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Journal articles on the topic 'CA Networks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Zhao, Yifan, Shengjie Zhou, Hongwei Ding, Shaowen Yao, Zhijun Yang, and Qianlin Liu. "CSMA/CA MAC Protocol with Function of Monitoring based on Binary Tree Conflict Resolution for Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2016040103.

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The CSMA/CA protocol is the most widely-compete agreement used by a network. Therefore, MAC layer of cognitive radio networks mostly use the CSMA/CA protocol to provide the competitive channel resources. Due to the unique characteristics and related needs of the cognitive radio networks, design their network protocol is a critical task. For its characteristics, design and implement a comprehensive CSMA/CA protocol, including arrival rate control, priority services, monitoring, conflict resolution and increased throughput; elaborated protocol model, system throughput and other parameters, demonstrates the correctness of the CSMA/CA protocol; comparison with other protocols, highlighting the advantages of the agreement.

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2

OBELOVSKA, Kvitoslava, Khrystyna PELEKH, Yury PELEKH, and Yaromir SNAICHUK. "ANALYSIS OF THE CSMA/CA SCHEME FOR WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 315, no. 6(1) (December 29, 2022): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-315-6-148-152.

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The current stage of telecommunication technologies development is characterized by the rapid growth use of wireless technologies in access networks and the growth requirements for its quality. The bottleneck that significantly reduces the bandwidth of each subscriber connection is that the total bandwidth of the wireless local network is shared among its active members by the shared technology used. The access management sub-layer to the shared physical environment is responsible for this in the network architecture. The main method used at this sub-layer is the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme. This work is devoted to the analysis of CSMA/CA scheme and the development of an analytical model for its further study and use for the improvement of wireless local networks. The input data is a transition state diagram of a local area wireless network station in data transmission mode. According to the CSMA/CA scheme, stations cannot change their state after starting frame transmission until a confirmation frame of successful reception arrives from the addressee or until the time to wait for it expires. Considering this, it is proposed to use a simplified transition state diagram for the analysis. The operation of the station by the simplified transition state diagram is described using a system of differential equations. As a result of the solution of this system, expressions representing the probability of the station being in each of its states as a function of the intensities of the station’s transitions from each state to another are derived. The values of these intensities depend on both the outgoing traffic of the station and the traffic in the network. The resulting expressions can be used in further work on the analysis of the CSMA/CA scheme, as they make it possible to estimate the operation of the station at different ratios of the station’s output traffic and external traffic generated by other stations of the network. This can be used to develop an enhanced algorithm station operation of wireless local area networks by adapting the parameters of the CSMA/CA scheme to specific current loads of both the station and the network.

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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, and JUAN PABLO CÁRDENAS. "EFFECT OF MEMORY ON BOOLEAN NETWORKS WITH DISORDERED DYNAMICS: THE K = 4 CASE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 08 (August 2007): 1313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107011340.

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In standard Cellular Automata (CA) and Boolean Networks (BN), the new state of a cell depends on the neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. The effect of implementing memory in cells on CA, CA on networks and BN with different degrees of random rewiring is studied in this paper paying attention to the particular case of four inputs. As a rule, memory in cells induces a moderation in the rate of changing cells and in the damage spreading, albeit in the latter case memory turns out ineffective in the control of the damage as the wiring network moves away of the ordered structure that features proper CA.

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4

Jiang, Jianliang, Junxue Zhai, Yiqun Zhang, and Yakai Feng. "Biomimetic Engineering Preparation of High Mechanical and Flame Retardant Elastomers by Introducing Sacrificial Bonds in Covalently Cross-Linked Chloroprene Rubber." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 10, 2023): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163367.

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Designing and preparing chloroprene rubber (CR) with robust mechanical and excellent flame retardancy performance are challenging. In this work, a biomimetic design for high mechanical and flame-retardant CR by synchronous introducing of sacrificial bond (disulfide) crosslinked networks into the chemically crosslinked network is developed based on two new types of vulcanization reactions. Under the catalysis of Mg(OH)2, the dynamic bond cross-linked network is formed by the reaction between the amino group of cystamine dihydrochloride (CA) and the allylic chlorine group of CR, while the covalently crosslinked network is synchronously formed by two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions in series between Mg(OH)2 and CR. The disulfide bonds serve as sacrificial bonds that preferentially rupture prior to the covalent network, dissipating energy and facilitating rubber chain orientation, so a CA-0.5 sample (CR/CA(0.5 wt%)/Mg(OH)2 (10 wt%) with dual crosslinked networks exhibits excellent mechanical performance, and the tensile strength and elongation at the break of CA-0.5 are 1.41 times and 1.17 times greater than those of the CR-0 sample with covalently crosslinked networks, respectively. Moreover, the addition of Mg(OH)2 significantly improves the flame retardancy of CR.

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5

Laufer, Rafael, and Leonard Kleinrock. "The Capacity of Wireless CSMA/CA Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 24, no. 3 (June 2016): 1518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2015.2415465.

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6

Nidd, M., and D. Husemann. "CA-PK: conditional access for broadcast networks." Software: Practice and Experience 33, no. 5 (2003): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.514.

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Kowtarapu, Chakravarthy, Chetan Anand, Guruprasad K.G., and Shishir Sharma. "Network separation and IPsec CA certificates-based security management for 4G networks." Bell Labs Technical Journal 13, no. 4 (February 25, 2009): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20347.

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8

Liu, Dong Mei, and Jun Song Zhang. "On the Model Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Library Information Service." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4570.

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In wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee,we often see such a model that full symmetric transmission model of competition for channel resources based on CSMA/CA algorithm. For the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of entire network,this paper establishes a model that communicate as planned which based on CSMA/CA algorithm.

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9

Gupta, A. K., and W. J. Dally. "Topology Optimization of Interconnection Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2006.8.

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10

Peregudov, Maksim, and Anatoliy Steshkovoy. "Digital Radio Networks Centralized Elements Synchronization Model with Random Multiple Access to the CSMA/CA Type Medium." SPIIRAS Proceedings 19, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 128–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/10.15622/sp.2020.19.1.5.

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Currently, there is a great interest in digital radio network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type , the effectiveness of which determines the process of establishing a communication session. At the same time, there was no assessment effectiveness digital radio communication network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type. Also, there was no assessment made the contribution of potential destructive actions by the attacker to the reduction in the effectiveness of such synchronization. This paper presents digital radio networks centralized elements synchronization analytical model with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type medium. In this model the theoretical resulting indicator is the probability of successful delivery of a synchronization package, and a package frequency of successful delivery is used in experimental indicator evaluation . The model takes into account the potential destructive effects of the attacker in analytical expressions for known probabilistic indicators. An digital radio network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to a CSMA/CA type experimental study an environment is also presented. The most common network of digital radio standard IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) is considered as such network. The experimental research results differ from the theoretical research results slightly, which indicates the adequacy of the developed analytical model. It was established, firstly, that the successful delivery probability of a synchronization packet does not depend on number of subscriber terminals in digital radio communication networks, secondly, with an average duration of a data packet transmission by such terminal less than 0.85 ms, it is advisable to use non-random, and the reserved multiple access to the environment, and, thirdly, centralized synchronization is resistant to destructive influences. The model is applicable in the design of digital radio networks with random multiple access to the medium such as CSMA/CA, as well as in optimizing the operation of such networks.

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11

Jian, Ying, Ming Zhang, and Shigang Chen. "Achieving MAC-Layer Fairness in CSMA/CA Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 19, no. 5 (October 2011): 1472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2011.2116124.

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12

Chong, Jo Woon, Youngchul Sung, and Dan Keun Sung. "RawPEACH: Multiband CSMA/CA-based cognitive radio networks." Journal of Communications and Networks 11, no. 2 (April 2009): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2009.6391392.

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13

Huynh, Vu Van, and Yeong-Min Jang. "Fairness CSMA/CA MAC Protocol for VLC Networks." International journal of advanced smart convergence 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jasc2012.1.1.3.

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14

Huang, Caishi, Chin-Tau Lea, and Albert Kai-Sun Wong. "On Fairness Enhancement for CSMA/CA Wireless Networks." IEEE Systems Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2010.2082050.

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15

Sunkam Ramanujam, R., and B. Lin. "Weighted Random Routing on Torus Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 8, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2008.14.

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16

Li, Xia, and Anthony Gar-On Yeh. "Calibration of Cellular Automata by Using Neural Networks for the Simulation of Complex Urban Systems." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, no. 8 (August 2001): 1445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33210.

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This paper presents a new cellular automata (CA) model which uses artificial neural networks for both calibration and simulation. A critical issue for urban CA simulation is how to determine parameter values and define model structures. The simulation of real cities involves the use of many variables and parameters. The calibration of CA models is very difficult when there is a large set of parameters. In the proposed model, most of the parameter values for CA simulation are automatically determined by the training of artificial neural networks. The parameter values from the training are then imported into the CA model which is also based on the algorithm of neural networks. With the use of neural networks, users do not need to provide detailed transition rules which are difficult to define. The study shows that the model has better accuracy than traditional CA models in the simulation of nonlinear complex urban systems.

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17

Dani, J. W., A. Chernjavsky, and S. J. Smith. "Neural activity triggers Ca waves in hippocampal astrocyte networks." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085046.

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Recent findings that the neurotransmitter glutamate can trigger cytoplasmic Ca waves in networks of cultured astrocytes suggest a new range of possible mechanisms for neural-glial interaction and for signalling over distance within the brain. To explore some of these possibilities, we have used confocal microscopy and the Ca indicator fluo-3 to study organotypically cultured slices of rat hippocampus where astrocytes and neurons are intermingled in their normal tissue relationships. We observe that electrical stimulation of the dentate gyrus induces Ca signals in astrocytes of region CA3, acting via a TTX-sensitive neuronal fiber projection that releases glutamate as its major neurotransmitter. Astrocyte Ca transients can occur within two seconds of the onset of neural stimulation, and waves and oscillations result from sustained stimulation at frequencies as low as 2 Hz. Neurally-evoked astrocyte Ca waves propagate both within and between individual hippocampal astrocytes at velocities of 10 - 20 um/sec, while the oscillations have periods of approximately 20 sec (at 21 °C).

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18

Hwang, June, and Seong-Lyun Kim. "Cross-Layer Optimization and Network Coding in CSMA/CA-Based Wireless Multihop Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 19, no. 4 (August 2011): 1028–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2010.2096430.

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19

English, Paul, Heather Amato, Esther Bejarano, Graeme Carvlin, Humberto Lugo, Michael Jerrett, Galatea King, et al. "Performance of a Low-Cost Sensor Community Air Monitoring Network in Imperial County, CA." Sensors 20, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113031.

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Air monitoring networks developed by communities have potential to reduce exposures and affect environmental health policy, yet there have been few performance evaluations of networks of these sensors in the field. We developed a network of over 40 air sensors in Imperial County, CA, which is delivering real-time data to local communities on levels of particulate matter. We report here on the performance of the Network to date by comparing the low-cost sensor readings to regulatory monitors for 4 years of operation (2015–2018) on a network-wide basis. Annual mean levels of PM10 did not differ statistically from regulatory annual means, but did for PM2.5 for two out of the 4 years. R2s from ordinary least square regression results ranged from 0.16 to 0.67 for PM10, and increased each year of operation. Sensor variability was higher among the Network monitors than the regulatory monitors. The Network identified a larger number of pollution episodes and identified under-reporting by the regulatory monitors. The participatory approach of the project resulted in increased engagement from local and state agencies and increased local knowledge about air quality, data interpretation, and health impacts. Community air monitoring networks have the potential to provide real-time reliable data to local populations.

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20

Song, Yu, Wangdong Qi, Weiwei Zhao, and Wenchi Cheng. "Full-Duplex MAC Protocol for CSMA/CA-Based Single-Hop Wireless Networks." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102413.

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Full-duplex (FD) communication provides new opportunities for improving the throughputs of networks. However, this condition means that the number of senders increases from one to two within a certain range. We have to arrange the two nodes to send frames simultaneously in the media access control (MAC) layer. For the single-hop network model, using the FD features of the nodes and the cut-through mechanism, we propose an FD MAC protocol. The protocol improves the throughput of the network from the following two aspects. On the one hand, during the transmission of each node, based on the information of the received frame’s header, the protocol can detect collisions in the network, preventing the channel from being ineffectively occupied for a long time. On the other hand, the protocol can provide the FD with as many opportunities as possible for the nodes. According to the working process of the protocol, we modeled the states (“active” and “passive” transmission, back-off) of each node and their transitions to a Markov chain. We solved the “active” transmission probability of the node and further modeled the analytical performance of the protocol. The simulation results showed that the system throughput produced by our protocol was at least twice that of the conventional CSMA/CA protocol used in the half-duplex networks.

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21

Berarti, Muzeyin, and Ayele Goshu. "Learning Bayesian Networks Using Heart Failure Data." Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ca/2015/17792.

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22

Kim, J., J. Balfour, and W. J. Dally. "Flattened Butterfly Topology for On-Chip Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2007.10.

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23

Kulkarni, Vaishali Raghavendra, and Veena Desai. "Sensor Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Cultural Algorithm." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsir.2020100105.

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Evolutionary computing-based cultural algorithm (CA) has been developed for anchor-assisted, range-based, multi-stage localization of sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The results of CA-based localization have been compared with those of swarm intelligence-based algorithms, namely the artificial bee colony algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The algorithms have been compared in terms of mean localization error and computing time. The simulation results show that the CA performs the localization in a more accurate manner and at a higher speed than the other two algorithms.

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24

Wang, Xinyan, Shunbin Li, and Longju Bai. "An Efficient Resource and Topological Attribute-Based Configuration Algorithm of Virtual Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9952793.

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In the future Internet operation and service model, users put forward network application requirements, and the service provider allocates the corresponding virtual network for users according to the demands. Virtual network resource allocation is an NP-hard problem; hence, the existing research work is mainly based on heuristic algorithms to solve the above problem. However, these traditional algorithms based solely on resource attributes are not sufficient to configure virtual networks. We design a virtual network configuration algorithm (ERTA-CA) based on the two-stage heuristic resource utilization that considers both local and global resource attributes and topological attributes of the network. The experimental results verify that our proposed algorithm can improve the acceptance rate and configuration revenue of the virtual network, which further indicates that ERTA-CA can achieve the virtual network configuration with efficient use of resources.

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25

Zhuang, Yong. "A Distributed CA-Key Generation Scheme for Resilience CA." Journal of Computer Research and Development 44, no. 2 (2007): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20070206.

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26

yang, xinting, Liang Pan, Dinghong Wang, Yuhao Zeng, Wentao Zhu, Dongxiang Jiao, Zhenlong Sun, Chuanheng Sun, and Chao Zhou. "FARnet: Farming Action Recognition From Videos Based on Coordinate Attention and YOLOv7-tiny Network in Aquaculture." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 4 (2023): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15362.

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Highlights The automatic detection and recognition of farming action in video are realized. The YOLOv7-tiny was enhanced by incorporating Coordinate Attention (CA). The performance indices mAP@.5 and mAP@.5:.95 improved by 0.1% and 6.6%, respectively. An intelligent method for detecting "inspection" and "applying pesticides" is provided. Abstract. In aquaculture, regular "inspection" and "applying pesticides" are essential to improving production efficiency and fish disease treatment, but the current aquaculture system does not effectively support these strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes a farming action recognition network (FARnet), which can accurately locate the farmers in the video and detect the actions of “applying pesticides” and “inspection.” The dataset was captured and produced by multi-angle cameras, which were consulted with relevant experts. In this network, Coordinate Attention (CA) was used to improve the Efficient Layer Aggregation Networks-tiny (ELAN-tiny) and Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) structures in the YOLOv7-tiny network. The precise implementation methods are as follows: (1) The convolution in ELAN-tiny was replaced with the CA module, and a shortcut was added. (2) A CA module was added to the final layer of the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) module. (3) The improved Efficient Layer Aggregation Networks-Coordinate Attention (ELAN-CA) and Spatial Pyramid Pooling-Coordinate Attention (SPP-CA) were used to extract action features and perform feature correction by ADD (Feature fusion by feature map summation) in the backbone. The results demonstrated that the FARnet achieved significantly better detection results than the YOLOv7-tiny network, where mAP@.5 improved by 0.1% from 99.4% to 99.5%, and the mAP@.5:.95 improved by 6.6% from 78.2% to 84.8%. Therefore, the FARnet can effectively detect and identify the “inspection” and “applying pesticides” actions of farmers and provide useful input information for the intelligent management system. Keywords: Action detection, Applying pesticides, Coordinate attention, FARnet, Inspection.

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27

Peña, Octavio, Mona Bahout, Dionisio Gutierrez, Pedro Duran, and Carlos Moure. "Interacting networks and spin polarization in (Dy, Ca)MnO3." Solid State Sciences 5, no. 9 (September 2003): 1217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1293-2558(03)00146-8.

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28

Lauwens, Ben, Bart Scheers, and Antoine Van de Capelle. "Performance analysis of unslotted CSMA/CA in wireless networks." Telecommunication Systems 44, no. 1-2 (November 5, 2009): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-009-9220-7.

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29

Peña, O., M. Bahout, Yanwei Ma, D. Gutiérrez, P. Durán, and C. Moure. "Interacting networks and spin reversal in (RE, Ca)MnO3." Physica C: Superconductivity 408-410 (August 2004): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2004.03.091.

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30

HUANG, Chun-Hsiang, Daisuke UMEHARA, Satoshi DENNO, Masahiro MORIKURA, and Takatoshi SUGIYAMA. "Enhancement of CSMA/CA and Network Coding in Single-Relay Multi-User Wireless Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E93-B, no. 12 (2010): 3371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e93.b.3371.

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31

Sivasankaran, V., and V. Nagarajan. "Seamless Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Network Using Cognitive Advisor Based Decision Making Algorithm." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6356.

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An important and modern trend in wireless network is managing and accessing in heterogeneous wireless networks structures effectively. Vertical handover or handoff technology is major and acting vital role in wireless communication, it has key challenging issues in wireless network, while handover gets call drop kind of latency and call quality minimization. So the communication networks needs an efficient and dynamic services and knowledge monitoring management to select network for handover of different network environments (example: WiMAX, WiFi, WLAN, etc.). In this paper we proposed the concepts of knowledgeable monitoring (KM-method), cognitive advisor (CA) and Advanced Handover Optimization (AHO) technique to improve effective network selection for seamless communication, while travels over heterogeneous wireless networks (HWN). KM-method monitoring and manage effective network selection and holding connected mobile nodes inform header files also maintaining re-initiate to next network information (network IP address, user ID, new path, etc.). CAVHO-Cognitive Advisor based Vertical Handover (VSH and V2H) and KM-methods perform and measures velocity and direction of mobility nodes through SRSS sequential Received Strength Signal. Also CA receives the nearest networks details of each another using nearest neighbouring concept with SDT ratio Algorithm. Optimization technique (AHO) performs dynamically balancing the threshold level of speed, load and quality based on Receiving signal strength and user preference. Simulation results of CAVHO Shows it secure and increases the handover probability of access also proposed system reduce delay and improve quality of services and throughput.

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32

Bedi, Harpreet Singh. "Utilization of a Wireless Network Performing CSMA/CA with Random Backoff Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012060.

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Abstract Optimizing WLAN performance in IEEE 802.11 network with extremely different working environments is a difficult task. We must use a network that can provide the most benefits to its end-users to improve network strength and data transmission. To increase performance in this congested situation, we construct an adaptive backoff algorithm for the IEEE 802.11 DCF that enhances in congested network conditions, system throughput is improved, the collision probability is reduced, and good fairness is maintained. This paper deals with the utilization of networks for different backoff strategies for different network conditions. The results obtained were comparatively much better than the existing methods.

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Jokic, A., and P. P. J. van den Bosch. "AUTONOMOUS POWER NETWORKS BASED POWER SYSTEM." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 7 (2006): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060625-4-ca-2906.00063.

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34

Li Shang, L. Peh, and N. K. Jha. "Power-efficient Interconnection Networks: Dynamic Voltage Scaling with Links." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 1, no. 1 (January 2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2002.10.

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35

Singh, A., and W. J. Dally. "Buffer and Delay Bounds in High Radix Interconnection Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 3, no. 1 (January 2004): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2004.2.

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36

Sunkam Ramanujam, Rohit, and Bill Lin. "Randomized Partially-Minimal Routing on Three-Dimensional Mesh Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 7, no. 2 (July 2008): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2008.6.

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37

Wang, Yuda, and Gang Li. "The Spreading of Information in Online Social Networks through Cellular Automata." Complexity 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1890643.

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Epidemic dynamics in complex networks have been extensively studied. Due to the similarity between information and disease spreading, most studies on information dynamics use epidemic models and merely consider the characteristics of online social networks and individual’s cognitive. In this paper, we propose an online social networks information spreading (OSIS) model combining epidemic models and individual’s cognitive psychology. Then we design a cellular automata (CA) method to provide a computational method for OSIS. Finally, we use OSIS and CA to simulate the spreading and evolution of information in online social networks. The experimental results indicate that OSIS is effective. Firstly, individual’s cognition affects online information spreading. When infection rate is low, it prevents the spreading, whereas when infection rate is sufficiently high, it promotes transmission. Secondly, the explosion of online social network scale and the convenience of we-media greatly increase the ability of information dissemination. Lastly, the demise of information is affected by both time and heat decay rather than probability. We believe that these findings are in the right direction for perceiving information spreading in online social networks and useful for public management policymakers seeking to design efficient programs.

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38

Wang, Jin Hong, and Li Jun Sun. "An Improvement of Slotted CSMA/Ca in IEEE 802.15.4." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2767.

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IEEE802.15.4 defines MAC and PHY specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANS), which targets wireless networking among low-rate, low-power and low-cost devices for short range telecommunication. As the wireless sensor network used in ward monitoring system need to handle large amounts of data, this paper proposes an improved backoff algorithm in slotted CSMA/CA by introducing a weighting algorithm of. According to the comparison of and , we can dynamic change the minimum contention window each time at CSMA/CA begins. By NS2 simulation, when the traffic load is large, the delay time, packet loss rate and jitter of the improved dynamic algorithm can be significantly reduced.

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Borodin, Vyacheslav V., Valentin E. Kolesnichenko, and Vyacheslav A. Shevtsov. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Various Receipting Multiple Access Methods with Acknowledgement in IoT Networks." Inventions 8, no. 4 (August 18, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8040105.

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An Internet of things (IoT) network is a distributed set of “smart” sensors, interconnected via a radio channel. The basic method of accessing the radio channels for these networks is Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), in which access is carried out on the basis of contention, and confirmation of the correct reception of the packet is achieved using a receipt. If the sizes of information packets are small and comparable to the sizes of receipts, then the transmission of receipts requires a significant bandwidth of the channel, which reduces the efficiency of the network. This problem exists not only for IoT networks but also for monitoring systems, operational management of fast processes, telemetry, short messaging and many other applications. Therefore, an urgent task is to develop effective methods of multiple random access in the transmission of short information packets, the size of which is comparable to the size of receipts. To solve this problem, the authors proposed modifications of CSMA/CA random access in which, when packet collisions are detected, a diagnostic message (DM) is generated and transmitted in the broadcast mode. Based on simulation modeling, it is shown that in a wide range of network loads, the proposed random access options provide an increase in network capacity (the number of connected subscribers) of 1.5–2 times compared to the basic CSMA/CA access method when the size of the information packet is an order of magnitude larger than the size of receipts. The variant of access without acknowledgment is also considered, in which, as shown by the simulation results, at sufficiently large loads, the network can go into an unstable state.

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Sanada, Kosuke. "Theoretical analysis for CSMA/CA-based wireless full duplex networks." Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE 12, no. 3 (2021): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/nolta.12.275.

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Guo, Ping, Jin Wang, JieZhong Zhu, YaPing Cheng, and Jeong-Uk Kim. "Intrusion Tolerant-based Lightweight CA Model for Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 8, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2013.8.6.03.

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Michelogiannakis, George, Nan Jiang, Daniel Becker, and William Dally. "Packet Chaining: Efficient Single-Cycle Allocation for On-Chip Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 10, no. 2 (February 2011): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2011.15.

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Kim, Hanjoon, Yonggon Kim, and John Kim. "Clumsy Flow Control for High-Throughput Bufferless On-Chip Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 12, no. 2 (July 2013): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2012.22.

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Nimlamool, Wutigri, Saranyapin Potikanond, Jirapak Ruttanapattanakul, Nitwara Wikan, Siriporn Okonogi, Salinee Jantrapirom, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, and Jirarat Karinchai. "Curcuma amarissima Extract Activates Growth and Survival Signal Transduction Networks to Stimulate Proliferation of Human Keratinocyte." Biology 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040289.

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Many medicinal plants have been used to treat wounds. Here, we revealed the potential wound healing effects of Curcuma amarissima (CA). Our cell viability assay showed that CA extract increased the viability of HaCaT cells that were cultured in the absence of serum. This increase in cell viability was proved to be associated with the pharmacological activities of CA extract in inducing cell proliferation. To further define possible molecular mechanisms of action, we performed Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence study, and our data demonstrated that CA extract rapidly induced ERK1/2 and Akt activation. Consistently, CA extract accelerated cell migration, resulting in rapid healing of wounded human keratinocyte monolayer. Specifically, the CA-induced increase of cell monolayer wound healing was blocked by the MEK inhibitor (U0126) or the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). Moreover, CA extract induced the expression of Mcl-1, which is an anti-apoptotic protein, supporting that CA extract enhances human keratinocyte survival. Taken together, our study provided convincing evidence that Curcuma amarissima can promote proliferation and survival of human keratinocyte through stimulating the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. These promising data emphasize the possibility to develop this plant as a wound healing agent for the potential application in regenerative medicine.

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Agibetov, Asan, Andreas Kammerlander, Franz Duca, Christian Nitsche, Matthias Koschutnik, Carolina Donà, Theresa-Marie Dachs, et al. "Convolutional Neural Networks for Fully Automated Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121268.

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Aims: We tested the hypothesis that artificial intelligence (AI)-powered algorithms applied to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images could be able to detect the potential patterns of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Readers in CMR centers with a low volume of referrals for the detection of myocardial storage diseases or a low volume of CMRs, in general, may overlook CA. In light of the growing prevalence of the disease and emerging therapeutic options, there is an urgent need to avoid misdiagnoses. Methods and Results: Using CMR data from 502 patients (CA: n = 82), we trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically diagnose patients with CA. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of different state-of-the-art deep learning techniques on common CMR imaging protocols in detecting imaging patterns associated with CA. As a result of a 10-fold cross-validated evaluation, the best-performing fine-tuned CNN achieved an average ROC AUC score of 0.96, resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of 94% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Conclusions: Applying AI to CMR to diagnose CA may set a remarkable milestone in an attempt to establish a fully computational diagnostic path for the diagnosis of CA, in order to support the complex diagnostic work-up requiring a profound knowledge of experts from different disciplines.

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Xia, Feng, Jie Li, Ruonan Hao, Xiangjie Kong, and Ruixia Gao. "Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA over IEEE 802.15.4 for Cyber-Physical Systems." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/947808.

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that collect, exchange, manage information, and coordinate actions are an integral part of the Smart Grid. In addition, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in CPS, especially in the wireless sensor/actuator networks, plays an essential role in Smart Grid applications. IEEE 802.15.4, which is one of the most widely used communication protocols in this area, still needs to be improved to meet multiple QoS requirements. This is because IEEE 802.15.4 slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) employs static parameter configuration without supporting differentiated services and network self-adaptivity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a priority-based Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA (SDA-CSMA/CA) algorithm to provide differentiated QoS for various Smart Grid applications as well as dynamically initialize backoff exponent according to traffic conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SDA-CSMA/CA scheme significantly outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA in terms of effective data rate, packet loss rate, and average delay.

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Shafiq, Muhammad, Maqbool Ahmad, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Amjad Ali, Azeem Irshad, and Jin-Ghoo Choi. "Handshake Sense Multiple Access Control for Cognitive Radio-Based IoT Networks." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020241.

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Internet-of-Things (IoT) enabling technologies such as ZigBee, WiFi, 6LowPAN, RFID, Machine-to-Machine, LTE-Advanced, etc. depend on the license-free Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands for the Internet. The proliferation of IoT devices is not only anticipated to create a huge amount of congestion in the near future, but even now the unlicensed spectrum is not enough in the ISM bands. Towards this end, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology can resolve the spectrum shortage issue since CR users can opportunistically exploit white spaces in licensed channels of the adjacent wireless systems. In CR networks, it is critical to coordinate spectrum access among Secondary Users (SUs) while protecting priority rights of Primary Users (PUs). Therein, SUs need to take good care of hidden PUs in order to avoid harmful interference. Further, a densely deployed CR network can compromise spectrum sensing quality and certainty of the results when a large number of SUs contends to access the same channel. Therefore, based on the vulnerable sensing results, SUs can cause interference to the PUs. In this paper, we first investigate the leading issues and then propose a novel Handshake Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (HSMA/CA) protocol for CR-based IoT networks. Our proposed HSMA/CA scheme resolves hidden primary terminal problem and maintains sufficient priority rights to PUs in a densely distributed network. In addition, we optimize the spectrum sensing period to maximize the system performance by maintaining peculiarities in the sensing operation like false alarm and misdetection. To evaluate the performance of HSMA/CA, we have analyzed the protocol through the Markov chain model in terms of throughput and verify its accuracy by simulations. Simulation results show that our scheme is suitable for non-collaborative densely deployed CR-based IoT networks.

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Brautović, Mato, Julijana Antić Brautović, and Romana John. "Use of Pre-web Computer Networks to Give Information About the Attacks on Dubrovnik and Vukovar." Collegium antropologicum 46, no. 4 (2022): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.46.4.2.

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Although, 30-years ago, there was a limited number of computer networks and computers in the former Yugoslavia, as well as worldwide, they were used by academia and the elites, who had enough knowledge and access to computers and to modems. Their views on the political situation, which have been preserved in the digital world, may give valuable insight into events, and, notably, about how these elites perceived/participated in the collapse of the State, and how the public in different Yugoslavian republics articulated their views. The main problem relating to this kind of approach was the limited resources that were available, as the majority of the digital documents have been lost forever, so studying this topic through the use of pre-web digital documents looked more like digital archeology, and less like historical/textual analysis. This paper was written based on two case studies: the bulletin board systems (BBS) Sezam BBS, and the e-mail distribution list Pisma Bralcev, and how they were used to report on the Yugoslav People's Army’s attacks on Dubrovnik and Vukovar in Fall, 1991. In the first case, the study examines ‘Sezam BBS’, which was based in Belgrade and was used by Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian academics, politicians and journalists, and was, at the time, the most popular forum open to the public, and was under no government control. The second case was the email distribution list, Pisma Bralcev, which was run by Slovenian academics and was used for the distribution of news abroad. The data for analysis was collected through archival research on original discussions, e-mails, reports, etc. The main findings show that the bulletin board systems, discussion groups and e-mail enabled the first forums for the exchange of opposing ideas, and they became places in which the Yugoslavian elite could be informed beyond the information that was given by the mass media and politically controlled sources.

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Lin, Wen Qi, Yi Liu, Li Meng Song, Yuan Jiao Zhang, and Fei Guo. "Comparison and Analysis of MAC Protocol in Multimedia Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.496.

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MAC protocol analysis and comparison to the multimedia communication theory as the framework, firstly discusses the requirement of communication network in computer networks and multimedia applications. MAC protocols oriented to wireless sensor networks are compared and analyzed. Summary of CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD, S-MAC and basic principles and applicable occasions, main parameters is made. Properties of the three MAC protocols is compared. The results of this study provides reference for MAC protocol oriented to multimedia communications.

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Hüseyn oğlu Məmmədov, Famil. "Mathematical models of wireless local communication networks and methods of calculation of probability-time characteristics." SCIENTIFIC WORK 75, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/75/148-154.

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802.11 standartı və CSMA/CA protokolu əsasında qurulmuş simsiz lokal rabitə şəbəkələrinə baxılır. Baxılan şəbəkələr üzrə verilənlərin ötürülməsi zam- anı yaranan fiziki və ehtimal prosesləri nəzərə almaqla z-çevirməsi əsasında, onların riyazi modeli işlənmışdir. Bu model əsasında bilavasitə birləşmə və gözləmə prinsipli həlledicili əks əlaqəli alqoritmılərdən istifadə etməklə baxılan şəbəkələrin riyazi modelləri və ehtimal-zaman xarakteristikalarının hesablanması metodları işlənmişdir. Açar sözlər: simsiz lokal rabitə şəbəkələr, 802.11 stanrartı, CSMA/CA protokolu, z-çevirməsi, riyazi modellər, ehtimal-zaman xarakteristikaları Famil Huseyn Mammadov Mathematical models of wireless local communication networks and methods of calculation of probability-time characteristics Summary Wireless LANs based on the 802.11 standard and the CSMA/CA protocol are considered. Based on the z-transformation of the data in the networks in question, their mathematical models were developed, taking into account the physical and probabilistic processes that occur during their transmission. On this model, mathematical models and methods for calculating the probability-time characteristics of the networks under consideration were developed using directly connected and expectant decision feedback algorithms. Key words: wireless local area networks, 802.11 standard, CSMA/CA protocol, z-conversion, mathematical models, probability-time characteristics.

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