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1
Li, Yin-ming, and W. H. Gabelman. "Inheritance of Calcium Use Efficiency in Tomatoes Grown under Low-calcium Stress." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 5 (September 1990): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.5.835.
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Sixty highly homozygous tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) strains, some selected from previous studies and some collected from known low-Ca regions, were screened under a low-Ca culture system (10 mg of Ca per plant). Four strains were selected to represent the extremes for Ca efficiency and used as parents to create a series of F1, F2, and backcross generations for inheritance studies of Ca use under low-Ca stress. Based on total plant dry weight, additive and dominance gene effects were most important for the efficiency of Ca use. Maternal control of efficiency in Ca use was not observed. Estimates of broad-sense heritability ranged from 63% to 79% for total play dry weight. Narrow sense heritabilities, determined in only two of the families, were 47% to 49$ and 68% to 75%.
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Hassan, Azizah, Norsaremah Salleh, Mohd Nasir Ismail, Mohammad Nazir Ahmad, and Ab Razak Che Hussin. "Empirical evaluation of continuous auditing system use: a systematic review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp796-808.
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<span lang="EN-US">For more than two decades, the concept of continuous auditing (CA) has been introduced and many large firms had taken the initiatives to apply the CA system in supporting their audit functions. Despite the benefits that the CA system is offers, it is still not widely use and the number of people using the CA system is still considered low. This research focuses on the published papers on the use of CA system within the context of auditing system addressing the quality of system implementation. This paper analyzed primary studies collected using the pre-determined search strings on nine online databases. As a result, a total of 60 articles were carefully selected to undergo further analysis based on empirical evidence of CA system use. The articles were analyzed qualitatively using ATLAS.ti 7 and the elements for the CA system use are extracted from the selected papers. A total of four elements were identified contributing to the use of CA in practice. Those elements are the participant quality, system quality, information quality and products and services quality. This study answers five research objectives to understand the current studies on CA and to determine future research works on CA.</span>
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Liu, Bo, Qiang Zhang, and Chunsheng Li. "Steroid use after cardiac arrest is associated with favourable outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 5 (May 2020): 030006052092167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520921670.
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Background The effect of steroid use on outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest (CA) remains controversial. We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate whether steroid use after CA increased the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate and survival to discharge in patients with CA. Methods PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the effect of steroid use on outcomes in adults with CA. The outcomes were ROSC and survival to discharge. Results Seven studies (four RCTs and three observational studies) were included. Pooled analysis suggested that steroid use was associated with increased ROSC in patients with CA. Steroid use was significantly associated with survival to discharge, which was a consistent finding in RCTs and observational studies. Subgroup analysis based on the time of drug administration (during cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] vs. after CA) showed that steroid use during CPR and after CA were significantly associated with an increased rate of ROSC and survival to discharge. Conclusion Current evidence indicates that steroid use after CA could increase ROSC and survival to discharge in patients with CA. However, high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.
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Lukšić, Ivan, Žiga Lužnik, Ivica Pelivan, and Samir Čimić. "Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Studying Temporomandibular Joint Morphology." Collegium antropologicum 44, no. 2 (2020): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.44.2.6.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate morphology of temporomandibular joint using cone beam computer tomography. Study included 45 adults (32 females and 13 males). Articular eminence inclination, glenoid fossa width, glenoid fossa depth, condylar mediolateral distance, condylar anteroposterior distance and condylar type were determined for each temporomandibular joint. Since independent samples t-test did not show significant differences between left and right sides for all of observed parameters (p≥0.05), left and right side values were treated as one sample. The determined glenoid fossa depth was 7.11±2.23, glenoid fossa width 19.22±2.58, condylar anteroposterior distance 7.54±1.59, condylar mediolateral distance 17.95±2.81 and articular eminence inclination was 34.59±7.35 degrees. Most of condyles were classified as convex type (32.5%), followed by flattened (23.8%), rounded (11.3%) and angled (10%). Undefined (other type) were classified 22.5% of condyles. Cone beam computer tomography measurements of temporomandibular joint bone structures in present study showed similarities to most of previous research (with different populations studied). Still, the prevalence of different condylar types differs from those obtained by most of previous studies. Interindividual differences in temporomandibular joint morphology are expected.
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ROTHENBERG, DAVID J. "The Marian Symbolism of Spring, ca. 1200-ca. 1500: Two Case Studies." Journal of the American Musicological Society 59, no. 2 (2006): 319–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2006.59.2.319.
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Abstract As the season of earthly rebirth, spring in the high and late Middle Ages provided both an ideal setting for secular love songs and a symbolic underpinning for the liturgical season of Eastertide. With the Virgin Mary acting as a spiritual point of mediation, Eastertide liturgy and secular springtime song resonated symbolically with one another, a resonance seen nowhere more clearly than in polyphonic compositions in which Eastertide chants, Marian prayers, and secular springtime songs sound simultaneously. This essay presents two case studies that explore the confluence of these diverse elements within polyphonic music. The first examines thirteenth-century compositions on the widespread tenor In seculum, positing its origins in the Mass for Easter Sunday —and by extension its associations with spring—as the reason that it was used so often and combined with such diverse textual and musical materials as pastourelles, dances, courtly love songs, and Marian prayers. The second study examines the use of multiple cantus firmi in Isaac's Laudes salvatori (from Choralis Constantinus) and Josquin's Victimae paschali laudes, both paraphrase settings of Easter sequences that comment upon their primary cantus firmus by simultaneously quoting additional melodies. Isaac uses the chants Regina caeli and Victimae paschali laudes to emphasize the central role that Mary plays in the miracle of the Resurrection, while Joquin accomplishes this same goal by employing the well-known chansons D'ung aultre amer and De tous biens plaine as vernacular symbols of Christ and the Virgin Mary, respectively. The two case studies, taken together, illustrate a consistent mode of symbolic thought that endured for over three centuries.
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COMO-SABETTI, K. J., K. H. HARRIMAN, S. K. FRIDKIN, S. L. JAWAHIR, and R. LYNFIELD. "Risk factors for community-associatedStaphylococcus aureusinfections: results from parallel studies including methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitiveS. aureuscompared to uninfected controls." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810001111.
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SUMMARYDespite the increasing burden of community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) infections, the risk factors are not well understood. We conducted a hypothesis-generating study using three parallel case-control studies to identify risk factors for CA-MRSA and community-associated methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(CA-MSSA) infections. In the multivariate model, antimicrobial use in the 1–6 months prior to culture was associated with CA-MRSA infection compared to CA-MSSA [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·7,P=0·07] cases. Antimicrobial use 1–6 months prior to culture (aOR 1·8,P=0·04), history of boils (aOR 1·6,P=0·03), and having a household member who was a smoker (aOR 1·3,P=0·05) were associated with CA-MRSA compared to uninfected community controls. The finding of an increased risk of CA-MRSA infection associated with prior antimicrobial use highlights the importance of careful antimicrobial stewardship.
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GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA, Jorge, V. V. EGONOV, Rubén DEL TÓRO DÉNIZ, E. DEL TÓRO DÉNIZ, S. MARTINÉZ SÁEZ, and A. RAMOS VEGA. "Use of a Ca-selective electrode in the determination of total Ca in the production of crude sugar. Preliminary studies." Eclética Química 22 (1997): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-46701997000100015.
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The determination of the total calcium in juice, syrups, and other products of the sugar industry is investigated. Total calcium and free calcium is determinated by AAS and employing Ca-selective electrode respectively. A coefficient is obtained for the relation of total calcium with respect to free calcium. The coefficient is employed to determine the content of total calcium in accordance with the following equation.<img src="http:/img/fbpe/eq/v22/15e.gif" alt="15e.gif (673 bytes)" align="middle">
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Tong, Steven YC, Philip M. Giffard, and Deborah C. Holt. "CA-MRSA: emerging remotely." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 5 (2009): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09185.
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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first described in remote Indigenous populations in Australia over 20 years ago. The burden of staphylococcal disease, including S. aureus bacteraemia, disproportionately affects Indigenous populations and is likely related to socio-economic disadvantage. Factors such as domestic crowding, poor hygiene and high rates of scabies, skin sores and antibiotic use contribute to the transmission and emergence of CA-MRSA. Studies focusing on two clones, sequence type (ST) 93 and clonal complex (CC) 75, provide supportive evidence for the emergence of methicillin-resistance in Indigenous communities.
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Lowenstein, Tim K., and Bärbel Hönisch. "The Use of Mg/Ca as a Seawater Temperature Proxy." Paleontological Society Papers 18 (November 2012): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002564.
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The underlying basis for Mg/Ca paleothermometry is that the amount of magnesium in calcite precipitated from seawater is dependent on temperature. Here we review the state of the art of the Mg/Ca seawater paleotemperature proxy, summarized by the following: 1) Calcite, whether formed abiotically or biologically as foraminifera and ostracode shells, incorporates variable amounts of magnesium into the crystal structure. 2) Uptake of Mg varies positively with temperature. 3) The relationship between temperature and the amount of Mg in calcite has been quantified by experiments on synthetic calcite growth and by culture, core top, and sediment trap experiments using living organisms. 4) The most careful calibrations of the Mg/Ca paleothermometer have been done for planktic foraminifera, then benthic foraminifera; there are species-specific variations in the amount of Mg incorporated into foraminifera shells. 5) The Mg/Ca ratio of calcite from planktic foraminifera in deep-sea cores has been widely used to interpret sea surface temperatures. 6) Measurement of both Mg/Ca and δ18O in planktic foraminifera have been used to calculate δ18O in seawater, and after correction for global ice volume, salinity could be inferred. 7) Mg/Ca from benthic foraminifera have been used to reconstruct deep-sea temperatures and cooling of ~12° over the last 50 million years. 8) One problem with the Mg/Ca seawater temperature proxy is partial dissolution of foraminifer shells, which lowers the Mg/Ca, and leads to an underestimation of ocean temperature. Benthic foraminifers appear to be more resistant to partial dissolution. 9) Past changes in the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater are an important factor in determining the amount of Mg in fossil skeletal calcite, and thus add another variable to the Mg/Ca temperature proxy. All Mg/Ca paleotemperature studies on fossil calcite older than Pleistocene should take into account the Mg/Ca of the seawater from which it precipitated.
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Benenson, Itzhak. "Warning! The scale of land-use CA is changing!" Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 31, no. 2 (March 2007): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.01.001.
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Goswami, Usha, and Peter Bryant. "The Interpretation of Studies Using the Reading Level Design." Journal of Reading Behavior 21, no. 4 (December 1989): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968909547687.
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Recent research in reading disability has been strengthened by the addition of a reading level (RL) control group to the more traditional chronological age (CA) control group. However, caution is required in interpreting results from these two kinds of control. Only positive results in a RL match and negative results in a CA match are interpretable; negative results in a CA match and positive results in a RL match are not. Furthermore, the RL control group cannot be used to unambiguously determine between specific deficit and developmental lag interpretations of reading disability. It is argued that the use of the RL control can only ever be a first step in research aimed at delineating the causal factors in reading backwardness.
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Murray, R. K., B. K. Fleischmann, and M. I. Kotlikoff. "Receptor-activated Ca influx in human airway smooth muscle: use of Ca imaging and perforated patch-clamp techniques." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): C485—C490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.2.c485.
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Previous studies have demonstrated a dihydropyridine-insensitive, receptor-activated calcium influx pathway in cultured human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. To further define the biophysical characteristics of this pathway, the relationship between membrane potential and cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was studied with the combined methods of the patch-clamp technique and single cell calcium imaging. The nystatin perforated-patch method was used to maintain normal intracellular calcium buffering and receptor-activated signal transduction processes in voltage-clamped cells. Single voltage-clamped human ASM cells responded to exposure to histamine (200 microM) with an initial transient rise in [Ca2+]i followed by a secondary sustained elevation that was dependent on extracellular calcium. Before agonist activation, step changes in holding potential produced only slight changes in [Ca2+]i, whereas, after activation, cells developed a sustained rise in [Ca2+]i that showed a large variation as a function of membrane potential. Depolarization from -80 to 0 mV caused a fall in the steady-state [Ca2+]i to basal levels or slightly below. Repolarization to -80 mV caused the redevelopment of the sustained phase of the calcium response. When calcium was removed from the extracellular fluid by the addition of a stoichiometric excess of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), the voltage dependence of the sustained phase was abolished. In a series of experiments, agonist addition evoked a 54-fold increase in the voltage dependence of calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Manning, M. R., D. C. Lowe, W. H. Melhuish, R. J. Sparks, Gavin Wallace, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, and R. C. McGill. "The Use of Radiocarbon Measurements in Atmospheric Studies." Radiocarbon 32, no. 1 (1990): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200039941.
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14C measured in trace gases in clean air helps to determine the sources of such gases, their long-range transport in the atmosphere, and their exchange with other carbon cycle reservoirs. In order to separate sources, transport and exchange, it is necessary to interpret measurements using models of these processes. We present atmospheric 14CO2 measurements made in New Zealand since 1954 and at various Pacific Ocean sites for shorter periods. We analyze these for latitudinal and seasonal variation, the latter being consistent with a seasonally varying exchange rate between the stratosphere and troposphere. The observed seasonal cycle does not agree with that predicted by a zonally averaged global circulation model. We discuss recent accelerator mass spectrometry measurements of atmospheric 14CH4 and the problems involved in determining the fossil fuel methane source. Current data imply a fossil carbon contribution of ca 25%, and the major sources of uncertainty in this number are the uncertainty in the nuclear power source of 14CH4, and in the measured value for δ14C in atmospheric methane.
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Hendrie, Gilly A., Emily Brindal, Danielle Baird, and Claire Gardner. "Improving children's dairy food and calcium intake: can intervention work? A systematic review of the literature." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012001322.
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AbstractObjectiveStrategies are needed to address the shortfall in children's dairy food and Ca intakes. The present review identified interventions targeting an increase in children's dairy food or Ca intakes, and determined characteristics associated with successful intervention.DesignA systematic literature search identified fourteen intervention studies, published in English, between 1990 and 2010. Studies were evaluated for study population, setting and mode of delivery, dietary targets and outcome measures, measures of intervention intensity, intervention description, the use of behaviour change techniques and intervention effectiveness.SettingInterventions targeting an increase in dairy food or Ca intake.SubjectsChildren aged 5–12 years.ResultsTen of the fourteen studies were considered to be effective. Studies focusing on encouraging intake of dairy foods or Ca alone were all effective, compared with 55 % of studies promoting dairy within the context of a healthy diet. Effective interventions tended to be higher in intensity, provide dairy foods and were delivered across a variety of settings to a range of primary targets. The number of behaviour change techniques used did not differentiate effective and ineffective interventions, but the use of taste exposure and prompting practice appeared to be important for effective intervention.ConclusionsInterventions that target an increase in children's dairy food or Ca intake could potentially increase children's dairy food intake by about one serving daily. Research conducted outside the USA is needed. The review has identified some promising strategies likely to be part of effective interventions for improving dairy and Ca intakes in countries where children's intake is insufficient.
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Veber, Marjan, John A. Koropchak, Timothy S. Conver, and John Herries. "Matrix Effects Studies with Fused-Silica Aperture Thermospray Sample Introduction to ICP-AES." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 10 (October 1992): 1525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370292789619151.
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Matrix effects with fused-silica aperture thermospray (FSApT) sample introduction for ICP-AES are found to be higher than those for pneumatic sample introduction. The effects are comparable to those reported for sample introduction to ICP-AES using ultrasonic nebulization with desolvation. The matrix effects for >mg/mL levels of Ca are found to be influenced by the thermospray operating temperature. By the use of higher thermospray temperatures, matrix effects due to transport losses are reduced to low levels, presumably by reduction of primary aerosol particle sizes. Background increases due to higher Ca input with the thermospray system result in small changes in background noise that do not appear to have a large effect on limits of detection (LODs). Matrix effects occurring within the plasma appear to be the primary source of interferences. Ca interferences can also be reduced or eliminated by appropriate adjustment of the aerosol carrier gas flow rate. For simultaneous multielement analysis, a compromise flow rate must be chosen. With the use of such compromise conditions, LODs for a wide range of elements were increased in the presence of Ca, but were on average within a factor of 1.7 of those obtained in the absence of Ca. LODs obtained for analytes in the presence of 1000–3000 μg/mL Ca for FSApT/ICP-AES were all below United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required limits for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) samples derived from concrete stabilized hazardous waste, while pneumatic sample introduction provided inadequate detection for half the key elements tested.
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Dreux, C., V. Imhoff, C. Huleux, S. Busson, and B. Rossignol. "Forskolin, a tool for rat parotid secretion studies: 45Ca efflux is not related to cAMP." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 251, no. 5 (November 1, 1986): C754—C762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.5.c754.
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In the present work, we investigated, by use of forskolin, whether adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) level and Ca movements were modulated sequentially or in parallel by the activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor in the rat parotid gland. Forskolin-induced [3H]protein secretion was dependent on external Ca, whereas isoproterenol-induced secretion was not. This effect was not due to a requirement of adenylate cyclase for Ca, since the cAMP level increase induced by forskolin was not Ca dependent. Furthermore isoproterenol induced 45Ca efflux, whereas forskolin did not. 45Ca efflux was correlated neither to cAMP nor to secretion, since when there was a massive augmentation of cAMP there was no change in 45Ca efflux, and forskolin, which induced much secretion, was unable to induce Ca efflux. Carbachol potentiated the secretion induced by forskolin in the absence of Ca, whereas it did not potentiate the isoproterenol-induced response. From these results we suggest that beta-adrenergic receptor activation would lead to two parallel events, cAMP accumulation and Ca movements, which together would lead to maximal secretion.
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Baudequin, Timothée, Hazel Wee, Zhanfeng Cui, and Hua Ye. "Towards Ready-to-Use Iron-Crosslinked Alginate Beads as Mesenchymal Stem Cell Carriers." Bioengineering 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020163.
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Micro-carriers, thanks to high surface/volume ratio, are widely studied as mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) in vitro substrate for proliferation at clinical rate. In particular, Ca-alginate-based biomaterials (sodium alginate crosslinked with CaCl2) are commonly investigated. However, Ca-alginate shows low bioactivity and requires functionalization, increasing labor work and costs. In contrast, films of sodium alginate crosslinked with iron chloride (Fe-alginate) have shown good bioactivity with fibroblasts, but MSCs studies are lacking. We propose a first proof-of-concept study of Fe-alginate beads supporting MSCs proliferation without functionalization. Macro- and micro-carriers were prepared (extrusion and electrospray) and we report for the first time Fe-alginate electrospraying optimization. FTIR spectra, stability with various mannuronic acids/guluronic acids (M/G) ratios and size distribution were analyzed before performing cell culture. After confirming literature results on films with human MSCs, we showed that Macro-Fe-alginate beads offered a better environment for MSCs adhesion than Ca-alginate. We concluded that Fe-alginate beads showed great potential as ready-to-use carriers.
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Ninh, Le Khuong, and Truong Diem Kieu. "Trade credit use by shrimp farmers in Ca Mau province." Journal of Economics and Development 21, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jed-09-2019-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers in Ca Mau. Design/methodology/approach Based on the literature review, the authors proposed six hypotheses on the determinants of the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers. Data collected from 120 shrimp farmers in Ca Mau were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings Two out of six determinants, i.e. the size of input order (a pulling factor) and the competition among input suppliers (a pushing factor), are significantly positively associated with the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers. No impact of the other determinants was found. The findings imply that shrimp farmers should join cooperatives to enhance access to trade credit and mitigate the risk for input suppliers. Originality/value This paper sheds light on the fact that trade credit is still granted to such risky buyers as shrimp farmers, which has not been explored by previous studies.
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Laframboise, S., R. Nedelcu, J. Murphy, D. E. C. Cole, and B. Rosen. "Use of CA-125 and ultrasound in high-risk women." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200201000-00014.
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Abstract.Laframboise S, Nedelcu R, Murphy J, Cole DEC, Rosen B. Use of CA-125 and ultrasound in high-risk women.Our objective was a retrospective study reporting on ovarian cancer screening in a high-risk female population using both CA-125 and ultrasound over a 7-year period. We used risk estimates of carrying a BRCA mutation that were based on family history. Subjects were screened with CA-125 and ultrasound every 6 months.Each of 311 high-risk subjects had between 1 and 17 screening visits. Overall, 33 of 1209 (2.7%) CA-125 results were abnormal (>35 U/ml); 226 of 1342 (17%) ultrasounds were abnormal, with abnormalities ranging from benign appearing cystic changes to more ominous patterns. Since entry into the program, 29 subjects (9%) have undergone surgery. In 20 of these, the preoperative screening was normal; in six, only the ultrasound was abnormal, and in two, only the CA-125 was abnormal (46–91 U/ml). In only one subject undergoing surgery were both serial CA-125 levels (52–91 U/ml) and ultrasound abnormal. In 7 years of screening, one patient (0.3%) has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer (stage IA, grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma). Overall, 31 (10%) subjects have completed BRCA testing. We conclude that despite screening results comparable to other studies, the detection of only one ovarian cancer over 7 years is lower than expected. Explanations for this observation are discussed. Despite the limitations of CA-125 and ultrasound, we continue to recommend these screening modalities for high-risk women. At the present time, they offer the best opportunity to detect ovarian cancers early. With increasing knowledge of BRCA testing, more women may benefit from this testing in assessing their personal risk.
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Velozo, Christianne, Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos, Diana Santana de Albuquerque, Belmiro Cavalcante do Egito Vasconcelos, Sandra Lúcia Dantas Moraes, and Eduardo Piza Pellizzer. "Antibacterial effectiveness of drug combinations with calcium hydroxide in apical periodontitis: A systematic review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): e55810414593. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14593.
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The aim of this systematic review was to compare the clinical performance of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as an intracanal medicament alone or combined with other antimicrobial agents. The PICO question was “Is the antibacterial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide paste as an intracanal medication combined with other drugs greater than that of calcium hydroxide paste alone in apical periodontitis?” The study was carried out according PRISMA guidelines and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020205741). Searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases without publication date restrictions. Inclusion: randomized clinical trials, non-randomized intervention studies, studies including a minimum of 10 patients, studies comparing the use of Ca(OH)2 alone and in combination with other compounds, studies evaluating primary and permanent teeth with apical periodontitis, and studies including teeth not submitted to retreatment. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RoB 2.0) was used to assess the internal validity (risk of bias) of the included studies. A total of 986 articles were retrieved and 12 randomized clinical trials were selected, totaling 499 patients included in the studies. The effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 plus chlorhexidine was similar to that of Ca(OH)2 alone in eight articles, while a better antibacterial effect was reported in three studies. The combination with ciprofloxacin was more effective than the use of Ca(OH)2 alone in the only study that tested this antibiotic. In teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis, the effectiveness of the combination of antimicrobial agents with Ca(OH)2 was similar to that of Ca(OH)2 alone.
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Jones, Peter J. A. "Laughing with Sacred Things, ca. 1100–1350: A History in Four Objects." Church History 89, no. 4 (December 2020): 759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640721000019.
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Exploring the range of circumstances in which medieval Christians laughed with, against, at, and through religious topics, this article investigates four objects: an ivory cross, an ampulla of a saint's blood, a preaching codex, and a pilgrim's badge. While these objects are taken to illustrate a diversity of attitudes to religious humor, they are also, in light of recent work citing the productive power of medieval matter, scrutinized as agents in their own right. The article suggests two significant patterns. On the one hand, the objects point to laughter's use as a unique mode of spiritual practice. Through amusing miracles, through the provocative work of comic sermons, and through the playful humor of pilgrimage badges, Christians from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries were able to use humor to relate to their faith in sophisticated and often counterintuitive ways. Yet as the four objects and their use also attest, these modes of comic relation were also subjected to clerical reduction and regulation. Harnessing the pedagogical potential of laughter especially, preachers, hagiographers, and clerics all worked to redirect more anarchic forms of religious humor toward functional ends. While tracing how laughter with Christian topics was increasingly encouraged, the article suggests that the price of this encouragement was that laughter was often brought into a more policed domain of orthodox Christian practice.
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Thomas, Anita J., Valda W. Bunker, Nidish Sodha, and Barbara E. Clayton. "Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of elderly inpatients: dietary intake, metabolic balance studies and biochemical status." British Journal of Nutrition 62, no. 1 (July 1989): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890021.
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The calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of a group of elderly inpatients was studied by use of duplicate meal analysis over a 5 d period and biochemical indices in twenty-one patients, and metabolic balance (5 d) in six of these. Mean daily Ca intake was lower than that of apparently healthy elderly subjects in metabolic equilibrium, although commensurate with present UK recommendations. Metabolic balance was negative for Ca. Mean daily Mg intake was approximately half the US recommendation, and half the intake at which metabolic balance has been observed in healthy elderly people. The five patients studied were in metabolic balance for Mg. Mean daily P intake was close to the UK recommendation, but negative metabolic balance was observed. The disparity between official recommendations for Ca intake, factors contributing to suboptimal Ca status, and measures that may improve Ca status in this group are discussed.
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Oliveira, Marco Aurelio Pinho, Thiers Soares Raymundo, Leila Cristina Soares, Thiago Rodrigues Dantas Pereira, and Alessandra Viviane Evangelista Demôro. "How to Use CA-125 More Effectively in the Diagnosis of Deep Endometriosis." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9857196.
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Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is a severe form of the disease. The median time interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis is around 8 years. In this prospective study patients were divided into two groups: cases (34 DIE patients) and control (20 tubal ligation patients). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of CA-125 measurement in the menstrual and midcycle phases of the cycle, as well as the difference in its levels between the two phases, for the early diagnosis of DIE. Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CA-125 in menstrual phase and of the difference between menstrual and midcycle phases had the best performance (both with AUC = 0.96), followed by CA-125 in the midcycle (AUC = 0.89). The ratio between menstrual and midcycle phases had the worst performance. CA-125 may be useful for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis, especially when both are collected during menstruation and in midcycle. These may help to decrease the long interval until the definitive diagnosis of DIE. Multicentric studies with larger samples should be performed to better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of measuring CA-125 in two different phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Fauquet, M., and C. Ziller. "A monoclonal antibody directed against quail tyrosine hydroxylase: description and use in immunocytochemical studies on differentiating neural crest cells." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 8 (August 1989): 1197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.8.2569003.
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Catecholamine (CA) synthesis is one of the phenotypic traits expressed by some neural crest-derived cells in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we have evidenced, in quail embryos, the expression of the first enzyme of CA metabolism, tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH), using a monoclonal antibody raised against the quail enzyme. This antibody also recognizes TOH from chick and pleurodele, but not from several mammalian species (rat, human). We have also investigated the extent to which TOH-positive cells, differentiated in neural crest cultures, express structural neuronal markers and display vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) immunoreactivity. Double-immunolabeling experiments show that, in vitro, half of the population of TOH-positive cells exhibits tetanus toxin binding sites but none of them are recognized by a neurofilament antibody. On the other hand, some TOH-positive cells contain VIP or SP. These observations suggest that under our culture conditions autonomic neural crest precursors differentiate only into immature sympathoblasts, but are able to synthesize peptides in addition to CA.
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De Paterna, L. Rodríguez, F. Arnaiz, J. Estenoz, B. Ortuño, and E. Lanzós. "Study of serum tumor markers CEA, CA 15.3 and CA 27.29 as diagnostic parameters in patients with breast carcinoma." International Journal of Biological Markers 10, no. 1 (January 1995): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089501000105.
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Serum levels of CEA, CA 15.3 and CA 27.29 were measured during the follow-up of 499 breast cancer patients. Studies included three different groups of women: 82 blood donors free of disease, 42 patients with non-malignant breast diseases and 499 breast cancer patients. After the determinaion of cut-off values, serum levels of tumor markers did not show significant elevations in benign breast diseases. On the basis of our results CA 15.3 (sensitivity = 57%; accuracy = 87%) was the most effective marker, CA 27.29 (sensitivity = 62%; accuracy = 83%) was the most sensitive and CEA (sensitivity = 45%; accuracy = 81%) was the least sensitive and effective marker. The combined use of markers was evaluated by step-wise logistic regression analysis. The regression coefficients showed that CA 15.3 (coeff. = 2.97) and CA 27.29 (coeff. = 1.46) were suitable for the detection of possible metastases during follow-up. Finally, we studied the relationship between pT, pN, pM and circulating levels of CA 15.3 and CA 27.29.
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Moreau, M., T. Corrège, E. P. Dassié, and F. Le Cornec. "Evidence for the non-influence of salinity variability on the coral Sr/Ca paleothermometer." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 1783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-1783-2014.
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Abstract. The influence of salinity in the incorporation of trace elements in the skeleton of calcareous organisms is still poorly known. Studies on foraminiferal Mg/Ca thermometry have suggested a bias due to Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) variations, leading to potential erroneous estimation of Mg/Ca-based Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Culture experiments seem to indicate that in three coral species (not including the widely used Porites genus), salinity does not influence the Sr/Ca thermometer. In this study, we test the salinity effect on coral Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions at monthly and interannual timescales in open-ocean environmental conditions, using a large spatial compilation of published coral data (mainly based on the Porites genus) originating from the Western Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the China Sea and the Red Sea and adding a new Eastern Pacific coral Sr/Ca record from the Clipperton atoll. We use simple and multiple regressions between Sr/Ca on one hand and SST and SSS on the other hand at the various sites. We find no evidence for a salinity bias on the Sr/Ca SST proxy for the two studied timescales. This study reinforces the use of coral Sr/Ca as a reliable paleothermometer.
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Pinto, Nuno, António P. Antunes, and Josep Roca. "A Cellular Automata Model for Integrated Simulation of Land Use and Transport Interactions." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030149.
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Cellular automata (CA) models have been used in urban studies for dealing with land use change. Transport and accessibility are arguably the main drivers of urban change and have a direct influence on land use. Land use and transport interaction models deal with the complexity of this relationship using many different approaches. CA models incorporate these drivers, but usually consider transport (and accessibility) variables as exogenous. Our paper presents a CA model where transport variables are endogenous to the model and are calibrated along with the land use variables to capture the interdependent complexity of these phenomena. The model uses irregular cells and a variable neighborhood to simulate land use change, taking into account the effect of the road network. Calibration is performed through a particle swarm algorithm. We present an application of the model to a comparison of scenarios for the construction of a ring road in the city of Coimbra, Portugal. The results show the ability of the CA model to capture the influence of change of the transport network (and thus in accessibility) in the land use dynamics.
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Aoki, Tomohiro, and Masaki Nishimura. "The Development and the Use of Experimental Animal Models to Study the Underlying Mechanisms of CA Formation." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/535921.
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Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) have a high prevalence and can cause a lethal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Currently, CAs can only be treated with invasive surgical procedures. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of CA formation and to develop new therapeutic drugs for CAs, animal models of CA have been established, modified, and analyzed. Experimental findings from these models have clarified some of the potential mechanisms of CA formation, especially the relationship between hemodynamic stress and chronic inflammation. Increased hemodynamic stress acting at the site of bifurcation of cerebral arteries triggers an inflammatory response mediated by various proinflammatory molecules in arterial walls, inducing pathological changes in the models similar to those observed in the walls of human CAs. Findings from animal studies have provided new insights into CA formation and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic drugs for CAs.
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Brautović, Mato, Julijana Antić Brautović, and Romana John. "Use of Pre-web Computer Networks to Give Information About the Attacks on Dubrovnik and Vukovar." Collegium antropologicum 46, no. 4 (2022): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.46.4.2.
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Although, 30-years ago, there was a limited number of computer networks and computers in the former Yugoslavia, as well as worldwide, they were used by academia and the elites, who had enough knowledge and access to computers and to modems. Their views on the political situation, which have been preserved in the digital world, may give valuable insight into events, and, notably, about how these elites perceived/participated in the collapse of the State, and how the public in different Yugoslavian republics articulated their views. The main problem relating to this kind of approach was the limited resources that were available, as the majority of the digital documents have been lost forever, so studying this topic through the use of pre-web digital documents looked more like digital archeology, and less like historical/textual analysis. This paper was written based on two case studies: the bulletin board systems (BBS) Sezam BBS, and the e-mail distribution list Pisma Bralcev, and how they were used to report on the Yugoslav People's Army’s attacks on Dubrovnik and Vukovar in Fall, 1991. In the first case, the study examines ‘Sezam BBS’, which was based in Belgrade and was used by Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian academics, politicians and journalists, and was, at the time, the most popular forum open to the public, and was under no government control. The second case was the email distribution list, Pisma Bralcev, which was run by Slovenian academics and was used for the distribution of news abroad. The data for analysis was collected through archival research on original discussions, e-mails, reports, etc. The main findings show that the bulletin board systems, discussion groups and e-mail enabled the first forums for the exchange of opposing ideas, and they became places in which the Yugoslavian elite could be informed beyond the information that was given by the mass media and politically controlled sources.
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Wagner, Gernot, Anna Glechner, Emma Persad, Irma Klerings, Gerald Gartlehner, Deddo Moertl, and Sabine Steiner. "Risk of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Peripheral Angiography with Carbon Dioxide Compared to Iodine-Containing Contrast Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 7203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237203.
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The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the comparative evidence on the risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) with CO2 or iodinated contrast medium (ICM) for peripheral vascular interventions. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Epistemonikos, PubMed-similar-articles, clinical trial registries, journal websites, and reference lists up to February 2022. We included studies comparing the risk of CA-AKI in patients who received CO2 or ICM for peripheral angiography with or without endovascular intervention. Two reviewers screened the references and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. We extracted data on study population, interventions and outcomes. For the risk of CA-AKI as our primary outcome of interest, we calculated risk ratios (RRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and performed random-effects meta-analyses. We identified three RCTs and five cohort studies that fully met our eligibility criteria. Based on a random-effects meta-analysis, the risk of CA-AKI was lower with CO2 compared to ICM (8.6% vs. 15.2%; RR, 0.59; 95% CI 0.33–1.04). Only limited results from a few studies were available on procedure and fluoroscopy time, radiation dose and CO2-related adverse events. The evidence suggests that the use of CO2 for peripheral vascular interventions reduces the risk of CA-AKI compared to ICM. However, due to the relevant residual risk of CA-AKI with the use of CO2, other AKI risk factors must be considered in patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions.
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Payne, Martha E., Douglas R. McQuoid, David C. Steffens, and John J. B. Anderson. "Elevated brain lesion volumes in older adults who use calcium supplements: a cross-sectional clinical observational study." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000828.
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Recent studies have implicated Ca supplements in vascular risk elevation, and therefore these supplements may also be associated with the occurrence of brain lesions (or hyperintensities) in older adults. These lesions represent damage to brain tissue that is caused by ischaemia. In the present cross-sectional clinical observational study, the association between Ca-containing dietary supplement use and lesion volumes was investigated in a sample of 227 older adults (60 years and above). Food and supplemental Ca intakes were assessed with the Block 1998 FFQ; participants with supplemental Ca intake above zero were categorised as supplement users. Lesion volumes were determined from cranial MRI (1·5 tesla) scans using a semi-automated technique; volumes were log-transformed because they were non-normal. ANCOVA models revealed that supplement users had greater lesion volumes than non-users, even after controlling for food Ca intake, age, sex, race, years of education, energy intake, depression and hypertension (Ca supplement use: β = 0·34, se 0·10, F1,217= 10·98, P= 0·0011). The influence of supplemental Ca use on lesion volume was of a magnitude similar to that of the influence of hypertension, a well-established risk factor for lesions. Among the supplement users, the amount of supplemental Ca was not associated with lesion volume (β = − 0·000035, se 0·00 015, F1,139= 0·06, P= 0·81). The present study demonstrates that the use of Ca-containing dietary supplements, even low-dose supplements, by older adults may be associated with greater lesion volumes. Evaluation of randomised controlled trials is warranted to determine whether this relationship is a causal one.
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SLONIMSKA, ANITA, ASLI ÖZYÜREK, and OLGA CAPIRCI. "Using depiction for efficient communication in LIS (Italian Sign Language)." Language and Cognition 13, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 367–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2021.7.
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abstractMeanings communicated with depictions constitute an integral part of how speakers and signers actually use language (Clark, 2016). Recent studies have argued that, in sign languages, depicting strategy like constructed action (CA), in which a signer enacts the referent, is used for referential purposes in narratives. Here, we tested the referential function of CA in a more controlled experimental setting and outside narrative context. Given the iconic properties of CA we hypothesized that this strategy could be used for efficient information transmission. Thus, we asked if use of CA increased with the increase in the information required to be communicated. Twenty-three deaf signers of LIS described unconnected images, which varied in the amount of information represented, to another player in a director–matcher game. Results revealed that participants used CA to communicate core information about the images and also increased the use of CA as images became informatively denser. The findings show that iconic features of CA can be used for referential function in addition to its depictive function outside narrative context and to achieve communicative efficiency.
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Claeys, A., R. Van Den Eynde, and S. Rex. "The use of cognitive aids in the operating room: a systematic review." Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica 73, no. 3 (September 2022): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56126/73.3.18.
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Background: Cognitive aids (CAs) are clinical tools guiding clinical decision-making during critical events in the operating room. They may counteract the adverse effects of stress on the non-technical skills of the attending clinician(s). Although most clinicians acknowledge the importance of CAs, their uptake in clinical practice seems to be lagging behind. This situation has led us to investigate which features of CAs may enhance their uptake. Therefore, in this systematic review we explored the optimums regarding the 1) timing to consult the CA, 2) person consulting the CA, 3) location of the CA in the operating room, 4) CA design (paper vs. electronic), 5) CA lay-out, 6) reader of the CA and 7) if the use of CAs in the form of decision support tools lead to improved outcome. Methods: Seven PICO-questions guided our literature search in 4 biomedical databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar). We selected English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies and expert opinions discussing the use of cognitive aids during life-threatening events in the operating theatre. Articles discussing non-urgent or non-operating room settings were excluded. The quality of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: We found 7 RCTs, 14 observational studies and 6 expert opinions. All trials were conducted in a simulation environment. The person who should trigger the use of a cognitive aid and the optimal timing of its initiation, could not be defined by the current literature. The ideal location of the cognitive aids remains also unclear. A favorable lay-out of an aid should be well-structured, standardized and easily readable. In addition, several potentially beneficial design features are described. RCT’s could not demonstrate a possible superiority of either electronic or paper-based aids. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, electronic decision support tools are potentially associated with an enhanced performance of the clinician. Likewise, the presence of a reader was associated with an improved performance of key steps in the management of a critical event. However, it remains unclear who should fulfill this role. Conclusion: Several features of the design or utilization of CAs may play a role in enhancing the uptake of CAs in clinical practice during the management of a critical event in the operating room. However, robust evidence supporting the use of a certain feature over another is lacking.
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Sescu, Amalia Maria, Maria Harja, Lidia Favier, Laurence Oughebbi Berthou, Consuelo Gomez de Castro, Aurel Pui, and Doina Lutic. "Zn/La Mixed Oxides Prepared by Coprecipitation: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Studies." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214916.
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Mixed oxides containing zinc and lanthanum were prepared by coprecipitation in alkaline medium, followed by calcination at 400 °C. The initial precipitation product and the calcined form were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method adsorption of nitrogen at −196 °C, Scanning Electron Microscopy/Electron-Probe Microanalysis (SEM/EPM), Ultraviolet—Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The band gap slightly changes from 3.23 eV to 3 eV by calcination. The photocatalytic performance of the solids were investigated in diluted aqueous medium, by using clofibric acid (CA), a stable and toxic molecule used as precursor in some pesticides and drugs, as test compound, possibly found in the wastewaters in low concentrations. The effects of the degradation extent, determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC) measurements, were investigated at different initial concentrations of CA. Within about 60 min the CA degradation is almost total at low concentration values (3 ppm) and reaches over 80% in 180 min for an initial concentration of 50 ppm. Moreover, the CA removal performance of photocatalyst remains excellent after three cycles of use: the removal yield was practically total after 60 min in the first two cycles and reached 95% even in the third cycle.
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Leung, Puiki, Stenio Cristaldo Heck, Tazdin Amietszajew, Mohd Rusllim Mohamed, Maria Belen Conde, Richard J. Dashwood, and Rohit Bhagat. "Performance and polarization studies of the magnesium–antimony liquid metal battery with the use of in-situ reference electrode." RSC Advances 5, no. 101 (2015): 83096–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08606j.
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This work presents the performance and polarization studies of a magnesium–antimony liquid metal battery with the use of an in situ pseudo reference electrode at high operating temperature (ca. 700 °C).
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Deng, Xin, Miao Zeng, Dingde Xu, Feng Wei, and Yanbin Qi. "Household Health and Cropland Abandonment in Rural China: Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Evidence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 3588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193588.
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Prior studies have fully explored the impacts of rural labor migration on land use forms. In contrast to prior studies, this study focuses on the health status of rural households and its quantitative impacts on cropland abandonment (CA). More specifically, under the guidance of the theoretical mechanism of “household health affects CA by labor supply”, this study employs survey data from 8031 households collected in 27 Chinese provinces in 2014 to explore the quantitative impacts of household health on CA. The results are as follows. (1) The higher the level of household health is, the less CA there is. (2) Compared with males, the impact of female health status on CA is more obvious. Thus, the relationship between household health and CA matters, not only because it may help to theoretically enhance the understanding of the importance of health in peasant households, but also because it may help to practically provide references for effective policies of CA from the perspective of rural medical services.
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Dao, Hai Hong, Ky Viet Nguyen, Vuong Tran Bui, and Tu Dinh Nguyen. "Some opinions about the groundwater origin formation of middle – upper Pleistocene aquifer in Ca Mau peninsula." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i3.1454.
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In Ca Mau peninsula region, groundwater resource is the main source of water supply for agriculture, industry, domestic uses. In this paper, the authors study groundwater origin in middle - upper pleistocene (qp2-3) aquifer in Ca Mau peninsula and give some opinions about the groundwater origin formation for planning and managing reasonable, safe, and sustainable. There are many studies about groundwater origin in the Mekong delta plains and these studies showed different results. Up till now, there is not a consensus on an exact origin of groundwater in Mekong delta plains, especially in Ca Mau peninsula. Therefore, the authors use the Xulin approach to determine groundwater origin based on the concentration of ions Na+, Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+. Then we use Piper diagram, Gibbs plot, Mercado plot, and hydro-geochemical section plot to explain the origin of groundwater in Ca Mau peninsula region. The results show that there are 4 types of groundwater origin in the studied region: magnesium – chloride, marine origin; calcium – chloride, deep metamorphic environment; sodium – sulfate, the continental leaching origin; bicacbonnat-sodium, continental environment. The groundwater origins relate to the marine transgression and regression process, or weathering, leaching, and freshwash processes. The groundwater origin formation do not have participation of rainfall water and river water, which are two important components contribute to the groundwater recharge formation. Therefore, researching groundwater recharge of th e qp2-3 aquifer in the Ca Mau peninsula is according to other aspects.
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MOORE, CHRISTINA M., and BRIAN W. SHELDON. "Use of Time–Temperature Integrators and Predictive Modeling To Evaluate Microbiological Quality Loss in Poultry Products." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.2.280.
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The purpose of this study was to characterize the kinetics of the spoilage process of chicken drumsticks in order to evaluate the application of an enzyme process–based time–temperature integrator (TTI) as a continuous quality monitor of poultry products. Shelf life studies were conducted at several temperatures (3 to 20°C) to characterize (i) the poultry spoilage process as a function of total aerobic bacteria and Pseudomonas species populations and (ii) the TTI chroma response function. Two types of poultry products were examined: ice-packed and chill-packed drumsticks. An enzyme-based TTI with a color change response from green to yellow was used. Activation energies for each of the poultry products and each of the bacterial populations were as follows: 21.8 ± 1.6 kcal/mol (ca. 91.2 ± 6.7 kJ/mol) for ice-packed drumsticks and total aerobic population, 18.8 ± 4.5 kcal/mol ca. 78.7 ± 18.8 kJ/mol) for ice-packed drumsticks and Pseudomonas spp., 17.0 ± 2.3 kcal/mol (ca. 71.1 ± 9.6 kJ/mol) for chill-packed drumsticks and total aerobic population, and 14.1 ± 3.6 kcal/mol (ca. 59.0 ± 15.1 kJ/mol) for chill-packed drumsticks and Pseudomonas spp. The activation energy calculated for the TTI, 19.1 ± 1.8 kcal/mol (ca. 79.9 ± 7.5 kJ/mol), was determined to be adequately close to that of the poultry spoilage process to make effective quality predictions possible. Initial bacteria levels on the chicken drumsticks were uniform and not judged as important limiting factors in the application of TTIs to poultry products. Because the poultry spoilage process was reasonably characterized on the basis of Arrhenius kinetics, there is further need to conduct validation studies to determine the ability of TTIs to provide a continuous quality monitoring system.
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Lai, Chuk Ling Julian, Daryl Yu Heng Lee, and Monique On Yee Leung. "Childhood Adversities and Salivary Cortisol Responses to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Systematic Review of Studies Using the Children Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010029.
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Alteration in cortisol response to acute social stressors has been hypothesized to mediate childhood adversities (CA) and increased morbidity in adulthood. However, the evidence supporting an association between CA and cortisol response to social stressors is inconclusive. The present review addressed this issue by reviewing the literature on CA and cortisol response to acute social stressors, with a focus on studies with adolescents or adults, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to assess CA, and examining salivary cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Systematic searches of relevant articles in PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect in February and March 2020 identified 12 articles including 1196 participants with mean ages ranging from 15.3 to 52.3 yrs. across studies. CTQ scores were significantly associated with cortisol response in 2 studies. In addition, the physical abuse and emotional neglect subscales were associated with cortisol response respectively in 2 separate studies. The lack of association between CA and cortisol response calls for more longitudinal studies, and the use of formal records of maltreatment or informant reports in future research to complement information collected by retrospective measures. In addition, increased attention to biological mechanisms other than that associated with the regulation of cortisol in explaining the connection between CA and psychiatry morbidity is warranted.
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Koruza, Katarina, Bénédicte Lafumat, Maria Nyblom, Wolfgang Knecht, and Zoë Fisher. "From Initial Hit to Crystal Optimization with Microseeding of Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX—A Case Study for Neutron Protein Crystallography." Crystals 8, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8110434.
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Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a multi-domain membrane protein that is therefore difficult to express or crystalize. To prepare crystals that are suitable for neutron studies, we are using only the catalytic domain of CA IX with six surface mutations, named surface variant (SV). The crystallization of CA IX SV, and also partly deuterated CA IX SV, was enabled by the use of microseed matrix screening (MMS). Only three drops with crystals were obtained after initial sparse matrix screening, and these were used as seeds in subsequent crystallization trials. Application of MMS, commercial screens, and refinement resulted in consistent crystallization and diffraction-quality crystals. The crystallization protocols and strategies that resulted in consistent crystallization are presented. These results demonstrate not only the use of MMS in the growth of large single crystals for neutron studies with defined conditions, but also that MMS enabled re-screening to find new conditions and consistent crystallization success.
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Qu, Rui, and Guilin Han. "Effects of high Ca and Mg stress on plants water use efficiency in a Karst ecosystem." PeerJ 10 (August 17, 2022): e13925. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13925.
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Background Karst ecosystems are widely distributed in the world, with one of the largest continuous Karst landforms in Southwest China. Karst regions are characterized by water shortage, high soil calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content, and soil nutrient leaching, resulting in drought stress and growth limitation of plants. Methods This study compared nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Ca, and Mg of herbaceous and woody plants in a small Karst ecosystem in Southwest China. The indexes of water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated to identify the drought stress of plants in this Karst ecosystem. Meanwhile, the relationship between Ca and Mg accumulation and WUE was evaluated in herbaceous and woody plants. Results Herbaceous plants showed a higher content of leaf N (13.4 to 40.1 g·kg−1), leaf P (2.2 to 4.8 g·kg−1) and leaf K (14.6 to 35.5 g·kg−1) than woody plants (N: 10.4 g to 22.4 g·kg−1; P: 0.4 to 2.3 g·kg−1; K: 5.7 to 15.5 g·kg−1). Herbaceous plants showed a significantly positive correlation between WUE and K:Ca ratio (R = 0.79), while WUE has a strongly positive correlation with K:Mg ratio in woody plants (R = 0.63). Conclusion Herbaceous plants suffered from nitrogen (N) limitation, and woody plants were constrained by P or N+P content. Herbaceous plants had higher leaf N, P, and K than woody plants, while Ca and Mg showed no significant differences, probably resulting from the Karst environment of high Ca and Mg contents. Under high Karst Ca and Mg stress, herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to Ca and Mg stress, respectively. WUE of herbaceous plants is more sensitive to Ca stress, while that of woody plants is more sensitive to Mg stress. These findings establish a link between plant nutrients and hydraulic processes in a unique Karst ecosystem, further facilitating studies of the nutrient-water cycling system in the ecosystem.
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do Nascimento, Henrique Fonseca Sousa, Plínio Cerqueira dos Santos Cardoso, Helem Ferreira Ribeiro, Tatiane Cristina Mota, Lorena Monteiro Gomes, André Salim Khayat, Adriana Costa Guimarães, Marucia Irena Medeiros Amorim, Rommel Rodriguéz Burbano, and Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia. "In vitro assessment of anticytotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of CANOVA®." Homeopathy 105, no. 03 (August 2016): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2016.04.003.
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Background: CANOVA® (CA) is a homeopathic immunomodulator. It contains several homeopathic medicines prepares according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. CA is indicated in clinical conditions in which the immune system is impaired and against tumors. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) is an N-nitroso compound, with genotoxic/mutagenic properties. Although several studies have shown promising results in the use of CA, there are no studies reporting possible antigenotoxic effects. Method: This study evaluated the in vitro antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of CA in human lymphocytes exposed to NMU. Samples of human lymphocytes that were subjected to different concentrations of a mixture containing CA and NMU were used. The genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity of CA was evaluated by the comet assay, anticytotoxicity was assessed by quantification of apoptosis and necrosis using acridine orange/ethidium bromide. Results: CA significantly reduced DNA damage induced by NMU and reduced significantly the frequency of NMU-induced apoptosis after 24 h of treatment. Conclusion: CA has an important cytoprotective effect significantly reducing the DNA damage and apoptosis induced by the carcinogen NMU.
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Manfrè, L., A. Mangiameli, G. Caruso, A. Banco, C. Sarno, O. Daniele, and M. De Maria. "Familial Cavernous Angioma: MRI Study of three Generation in two Italian Families and Literature Review." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 4 (August 1997): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099701000404.
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According to recent magnetic resonance imaging studies, cavernous angioma (CA) seems to involve the central nervous system in 0.5%-1% of the population 1 - in a similar percentage to a large autopsy series 2. The incidence of familial CA is unknown 3: the first paper in the literature concerning familial CA was published in 1936 5: recently however, thank to the widespread use of MR, at least 13 families have been described. We report MR findings in two Italian families with familial CA. In conclusion, familial CA should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with intracranial haemorrhage, seizures or cerebrovascular disease.
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Hepenstal, Sam, Leishi Zhang, Neesha Kodagoda, and B. l. william Wong. "Developing Conversational Agents for Use in Criminal Investigations." ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 11, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3444369.
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The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in environments that involve high risk and high consequence decision-making is severely hampered by critical design issues. These issues include system transparency and brittleness, where transparency relates to (i) the explainability of results and (ii) the ability of a user to inspect and verify system goals and constraints; and brittleness, (iii) the ability of a system to adapt to new user demands. Transparency is a particular concern for criminal intelligence analysis, where there are significant ethical and trust issues that arise when algorithmic and system processes are not adequately understood by a user. This prevents adoption of potentially useful technologies in policing environments. In this article, we present a novel approach to designing a conversational agent (CA) AI system for intelligence analysis that tackles these issues. We discuss the results and implications of three different studies; a Cognitive Task Analysis to understand analyst thinking when retrieving information in an investigation, Emergent Themes Analysis to understand the explanation needs of different system components, and an interactive experiment with a prototype conversational agent. Our prototype conversational agent, named Pan, demonstrates transparency provision and mitigates brittleness by evolving new CA intentions. We encode interactions with the CA with human factors principles for situation recognition and use interactive visual analytics to support analyst reasoning. Our approach enables complex AI systems, such as Pan, to be used in sensitive environments, and our research has broader application than the use case discussed.
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Brunati, Chiara Carla Maria, Francesca Gervasi, Costanza Casati, Maria Luisa Querques, Alberto Montoli, and Giacomo Colussi. "Phosphate and Calcium Control in Short Frequent Hemodialysis with the NxStage System One Cycler: Mass Balance Studies and Comparison with Standard Thrice-Weekly Bicarbonate Dialysis." Blood Purification 45, no. 4 (2018): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487123.
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Background: Short frequent dialysis with NxStage System One cycler (NSO) has become increasingly popular as home hemodialysis prescription. Short dialysis sessions with NSO might not allow adequate phosphate (P) removal. Methods: Single-session and weekly balances of P and calcium (Ca) were compared in 14 patients treated with NSO (6 sessions/week) and in 14 patients on standard bicarbonate dialysis (BHD). Results: NSO and BHD showed similar plasma P fall, with end-dialysis plasma P slightly lower in BHD (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.8 mg/dL, p < 0.02). Single-session P removal was lower in NSO, but weekly removal was higher (3,488 ± 1,181 mg vs. 2,634 ± 878, p < 0.003). Plasma Ca increase was lower in NSO, with similar PTH fall. Ca balance varied according to start plasma Ca, dialysate to blood Ca gradient and net ultrafiltration. Conclusions: short, frequent home hemodialysis with NSO, on a 6/week-based prescription, allows higher weekly P removal than BHD. With the dialysate Ca concentration in use (6 mg/dL), total plasma Ca and iCa concentration increase is lower in NSO.
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Khan, Mobashwir, Anurag Komanduri, Kalin Pacheco, Cemal Ayvalik, Kimon Proussaloglou, James J. Brogan, Mark McCourt, and Ryan Mak. "Findings from the California Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (June 13, 2019): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119849400.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the findings from the California Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (CA-VIUS) which was administered between June 2016 and January 2018 and obtained data from a total of 11,118 fleets and 14,790 trucks. The surveys were segmented by registration, geography, vehicle type, and vehicle age, and the data collection effort exceeded sampling targets across almost all segments. The CA-VIUS is the largest statewide commercial vehicle data collection effort in the United States and will replace the 2002 National VIUS in transportation planning and emissions studies throughout California. Currently, the wealth of information provided by the survey is supporting the development of the California Statewide Freight Forecasting Model which is a fine-grained behavioral freight model. This model will allow California Department of Transportation and its partners to make more informed infrastructure and operational investment decisions. The CA-VIUS data will also be useful for researchers and practitioners hoping to understand the impacts and benefits of commercial vehicle movements on air quality, economic activity, safety, and vehicle usage. This paper documents key sampling and survey approaches, but mainly focuses on the key findings observed in the survey. This is a practical paper geared towards practitioners who are seeking to analyze a new VIUS survey and those who wish to implement one of their own.
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Gabelman, W. H., G. C. Gerloff, Terry Schettini, and Robert Coltman. "Genetic Variability in Root Systems Associated with Nutrient Acquisition and Use." HortScience 21, no. 4 (August 1986): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.4.971.
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Abstract Variability within the plant kingdom for nutrient acquisition and use reflects differences in root morphology and differences in mechanisms that either aid or prevent ion movement into the root. This variability implies genetic variance, yet few genetic studies have been completed. Methods of studying acquisition and their application to genetic research and interpretation are presented for K, Ca, and P.
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Scacchetti, Fabio A. P., Daniela S. de Almeida, Roberta Santos, Marcos H. S. Santana, Fabrício M. Bezerra, Mônica Lopes Aguiar, and Leila D. Martins. "Preliminary Studies on Antimicrobial Properties for Nanofiber Air Filters." Materials Science Forum 1063 (June 10, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wykmip.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential antimicrobial activity of biodegradable cellulose acetate (CA)/ cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) nanofiber filters produced by electrospinning technique. Samples of these nanofibers were produced over a nonwoven substrate, using a polymeric solution in the electrospinning process. Wettability tests were performed by measuring the contact angle of droplets of water deposited on their surface. The evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the nanofibers was performed for Escherichia coli using quantitative methods. Regarding the contact angle measurement, it presented about 63o, showing that this material can be wetted by water. The antibacterial test results showed that the use of the surfactant provides antibacterial properties to the CA/CPB nanofibers, presenting 100% reduction for bacteria. Further studies are necessary, however, these preliminary results showed that, based on these features, the nanofibers could be applied as a filter media for indoor air conditioning systems, mainly due to their biocidal properties.
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Eksin, Ece, Deniz Işın, Didem Nur Unal, and Arzum Erdem. "Electrochemical Monitoring of Interaction of Temozolamide with DNA by Graphene Oxide Modified Single-Use Electrodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 026513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4db1.
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Graphene oxide (GO) modified single-use pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were used for electrochemical monitoring of surface confined interaction between Temozolamide (TMZ) and calf thymus double stranded DNA (ctdsDNA). First, the PGE surface was activated by EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) as covalent agents (CA). Then, modification of GO was done onto the surface of chemically activated PGE surface to obtain CA-GO-PGEs. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were used to establish the interfacial electron transfer of the electrodes. The optimization of experimental conditions was carried out via CV technique followed by electrochemical examination of the interaction of TMZ with ctdsDNA.
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Dumay, John, and Linlin Cai. "Using content analysis as a research methodology for investigating intellectual capital disclosure." Journal of Intellectual Capital 16, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 121–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-04-2014-0043.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build on Dumay and Cai’s (2014) prior research to provide a deeper analysis of the problems associated with using content analysis (CA) as a research methodology for investigating intellectual capital disclosure (ICD). Design/methodology/approach – Totally, 110 articles utilising CA as a research methodology for inquiring into ICD are analysed based on Krippendorff’s (2013) conceptual CA research framework and design logic, and tied into issues relating to CA as a research methodology for investigating ICD. Findings – The authors advocate that ICD CA researchers need to go back to the drawing board and ensure that future studies rigorously apply the basic logic of CA design. In its current state, ICD CA research needs to take a few steps back, before it can move forward. If ICD CA researchers can accomplish this, then there is an opportunity to undertake rigorous research to develop reliable and valid outputs that add to new knowledge about IC. Research limitations/implications – The main limitations of the research are the chosen sample of CA-based ICD articles and the adoption of the Krippendorff’s framework. However, the authors have identified the main corpus of CA-based ICD studies and since Krippendorff is the only recognised comprehensive text on CA as a methodology, the authors use the most appropriate data and framework possible for the analysis. Originality/value – Prior CA studies have laid the foundation for what is a popular research methodology. However, the authors argue that the popularity of CA as a research method for investigating ICD has become so great that at times the research methodology “drives the research questions” as opposed to the “research questions driving the methodology” Hence, this research examines reasons for CA limited contemporary contribution and recommends how this may be overcome rather than prescribing how to conduct ICD CA research.