Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Câble à fibres optiques'
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Henault, Jean-Marie. "Approche méthodologique pour l’évaluation des performances et de la durabilité des systèmes de mesure répartie de déformation : application à un câble à fibre optique noyé dans le béton." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1113/document.
Full textStructural Health Monitoring is a key factor in life-cycle management of civil structures. Truly distributed fiber optic sensors, composed by an optoelectronic device paired with an optical fiber in a cable, provide strain profiles over several kilometers with a centimeter resolution. They are thus able to provide relevant information on large structures. However, a preliminary performance assessment is required prior to any industrial application. Due to shear deformation of the cable's protective coating, strain measurements provided by the measuring system may differ from actual strains in the embedding medium. A methodology, based on mechanical tests and modelling, was thus developed to determine the relationship between measured/actual strains. It was applied to determine the mechanical response of a specific cable embedded in concrete. Performance assessment method was applied to a specific measuring system. Tests were carried out under laboratory conditions on the fiber optic cable, out of the concrete medium in a first stage, and then embedded in concrete structures. It enabled to evaluate its components and standard uncertainties. The cable could not be replaced after being embedded in concrete. It is necessary to evaluate the ageing effects on its mechanical properties to use it for a long term period. A specific study was carried out to determine the cable durability under chemical, thermal and mechanical solicitations
Becerril, Carlos Ernesto. "Développement de la mesure acoustique distribuée (DAS) à basse fréquence pour la détection des tsunamis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5078.
Full textTo date, an effective Tsunami Early-Warning System (TEWS) at a global scale is not yet in place. This reflects a proverbial challenge in geosciences: To instrument the world's ocean floors and conduct long-term observations with sufficient spatial and temporal coverage. A paradigm in the form of a novel photonic technology has been proposed for truly multi-scale monitoring, whilst keeping costs relatively low. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) uses optical fibers themselves to measure the spatial distribution of environmental properties along every point of the optic fiber. By leveraging the more than one million kilometers of optical fiber laid across the continents and oceans, the scientific community stands to gain permanent, global monitoring network of densely-spaced, highly sensitive single-component sensors, capable of providing continuous real-time data. Although it's been shown that DAS is capable of recording long-period oceanographic phenomena such as tides and gravity waves waves, and empirical observations of sensitivity to seafloor pressure variations; the pressure detection mechanism in DAS remains to be quantitatively described.Within this context, this thesis aims to provide a proof-of-concept of a specific DAS architecture (phase-sensitive detection employing chirped laser pulses) suitable for TEWS applications. Towards this objective, this work assessed the sensitivity required, and considers DAS instrument performance to ascertain detection of tsunami waves. A derived model of the expected seafloor strains potentially induced by tsunami waves is presented and finds seafloor compliance and the Poisson effect on the cable as the primary mechanisms through which DAS is anticipated to record the passage of tsunami waves. The analysis of the derived model is supported by fully coupled 3-D physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture, seismo-acoustic waves and tsunami wave propagation. Furthermore, as most instrumentation, the sensitivity at low frequencies is primarily hindered by 1/f instrument noise. This work identifies several enhancements in the opto-electronic hardware towards reducing instrument noise, and increase of sensitivity to low-frequency signals relevant to tsunami signals, specifically in the 1-10 mHz regime. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations presented in this work point to the real possibility of detecting tsunami waves using fiber optic cables
Girard-Jollet, Joana. "Subsea optical links characterization assisted by machine learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT048.
Full textWith the growing demand for internet bandwidth, having robust optical communication systems is more crucial than ever. Beyond the advances in individual technologies and components, the performance of the communication system also depends on how intelligently these components are used and combined so that the overall configuration is optimized. Often, network performance is limited by predeployment predictions, making accurate estimation essential for optimization. The objective of this thesis is to characterize and monitor key sources of distortion in subsea links, primarily to predict the network’s future performance with minimal margins. We focused on two physical impairments: nonlinear Kerr effects and polarizationdependent loss. The thesis addresses the challenges of performance estimation and network monitoring to introduce novel monitoring tools and provide guidelines for optimizing transmission systems
Meyniel, Benoît. "Mise en place d'algorithmes de circuit d'aide à la conception des liaisons filaires : intégration des câbles filtrants et des éléments non-linéaires." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-187.pdf.
Full textPiccolo, Arianna. "Tunnel structural health monitoring in radioactive environment based on special distributed optical fibre strain sensing cables." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4063.
Full textIn the framework of Cigéo, the future underground repository for long-lived radioactive waste, the monitoring of the structures must be guaranteed for almost a century to ensure its reversibilit. The horizontal repository cells will be loaded by 500 m of rock which will reduce their section over time. This reduction, called convergence, must be monitored by sensors with resistance to harsh environment, low intrusiveness, proper sensitivity. We propose the use of distributed optical fiber strain sensing cables, whose strain measurements are used to calculate convergence via an inverse-analysis finite-element method, using Brillouin and Rayleigh backscatterings. The method is described, assessing the influence of structural parameters and measurements noise on its sensitivity. We validate it in a laboratory test, in controlled conditions and underground, reproducing convergences up to the representative value of 10 mm on a mock-up of the high-level waste repository cell. We compare two fixation methods and loading schemes, using other sensors as reference. Results show how distributed optical fiber sensors can achieve the required 1 mm of resolution, close to standard methods. The fibers have been firstly analysed under the coupled effect of temperature and radiation up to a total γ-rays dose of 1 MGy. Temperatures around 100°C preserve the fiber functioning better than being at room temperature. A specific cable for strain sensing, with a radiation resistant fiber inside, is then developed and tested, reporting that temperature and strain sensitivities and the mechanical behaviour remain stable up to 500 kGy. We evaluate also the role of the protective layers of the tested cable and its plastic behaviour up to 10000 με
Zhang, Huijia. "Utilization of powder method for the realization of special optical fibers." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c1310238-dca3-4100-a20a-da9f7575552b/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4023.pdf.
Full textLes fibres optiques « multimatériaux », sont définies comme des guides optiques où le cœur et la gaine de la fibre optique sont composés de matériaux de composition ou de nature différentes. Ces fibres attirent l'attention de plus en plus de chercheurs, et ce dans de nombreux pays, car selon les différentes compositions des verres, ces fibres optiques peuvent présenter des propriétés originales. Dans cette thèse , après une présentation des procédés de fabrication bien connus et d'autres plus originaux, nous proposons de développer le procédé « poudre » pour fabriquer deux fibres multimatériaux originales. La première est une fibre à bande interdite photonique composée d'un cœur de silice et d'un cristal photonique bidimensionnel d'inclusions d'un verre de Silice Aluminium Lanthane. Ce verre permet de développer ce type de fibre avec des inclusions dont l'indice de réfraction est plus important que la plupart des fibres à bande interdite rapportées. Les propriétés de ces fibres ont été étudiées ce qui à conduit à la conception et la fabrication d'une fibre optimisée. La deuxième fibre étudiée comprend des fils métalliques de cuivre. Nous avons étendu le procédé de fabrication aux fibres verre / métal. Un câble coaxial de taille micrométrique a été modélisé, optimisé et réalisé pour démontrer l'intérêt d'une telle structure pour guider des signaux micro-ondes à 100 GHz. Les procédés développés pour la fabrication des ces deux fibres associent le procédé « poudre » et le procédé « stack-and-draw »
Boudou, Laurent. "Influence des paramètres de mise en oeuvre sur la morphologie et la conductivité électrique d'un polyéthylène destiné à la fabrication des câbles." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30143.
Full textSchilke, Sven. "Importance du couplage des capteurs distribués à fibre optique dans le cadre des VSP." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM042.
Full textDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a new technology of seismic acquisition that relies on traditional fibre-optic cables to provide inline strain measurement. This acquisition system is largely used in vertical seismic profiling (VSP) surveys. Coupling is a key factor influencing data quality. While geophones and accelerometers are clamped to the borehole wall during VSP surveys, the fibre cable is either clamped and then cemented behind the casing, or attached with rigid clamps to the tubing, or loosely lowered into the borehole. The latter deployment strategy, also called wireline deployment, usually acquires the lowest level of signal but is regarded as the most cost-effective in particular for existing well installations. This PhD thesis addresses the problematic of coupling of DAS using wireline deployment. We develop numerical models that are used to analyse real data. The interpretation of these results allows us concluding that an immediate contact of the cable with the borehole wall with a computed contact force is required to provide good coupling conditions. Based on those findings, we propose solutions to further optimise DAS acquisitions. We numerically modify the contact force and the elastic properties of the DAS cable and show how these modifications can improve but also deteriorate data quality. Finally, we propose a coupling detection algorithm that is applied to real datasets and allows ensuring the acquisition of data with a high signal-to-noise ratio
Schilke, Sven. "Importance du couplage des capteurs distribués à fibre optique dans le cadre des VSP." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM042/document.
Full textDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a new technology of seismic acquisition that relies on traditional fibre-optic cables to provide inline strain measurement. This acquisition system is largely used in vertical seismic profiling (VSP) surveys. Coupling is a key factor influencing data quality. While geophones and accelerometers are clamped to the borehole wall during VSP surveys, the fibre cable is either clamped and then cemented behind the casing, or attached with rigid clamps to the tubing, or loosely lowered into the borehole. The latter deployment strategy, also called wireline deployment, usually acquires the lowest level of signal but is regarded as the most cost-effective in particular for existing well installations. This PhD thesis addresses the problematic of coupling of DAS using wireline deployment. We develop numerical models that are used to analyse real data. The interpretation of these results allows us concluding that an immediate contact of the cable with the borehole wall with a computed contact force is required to provide good coupling conditions. Based on those findings, we propose solutions to further optimise DAS acquisitions. We numerically modify the contact force and the elastic properties of the DAS cable and show how these modifications can improve but also deteriorate data quality. Finally, we propose a coupling detection algorithm that is applied to real datasets and allows ensuring the acquisition of data with a high signal-to-noise ratio
Aboutorabi, Seyed Sadreddin. "Clivage mécanique des fibres optiques microstructurées." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/520/1/ABOUTORABI_Seyed_Sadreddin.pdf.
Full textGautier-Sauvigné, Sabine. "Biocapteur de bioluminescence à fibres optiques." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10117.
Full textSmektala, Frédéric. "Fibres optiques infrarouges en verres d'halogenures." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10066.
Full textGougeon, Nicolas. "Rupture et vieillissement des fibres optiques." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10152.
Full textKerrinckx, Emmanuel. "Les microstructurations dans les fibres optiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Kerrinckx.pdf.
Full textUn de nos objectifs est de pouvoir simuler les propriétés optiques de fibres réelles afin de pouvoir confronter nos modèles avec des mesures expérimentales. Après avoir spécifié les différentes méthodes numériques accessibles au laboratoire (méthode des faisceaux propagés, multipolaire, différences finis et éléments finis), nous expliquons le choix qui a essentiellement été retenu pour nos simulations à savoir la Méthode des Eléments Finis (MEF) et nous présenterons les résultats de simulations concernant l'influence des défauts de fabrications sur l'évolution de la biréfringence. Ces résultats sont alors confrontés aux mesures expérimentales de la biréfringence et de la dispersion chromatique de ces fibres. Un autre objectif important est la conception d'une microstructure permettant d'obtenir une propriété optique prédéfinie. Nous proposons ici une méthode originale de résolution de ce problème inverse, basée sur le couplage d'un Algorithme Génétique avec une méthode d'éléments finis totalement vectorielle permettant de calculer les modes qui se propagent de FCP. Nous appliquerons ensuite notre méthode à la conception d'une fibre présentant une dispersion chromatique proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,1 µm-1,9 µm] et à la conception d'une fibre ayant une dispersion chromatique "plate" (de très faible pente) et proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,35 µm-1,65 µm]
Aboutorabi, Seyed Sadreddin. "Clivage mécanique des fibres optiques microstructurées /." Thèse, Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251872131&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=46962&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text"Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence partielle à l'obtention de la maîtrise en génie électrique". CaQMUQET Bibliogr.: f. [138]-140. Également disponible en version électronique. CaQMUQET
Pomarede, Damien. "Fibres optiques vitrocéramiques pour application laser." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0019/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of core/clad type optical fibers where the core is composed of transparent glass ceramics. The system considered was composed of a silica matrix where ZnGa2O4 nanocrystals can be stabilized. Those crystals can interestingly be doped with transition metal ions such as chromium (III) or nickel (II) ions. The precursor glass were synthetized by melt quenching method, drawn into fibers through the powder in tube process, and subsequently annealed to produce optically active glass ceramic optical fibers. The starting glass composition together with the drawing parameters, the fiber core composition and the annealing protocol were optimized in order to maximize the luminescence properties around 700 nm and 1350 nm in chromium (III) and nickel (II) doped fibers respectively. Such type of fibers are interesting for the domains of optical thermometry, fibered sources, amplifiers and lasers. In particular, we demonstrated that the emission spectrum around 1350 nm of nickel (II) doped glass ceramic fibers exhibited a full width at half maximum above 270 nm, wider than that of 1300 nm centered commercial sources. The overall power outcome is about thirty micro watts, which is almost suitable for OCT applications. Further developments aiming at reducing the optical losses in the fibers and in maximizing the dopant efficiency will allow to reach the applications requirements. Those promising results led to a patent application on the fibers composition and their fabrication process
Nguyen, Thanh Nam. "Etude de composants optiques à base de fibres optiques non-linéaires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365863.
Full textEn ce qui concerne la modélisation de la propagation non-linéaire, ce travail passe en revue plusieurs méthodes de résolution de l'équation non-linéaire de Schrödinger (ENLS) connues sous le nom de méthodes split-step Fourier. Pour trois de ces méthodes, une modification astucieuse de l'algorithme de résolution numérique de l'ENLS permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de la méthode est proposée. Ce travail présente également une nouvelle méthode split-step Fourier permettant de résoudre l'ENLS avec une précision choisie.
Pour la partie concernant la caractérisation de fibres optiques non-linéaires, ce travail présente, pour la première fois, les caractérisations optiques de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de chalcogénure et démontre leur fort potentiel pour des applications non-linéaires. Des caractérisations non-linéaires de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de silice présentant une faible atténuation et un gain Raman record sont également présentées. Une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer simultanément la dispersion chromatique et le coefficient non-linéaire de fibres optiques, basée sur l'effet de compression soliton, est proposée.
Concernant l'étude du régénérateur de Mamyshev, ce travail propose une étude théorique conduisant à l'élaboration d'un abaque pour le dimensionnement du régénérateur et permettant d'étudier le rôle du pré-filtrage et le mécanisme de gigue temporelle introduite par le régénérateur. L'étude expérimentale du régénérateur met en évidence le rôle néfaste de l'effet Brillouin et du mélange à quatre ondes sur les performances d'un régénérateur à 40 Gbit/s. Une nouvelle architecture de régénérateur, basée sur l'utilisation d'un compresseur d'impulsions, est proposée afin d'éliminer ces effets indésirables. Son efficacité est démontrée au cours d'une expérience de régénération en boucle à recirculation.
Nguyen, Thanh Nam. "Étude de composants optiques à base de fibres optiques non-linéaires." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1E003.
Full textThis work deals with the possibility of using silica holey fibres (SHF) and chalcogenide holey fibres (CHF) for applications in all-optical regeneration at 40 Gbit/s. The original results obtained during this work are arranged in three parts. Firstly, this work reviews several methods, known as the split-step Fourier (SSF) methods, to solve the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in order to simulate nonlinear propagation in optical fibres. For three of these methods, modifications in their algorithms to increase their efficiency have been proposed. This work also presents a new SSF method which can solve the NLSE with a given accuracy. Secondly, this work presents, for the first time, the optical characterizations of CHF fibres and their strong potential for non-linear applications. The optical characterizations of SHF fibres, especially with a strong Raman gain, are also presented. A novel method, based on the effect of soliton compression, to measure simultaneously the dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient in an optical fibre, is also proposed. . Lastly, this work proposes an abacus for the dimensioning of the regenerator at 40 Gbit/s. It points out the role of pre-filtering and studies the mechanism of power-dependent-induced jitter introduced by the regenerator. This work proposes also a new architecture of regenerator at 40 Gbit/s, based on the use of a compressor which exploits self-phase modulation, to eliminate some undesirable effects such as Brillouin scattering and intra-channel four-wave mixing. The efficiency of the architecture is shown experimentally within a recirculating loop
Frisquet, Benoit. "Ondes scélérates complexes dans les fibres optiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS056/document.
Full textThis manuscript presents the generation of complex rogue waves related to nonlinear instabilities occurring through the propagation of light in standard optical fibers. Linear and nonlinear physical phenomena involved are first listed, in particular some of them by analogy with the field of hydrodynamics. The different forms of rogue waves induced by the modulation instability process are then presented. They are also known as "breathers", and they are obtained by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. From these exact solutions, various experimental systems were designed by means of numerical simulations based on two rogue-wave excitation methods. The first one is an exact generation of mathematical solutions based on the spectral shaping of an optical frequency comb. The second method uses approximate initial conditions with a simple sinusoidal modulation of continuous waves. For both cases, experimental measurements demonstrate the generation of complex rogue waves (i.e., higher-order solutions of the system) arising from the nonlinear superposition or collision of first-order breathers. Finally, we also studied a nonlinear fiber system equivalent to the Manakov model, which involves the propagation of two distinct waves with orthogonal polarizations. The stability analysis and numerical simulations of this multi-component system highlight a novel regime of vector modulation instability and the existence of coupled dark rogue-wave solutions. A new experimental system setup was conceived and theoretical predictions are confirmed with an excellent quantitative agreement
Raymond, Christophe. "Radio-imageurs a fibres optiques plastiques scintillantes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077152.
Full textHoltz, Jürgen. "Codage pour les communications par fibres optiques /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357781974.
Full textRaymond, Christophe. "Radio-imageurs à fibres optiques plastiques scintillantes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609213f.
Full textDrouzi, Lamyae. "Ondes scélérates dans les fibres optiques biréfringentes." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R002.
Full textThe work of this thesis has focused on the study of wave propagation in a high birefringent fiber. We have carried out a general characterization of the modulational instability as a function of the linear and nonlinear birefringences, in abnormal dispersion and especially in normal dispersion. The study was devoted to a non-linear optical fiber in a "pulsed" regime, where the excitation is not extended but rather localized in time. In this case, standard linear stability analysis fails to describe the linear evolution of this type of perturbations. Thus, we reformulate the problem as an initial value problem leading to convective and absolute instabilities. Then, we evidenced, for the first time, a transition from the absolute to the convective regime and we characterized each of them by linear and nonlinear birefringences. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with our analytical predictions. We evaluated the impact of the symmetry breaking on the generation of supercontinuums that play a crucial role in the formation of rogue waves. We performed a statistical analysis based on the probability density function of the most intense peaks. We analyzed the impact of the "walk off" and the third order dispersion on the emergence of these waves in abnormal and normal dispersion. The results of the numerical integration of the governing equations show that the rogue waves can be controlled by linear birefringence and are even more pronounced in presence of the third order dispersion. Finally, an optimization of the generation of extreme waves has allowed us to find a giant wave, reproduced by Pergerine soliton
Drouzi, Lamyae. "Ondes scélérates dans les fibres optiques biréfringentes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR002.
Full textThe work of this thesis has focused on the study of wave propagation in a high birefringent fiber. We have carried out a general characterization of the modulational instability as a function of the linear and nonlinear birefringences, in abnormal dispersion and especially in normal dispersion. The study was devoted to a non-linear optical fiber in a "pulsed" regime, where the excitation is not extended but rather localized in time. In this case, standard linear stability analysis fails to describe the linear evolution of this type of perturbations. Thus, we reformulate the problem as an initial value problem leading to convective and absolute instabilities. Then, we evidenced, for the first time, a transition from the absolute to the convective regime and we characterized each of them by linear and nonlinear birefringences. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with our analytical predictions. We evaluated the impact of the symmetry breaking on the generation of supercontinuums that play a crucial role in the formation of rogue waves. We performed a statistical analysis based on the probability density function of the most intense peaks. We analyzed the impact of the "walk off" and the third order dispersion on the emergence of these waves in abnormal and normal dispersion. The results of the numerical integration of the governing equations show that the rogue waves can be controlled by linear birefringence and are even more pronounced in presence of the third order dispersion. Finally, an optimization of the generation of extreme waves has allowed us to find a giant wave, reproduced by Pergerine soliton
Colliard, Léo. "Structuration de fibres optiques par laser femtoseconde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5047.
Full textIn a technological context of designing embedded photonic systems, structuring and functionalizing optical fibers on arbitrary scales appears as a major challenge. Among the existing technological platforms used for photonic components fabrication, femtosecond direct-laser-writing, via its capacity to locally and permanently modify transparent media at sub-micro scale, emerges as a suitable candidate for optical fiber structuring. To answer this stake, the aim of this thesis is twofold. First, a direct-laser-writing platform is developed to design meters-long distributed microstructures inside silica optical fibers. Second, another platform is settled to study laser-induced heating accumulation processes in nanoparticles-doped optical fibers in order to engineer the backscattering properties of such optical fibers.This manuscript sets forth, in the first instance, the involved physical phenomena during laser-glass interaction before describing the development for laser-writing platforms. Secondly, the design of distributed meters-long structure is approached through the study of the photoinduced refractive index modification inside various photosensitive optical fibers. The laser-written waveguides and their characteristics are featured as well as the evolution of these characteristics regarding the chemical composition of the fiber. Finally, the laser-induced heating mechanisms in the lanthanum nanoparticles-doped fiber are discussed. The behavior of these nanoparticles and the modification of their characteristics under laser irradiation pave the way to a local and reversible engineering of the backscattering properties of optical fibers
Lechat, Céline. "Comportement mécanique de fibres et d'assemblages de fibres en polyester pour câbles d'amarrage de plates-formes offshore." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280511.
Full textDans le but d'une caractérisation multi-échelle, des essais mécaniques (principalement traction, fluage et sollicitation cyclique) ont été réalisés sur des assemblages de taille variable, allant de câbles de plusieurs centaines de kN de force à rupture aux plus petits de leurs composants, les
filaments. De fortes corrélations ont été observées entre le comportement quasi-statique des assemblages et celui des filaments, montrant que les effets de construction des assemblages sont limités et facilement identifiés. Le comportement des filaments est lui-même associé à des
mécanismes se déroulant à l'échelle moléculaire. En revanche, les résultats obtenus sous sollicitation
cyclique ont montré que la considération des mécanismes pouvant provoquer la rupture de filaments
individuels (fluage, fatigue en tension, échauffement par hystérésis...) ne suffit pas à expliquer la rupture des câbles. Ceci implique l'intervention d'autres mécanismes, propres aux assemblages, du type abrasion.
La comparaison des résultats obtenus pour les deux matériaux a montré que le PEN, très peu étudié jusqu'à ce jour, présente un comportement mécanique très proche de celui du PET.
Nadinov, Issatay. "Fonctionnalisation de fibres optiques par des grenats pour les applications magnéto-optiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE051.
Full textMy Ph.D. thesis work is dedicated to the functionalization of an optical fiber with a bismuth substituted yttrium/iron garnet (Bi: YIG) for magneto-optic (MO) sensing applications, using the Faraday effects. During my research, I developed an original way to perform the synthesis of garnet microcrystal directly on the core of optical fiber by Metal-Organic Decomposition (MOD) method. I started with studying the MO and structural properties (XRD, SEM, AFM) of the material during the preparation process. The results showed a strong dependence of these properties on the temperature of annealing, duration time of the annealing and composition of the initial solution. This allowed me to refine the Bi: YIG synthesis and to find the optimal conditions to achieve the largest Faraday rotation. In addition, these studies gave me the possibility to determine the activation energy of Bi: YIG films crystallization, while calorimetric experiments (DSC, DTA) fail due to the presence of the substrate. Presently, I am able to prepare not only the garnet thin layers but also microcrystals with 2 3 μm size on the core of the optical fiber. I have developed an optical fiber sensor for magnetic measurement using this functionalized fiber. The obtained results showed that magnetic fields from 100 mT down to a few μT for such fibered MO sensor can be easily detected. Moreover, the used setup allows me to make measurements of the magnetic field based not only on Faraday rotation but Faraday ellipticity. And this fact gives the opportunity to significantly simplify the detection system and open new perspective ways in magnetic field measurements
Curticapean, Dan Silviu. "Méthode pour l'ajustement précis de fibres optiques à géométrie définie avec imprécision, application à l'optimisation d'une épissure de fibres optiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13019.
Full textThe goal of this work is to propose and realise a new control system for a splicer. The new investigations and analyses are based on digital image processing and in-situ measurements. They offer new control possibilities for the splice process. In addition to this, new technological implementations are investigated and discussed. They can be used in future splicers. In the first part, a feasibility study to measure the core eccentricity using the scattering pattern method, was presented and discussed. After modelling of the thermal behaviour of the splice process and the loss analyses considerations the developed splice investigation and analyse system is presented
Corsi, Alessandro. "Design and characterization of few-mode fibers for space division multiplexing on fiber eigenmodes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67890.
Full textThe constant and exponential growth of Internet data traffic demand is driving our optical telecommunication networks, mainly composed of single-mode fiber links, to an imminent capacity shortage. The nonlinear limit of the single-mode fiber, predicted by the information theory, leave no room for optical fiber communication capacity improvements. In this direction, the next disruptive technology in high-capacity communication transmissions is expected to be Space Division Multiplexing (SDM). The basic of SDM consists of using different spatial channels of a single optical fiber to transmit information data. SDM thus provides an increase in the data-carrying capacity by a factor that depends on the number of spatial paths that are established. A way to realize SDM is through the use of specialty few-mode fibers (FMFs), designed to have a weak coupling between the guided modes. A reduced MIMO processing can be used to undo the residual mode coupling. In this thesis, we firstly give an overview of the recent progress in mode division multiplexing (MDM). Linearly polarized (LP) modes, orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and vector modes represent the possible orthogonal modes guided into the fiber. We compare works, making use of those modes, in terms of proposed fiber design, number of modes, MIMO complexity and data transmission experiments. After that, we introduce the optical fiber modelling performed with the numerical solvers of COMSOL Multiphysics, and we discuss some works making use of this fiber modelling. Next, we propose a novel FMF, composed of a highly elliptical core and a surrounding trench added to reduce the bending loss of the higher order modes. The fiber is designed and optimized to support five spatial modes with twofold polarization degeneracy, for a total of ten channels. The proposed fiber shows an effective index difference between the spatial modes higher than 1×10-3 over the C-band. Afterwards, we fabricate the fiber with standard modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process, and we characterize the fiber in the laboratory. The experimental characterization revealed the polarization maintaining properties of the fiber. This is obtained with the combination of the asymmetric core structure and the thermal stress introduced during the fabrication. We measure the birefringence with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique, and we included the thermal stress in our fiber modelling. A good agreement was found between the simulated and measured birefringence. We successfully demonstrate the first data transmission over the proposed fiber, by transmitting two QPSK signals over the two polarizations of each spatial mode, without the use of any MIMO processing. Lastly, we present an improvement of a previously proposed microwave interferometric technique (MICT), in order to experimentally measure the mode dependent loss (MDL) of FMF mode groups. Finally, we present the conclusions and the future perspectives of this research. To conclude, novel FMFs need to be investigated if we want to solve the imminent capacity shortage of our system technologies. We truly believe that the polarization-maintaining FMF proposed in this research represents a significant improvement to the field of MIMO-free MDM transmission systems for short communication links, distributing data over length less than 10 km. We hope that this work will drive the development of new SDM components making use of this fiber, such as new fiber amplifiers, or new mux/demux, as for example fused fiber mode couplers or silicon photonic devices.
Drouart, F. "Non-linéarité Kerr dans les Fibres Optiques Microstructurées." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438491.
Full textBeugnot, Jean-Charles. "La diffusion Brillouin dans les fibres optiques microstructurées." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00296632.
Full textLagorceix, Hervé. "Application des fibres optiques unimodales à l'interférométrie stellaire." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0050.
Full textLegros, Eric. "Photorecepteur integre pour transmission coherente sur fibres optiques." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112413.
Full textDEMOUCHY, GILLES. "Generation du second harmonique dans les fibres optiques." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066119.
Full textDemagh, Nacer-Eddine. "Méthodes de métrologie des températures par fibres optiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375970718.
Full textVallet, Franck. "Etude d'un capteur extrinsèque de vibrations à fibres optiques." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0013.
Full textMeyer, Serge. "Etude et faisabilité d'un filtre optique à cristaux liquides accordable en longueur d'onde : optimisation des paramètres opto géométriques." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0157.
Full textDi, Bin Philippe. "Analyse modale théorique et expérimentale de composants à fibres optiques multimodes : étude d'un capteur de température à fibre optique." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0211.
Full textAuguste, Jean-Louis. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'une fibre à forte dispersion chromatique négative." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0010.
Full textBraud, Flavie. "Solitons et ondes dispersives dans les fibres à dispersion oscillante." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10064/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of the propagation of solitons and dispersive waves in optical fibers with tailored longitudinal profiles. The first chapter presents the general guiding properties of an optical fiber, introduces the main linear and non-linear process involved in solitons and dispersive waves propagation and describes the fabrication process of microstructured optical fibers. The second chapter explores the emission dynamics of cascaded resonant radiations and multiple resonant radiations in a fiber with an oscillating zero-dispersion wavelength. The third chapter deals with the transformation of a dispersive wave into a fundamental soliton when its location is in the anomalous dispersion region. Finally, in the fourth chapter, simultaneoulsy control of the wavelength and duration of ultrashort soliton is demonstrated through the use of specially designed topographic fibers
Gagnadre, Isabelle. "Etude et réalisation d'un système de téléreport par fibres optiques." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0175.
Full textLavoute, Laure. "Conception et fabrication d'une fibre unimodale à gaine résonante combinant large coeur et fort niveau de dopage." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/270a2199-24b1-4c40-beb4-cd2f324542a7/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4051.pdf.
Full textPropagation and generation of high power in optical fibre are mainly limited by the nonlinear and thermal effects occurring when power density is too high. The original LHDC structures ("Large and Highly Doped Core") presented for the first time in this manuscript, can escape these limiting factor by combining a large core (i. E. Large mode area) and a high doping level (i. E. Low fibre length). The active core is surrounded by a resonant cladding made of high index inclusions. Thanks to optimized coupling relation between the core and the cladding rods, energy of high order modes of the core spreads over the cladding when the fundamental mode remains confined in the active region. This original modal filtering combined to gain discrimination guarantees the quality of spatial beam
Maurel, Gilles. "Caractérisation de fibres optiques polymères multimodales à saut d'indice à coeur en PMMA." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30141.
Full textLegoubin, Sandra. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la réponse spectrale de composants photo-inscrits dans des fibres optiques." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10127.
Full textIbrahim, Roger. "Amplificateurs optiques à stabilisation de gain rapide : étude et proposition de configurations WDM hybrides EDFA-SOA." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELE0001.
Full textTchahame, Nougnihi Joel Cabrel. "Diffusion Brillouin dans des fibres optiques étirées et microstructurées." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2049/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the fundamental aspects of Brillouin scattering in chalcogenidemicrofibers and silica photonic crystal fibers with wavelength-scale solid core. Through experimentalinvestigations and numerical simulations, we have demonstrated that the Brillouin gain inchalcogenide microfiber can reach a value 150 to 250 times higher than in conventional opticalfibers. Moreover, we have reported the generation of multipeaked Brillouin spectra in a long taperedbirefringent photonic crystal fiber. A further investigation of these spectra shows that the multiresonantbehavior arises both from the excitation of hybrid acoustic waves and the fiber tapering.Another significant work of this thesis is the evidence of surface acoustic waves in small-core photoniccrystal fibers with large air filling fraction. Our results show specifically that this new type of scatteringis extremely sensitive to the air-hole microstructure geometry. Finally, these works contribute toa better understanding of Brillouin scattering in ultrathin optical fiber, paving the way towards therealization of new optoacoustic components for telecommunications and sensors
Bilodeau, François. "Démonstration d'un système de télédistribution numérique par fibres optiques." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4759.
Full textPruneau, Godmaire Xavier. "Micro-usinage de fibres optiques avec un laser CO2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/26911/26911.pdf.
Full textPhéron, Xavier. "Durabilité des capteurs à fibres optiques sous environnement radiatif." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058775.
Full textZhou, Junhe. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des amplificateurs à fibres optiques." Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0071.
Full textOptical amplifiers are the key elements in optical communication systems. Nonlinear optical fiber amplifiers are optical amplifiers that use fibers, which can be either the transmission fiber or the specially designed fiber, as the gain media. Nonlinear optical fiber amplifiers have several advantages over the conventional optical amplifiers such as Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). They have lower noise figure, broader amplification range and are able to provide distributed amplification. Intensive researches have been carried out using them to improve the system performance. Mainly three types of the nonlinear amplifiers are addressed in this thesis, i. E. The Raman fiber amplifiers, the parametric fiber amplifiers and the Brillouin fiber amplifiers. These amplifiers all use the nonlinearity within the fiber to amplify the signals with a strong pump at the higher frequency or shorter wavelength. For Raman amplifiers/Brillouin amplifiers, the pump is usually about 100nm/10GHz away from the signal wavelength, while the parametric amplifiers require the pump wavelength to be close to the zero dispersion wavelength of the fiber. The dissertation is devoted to research on the mathematical modeling and experimental verification of the nonlinear fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers