expression to successfully convey the essence of failure cases to the reader. A well drawn failure case illustration generates a good image of the failure event in the readers mind, thus succeeds in passing the failure knowledge to the reader. A carefully produced diagonal scenario expression has the same effect. We demonstrated the power of these two fundamentally different representations through an experiment: A failure case illustration alone was shown to a group of people who were asked to define a diagonal scenario expression for the case. The reverse test started from a diagonal scenario expression to reach an illustration that the group had no prior knowledge about. Our tests showed that people can produce a fairly good representation in the other form starting from either an illustration or a diagonal scenario alone.
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Aftosmis, M., M. Delanaye, and R. Haimes. "Automatic generation of CFD-ready surface triangulations from CAD geometry." In 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-776.

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Reports on the topic "CAD Reader"

1

Dray, J. F., A. Giles, M. Kelley, and R. Chandramouli. PIV card to reader interoperability guidelines. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-96.

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Hopfner, Phil. CAC on a MAC: Setting up a DOD Common Access Card Reader on the Macintosh OS X Operating System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445103.

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Álvarez Marinelli, Horacio, Samuel Berlinski, and Matías Busso. Research Insights: Can Struggling Primary School Readers Improve Their Reading through Targeted Remedial Interventions? Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002863.

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This paper assesses the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving the reading skills of struggling third-grade students in Colombia. In a series of randomized experiments, students participated in remedial tutorials conducted in small groups during school hours. Trained instructors used structured pedagogical materials that can be easily scaled up. Informed by the outcomes of each cohort, the intervention tools are fine-tuned for each subsequent cohort. The paper finds positive and persistent impacts on literacy scores and positive spillovers on some mathematics scores. The effectiveness of the program grew over time, likely because of higher dosage and the fine-tuning of materials.
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Millard, M. N. Deja Vu: Can We be Ready for the Next War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada516266.

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Hodge, Emily, Serena Salloum, and Susanna Benko. How State Education Agencies Can Support College and Career Ready Standards. Consortium for Policy Research in Education, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12698/cpre.2017.pb17-3.

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Schwarz, Randy A. Carter, Leeland L. Modification to the Monte N-Particle (MCNP) Visual Editor (MCNPVised) to read in Computer Aided Design (CAD) files. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821143.

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Schwarz, Randolph, Leland L. Carter, and Alysia Schwarz. Modification to the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) Visual Editor (MCNPVised) to Read in Computer Aided Design (CAD) Files. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/843024.

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Rysjedal, Fredrik. Frozen Moments in Motion. Universitetet i Bergen KMD, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/kmd-ar.31524.

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What are the concepts of motion in digital comics? What types of motion can be used in comics and how does motion affect the presentation, the story and even the reader/viewer? This project is a part of the Norwegian Programme for Artistic Research, and it's executed at the Bergen Academy of Art and Design, today called Faculty of Fine Art, Music and Design at the University of Bergen.
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Kato, Kazuhito, and Satoshi Kitazaki. Considerations in Mechanism of Carsickness of Rear Passengers When Watching a Car-Mounted Display. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0240.

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Li, Howell, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Jairaj Desai, Timothy Wells, and Darcy M. Bullock. Extraction of Vehicle CAN Bus Data for Roadway Condition Monitoring. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317212.

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Obtaining timely information across the state roadway network is important for monitoring the condition of the roads and operating characteristics of traffic. One of the most significant challenges in winter roadway maintenance is identifying emerging or deteriorating conditions before significant crashes occur. For instance, almost all modern vehicles have accelerometers, anti-lock brake (ABS) and traction control systems. This data can be read from the Controller Area Network (CAN) of the vehicle, and combined with GPS coordinates and cellular connectivity, can provide valuable on-the-ground sampling of vehicle dynamics at the onset of a storm. We are rapidly entering an era where this vehicle data can provide an agency with opportunities to more effectively manage their systems than traditional procedures that rely on fixed infrastructure sensors and telephone reports. This data could also reduce the density of roadway weather information systems (RWIS), similar to how probe vehicle data has reduced the need for micro loop or side fire sensors for collecting traffic speeds.
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